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Numerous studies indicate biochar's nitrogen (N) adsorption capacity plays a crucial role in soil N retention. However, there is limited understanding on inorganic N adsorption mechanisms in biochar derived from aquatic weeds such as water hyacinth (WH). This study investigated ammonium-N (NH4+-N) and nitrate-N (NO3–-N) adsorption capacities and mechanisms of WH biochar pyrolyzed at different pyrolysis temperatures of 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C (BC400, BC600, and BC800, respectively). Results showed NH4+-N adsorption was maximized (1.07–1.09 mg g–1) with BC400 at initial solution pH 7.0–9.0, while NO3−-N adsorption peaked (0.80 mg g–1) with BC800 at initial solution pH 5.0. Both NH4+-N and NO3–-N followed well the Pseudo-second-order model in adsorption kinetics (R2 = 0.990–0.997 and 0.962–0.992, respectively). The Sips model accurately described the adsorption isotherms for NH4+-N (R2 = 0.994–0.999) and NO3–-N (R2 = 0.992–0.999). The calculated maximum adsorption capacity for NH4+-N and NO3–-N using Sips model was 11.2–16.8 mg g–1 and 0.693–4.99 mg g–1, respectively. Co-existing cations and anions reduced NH4+-N and NO3–-N adsorption capacity, respectively, with other ions with higher valence exhibiting higher inhibition effects (43%–97% and 44%–73%, respectively). Primary adsorption mechanism for NH4+-N included cation exchange via oxygen-containing surface functional groups in BC400 and pore filling and surface struvite precipitation in BC800. Major adsorption mechanisms for NO3–-N included electrostatic interactions in BC400 and pore filling in BC800. These findings suggested that biochar derived from aquatic weeds possessed the same potential usefulness for soil N retention as biochar from other feedstocks, and that it might assist for further detailed considerations in other studies for biochar soil application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar is a useful bioproduct with a wide range of promising applications. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of pyrolysis temperatures on the physicochemical properties of biochar produced from pine wood using a slow pyrolysis methodology. Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis uncovered that the biochar synthesized at the different temperatures selected possessed distinct functional groups. The elemental analysis confirmed that an increase in pyrolysis temperature led to a rise in the carbon (C) concentration, whereas conversely there is a reciprocal decrease in the levels of oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H). Consequently, biochar produced at high temperatures showed low (O/C) and (H/C) fractions. Surface area (gas adsorption) studies indicated that the biochar surface area and pore volume increase at higher pyrolysis temperature. In contrast, the pore size was found to decrease at high temperatures. It was found that increased pyrolysis temperature resulted in reduced biochar yield. Biochar for use in specific applications like as an adsorbent material is ultimately influenced by the pyrolysis temperature. Therefore, it can be concluded that the results of the current study enhances the understanding on the effect of pyrolysis temperature on biochar synthesis and how different parameters can be used to tailor the material characteristics for specific applications.

Developing high-efficiency, high-stability, and low-cost deoxygenation and hydrocracking catalysts could be considered one of the most significant breakthroughs in catalytic hydroprocessing. The present study utilized aluminophosphate (AlPO4-18), a zeolite-like molecular sieve, as catalyst support for producing carbon-coated β-Mo2C, Ni3C, and WC nanoparticles. The synthesis used an incipient wetness impregnation followed by a temperature-programmed reduction-carburization approach which involved cracking a hydrocarbon gas, propane, in a hydrogen environment. The synthesis parameters were a 1:7 propane/hydrogen reductive-carburizing gas stream, 15 wt.% metal loading, an 800 °C carburization temperature ramped-up at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1, a 2-h holding time, and a 1-h holding time in hydrogen. