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Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article discusses the absolute chronology of burials from the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC discovered under the mounds of three barrows in the Kordyshiv cemetery in western Ukraine. Its aim is to create a chronological model of the burials by modeling 27 AMS 14C dates obtained from 21 individuals buried in single and collective graves. Dietary analysis of stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values are presented. The Bayesian modeling of the 14C dates from the three Kordyshiv barrows revealed the extremely important role of these monuments as long-term objects used for ritual purposes. At the end of the 3rd millennium BC, the epi-Corded Ware Culture (epi-CWC) community erected a mound over the central burial in Barrow 2, then interred the graves of three additional deceased. After several hundred years Barrow 2 was reused by Komarów Culture (KC) communities from the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) who interred their deceased in the existing mound. The oldest monument with MBA burials was Barrow 3, in which the dead were buried in a two-stage sequence before and after the mid-2nd millennium BC. The youngest dated grave was Burial 1 in Barrow 1, comprising a collective burial that was interred between 1400 and 1200 BC. The additional analyses of carbon and nitrogen isotopes show significant differences in the diet of epi-CWC individuals buried in Barrow 2 from the individuals representing the KC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Farmgate balances are used as a tool for monitoring nutrient surpluses at farm level. In Germany, preparation of farmgate balances is legally mandatory and also requires data on chemical body composition, especially concentration of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), of farm animals. It is well known that increased N and P efficiency results in lowered N and P excretions with the manure and therefore mitigates negative consequences of high N and P release into the environment (e.g. eutrophication of surface waters), especially in areas with high livestock density. In this context, feeding N- and P-reduced diets can be a strategy for increasing N and P efficiency in fattening pigs. To investigate the influence of N- and P-reduced diets on chemical body composition of barrows and to update current used data basis, 8 barrows were slaughtered after a balance trial and their bodies were subjected to full body analysis. During the balance trial, pigs received the control diet (CON) meeting common nutrient requirements or the N- and P-reduced diet (NPred) in a three-phased feeding regimen (n = 4/diet, 3 weeks/phase). Pigs were slaughtered with an average live weight (LW) of 123.3 ± 7.5 kg and carcasses were manually dissected in four fractions. Fractions were analysed for nutrient concentration. Furthermore, organs were weighed individually and blood serum was sampled during exsanguination. Serum samples were analysed for clinical-chemical traits. Chemical body composition did not significantly differ between NPred- and CON-fed pigs. N concentration was 23.3 ± 0.3 and 24.5 ± 1.0 g/kg, P concentration was 5.2 ± 0.1 and 5.5 ± 0.4 g/kg in the empty body of NPred- and CON-fed pigs (p = 0.073, 0.164). N and P retention between the experiment's start and slaughter did not differ between the feeding groups (p = 0.641, 0.240). Variables related to liver integrity, energy metabolism and electrolytes were similar between CON- and NPred-fed pigs. Traits related to protein metabolism showed significantly reduced concentrations of urea and albumin in NPred-fed pigs (p = 0.013, 0.025), but no hypoalbuminaemia. Results suggest that N- and P-reduced feeding does not significantly affect chemical body composition of contemporary barrows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Публикация посвящена материалам эпохи поздней бронзы, обнаруженным в курганах группы «Плавни» у с. Глиное Слободзейского района, расположенных в бассейне р. Красная на левобережье Нижнего Днестра. В двух курганах было зафиксировано 18 погребений позднего бронзового века. Исследованные погребальные комплексы могут быть отнесены к днепро-прутской бабинской, сабатиновской и белозёрской культурам. Представленные материалы позволяют говорить о преемственности погребальных традиций в регионе на протяжении всей эпохи поздней бронзы. Среди находок наибольший интерес представляют шайбовидные бусины, изготовленные из позвонков крупных рыб и происходящие из погребения сабатиновского времени.

