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Background and Aims: To study the relationships between different dietary factors (i.e., energy, macronutrient and fatty acid intake, food group consumption, and dietary pattern) and basal fat oxidation (BFox) and maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) in sedentary adults.Method and Results: A total of 212 (n = 130 women; 32.4 ± 15.1 years) sedentary healthy adults took part in the present study. Information on the different dietary factors examined was gathered through a food frequency questionnaire and three nonconsecutive 24 h recalls. Energy and macronutrient intakes and food consumption were then estimated and dietary patterns calculated. BFox and MFO were measured by indirect calorimetry following standard procedures. Our study shows that dietary fiber intake was positively associated with BFox after taking into consideration the age, sex, and energy intake. A significant positive association between nut consumption and BFox was observed, which became nonsignificant after taking into consideration the age and energy intake. Fat intake and the dietary quality index (DQI), and the DQI for the Mediterranean diet were positively associated with MFO, which was attenuated after taking sex, age, and energy intake into consideration.Conclusion: A higher dietary fiber intake and fat intake are associated with higher BFox and MFO, respectively, in sedentary adults.Clinical Trials: ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT02365129 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02365129) & ID: NCT03334357 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03334357). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

S-klotho, the shed form of α-klotho, is thought to be an ageing suppressor with functions related to the physiology of energy metabolism. However, it remains unknown whether ageing biomarkers such as S-klotho and/or chronological ageing are associated in any way with basal metabolic rate (BMR) and fuel oxidation in basal conditions and during exercise. The present work investigates the association of BMR and fuel oxidation in basal conditions and during exercise, with plasma S-klotho in middle-aged, sedentary adults. BMR was measured by indirect calorimetry in 74 such subjects (53% women; age 53.7±5.1 years) following standard procedures, and their fuel oxidation estimated via stoichiometric equations. The maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) and the intensity of exercise that elicits MFO (Fat max ) were determined using a walking graded exercise test. No relationship was seen between BMR and plasma S-klotho (P>0.1), although both basal fat oxidation and MFO showed positive associations with this protein (both P<0.001); these relationships persisted after controlling for age, sex and fat mass. However, no significant associations were seen between BMR, basal fat oxidation or MFO and chronological age (all P>0.1). The present findings suggest that basal fat oxidation and MFO are strongly associated with plasma S-klotho in middle-aged sedentary adults. These results support the idea that metabolic flexibility is a powerful predictor of biological ageing.