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using thermogravimetry mass spectroscopy/temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO TG-MS), nitrogen physisorption at 77 K, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM EDS). TPO TG-MS, nitrogen physisorption, TEM, and XRD characterization results proved that atomic carbon was successfully incorporated into the lattice interstitials, resulting in thermally stable, well-dispersed, crystalline and mesoporous β-Mo2C/AlPO4-18, Ni3C/AlPO4-18, and WC/AlPO4-18 nanoparticles. XRD analysis showed structural evolution during reduction-carburization, with average crystallite sizes of metal-containing particles of 8.2–9.22, 6.64–8.50, and 6.03–7.56 nm for β-Mo2C/AlPO4-18, Ni3C/AlPO4-18, and WC/AlPO4-18, respectively. These values did not significantly deviate from high-resolution TEM analysis. The surface areas of the nanoparticles were categorized in decreasing order as WC/AlPO4-18 > Ni3C/AlPO4-18 > β-Mo2C/AlPO4-18, with values of 193.79, 169.05, and 66.57 m2 g−1, respectively. In conclusion, these carbon-coated metal carbide nanoparticles with excellent thermal, structural, microscopic, and textural properties can be viable alternatives to noble metal catalysts for producing bio-jet fuel using the hydroprocessing pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reinforce natural rubber latex foam, fumed silica and precipitated silica are introduced into latex foam prepared using the Dunlop process as fillers. Four types of silica, including Aerosil 200 (hydrophilic fumed silica), Reolosil DM30, Aerosil R972 (hydrophobic fumed silica), and Sipernat 22S (precipitated silica), are investigated. The latex foam with added silica presents better mechanical and physical properties compared with the non-silica foam. The hydrophobic nature of the fumed silica has better dispersion in natural rubber compared to hydrophilic silica. The specific surface area of silica particles (BET) also significantly influences the properties of the latex foam, with larger specific surface areas resulting in better dispersity in the rubber matrix. It was observed that exceeding 2 phr led to difficulties in the foaming process (bulking). Furthermore, higher loading of silica also affected the rubber foam, resulting in an increased shrinkage percentage, hardness, compression set, and crosslink density. The crosslink density increased from 11.0 ± 0.2 mol/cm3 for non-silica rubber to 11.6 ± 0.6 mol/cm3 for Reolosil DM30. Reolosil DM30 also had the highest hardness, with a hardness value of 52.0 ± 2.1 IRHD, compared to 45.0 ± 1.3 IRHD for non-silica foam rubber and 48 ± 2.4 IRHD for hydrophilic fumed silica Aerosil 200. Hydrophobic fumed silica also had the highest ability to return to its original shape, with a recovery percentage of 88.0% ± 3.5% compared to the other fumed silica. Overall, hydrophobic fumed silica had better results than hydrophilic silica in both fumed and precipitated silica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science & Engineering / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science & Literature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study focuses on optimizing the synthesis of ZnO/Kaolin nanoparticles and their application in adsorptive bleaching of palm oil. The reaction mechanism involves the dissolution of metal oxides (Fe2O3, Al2O3, CaO, MgO) from clay lattices using mineral acids, increasing the surface area and triggering ion exchange processes. The kaolin is beneficiated through crushing, washing, acid treatment, and drying, and then activated with ZnCl2. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are synthesized using Moringa leaf extract and zinc acetate, followed by the synthesis of ZnO/Kaolin composites using Central Composite Design (CCD) to optimize parameters like kaolin ratio, calcination temperature, and time. The composites are characterized by XRD, XRF, and BET surface area analysis. The bleaching efficiency is evaluated through absorbance and iodine value, with ANOVA analysis confirming the significance of dosage, temperature, and time. The optimized conditions identified are essential for maximizing the composite’s adsorptive efficiency in palm oil bleaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium is the property of Iron Steel Vanadium Titanium Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, saturated and superheated agents were used to produce activated carbon from red calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) hydrochar. Proximate, ultimate, XRD, FTIR, thermal gravity analyzer, and SEM were used to characterize the prepared activated carbon. Chemical pollutants, such as benzene, chloroform, methylene blue (MB), and iodine, were used to test the adsorption ability. The hydrothermal and activation procedures were conducted at 250 °C and 800 °C, respectively. The activation of superheated agents effectively increased the BET surface area compared to saturation and thermal methods alone. The BET surface areas were measured as 470, 759, and 766 m²/g for thermal, saturation, and superheated methods, respectively. The superheated method preserved tiny mesopores (2–10 nm), while saturation produced large mesopores (20–50 nm), and the thermal method was more favorable for macropore development (>50 nm). Analyses of the structure of superheated activated carbon (HC–SS) showed that the aromatic layer (Lc) was thinner, which led to pores that were smaller. The adsorption test confirmed the superiority of the superheated method. For the pollutant species benzene, chloroform, MB, and iodine, HC–SS exhibited adsorption abilities of 146, 240, 81, and 618 mg/g, respectively.