The dataset contains the records of vascular plant species occurrences and distribution on Ukrainian kurgans (burial mounds, barrows), located in various zones of steppe vegetation: desert steppe, grass steppe, herb-rich grass steppe and forest steppe. Much of the studied kurgans belongs to the territory historically known as the “Wild Fields”. Besides the occurrence data, the publication presents a comparison of the floristic richness amongst five microhabitats distinguished on kurgans (top, northern slope, northern bottom, southern slope, and southern bottom) and amongst kurgans located in different steppe zones. The oOriginal publication includes 721 species of vascular plants) within four4 vegetation zone (desert steppe, grass steppe, herb-rich grass steppe and forest steppe). The report shows also sozological value of kurgans in southern Ukraine, as they play a role of steppe habitat islands in a landscape almost completely transformed to arable land. The obtained flora inventory was analyszed in various aspects. This occurrence dataset is the first public record of species from kurgans in Ukraine.This is the first occurrence dataset from kurgans in Ukraine. The dataset includes 28,456 occurrences of vascular plants recorded in the years 2004-2009 on Ukrainian kurgans. The dataset includes information about 1446 occurrences of rare species on kurgans (69 species). It contains information on the kurgan flora within four vegetation zone (desert steppe, grass steppe, herb-rich grass steppe and forest steppe) on the area ca. 32000 km2. Of the approximately 450 mounds visited, the ones with the best preserved vegetation cover were selected. For each of 106 investigated mounds, floristic lists from five microhabitats were compiled - 530 lists in total.

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The paper deals with the materials of the Late Bronze Age found in the barrows of the groups “DOT”, “Garden” and “Sluiceway” near the Glinoe village, Slobodzeya district, located in the Krasnaya River basin on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. 25 graves of the Late Bronze Age were discovered in 8 mounds. The investigated burials can be attributed to the Dnieper-Prut Babino culture and Sabatinovka culture. Contacts with the cultures of the Right-bank forest-steppe of the Middle-Late and Late Bronze Age are traced.

The paper publishes for the first time the Scythian graves from barrow 14 of the “Sluiceway” (“Vodovod”) group, which was studied near the Glinoe village, Slobodzeya district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester in 2018. The scientific data obtained during the study of this mound allow us to pay special attention to some elements of the funerary rite such as placing objects on the grave covering and under the body of the buried. The graves contained tools (a knife, an awl, needles, a whorl, a whetstone), a mirror and two toilet vessels (blackglazed and handmade), vessels (blackglazed kantharos and a saltcellar, a handmade pot), numerous adornments (necklace of beads, bracelets of beads, a bronze bracelet, mollusk shells, bronze finger rings, three chains of bronze rings), as well as cult objects (pieces of ocher, a dog's tooth, two pebbles, a stone slab with traces of soot and a large set of astragali). Barrow 14 of the "Sluiceway" group dates to the second quarter of the 4th c. BCE on the basis of blackglazed vessels.

The article presents materials of the Kubey kurgan cemetery in the North-West Black Sea region which is dated to the late Eneolithic. The most ancient graves of the cemetery stratigraphically and chronologically can be divided in three successive horizons. According to kurgan architecture, burial rite and inventory primary burials can be attributed to the Cernavoda I culture of the late Eneolithic. Secondary graves in the kurgans can be assigned to the Zhivotilovka type and to the group of graves with extended skeletons. The most ancient graves of the Kubey cemetery obviously support an idea that the territory of the North-West Black Sea region can be included in the area of the Cernavoda I culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tyragetia is the property of National Museum of History of Moldova and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the typological characteristics of the nomadic burials of the Golden Horde, interpreted as Muslim. The burial grounds located in the depths of the Steppe at a distance from the urban centers of the Golden Horde were taken as a source base. This approach allows the authors to consider the genesis and evolution of the Islamic funeral rite among nomads without taking into account the influence of urban Islam on this process or through the prism of its minimal impact. On the example of the Linevsky burial mound in the Southern Cis-Urals, it is shown that the signs of the Islamic rite, characteristic of urban and suburban burial grounds, are present among the nomads, but mainly in the form of separate reminiscences.

The relevance of the study of archaeological sites of residence – a Bronze Age settlement in the Volga-Manych steppes – lies in the fact that in Russian science the place of residence has not been studied and studies on them have been published in small quantities, in contrast to funerary monuments-barrows. The main reason for this “inattention” on the part of scientists lies in the small size of these settlements, which is why they are usually referred to as “seasonal camps of mobile cattle breeders” rather than permanent dwellings. Nevertheless, a targeted search for settlements of the Bronze and Early Iron Age on the territory of our country was conducted and is being carried out by many archaeologists, including the author of this study. During excavations in the Volga-Manych steppes, hundreds of places of residence or sites were discovered. One of them is a settlement found in 1976 by E.V. Schneidstein on the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia, on the shore of Lake Zakhanata. Additional studies of the archaeological site, conducted by us in 2002, showed that there are two settlements of the carcass culture. In this article, we continued a detailed study of this unique cultural monument located in the Kalmyk steppe. The materials of the study allowed us to identify the general and special features of settlements in the Bronze Age in the Volga region as part of the steppes from the Carpathians to the Urals, to determine the type of farms of the tribes inhabiting this area, contributed to the formation of a more or less clear idea of the cultural and historical processes taking place on the territory in the historical period.

