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In this work, we propose to estimate the probability density function for nonnegative support using an LPE kernel with the adaptive Bayesian approach for bandwidth selection. For this, we exploit the conjugality between the LPE kernel and a prior distribution to develop the explicit form of the variable bandwidth parameter. Simulation studies are realized to evaluate the performance of the proposed adaptive Bayesian LPE kernel approach, with the classical Plug-In and UCV methods. On the other hand, we have carried out a comparative study between the proposed approach and two other adaptive Bayesian approaches with BSPE and gamma kernels. Moreover, real data sets are presented to illustrate the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we propose three non parametric kernel estimators for the mean residual life function when the data are selected proportionally to their length. We evaluate the mean squared error of the three estimators and investigate the consistency for all three of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security grids consisting of High-Definition (HD) Internet of Things (IoT) cameras are gaining popularity for organizational perimeter surveillance and security monitoring. Transmitting HD video data to cloud infrastructure requires high bandwidth and more storage space than text, audio, and image data. It becomes more challenging for large-scale organizations with massive security grids to minimize cloud network bandwidth and storage costs. This paper presents an application of Machine Vision at the IoT Edge (Mez) technology in association with a novel Grid Sensing (GRS) algorithm to optimize cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) resource allocation, leading to cost minimization. Experimental results demonstrated a 31.29% reduction in bandwidth and a 22.43% reduction in storage requirements. The Mez technology offers a network latency feedback module with knobs for transforming video frames to adjust to the latency sensitivity. The association of the GRS algorithm introduces its compatibility in the IoT camera-driven security grid by automatically ranking the existing bandwidth requirements by different IoT nodes. As a result, the proposed system minimizes the entire grid's throughput, contributing to significant cloud resource optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a reflector back ultra-wide band (UWB), circularly polarized (CP) antenna is presented using asymmetric circularly curved radiating elements. The circular aperture on the reflector plane is connected with the radiating plane using two shorting pins to maintain the impedance bandwidth and axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. In addition to the frequency domain, time domain performances are investigated to understand the receiving signal quality, considering the pulse spreading effects. The received signal quality is quantified for near field (NF) and far field (FF) with the parameter system fidelity factor (SFF). It is observed that the SFF becomes stable and less dispersive from the minimum distance 75 mm from the antenna at near field. The measurement result also shows that the proposed antenna can provide maximum 10.2 dBic peak gain, $ 78.9\% $ 78.9 % of impedance bandwidth and $ 82.3\% $ 82.3 % of axial ratio bandwidth with system fidelity factor (SFF) of 0.95 and 0.97 for NF and FF respectively. In addition to this, the variation of group delay is within 1.3 ns for NF and FF cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is one of the possible solutions to overcome challenges that bring up the 6G communication networks. Unit cell design for RIS is similar in many aspects to the design of artificial magnetic conductors (AMC) because both have a common nature of changing the phase of the reflected wave. However, RIS is aimed at controlling the angle of reflection to maintain requirements for the radiation pattern similar to phased antenna arrays such as low side lobes and beamwidth. The paper reviews the criteria for optimizing RIS: unit cell dimensions, phase span, frequency bandwidth, and loss. An optimization algorithm is proposed for the proper accounting of RIS optimization criteria. A new X-band unit cell is designed using the proposed optimization algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A novel superstrate‐based Vivaldi antenna design characterized by high‐gain and wideband performance is presented. The proposed design configuration features a Vivaldi antenna positioned between high dielectric superstrate (Rogers 6010, εr = 10.2) with copper etched off on both sides and an FR4 substrate that has copper etched on one side only. The introduction of a high permittivity dielectric material above and a reflector below the Vivaldi antenna enables favorable resonance conditions for achieving high‐gain operation. The measured antenna exhibits a peak gain of 17 dBi at 10 GHz, covering an operating frequency range of 6–20 GHz. It also features a narrow half‐power beamwidth and low side lobe level radiation patterns. Unlike existing studies, which rely on metamaterials, electromagnetic bandgap structures, and frequency selective surfaces for gain enhancement, our design employs high‐dielectric constant superstrates. This approach increased the antenna's peak gain by 10 dB. Also, the proposed configuration act as a radome protecting the antenna from Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this paper, a new frontend for 5G receivers is proposed. In the presented work, a new bandwidth enhancement technique for low‐noise transconductance amplifiers and for wireless frontends has been proposed. The proposed frontend achieves low noise figure (NF) by using a noise cancelation scheme