The study demonstrates a new method to create high‐purity mesoporous silica from coal fly ash without using structure‐directing agents. Divided into two stages, the process involves pre‐treating the ash with Na2CO3, calcination, cooling, washing, and drying to yield a dehydrated sample. Subsequently, silica synthesis occurs through an acid refluxing technique using thermally activated coal fly ash with Na2CO3. Key factors impacting synthesis include acid content and liquid‐to‐solid ratio. The study extensively employs various characterization methods like XRF, XRD, FTIR, and BET analysis, revealing a 99.1 % purity in silica content, a surface area of 793.51 m2/g, and a pore size of 3.9 nm. Optimal conditions for this synthesis involve 80 °C temperature, 2‐hour reaction time, 25 % hydrochloric acid concentration, and a 10 : 1 liquid‐to‐solid ratio. FTIR spectra demonstrate similarities between the obtained silica and commercial Sigma Aldrich silica. This innovative approach presents a promising avenue for generating top‐quality silica from coal fly ash, potentially diversifying applications across industries reliant on high‐performance silica materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have reported the synthesis of activated carbon (AC) from biomass cattail fiber through hydrothermal carbonization, followed by chemical activation, and its electrochemical capacitance and hydrogen storage properties. The AC exhibits a Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface area (SBET) of 1597.5 m2g−1, determined from the low‐pressure N2 adsorption isotherm at 77 K using a BET‐multipoint plot. The AC sample shows a reversible hydrogen adsorption capacity of 0.25 wt.% H2 (1.25 mmol H2 g−1) at 293 K and 74 atm. The capacitance performance of AC was investigated with various conductive additives such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon black (CB), and reduced graphene‐oxide (rGO). From galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, the as‐derived AC with polymer binder exhibits a specific capacitance (Cs) of 245.2 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and 158.1 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1. Among the investigated conductive additives, AC with CNTs in KOH electrolyte exhibit highest Cs of 326 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and 173 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1. Furthermore, the symmetrical two‐electrode device fabricated using AC with CNTs (as a conductive additive) in 1 M aq. Na2SO4 electrolyte shows a Cs of 97.2 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. The energy and power densities of the two‐electrode device were observed to be 28 kW kg−1 and 2.64 Wh kg−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is an active substitute for current commercial fuels as a green energy source. However, the progress toward hydrogen economy is stalled due to a lack of efficient and economical storage systems usually restrained by the material used. Some specific issues still need to improve in recent practical hydrogen storage methods: low surface area, limited capacity to attract gas adsorbate, high-temperature medium for hydrogen desorption, and extreme reactivity towards Oxygen and air. The paper presents a study on the surface modification of silicon nanostructures (SiNSs) synthesized by chemical etching, followed by structure optimization to enhance the hydrogen storage capacity. The standard anodization method prepares porous silicon (PS) while metal-assisted chemical etching fabricates Si and Porous Si nanowires (PSiNWs) on Si and PS substrates. Morphological features like surface area and porous nature were evaluated using SEM, AFM, and BET to interpret the gas-surface interaction. The modified surface area and average roughness of SiNSs increase maximum to 437 m2 g−1 and 501 nm, respectively. The