In order to study the effect of sex and pre-slaughter weight on the performance of Irish Landrace pig carcasses, 400 pigs with equal number of barrows and gilts were selected and fattened. After fattening, the pigs were divided into two groups according to sex. Then, 20 gilts were selected using weighing into 4 groups with a pre-slaughter weight 90 kg, 100 kg, 110 kg and 120 kg. Similarly, 20 barrows were divided for 4 groups with same pre-slaughter weight 90 kg, 100 kg, 110 kg and 120 kg. All gilts and barrows from eight experimental groups were slaughtered and their carcasses were measured and then sampled to determine slaughter parameters. It was found that in general, gilts had higher carcass weight at pre-slaughter weight 90, 110 and 120 kg, higher chilled carcass weight at preslaughter weight 120 kg, higher carcass length and length of bacon halves at pre-slaughter weight 120 kg, higher thickness of longest back muscle and meat content at pre-slaughter weight 100 kg. Barrows had a higher fat thickness above the 6-7 thoracic vertebrae, the fat thickness in the buttocks, the fat thickness in the withers at preslaughter weight 100 kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper publishes for the first time the results of excavations of Scythian barrow 13 of the “Sluiceway” (“Vodovod”) group, which was studied near the Glinoe village, Slobodzeya district, on the left bank of the Lower Dniester in 2018. The scientific data obtained during the study of this mound allow us to pay special attention to some elements of the funerary rite such as the arrangement of ritual pits, the internments of dogs, the unusual placement of arrowheads in the grave, the arrangement of earthen “beds” and “cushions”. The burials contained weapons (arrowheads, spearheads and spear ends), tools (knives), vessel (a wooden bowl) and jewelry (a necklace made of glass beads). Barrow 13 of the “Sluiceway” group dates to the second half of the 4th century BCE on the basis of bronze arrowheads.

The paper contains the results of research in two burial grounds of the Late Bronze Age in the Volga-Kama region according to excavations conducted by A.Kh. Khalikov in 1958 and 1962. They were the Maklasheevka barrows “on the descent” and Deukovо I burial ground at the Deukovo I settlement. Over the previous years, despite a series of mentions in special publications, the materials from these burial grounds have not been fully published. Therefore, often diametrically opposite viewpoints there are in the literature concerning the cultural and chronological attribution of these necropolises. The author makes the first most complete publication of materials from these burial grounds, and addresses the burial rite and accompanying ceramic material. Using the analogy approach, the author makes a conclusion that the necropolises are correlated with the antiquities of the Lugovskaya culture, with a strong influence of the traditions of the Cherkaskul culture on the funerary practices of the Maklasheevsky barrows in the uphill area. The operation period of the the Maklasheevka barrows “on the descent” and the Deukovo I burial ground, in the absence of radiocarbon dates, is determined by the entire chronological interval of the existence of the Lugovskaya culture and can be attributed to the 17th–15th centuries BC.

The article contains brief information on the creative life and results of studies by Maria Alexandrovna Ochir-Goryaeva, Research Associate of the Prehistory Archaeology Department, Doctor of Historical Sciences and renowned specialist in the field of the archaeology of nomads of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Eurasia. She is the author of five monographs and over 170 scientific publications. She has been awarded the honorary titles of “Honored Worker of Science of the Republic of Kalmykia”, and “Corresponding Member of the German Archaeological Institute”. M.A. Ochir-Goryaeva has been a grant holder of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, she has managed international scientific projects, and is presently conducting studies of Bashanta medieval archaeological complex in the Lower Volga region within the framework of a joint expedition of the Kalmyk Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Khalikov of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences.