in the newly proposed LNTA. The linearity of the frontend is also improved by increasing the DC gain and the bandwidth of the opamp used in the transimpedance amplifier and by exploiting a linearity improvement method for the LNTA. The frontend has been implemented in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process. The post‐layout simulation results prove the gain of 38 dB with less than 3 dB deviation in the pass‐band over a 6.5 GHz bandwidth. The results also show that NF is less than 8 dB, the worst‐case IIP3 is −2 dBm, the maximum S11 is equal to −9.5 dB while the frontend consumes 9.95 mW DC power from a single 1.8‐V supply, and the occupied area is 0.813 mm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless technology is one of the major area of research in communication systems. Antenna plays major role in communication system so designing and fabrication of antenna is very important for the communication system. An understanding the operation and fabrication of antennas is important as wireless technology is one of the major areas of research in communication systems. For short distance network communication widely used wireless distribution standard is WLAN (ictactjournals. in, ijates.com). In existing system such as single patch antenna has disadvantages of narrow bandwidth, low gain, low directivity and low efficiency etc. The proposed system reduces these disadvantages by implementing use of array of antennas. Microstrip array antenna optimizes overall performance of system. This system is to be cost effective, more reliable and smaller in size. Designing array of antenna is suggested using rectangular shape gives better performance in all aspects. The proposed patch antenna design has return loss of − 18.75 dB and covers 2.4 GHz frequency range. For WLAN applications this antenna offers excellent performance and a great solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for faster communication in today's world has led to the need for antennas with high bandwidth and gain. A novel THz MIMO antenna based on metamaterial is presented in this manuscript for high-speed communication applications with broad bandwidth and high gain. The THz MIMO metamaterial antenna is designed using a C-shaped metamaterial resonator. The metamaterial antenna is also compared with a simple square patch MIMO antenna design for different antenna parameters like gain, reflection, and transmission coefficients. The metamaterial MIMO antenna gives a higher bandwidth of around 1.95 THz, three operating bands and a maximum isolation of about 80 dB. The maximum gain of the metamaterial MIMO design is 20.4 dB. The metamaterial MIMO antenna is also optimized for its geometrical parameters like slot length, slot width, substrate thickness and ground layer thickness. The optimized value of slot length, slot width, substrate and ground layer thicknesses are obtained as 10 µm, 10 µm, 1.5 µm and 1 µm, respectively. The MIMO parameters like ECC, DG, MEG, CCL and TARC are analyzed. All these parameter values fall within the standard requirement for MIMO antennas. The designed metamaterial MIMO antenna can be a good pick for 6G/TWPAN communication devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to resource constraints, power organizations are increasingly adopting renewable energy solutions. However, the inherent volatility and intermittency of renewable sources present challenges in effectively harnessing their potential during dispatch processes. This study proposes a cooperative distribution strategy that integrates an energy storage system with wind energy. Energy storage system charging stage, while in the discharge stage, optimal income is jointly pursued during power generation periods with wind energy. To ensure cooperation stability, the benefits distribution process not only incorporates marginal contribution value, but also employs a conditional value at risk constructed through an enhanced Kernel density estimation bandwidth calculation strategy in the allocation strategy. The implicit contribution value of the energy storage system to overall power dispatching is established using the conditional value at risk and other relevant factors. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategic model is efficacious in achieving a notable reduction in the total power generation cost, amounting to 0.81%. Moreover, the model successfully mitigates curtailment, yielding a substantial decrease in the curtailment rate by 5.84%. Moreover, the redistribution aspect enhances the enthusiasm of energy storage system participation in cooperation. This model establishes a theoretical foundation for future collaborative strategies in wind and storage joint operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present cascaded frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) with matryoshka geometry to increase the effective bandwidth. We carry out an analysis of the influence of the spacing between the surfaces on the FSSs frequency response. The application involves a two-layer cascaded FSS, one as a band-stop filter with a matryoshka geometry and the other as a band-pass filter with inverted or negative matryoshka geometry. With this framework, it is possible to extend an ultra-wideband (UWB) of a bandwidth up to 2 GHz in the 1.8 GHz to 3.8 GHz range with just two layers and an air gap of 12 mm, in addition to a bandwidth of 2 GHz to 3.2 GHz with a smaller 4 mm gap between layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging demand for high-data-rate wireless communication systems and high-resolution radars, particularly in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) spectrum, has captured significant attention within both the industrial and academic landscape. Recognized as the