PS shows the highest gas-surface interaction (up to 86.6%) and surface energy due to uniform pore distributions and high surface area. The NMR and FTIR investigate the hydrogen termination on the surface, whereas TG-DSC indicates the desorption of surface hydrides at ∼290 °C. A rank matrix is constructed considering various adsorption-desorption and fabrication parameters to select optimized SiNS, whereas PS is selected as a suitable candidate for hydrogen storage. • Electrochemical anodization and metal-assisted chemical etching fabricate porous silicon and porous Si nanowires. • The gas physisorption improves in nanopores due to the overlap of attractive fields from adjacent pore walls. • High resistivity substrate Si nanostructures exhibit uniform and homogeneous pore size distribution. • Continuous water rinsing on the hydrogenated surface of Si nanostructures causes hydrogen desorption from the surface. • Porous silicon stands prominently and has a high potential for hydrogen storage based on the rank matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aktif karbon, yüksek yüzey alanı ve yüksek adsorpsiyon özellikleri nedeniyle yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Aktif karbon üretimi için farklı birçok kaynak (kömür, fındık kabuğu, saman vb.) kullanılarak kimyasal veya fiziksel aktivasyon işlemleri uygulanmaktadır. Kullanılan her bir kaynağın aktivasyon kapasitesi farklıdır. Ülkemizde kömür kaynağı kullanılarak aktivasyon yapılması konusunda pek çok çalışma yapılmaktadır. Kömürle yapılan aktivasyon çalışmalarında kül içeriğinin düşük olmasının aktivasyon üzerine olumlu etkileri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada tüvenan (ham) Soma-Manisa yöresi linyit kömürü, aynı kömürün işlem görmüş hali (kül içeriği azaltılmış) ve bunların belirli oranlarda karışımlarına kimyasal aktivasyon uygulanmış ve elde edilen yüzey alanı, sabit karbon ve adsorpsiyon kapasitesi sonuçları karşılaştırmalı olarak verilmiştir. Kül içeriğinin azaltılması işlemi organik solvent kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Tüvenan Soma kömürünün kül içeriğini azaltmak amacıyla hidroflorik asit (HF), hidroklorik asit (HCl) ve hidrojen peroksit (H2O2) kullanılarak ön işlem uygulanmasının etkileri de araştırılmıştır. Aktif karbon üretimi için ön işlem görmüş ve işlem görmemiş kömürlerin potasyum hidroksit tuzu (KOH) ile karışımları hazırlanarak kimyasal aktivasyon işlemi yapılmıştır. En yüksek yüzey alanı, HF ile ön işlem görmüş Soma kömürü KOH ile karıştırılarak azot ortamında yapılan aktivasyonu sonucu 2259.38 m2 /g değerinde elde edilmiştir. Külü azaltılmış kömür ve Soma kömürünün 1:1 oranında yapılan karışımları ile de KOH kullanılarak azot ortamında yaklaşık 1600 m2 /g değerinde yüzey alanı elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen aktif karbonlar ticari aktif karbonlar ile karşılaştırıldığında KOH ile yapılan aktivasyon ile yüzey alanının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

This study presents synthesis of Lanthanum Hexaaluminate (LHA: LaAl11O18) and Barium Hexaaluminate (BHA: BaAl12O19) with co-precipitation (CP), wet impregnation (W) and solid-state routes with different sintering profiles and carbon templating route. The effect of different synthesis methods and process parameters was investigated on the % of hexaaluminate phase formation confirmed by XRD-Rietveld Refinement and BET surface area measurements with N2 physisorption. LHA with high purity of 95% was successfully prepared confirmed by Rietveld refinement of XRD analysis with a BET surface area of 2 m2/g through co-precipitation (CP) method when the powder was sintered at 1600 °C. Carbon templating increased the surface area to 50 m2/g at a sintering temperature of 1200 °C with a lower LHA content of 77%. It was observed that BHA could be formed at lower temperatures, at 1400 °C, compared to LHA.