Boar rearing, which avoids pain and suffering caused by surgical castration, provides better performance, a greater deposition of muscle tissue and leaner carcasses and thus has beneficial effects on both animal welfare and the product. Some countries that do not slaughter boars must consider their boar taint and aggressive and sexual behaviours. Considering that pigs are housed in large groups, which may complicate the formation of social hierarchies and increase fighting and mounting behaviours, some studies have conducted research with reduced numbers of pigs per pen, but these behaviours continued to be observed. However, a study of the reproductive status of pair-housed male pigs has yet to be reported. The aim of this study was to determine whether the reproductive status of uncastrated, immunocastrated and surgically castrated pair-housed male pigs alters their natural, agonistic and sexual behaviours. A total of 48 male pigs from Agroceres PIC™ genetics were assigned to three groups: surgically castrated (barrows), immunocastrated and uncastrated (boars). Natural, aggressive and sexual behaviours of the pigs were assessed by direct observations during four periods of 12 h each (six, five and three weeks before slaughter and the slaughter week). The pigs were housed in pairs from the growing phase until slaughter. Animal behaviour was observed from the finishing phase to slaughter. Carcass lesions were assessed according to five different classes (one: no injury; two to five: severely injured). Overall, boars spent more time lying and less time eating and drinking than barrows. In total of all the periods (48 h), boars expressed more aggressive and sexual behaviours than barrows, whereas immunocastrated pigs displayed similar behaviours to boars, before and after the second vaccine dose. No differences in carcass lesions between treatments and no prevalence of carcasses with severe injuries were observed. In conclusion, the reproductive status of pair-housed male pigs did not change the natural behaviour of boars, immunocastrated pigs or barrows. The agonistic and sexual behaviours of boars and barrows remained unchanged. When housing pigs in pairs, immunocastrated pigs presented similar agonistic and sexual behaviours to boars before and after the second immunocastration vaccine dose. The use of pair-housed uncastrated male pigs has generated welfare benefits for these animals, as the number of carcasses with injuries did not differ from barrows and immunocastrated pigs.

The paper is devoted to the description of horse forehead pieces, which were used by the nomads of the Southern Urals in the 6th – 4th centuries BC for protecting the horse’s head and / or decorating bridle. The research is based on the analysis of sample consisting of 47 finds. The author proposes the typology of the items under consideration, characterizes the types of lamellar forehead pieces with and without zoomorphic images, rodlike and rod-lamellar forehead pieces, forehead pieces in the form of zoomorphic images, representing a round sculpture. All the finds are divided into two chronological groups. The first group includes forehead pieces, which were part of horse equipment mainly at the end of the 6th – 5th centuries BC. This period was charactized by the prevalence of forehead pieces in the form of fairly large trapezoidal or subrectangular plates depicting the heads of prey birds in profile on one or both short sides. The second group unites the items referring to the end of the 5th –4th centuries BC. The most common type in this period is represented with forehead pieces in the form of a rod, the upper part of which is bent as a loop and ends with a spherical thickening, and the lower part is loose in the form of an elongated plate. A significant difference in the nomenclature of the two chronological groups of the horse forehead pieces has been revealed. This was probably due to the ethnocultural changes that took place in the nomadic society of the Southern Urals in the late 5th and early 4th centuries BC, including those in the nature and direction of external relations.

The article is devoted to the barrows located on the cape up to 45 km long, formed by the valleys of the Yagorlyk and Sukhoy Yagorlyk rivers, which merge at the left bank of the Dniester. These burial mounds were mentioned and even sketched by J.A. Münz (1781), and then described and mapped by A.K. Meyer and F.P. de Volan (1791). In total, in this local region topographers and archaeologists have noted up to 120 mounds reaching a height of 8-9 m. Most of them are spread along the top of the watershed, some groups are arranged in two parallel lines, a number of chains are oriented across the general line. In general, they mark the site of the ancient trade route, along which it was possible travelling from the Dniester northward to the forest-steppe, eastward to the Dnieper region and in the southeast direction to the mouth of the Bug and to the Black Sea.

Objective An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different diet formulations: F1 (Two complicated basal diets containing different crude protein levels plus tested feedstuff) vs F2 (A simple corn soybean meal [SBM] basal diet plus tested feedstuff) combined with total collection (TC) or chromic oxide (Cr2O3) marker or acid-insoluble ash (AIA) marker method, and freeze-dry or oven-dry (OD) technique on estimation of nutrient digestibility in diets fed to growing pigs. Methods In F1, twelve barrows were allocated to two 6×4 Youden Squares. The treatment diets included a high protein basal (HPB) diet, a low protein basal (LPB) diet, a corn diet and a wheat bran (WB) diet formulated based on the HPB diet, and a SBM diet and a rapeseed meal (RSM) diet formulated based on the LPB diet. In F2, eight barrows were allocated to two 4×4 Latin Squares. The treatment diets included a corn basal diet, a SBM basal diet formulated based on the corn diet, and a WB diet and a RSM diet formulated based on the SBM diet. Results Concentration of digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME), and the apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, ash, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre determined by Cr2O3 marker method were greater than those determined by TC and AIA marker methods in HPB, LPB, and RSM diets formulated by F1 and in corn diet formulated by F2 (p