fundamental building block for satellite receivers, the low noise amplifier (LNA) plays a pivotal role in meeting these growing requirements. In Today's world a continuously increasing number of connected devices and resource-intensive digital content load to an incessant data being generated, transformed, and facilitated. In this paper, authors summarize the different technologies and techniques employed to design various LNAs with enhanced bandwidth, higher gain, low noise figure (NF), minimal power consumption, and less chip area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this work, we derive a simple method for calibrating Raman bandwidths for the Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) instrument onboard NASA's Perseverance rover. Raman bandwidths and shapes reported by an instrument contain contributions from both the intrinsic Raman band (IRB) and instrumental artifacts. To directly correlate bandwidth to sample properties and to compare bandwidths across instruments, the IRB width needs to be separated from instrumental effects. Here, we use the ubiquitous bandwidth calibration method of modeling the observed Raman bands as a convolution of a Lorentzian IRB and a Gaussian instrument slit function. Using calibration target data, we calculate that SHERLOC has a slit function width of 34.1 cm–1. With a measure of the instrument slit function, we can deconvolve the IRB from the observed band, providing the width of the Raman band unobscured by instrumental artifact. We present the correlation between observed Raman bandwidth and intrinsic Raman bandwidth in table form for the quick estimation of SHERLOC Raman intrinsic bandwidths. We discuss the limitations of using this model to calibrate Raman bandwidth and derive a quantitative method for calculating the errors associated with the calibration. We demonstrate the utility of this method of bandwidth calibration by examining the intrinsic bandwidths of SHERLOC sulfate spectra and by modeling the SHERLOC spectrum of olivine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an approach to select the bandwidth or smoothing parameter in multiresolution (MR) density estimation and nonparametric density estimation. It is based on the evolution of the second, third and fourth central moments and the shape of the estimated densities for different bandwidths and resolution levels. The proposed method has been applied to density estimation by means of multiresolution densities as well as kernel density estimation (MRDE and KDE respectively). The results of the simulations and the empirical application demonstrate that the level of resolution resulting from the moments method performs better with multimodal densities than the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) for multiresolution densities estimation and the plug-in for kernel densities estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The work may find applications in secure coordination and self-management of groups of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). We consider authenticating multicast messages in the case of extremely narrow communication channels, such as underwater acoustic communication, with devices such as mobile sensors creating a self-organizing autonomous network. Channel characteristics in this scenario prevent the application of digital signatures (and asymmetric cryptography in general), as it would consume too much of the available bandwidth. As communication is relatively sparse, standard symmetric methods such as TESLA have limited application in this scenario as well. Driven by real-world requirements, we focus on tiny networks of only a few nodes. This paper discusses two issues: (a) strategies of key predistribution enabling flexible creation of multicast groups; (b) authenticating multicast messages in a way that prevents an attacker impersonating the sender by subverting one or more receiver nodes and learning the symmetric keys stored by these nodes. For tiny networks, we show that scalable and asymptotically efficient solutions might be useless, and that specially tailored combinatorial approaches may confer some advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient allocation of resources is crucial in wireless ad hoc networks (WANETs) as spectrum assets are costly. Cooperative communications were introduced as a solution to the problem of limited spectrum availability. In this approach, numerous nodes share their resources and increase the bandwidth available to end-users. This research investigates the practicality of a new algorithm that optimizes resources based on load for Cooperative Communications in 5 G WANETs. The algorithm consists of two components. Initially, a distributed algorithm for forming a topology is suggested. This algorithm employs a load-based approach to explore network conditions and efficiently choose the most suitable topology. An optimization algorithm that relies on a greedy strategy is suggested. In this approach, the chosen nodes send their bits to the receiver to maximize the attainable system throughput. A thorough simulation study is conducted to evaluate the overall performance of the proposed algorithm in assessing existing methods. The proposed model obtained 94.72 % energy efficiency, 91.69 % network throughput, 94.72 % spectrum utilization, 27.47 % network delay, 24.08 % packet loss rate, 94.38 % signal-to-noise ratio, 93.91 % data transfer rate, 95.87 % error detection rate, and 94.28 % link reliability rate. The results demonstrate that the suggested algorithm significantly enhances the system and the overall network performance compared to existing approaches. The proposed approach is feasible and environmentally friendly for optimizing bandwidth in 5 G wireless ad hoc Networks.