The role of spherical activated carbon from ion exchange resin as an adsorption material for hydrogen storage was researched. Spherical activated carbon samples were prepared from two types of physical activation methods using steam and CO2. The porosity induced by each method and the resulting hydrogen adsorption performance were compared and evaluated. When the samples had similar BET surface areas, steam activation induced microporous spherical activated carbon to increase hydrogen storage performance at low pressure (∼1 bar) under low temperature conditions (under 77 K). CO2 activation enabled good formation of the 1–2 nm sized pore ratio in the micropores, thus enhancing hydrogen storage performance at high pressure (∼200 bar) under ambient temperature (under 298 K). In conclusion, this indicates that there exists a range of spherical activated carbon pore size favorable for hydrogen adsorption, dependent on the pressure range applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A powder of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) was synthesized in this study by anodizing in 0.7 M HClO4 and then annealing in N2 at 450 °C for 3 h to produce TiO2 NPs-N2 powder as a catalyst. These TiO2 NPs-N2 nanoparticles were then encrusted with Au nanoparticles utilizing the photodeposition procedure with tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and isopropanol as sacrificial donors. With a surface area of 121 m2g−1, the Au NPs/TiO2 NPs-N2 powder catalyst has a high surface area, according to the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda technique. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, TiO2 NPs-N2 contained uniformly integrated Au nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of about 26.8 nm. The XRD patterns showed that the prepared Au NPs/TiO2 NPs-N2 were crystallites and nano-sized. The transmission electron microscopy image revealed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles and their tendency for agglomeration. Utilizing the cyclic voltammetry, the electrochemical properties of the catalyst TiO2 NPs powders in a basic glucose solution were investigated. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of the loaded Au NPs/TiO2 NPs-N2 powder on the working electrode for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose were astonishingly high. The Au NPs/TiO2 NPs-N2 catalyst demonstrated electrocatalytic characteristics that were superior to a commercially available polycrystalline gold electrode in the application involving glucose alkaline fuel cells.

Nipah banana fruits have gained some great attention in banana chips industries and several wastes generated could be used as a potential source for activated carbon production. Furthermore, activated carbon derived from Nipah banana peel was prepared by immersing a 60 g dried banana in 1000 mL of 25% phosphoric acid solution in a sealed beaker at varied carbonization temperatures (450, 470, 490, and 510 °C) for 30 min. In order to determine the potential of using Nipah banana peel, the raw Nipah banana peel was subjected to Thermo Gravimetric analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometer, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), and Micrometric ASAP 2020. The influences of carbonization temperature and impregnation ratio on the yield, functional group, surface morphology, and pore development of activated carbon were also investigated. The results revealed that carbonization affects the yield, functional group, surface morphology, and pore structures of activated carbon. The experimental results revealed that the optimum carbonization conditions were obtained at 470 °C with a 73.83% of yield. FT-IR analysis identified the presence of hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, ethers, and aromatic compounds deposited in the Nipah banana peel lignocellulosic structure. FESEM images on the surface morphology indicated well-developed pores as a result of increased activation temperature. Meanwhile, surface area analysis using BET displayed 684 m2/g surface area SBET and 0.36 cm3/g total pore volume with nitrogen isotherm of type IV. It was demonstrated that the H3PO4 concentration used in the impregnation stage was suitable for the development of the surface area and pore volumes and an effective chemical to manipulate the pore structure and size distribution towards the optimum conditions. The findings obtained from the current study proven the potential of Nipah banana peel to be used as a natural precursor towards the development of biomass-based activated carbon in order to enhance the usage of green water treatment agents and maintaining environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrothermal carbonization is now emerging to address society's global sustainability problems by reprocessing several industrial and agricultural wastes to derive promising carbonaceous materials such as graphene, biochar, and activated carbon. This approach will further resolve the difficulties related to the safe recycling of waste materials and also the consumption of fossil fuels. This work focuses on synthesizing biochar via hydrothermal carbonization at temperatures 220 °C and residence time (6, 12, 18, and 24 h) and their effects on product yield and other parameters studied. Characterizations of biochar produced at different times were carried out using techniques like X-ray diffraction, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm. The biochar yield reduced from 56.4-40.2 wt-% with a rise in dwelling time. BET surface area was found to increase as we increased the reaction time. On the base of the maximum surface area, electrochemical analysis was performed to check the role of biochar as a supercapacitor electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of vanillin from lignin-derived vanillyl alcohol poses a great deal of research interest because of the availability of renewable lignin in abundant quantities. In the present study, a series of copper-doped ceria (CeO2) catalysts were prepared by a modified template-assisted method, characterized by various techniques, and explored for the oxidation of vanillyl alcohol to vanillin with molecular oxygen as the oxidant at normal atmospheric pressure. Interestingly, a 10% Cu-doped ceria (Cu0.1Ce0.9O2−δ) catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity for the oxidation of vanillyl alcohol