The paper raises the question of a separate group of barrow burials following the classical Late Sarmatian culture in the Middle Don region. The recently excavated sites include a T-shaped catacomb discovered on the right bank of the Don River (Losevo). Most likely, it belonged to a Tanais Alan who survived the Hunnic massacre and moved off to the north, to remote areas of the Don region not affected by the Hunnic invasion. On the left bank of the Don River (Berezovka), we have studied undercut burials synchronous to the catacomb from Losevo, with the rite and grave goods continuing the Late Sarmatian traditions (type of burial structure, northward orientation of buried people, artificial skull deformation, remnants of sacrificial food in the form of sheep and goat bones, etc.). The ceramic complex of these burials includes Late Sarmatian and Central Caucasian moulded and pottery ware. A warrior’s burial in barrow 9 near the village of Berezovka contained not only typical Late Sarmatian ceramics, but also coarse moulded ware most likely connected with more northern traditions. It could belong to the settled population of the Middle Khoper region that left the sites of the Inyasevo type. Both groups of burials contain some indicators (metal parts of horse harness, belt buckles, a Chernyakhov-type fibula) dating them back to the second half of the 4th – early 5th centuries AD. But at the same time they do not contain any specific features of the Hunnic culture. According to the traditional periodization, the above-mentioned complexes can be qualified as belonging to the final stage of the Late Sarmatian culture. However, we think that it is better to use such a definition as the ‘post-Sarmatian age’ (or ‘post- Sarmatian horizon’). The analyzed barrow burials were immediately antecedent to the Hunnic-age burial grounds of the first half of the 5th century AD in the Upper Don region (Zhivotinnoye, Ksizovo, Mukhino, etc.).

Copyright of Materiały Zachodniopomorskie: Annual Science Journal of National Museum in Szczecin is the property of Muzeum Narodowe w Szczecinie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the paper is to present funeral customs of communities that inhabited the Carpathian foothills of Vistula and San rivers basins at the Final Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age representing Corded Ware and Mierzanowice cultures in the light of new chronometric data. These radiocarbon data were obtained for barrows at site 3 in Średnia, Przemyśl district and Jawczyce, Wieliczka district site 1, mound 2. According to conducted investigations the earliest barrows in this region can be dated to the beginning of the 29th century BC. Then in the younger phase of the Corded Ware culture the exploitation of existing mound continued so subsequent graves were dug into the embankment. This burial rite lasted until the turn of the 24th and 23rd centuries BC so can be synchronised with the presence of niche graves to the north of Carpathian foothills. Afterwards during the Early Bronze Age starting at the 22nd century BC communities of the Mierzanowice culture also chose existing mounds as a place to bury their dead. Therefore one can conclude that in funeral rites of the Corded Ware and Mierzanowice cultures groups in the Carpathian foothills the barrow as the burial place of their ancestors played the main role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings in Archeology & History of Ancient & Medieval Black Sea Region is the property of Cimmeria Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Proceedings in Archeology & History of Ancient & Medieval Black Sea Region is the property of Cimmeria Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present work was planned to test the effects of 2 protein-oil rich ingredients which replaced an important part of classical soybean meal, on nitrogen (N) metabolism indicators. Simultaneous we aimed to assess performances, enteric methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted through manure. A balance test was conducted with 15 barrows, 36 ± 0.24 Kg initial body weight, assigned in three groups in metabolism cages: 1. SC diet based on a classical diet (soybean meal, 13%); 2. SP diet based on peas Tudor variety 16% that replace 49% of SM; 3. SPF diet containing 8% soybean meal, 12% peas and 4% linseed Lirina variety. Faecal and urine were quantitatively collected in two balance periods. A semiautomatic Kjeldahl method was used for assessing the N. The Spotchem EZ SP-4430 was used for determining plasma protein and urea nitrogen (BUN). The regression equations were used to determine N metabolism indicators, CO2 emitted and enteric CH4. An increase of 1.16 times of feed intake was noticed in the SP group compared to SC. The lipid intake was slightly higher in the SP fed group which contributed to an increase of energy intake compared to SC group (>1.17 times) and vs SPL fed group (>1.2 times). The average daily gain (ADG) decreased highly significant in the SP diet compared to the SC diet. Linseed adds in SPL diet contributed to obtaining performances closed to SC group. SP diets increased the N level slightly in faeces and urine. BUN concentration has a linear relation with urinary N. CO2 emitted represent 28-32% of CO2 exhalation. CO2 increased in the SP diet (P<0.10) due to the fact that HP value increased as well. No significant influence was noticed for CH4 estimated value, although a slight increase was observed in the SP diet. In conclusion, although certain N metabolism indicator was affected by peas diet, only a little part was significantly modified. An oil-rich ingredient such as linseed could successfully complement peas by diminishing its adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)