1–3 piezoelectric composites are widely used in piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers due to their high thickness electromechanical coupling factor. However, the applications of the composites in high‐temperature fields are limited by the low heat resistance of both the piezoelectric and polymer phases. To tackle this, we designed and fabricated the BiScO3–PbTiO3/epoxy high‐temperature 1–3 piezoelectric composites. These composites exhibit a high thickness electromechanical coupling factor kt of 63%, a large piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 470 pC/N, and a pure thickness vibration mode. Furthermore, we fabricated a high‐temperature transducer based on the BiScO3–PbTiO3/epoxy 1–3 composites. The bandwidths of the composites measured in water and silicone oil (30% and 23%, respectively) are approximately 1.65 times greater than those of monolithic piezoelectric ceramics (18% and 14%, respectively). The bandwidth of the transducer can be increased to 78% by adding a porous alumina backing layer, with the working temperature reaching up to 300°C. The results indicate that the BS–PT/epoxy 1–3 composite is a potential candidate for high‐temperature transducer applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the application of frequency selective surface (FSS) reflectors to enhance vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication performance. A compact antenna measuring 32×24×1.6 mm, derived from an FSS 10×10×1.6 mm unit cell, was studied. Integration of FSS technology with the antenna resulted in significant performance improvements. The gain increased from 3.9 to 5.4 dB at 5.9 GHz, representing a 1.5-fold enhancement. Additionally, the bandwidth extended to 230.94 MHz. These advancements demonstrate the efficacy of FSS technology for antenna gain enhancement in V2V systems. The compact design, coupled with improved performance, makes this approach particularly suitable for vehicular applications where space is limited. This study not only showcases the potential of FSS technology in antenna design but also suggests its broader applicability in enhancing V2V communication systems, potentially contributing to the development of more efficient and safer transportation networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4G service coverage only reaches 52.90% of the total area in Indonesia, with an average internet speed of 11.12 Mbps which is one of the lowest internet speeds in Southeast Asia. The increasing need for internet also affects all aspects of life if internet services are still not optimal. This research was conducted with the aim of producing a microstrip antenna to be used as a supporting antenna to get better internet quality, as well as providing additional insight for the general public about the concept of microstrip antennas starting from planning, designing, testing, and using microstrip antennas. In this research, a microstrip antenna is made using the peripheral slits method, to work at frequencies of 1800-2400 MHz for 4G networks. microstrip antennas will pay attention and be analysed on the parameters of return loss (S-11), VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), bandwidth, and antenna gain. simulation results for several parameters such as return loss which gets a value of -13.33639 dB and the VSWR value is obtained at 1.5489645 at a working frequency of 2311 MHz. The Gain magnitude obtained is 2.35 dBi and the antenna bandwidth value obtained is 30.6 MHz. These values have met the criteria of a good microstrip antenna and are ready to be fabricated and implemented which can be useful for improving the quality of public internet usage.

Due to limited antenna space, high communication requirements, and strict regulatory constraints, the design of antennas for modern mobile phones has become an exceedingly challenging task. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted in this area, leading to significant advancements. This review paper comprehensively summarizes recent progress made in antenna design for modern mobile phones. Firstly, the challenges faced in antenna design for modern mobile phones are described, including bandwidth enhancement, integration and decoupling techniques, mm-wave array antennas, satellite communication antennas, as well as interactions between mobile antennas and the human body. Secondly, the basic antenna types (such as inverted-F, slot, loop, and planar inverted-F antennas) commonly used in modern metal-bezel mobile phones along with their key characteristics are briefly summarized. Thirdly, the commonly exployed methods used in practical applications for designing wideband antennas within compact sizes and achieving decoupling among multiple antennas with wide bandwidths are collected. Fourthly, recent advances in the design of compact, wideband, and wide-angle scanning mm-wave arrays for modern mobile phones are summarized. Fifthly, recent progress made in satellite communication antenna designs for modern mobile phones, including broadside and end-fire radiation patterns, is presented. Sixthly, recent studies on the interaction between mobile antennas and the human body are briefly concluded. Finally, the future challenge of antenna design for mobile phones is briefly discussed. It is our hope that this comprehensive review will provide readers with a systematic understanding of antenna design principles applicable to modern mobile phones.

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are networks consisting of sensors that have limitations in terms of memory, computational power, bandwidth and battery life. Multimedia transmission using Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a difficult task because certain Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees are required. These guarantees include a large quantity of bandwidth, rigorous latency requirements, improved packet delivery and lower loss ratio. The main area of research would be to investigate the process of greedy techniques that could be modified to guarantee QoS provisioning for multimedia traffic in WSNs. This could include optimization of routing decisions, dynamic allocation of resources and effective congestion management. This study introduces a framework called Epsilon Greedy Strategy based Routing Protocol (EGS-RP) for multimedia content transmission over WSN. The framework focuses on energy efficiency and QoS by using reinforcement learning to optimize rewards. These incentives are determined by a number of variables, including node residual energy, communication energy and the effectiveness of sensor type-dependent data collection. Experimental analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed routing strategy and compare it with the performance of standard energy-aware routing algorithms. The proposed EGS-RP achieves a throughput of 217 kbps, a bandwidth of 985 bps, a packet delivery ratio of 94.45% and an energy consumption of 32%.