with 95% and 100% conversions at atmospheric and moderate pressures, respectively, with 100% vanillin selectivity in both cases. A thorough characterization (XRD, BET surface area, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, XPS, and H2-TPR) of the synthesized mesoporous oxides (CuO, CeO2, Cu0.05Ce0.95O2−δ, Cu0.1Ce0.9O2−δ, and Cu0.15Ce0.85O2−δ) revealed that mixed oxide catalysts exhibit more oxygen vacancies and better redox behavior in comparison to the single oxides, which lead to improved catalytic activity and selectivity. Reaction parameters, such as reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst amount, and the solvent, were also optimized for the reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we have synthesized magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles by a facile and cost-effective chemical co-precipitation method with annealing at three different temperatures (350°C, 450°C, and 550°C) for the removal of various organic dyes. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the prepared samples are having sizes below 20 nm and with pure phase. Phase transformation of hexagonal Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles to discretely cubical structured MgO nanoparticles has been observed with increasing the annealing temperatures which is also supported by the TGA/DSC analysis. Mg–O stretching vibration peaks in the range of 400–800 cm−1 obtained by FTIR spectroscopy support the formation of MgO nanoparticles. The observed Raman active bands for the annealed sample at 550°C confirm the formation of the nanocrystalline phase since these bands are typically absent in the bulk MgO as well as in Mg(OH)2. The surface morphology of the as-prepared Mg(OH)2 are aggregated nano-petals which changed into spherical shape for MgO annealed at 550°C as studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The specific surface area of MgO nanoparticles annealed at 550°C using BET isotherms is found to be 37.487 m2g−1. The optical bandgaps of the prepared samples are found to be in the range of 4.4 to 5.1 eV using the Tauc plot. Adsorption studies with a variation of initial brilliant green dye concentration and contact time are carried out along with the studies of adsorption kinetic and isotherm models. Langmuir isotherm model is the most suitable model on the basis of correlation constant with maximum BG dye adsorption capacity onto MgO@550°C which is found to be 63.9 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. Also prepared pristine MgO nanoparticles showed significant photocatalytic performance for the degradation of various dyes; brilliant green (BG: 88.91%), methylene blue (MB: 79.05%), crystal violet (CV: 76.49%), methyl orange (MO: 68.62%), and brilliant blue (BB: 40.44%) under visible irradiation. MgO nanoparticles could be a promising adsorbent and photocatalyst that may be employed in the treatment of effluents from industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PdO/CuO nano-composites were synthesized and characterized via various techniques. • Antimicrobial activities of the investigated nano-composites were screened. • Anticancer and antioxidant activities of the inspected compounds were investigated. CuO, PdO nanoparticles (NPs) and their CuO/PdO nanocomposites were successfully prepared via combination of hydrothermal and calcination approaches. The investigated CuO, PdO NPs and their CuO/PdO nanocomposites were characterized utilizing X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmittance electron microscope (TEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) techniques. The Brunauer, Emmett and Teller Specific Surface Area (BET) equation was employed to calculate the surface area for the investigated compounds and found to be CuO/PdO (0.2) < CuO/PdO (0.1) < PdO < CuO. In antimicrobial evaluations, the CuO, PdO NPs and their CuO/PdO nanocomposites exhibited notable inhibitory zones ranging from 18.10-39.80 mm against Gram (+ve) bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and 9.25–25.75 mm against Gram (−ve) bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia Coli. Moreover, the investigated compounds show potent antifungal activity against selected strains of fungi (Aspergillus Flavus, Candida albicans, and Fusarium Oxysporum compared to the standard drug (Fluconazol). Furthermore, the potential of the inspected compound potential as anticancer agents were tested on HCT/116, MCF/7, Hep/G2 human cancer cells using the MTT assay in the absence and presence of UV radiation. The CuO, PdO and their CuO/PdO nanocomposites and vinblastine exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 7.65–18.61 μg/μl, 5.25–16.10 μg/μl, and 3.18–12.80 μg/μl, respectively, suggesting their promise in cancer treatment. Antioxidant activity was demonstrated through free radical scavenging assays, with CuO, PdO NPs and their CuO/PdO nanocomposites. They showing significant potential for inhibiting DPPH radical with sequence as follow: CuO/PdO (0.2) NCs (IC50 = 19 μg/ml) > CuO/PdO (0.1) NCs (IC50 = 26 μg/ml) PdO (IC50 = 30 μg/ml) > CuO (IC50 = 35 μg/ml > trolox (IC50 = 40 μg/ml) as standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the effect of Na doping on the structure, electrical, and electrochemical properties of lithium-rich cathode material. Pristine Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 (LNMC) and Na-doped Li1.17Na0.03Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 (Na-LNMC) layered lithium-rich/manganese-rich compounds are prepared by the sol-gel method. The structural and morphological characterization reveals that the Na doping leads to an ordered structure with regular cubic morphology and enlarged Li layer spacing. This enlargement facilitates the diffusion of lithium ion inside the bulk lattice. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that doping by a small amount of Na (3 mol%) decreases the impedance by more than three orders of magnitude and enhances the diffusion of lithium ions in the same proportion. This remarkable improvement in the conductivity and diffusion coefficient of lithium ions of Na-LNMC improves its capacity retention. In addition, this structure and mode of preparation results in “U-shaped” capacity vs. cycle curves, similar to the curves observed for transition metal oxide electrodes, resulting in an exceptional cycle life, tested for up to 400 cycles at 2C.