Colloidal quantum dot (CQD) based infrared (IR) photodetectors offer facile wavelength tunability in the IR and low‐cost fabrication. However, owing to their large surface areas, CQDs intrinsically have significant surface traps critically affecting the speed of CQD photodetectors, typically mediated through tedious surface passivation efforts. In this report, an alternative strategy involving coupling of near‐IR photoactive lead sulfide CQDs with a thermally evaporated amorphous selenium (a‐Se) hole transport layer is proposed. By separating the detector into a photon absorbing CQD region and a charge transport a‐Se region, the study takes advantage of the extremely low noise, predominantly hole‐only transport process in a‐Se. A high 3 dB bandwidth of 2.5 MHz and a competitive specific detectivity of 2.5 × 1011 Jones at room temperature are demonstrated at 980 nm. This report serves as a first demonstration of strong coupling between an IR active CQD absorber and a‐Se, which paves the path to obtain fast and highly photoresponsive IR photodetection in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bandwidth selection is key for kernel quantile estimators (KQEs), which estimate quantiles by averaging all of the order statistics with appropriate kernel-weighting functions. This paper provides a new data-driven bandwidth selection method for KQEs, named the exact bootstrap-based bandwidth selection (EBS) rule. By relying on the exact analytic expressions for the bootstrap mean and variance of KQEs, the error due to bootstrap resampling is eliminated, and thus the optimal bandwidth can be obtained by minimizing the mean squared error (MSE) estimate. The effectiveness of this EBS rule is confirmed by numerical experiments. First, the bandwidth selection performance of the EBS method is compared to that of a benchmark approach. Simulation studies show that the EBS method performs well, especially in selecting bandwidths for extreme quantiles and when applied to small sample sizes with skewed distributions and relatively large variances. Second, KQEs with a bandwidth determined by our EBS rule is compared with five other state-of-the-art quantile estimators over six typical distributions. The results further validate the efficiency of the EBS method. Third, the results of simulations of controlling actual type-I error rates that occur when two independent groups are compared through quantiles further demonstrate the precision of our EBS-based KQEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past years, remote sensing, radar, and imaging applications have all made use of ultra-wideband (UWB) technology. This study undertakes an extensive analysis of tree-shaped monopole antennas tailored for UWB systems. The intended antenna has an incomplete ground plane and a circular radiating patch. To increase bandwidth, two ears have been added to the circular structure. Possessing a dielectric constant of 4.3. The antenna substrate consists of FR-4 material with a dielectric constant of 4.3. To achieve optimal impedance matching for UWB systems, the antenna is fed via a coplanar waveguide (CPW). Design antenna is a simple structure, small size, easy design, and simple integration with the substrate with dimensions of 54 mm ×36 mm ×1.6 mm. All simulation results presented in this article were generated using computer simulation technology (CST) software. He monopole antenna exhibits an impressive impedance bandwidth of 9.6 GHz (146.68%), spanning from 1.99 GHz to 11.56 GHz. Furthermore, the simulated UWB circular monopole antenna exhibits omnidirectional radiation characteristics, boasting a peak gain of 8 dB, and a directivity of 8.2 dBi at the frequency of 5 GHz, and a remarkable radiation efficiency of 97%. With these attributes, the suggested monopole UWB antenna shows significant potential for ground penetrating radar (GPR) applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kernel density estimation is a widely used nonparametric method for estimating the probability density functions of observed data. The efficiency of the kernel method is significantly influenced by the choice of the kernel function and other statistical properties such as its roughness and variance. This study investigated the new beta polynomial family's efficiency and compared the efficiency values with the classic beta kernel family. The roughness and variance of the new core functions were determined to calculate the efficiency values. The numerical values of the efficiency of the classic beta family and the new family were determined and compared for univariate and bivariate kernel functions. The results of the study showed that the new beta family has higher efficiency values compared to the classic beta family. The higher efficiency of the proposed beta family is due to their coefficients being larger than the classic kernel functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are an emerging field in the domain of healthcare which are typically composed of biomedical sensors. These sensors are implanted inside or attached to the human body for monitoring a patient's condition and providing accurate treatment to patients. In WBANs, energy efficiency is a critical concern due to the restricted battery capacity of the sensors. Extending the network lifetime and reducing the energy consumption of these sensor nodes can significantly impact the reliability and effectiveness of WBANs in monitoring patients' health. An efficient routing protocol based on energy-related parameters is crucial in designing these networks. Although many routing protocols have been proposed for routing in WBANs, sufficient features have not been properly handled in these methods. To overcome these issues, a novel routing protocol named Simple Energy Efficient and Bandwidth Aware (SEBA) routing protocol is proposed for routing in WBANs. The proposed scheme considers multiple metrics of the network node, such as remaining energy, energy harvesting, draining rate energy, available bandwidth, and number of hops in a route selection to minimize energy consumption, increase network lifetimes, and enhance the reliability of data transmission in WBANs. Additionally, the SEBA uses a novel mechanism to change the route dynamically based on energy consumption. This mechanism plays a significant role in reducing the number of route errors, route discoveries, and distributing energy consumption among sensor nodes. The experimental results reveal that the proposed scheme performs well in terms of average network throughput, packet delivery ratio, normalized routing load, average end-to-end delay, energy consumption, and network lifetime compared with the existing AMCRP, EEMP, and EAR protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an elliptical-shaped multi-orbital truncated patch antenna applicable forsub-6 GHz bands. The sub-6 GHz bands cover 5.8 GHz high-speed wireless communication. The antenna is designed on a Poly Dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate. PDMS is used for designing the proposed antenna. It is a flexible substrate with a dielectric constant εr value of 2.7 and a loss tangent tan δ value of 0.022. The substrate dimension is 20x15x1.6 mm3in which a patch is created with the size of 12.5x13 mm2. The proposed antenna resonates at 6.2 GHz showing a reflection coefficient (s11) value of -37 dB. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 1.225 GHz in the range of 5.5-6.725 GHz frequency, and the maximum peak gain is about 3.5 dB. The proposed antenna is simulated, fabricated, and experimentally tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sub-byte quantization on popular vector ISAs suffers from heavy waste of vector as well as memory bandwidth. The latest methods pack a number of quantized data in one vector, but have to pad them with empty bits to avoid overflow to neighbours. We remove even these empty bits and provide full utilization of the vector and memory bandwidth by our data-layout/compute co-design scheme. We implemented FullPack on TFLite for Vector-Matrix multiplication and showed up to $6.7\times$ 6. 7 × speedup, $2.75\times$ 2. 75 × on average on single layers, which translated to $1.56-2.11\times$ 1. 56 - 2. 11 × end-to-end speedup on DeepSpeech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acoustically actuated nanomechanical magnetoelectric (ME) antennas represent a promising new technology that can significantly reduce antenna size by 1–2 orders of magnitude compared to traditional antennas. However, current ME antennas face challenges such as low antenna gain and narrow operating bandwidth, limiting their engineering applications. In this paper, we enhance the bandwidth and radiation performance of ME antennas through structural optimization, leveraging theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. Our findings indicate that optimizing the inner diameter of the ring-shaped ME antenna can elevate the average stress of the magnetic layer, leading to improved radiation performance and bandwidth compared to circular ME antennas. We establish an optimization model for the radiation performance of the ME antenna and conduct shape optimization simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics. The results of the Multiphysics field optimization align with the stress concentration theory, demonstrating a strong correlation between the radiation performance and bandwidth of the ME antenna with the average stress of the magnetic film. The resonant frequency in the thickness vibration mode is determined to be 170 MHz. Furthermore, shape optimization can enhance the bandwidth by up to 104% compared to circular ME antenna structures of the same size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new cloud-shaped fractal patch antenna with compact dimensions of 15 mm × 15 mm (0.85 g × 0.85 g) that will help achieve a wide bandwidth of up to 11.3 GHz. Here, g represents the operating wavelength specified at the lower frequency (9.01 GHz) of the obtained band. Additionally, the lower frequency (Lf) variability within the obtained band is estimated using the characteristic mode analysis (CMA) technique at each iteration of the proposed fractal antenna. The simulated design demonstrates its potential application in the X, Ku, and K bands, making it suitable for various applications, including satellite communication and military use. The antenna employs Kapton polyimide as the substrate, with a dielectric constant of 3.5 and a thickness of 0.11 mm. The simulated-10 dB antenna exhibits peak gains of 4 dBi and 5 dBi. The radiation pattern and antenna efficiency are also analysed. All simulations are conducted using the FEKO simulator software. The antenna is fabricated and measured for verification, with the experimental results showing a satisfactory agreement with the simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid progress in the field of wireless communication, the demand for antenna with miniature size and light weight becomes a necessary requirement in today's world. Most suitable antenna in this category is "Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA)". In this paper parametric analysis of MPA design structure as per footprint equations, Substrate material, Feeding Techniques and Design parameters are analyzed keeping in view of various Vedic shapes. SSMPA has been recently developed by the researchers which has exhibited improved radiation properties with improved polarization. The design of the SSMPA has been taken from a holy sign in Hindu mythology and has exhibited enhancement in the bandwidth of an MPA. The slots of the SSMPA help in modifying the surface current distribution of the patch. The shape basically helps the charge particles in accelerating and decelerating, which improves the bandwidth and radiation characteristics. Antenna parameters like "Gain, S11 (Return Loss), Bandwidth, Directivity, VSWR" are to be compared for various designs respect to wireless applications. This paper looks at the Swastika