A powder of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) was synthesized in this study by anodizing in 0.7 M HClO4 and then annealing in N2 at 450 °C for 3 h to produce TiO2 NPs-N2 powder as a catalyst. These TiO2 NPs-N2 nanoparticles were then encrusted with Au nanoparticles utilizing the photodeposition procedure with tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and isopropanol as sacrificial donors. With a surface area of 121 m2g−1, the Au NPs/TiO2 NPs-N2 powder catalyst has a high surface area, according to the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda technique. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, TiO2 NPs-N2 contained uniformly integrated Au nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of about 26.8 nm. The XRD patterns showed that the prepared Au NPs/TiO2 NPs-N2 were crystallites and nano-sized. The transmission electron microscopy image revealed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles and their tendency for agglomeration. Utilizing the cyclic voltammetry, the electrochemical properties of the catalyst TiO2 NPs powders in a basic glucose solution were investigated. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of the loaded Au NPs/TiO2 NPs-N2 powder on the working electrode for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose were astonishingly high. The Au NPs/TiO2 NPs-N2 catalyst demonstrated electrocatalytic characteristics that were superior to a commercially available polycrystalline gold electrode in the application involving glucose alkaline fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospun nanofibres can be used in nanosensors, nanofilters, catalysts, tissue scaffolds, batteries, solar cells, protective clothing and so on. The major improvement in various applications is brought about by the enhanced surface area of the electrospun nanofibres. We employed a statistical approach to optimize electrospinning process parameters to produce cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibre mat with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area as the response variable. The selected variables (applied voltage, distance between needle and collector, and flow rate of solution) were optimized by response surface methodology (Central Composite Design–CCD) to capture the linear and quadratic influence to maximize specific surface area (SSA) of electrospun fibre mat measured by BET analyzer. The predicted model was significant with R2 value of 0.91 and adjusted R2 value of 0.83. This model predicted the SSA of 2.34 m2 g−1 for the optimized parameters 24.8 kV voltage, 12 cm distance between needle and collector and 0.04 ml min−1 flow rate. The difference between the predicted value and the experimental result at the same parameters setting was less than 5%. The obtained results confirmed that the selected CCD model appropriately presented the performance of selected parameters in the prediction of SSA of CA nanofibre mat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• Study demonstrates tailored electrospun adsorbents for diverse biological products. • Electrospun adsorbent prototypes were manufactured with varying morphologies. • Compression and fiber diameter of adsorbent affects permeability of adsorbent. • Binding capacity is correlated to available surface area from nitrogen adsorption. • Monolayer adsorption was observed on the fiber surface. Electrospun cellulose adsorbents are an emergent class of materials applied to a variety of bioprocess separations as an analogue to conventional packed bed chromatography. Electrospun adsorbents have proven to be effective as rapid cycling media, enabling high throughput separation of proteins and viral vectors without compromising selectivity and recovery. However, there is a current lack of knowledge in relation to the manipulation and control of electrospun adsorbent structure with function and performance to cater to the separation needs of emerging, diverse biological products. In this study, a series of electrospun cellulose adsorbents were fabricated by adjusting their manufacturing conditions. A range of fiber diameters (400 to 600 nm) was created by changing the electrospinning polymer solution. Additionally, a range of porosities (0.4 to 0.7 v/v) was achieved by varying the laminating pressures on the electrospun sheets. The adsorbents were functionalized with different degrees of quaternary amine ligand density to create 18 prototype anion exchangers. Their morphology was characterized by BET