and other Vedic shaped MPA and the various advantages of its usage for wireless applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design, development, and performance evaluation of a compact wideband phased array active helical antenna for monitoring HF interference. Traditional multi-element HF antenna designs are often subjected to size restrictions. The front-to-back ratio of the proposed circularly polarized phased array exceeds 20 dB across the operating range. This array enables the simultaneous monitoring of vertically and horizontally polarized signals, offering a practical alternative to larger antennas, particularly in space-constrained scenarios. Through advanced low-noise amplifier design, efficiency and bandwidth are optimized while mitigating mutual coupling effects. Optimal beamformer design enhances array performance with respect to more traditional array design approaches. The test results verify exceptional performance with an average axial ratio of 2 dB and a high front-to-back ratio beyond the desired frequency range. This study offers valuable insights into the design and deployment of compact wideband phased array antennas, providing an effective solution for monitoring HF interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optimization of photoluminescence (PL) spectral bandwidths in InP‐based colloidal quantum dots (QDs) faces limitations with traditional synthetic methods. This study introduces a novel approach utilizing light‐induced thiolate ligand detachment to selectively precipitate QDs within an ensemble, triggered by photons whose energy matches the red tail of the band‐edge absorption peak. We demonstrate that incorporating benzoquinone as an electron acceptor under inert conditions crucially enhances the efficiency of photoexcited hole‐induced ligand detachment. Through careful optimization of laser exposure conditions, we successfully narrowed the PL bandwidth of InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs from 39 to 35 nm. Our findings offer significant insights into the development of high‐performance QD‐based displays, promising advancements in color purity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network traffic and load are only expected to increase. Data is lost while being sent between nodes and devices as a result of traffic congestion at bottlenecks. WLANs are becoming the go-to technology for access in hotspot locations, workplaces, and residences. A station in a wireless local area network may be able to connect to several access points (APs). So, deciding which AP is "optimum" from a selection of potential candidates is a pertinent question. The user merely associates the AP with the strongest received signal strength while using IEEE 802.11. But this could lead to a substantial load imbalance among a number of APs. With only a minor modification to the load distribution mechanism, adopting load balancing can improve efficiency and utilization in addition to reducing processing delays. To increase the effectiveness of the WLAN, we provide a dynamic load balancing strategy in this paper. The network and user overhead will be reduced by the suggested dynamic strategy. The suggested method utilizes network load and throughput as performance criteria for performing load balancing. The method's viability is checked using Riverbed Modeller Simulator. The experimental findings validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique in enhancing network throughput and reducing access point congestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel bandwidth‐reduced display interface technique using adaptive sub‐color optimization with DCT (AS‐DCT) has been proposed to be able to lower both implementation cost and power consumption with visually lossless image quality for high resolution display products. A DCT conversion is applied to 1‐D line pixel data, and 50% of the redundant data has been compressed adaptively based on both sub‐color priority and the distribution of AC data components. A PSNR of about 45.86dB level was achieved for a given set of test images, and it was implemented using RTL coding in a FPGA to verify image quality and logic size level on an actual display system. Through the proposed technique, it is expected that it can easily reduce display data bandwidth without latency and lower its implementation cost for future display devices, such as 8K/16K resolutions, 240Hz/480Hz refresh rates, immersive AR/VR, Light field displays and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relentless growth of wireless networks coupled with the burgeoning demand for dynamic resource allocation has spurred research into innovative solutions. This paper presents an evaluation of Cloud-based Dynamic Network Scaling and Slicing (CDNSS) as a promising approach to meet the evolving demands of wireless networks. By leveraging cloud infrastructure and slicing techniques, CDNSS offers the flexibility to dynamically scale resources and allocate network slices tailored to diverse service requirements. The evaluation encompasses the performance of CDNSS in terms of scalability, resource utilisation and Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning. Through extensive simulations and analyses, the efficacy of CDNSS in addressing the challenges of resource management and service differentiation in wireless networks is demonstrated. The findings underscore the potential of CDNSS as a pivotal technology to enhance the efficiency and adaptability of wireless network architectures in the era of dynamic connectivity demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of 6G communication systems has enabled, through integrated sensing and communications (ISAC), the vision of the intelligent connection of everything. Since such ISAC systems will be utilizing the sub-6-GHz and millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands, appropriate hybrid, i.e., sensing and communication channel models, are required for their proper operation. This article first presents a comprehensive survey of channel models used in ISAC applications viewed from different modeling perspectives by identifying the challenges encountered in these modeling approaches. A novel hybrid approach for ISAC channel modeling is then introduced wherein the modeling methodology is partitioned into three elements: targets, clutters, and interferences. The advantage of such a flexible modeling approach using these three elements enhances the proposed model’s ability to effectively deal with the specific sensing and communication operational requirements. Finally, further performance enhancement methods, based upon real-time 3D environment reconstruction techniques as well as artificial intelligence (AI), are proposed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter introduces a straightforward method for designing a tri-band bandpass filter using a loaded symmetrical dual-step impedance resonator (D-SIR) structure, augmented by multiple open and short circuit stubs. The resulting filter operates at 2.2, 7.9, and 14.1 GHz, showcasing high-band selectivity. Experimental measurements confirm six transmission zeros and six transmission poles across the passbands, yielding fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 42.6%, 63.8%, and 27.9%. Particularly noteworthy is the broader upper stopband rejection, enhancing the filter’s overall performance. The design achieves impressive performance metrics, with minimal insertion loss (IL) of 0.71, 0.87, and 0.76 dB, accompanied by substantial return loss (RL) of 23, 18, and 13.8 dB across the three passbands. Furthermore, the fabricated design have a compact size of ($0.20\times 0.15$) $\lambda _{g}$ on a Rogers Duroid RT/5880 substrate. Remarkable agreement between measured and simulated results underscores its viability for Internet of Things-based communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent GPUs provisioned with large register files (RFs) cannot fully utilize the bandwidth between the RFs and execution pipelines, as the current policy for allocating operand (OP) collectors defers the RF accesses until all the source OPs become ready. To tackle this issue, this letter introduces a new OP collector allocation mechanism called Triple-A. Triple-A comprises four key operations. First, Triple-A proactively allocates an OP collector (OC) to a warp instruction even if one of its source OPs is not yet ready, taking advantage of GPUs’ in-order execution. Second, a computation result can be directly forwarded to an early allocated OC along with a data dependence, reducing OP loading time from the RFs. Third, Triple-A bypasses RF write operations if the forwarded data is not consumed by any other instruction. Finally, the early allocation is further enhanced with latency-aware optimization, alleviating the potential performance degradation caused by allocating OCs aggressively. Together, these techniques synergistically improve the register bank utilization, demonstrating a 14.1% improvement in performance and an 11.8% reduction in RF energy consumption compared to the state-of-the-art GPUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) is widely recognized as a ceramic in high demand across various microwave applications. Furthermore, blending dielectric materials with ZnAl2O4 has demonstrated improvements in its dielectric properties, offering promising potential for advancing microstrip patch antenna technology. This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of a sol-gel composite nanoparticle consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) for use in a microstrip patch antenna designed for X-band applications. The composite nanoparticle, with a molecular composition of xTiO2(1-x)ZnAl2O4 where x = 8 %, was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealing dominant peaks corresponding to ZnAl2O4 and TiO2 with a calculated crystallite size of 16.9 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to assess functional groups, morphology, and elemental composition of the nanoparticles. The dielectric properties of the nanoparticles, characterized by a dielectric permittivity of 20.2 and a dielectric loss of 0.19, were measured using an LCR meter. These nanoparticles were utilized to fabricate a prototype patch antenna, exhibiting promising performance in both simulated and measured results. The fabricated patch antenna operated at 8.51/8.49 GHz with a return loss (RL) of − 25.94/−19.97 dB, featuring an enhanced bandwidth of 2.62/2.87 GHz and a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) below 2. Additionally, the antenna demonstrated a gain of 2.14, directivity of 3.58, and radiation efficiency of 59.7 %, making it suitable for X-band applications.

A multi-band antenna is proposed for terrestrial applications above 5 GHz. The design includes one director element, three split ring resonators (SRR), and a printed patch antenna on a FR4 substrate to make the miniature structure. The novelty is the addition of “C” split rings and one identical stub linked to the partial ground into the radiating element, which improves impedance matching and radiation characteristics across the target bands. The prototype is designed with five distinct resonance frequencies and radiation patterns compared to those produced by the patch, the director and resonators are added. Return loss simulation results and measured radiation pattern findings are validated and analyzed. The antenna produces a gain of 7.84 dB, overall efficiency of 84.76 %, and a VSWR of 1.8 at 7 GHz frequency, which is achieved due to the peculiar features of the FR4 and it is highly suitable for traditional communication. VSWR, gain, and radiation efficiency are all higher on this antenna than they are on a typical multiband antenna. At 20 GHz, the designed antenna band is efficient to operate with five dissimilar resonant frequency bands, pinpointed at 7.224 GHz, 10.723 GHz, 13.808 GHz, 17.014 GHz and 19.549 GHz through different impedance bandwidths.