nitrogen adsorption surface area, X-ray computed tomography, capillary flow porometry and scanning electron microscopy measurements. The physical characteristics of the adsorbents were used in an adapted semi-empirical model and compared to measured permeability data. Permeabilities of prototypes ranged from 10−2 to 10−4 mDarcy. The measured data showed good adherence to modelled data with possible improvements in acquiring wet adsorbent characteristics instead of dried material. Finally, the electrospun adsorbents were characterized for their binding capacity of model proteins of different sizes (diameters of 3.5 nm and 8.9 nm) and plasmid DNA. Static binding capacities ranged from 5 mg/ml to 25 mg/ml for the proteins and plasmid DNA and showed <20 % deviation from monolayer coverage based on BET surface area. Therefore, it was concluded that the electrospun adsorbents most likely adsorb monolayers of proteins and plasmid DNA on the surface with minimal steric hindrance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Niobium substituted phosphomolybdic acid with various Nb/P mole ratio of catalysts were successfully synthesised by hydrothermal method. These materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia and BET surface area measurements to be investigate the structural and acidity properties of catalyst. The activities of the materials were evaluated for the solvent free oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde and the best catalytic activity was achieved for the catalyst with Nb/P mole ratio is 2.0. This catalytic system provides one of the most straight forward syntheses of carbonyl compound from styrene. The synthesized material can be recovered and reused for same reaction. Reaction Oxidation of styrene to benzaldehyde over Nb containing phosphomolybdic acid catalyst [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this study, different morphologies of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), including MoS2 nanoparticle (NP), MoS2 nanoflower (NF), MoS2 nanosphere (NS), MoS2 nanohollow (NH), and MoS2/MoO2 composite, are successfully synthesized via a facile‐route hydrothermal process employing different solutions. The structure and chemical bonding of the different morphologies of MoS2 are investigated via X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thereafter, the synthesized materials are applied to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) employing a three‐electrode system in a standard acidic medium (0.5 M H2SO4). The MoS2 NH exhibits higher performance: an overpotential of −230 mV at −10 mAcm−2, a Tafel slope of 64 mVdec−1, a high double‐layer capacitance (Cdl) of 11.98 mFcm−2 and larger BET surface area (22.59 m2/g), as well as super stability after stability tests, representing the best catalytic behavior among the synthesized materials. The results indicate that the electrocatalytic efficiencies of materials depend on their morphologies which is highly related to the surface area of catalysts. The results avail a novel avenue for synthesizing the various morphologies of MoS2, as well as the new morphology of MoS2 (MoS2 NH). It can be a promising material for electrocatalytic and energy‐storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the effect of Na doping on the structure, electrical, and electrochemical properties of lithium-rich cathode material. Pristine Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 (LNMC) and Na-doped Li1.17Na0.03Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 (Na-LNMC) layered lithium-rich/manganese-rich compounds are prepared by the sol-gel method. The structural and morphological characterization reveals that the Na doping leads to an ordered structure with regular cubic morphology and enlarged Li layer spacing. This enlargement facilitates the diffusion of lithium ion inside the bulk lattice. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that doping by a small amount of Na (3 mol%) decreases the impedance by more than three orders of magnitude and enhances the diffusion of lithium ions in the same proportion. This remarkable improvement in the conductivity and diffusion coefficient of lithium ions of Na-LNMC improves its capacity retention. In addition, this structure and mode of preparation results in "U-shaped" capacity vs. cycle curves, similar to the curves observed for transition metal oxide electrodes, resulting in an exceptional cycle life, tested for up to 400 cycles at 2C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Glass fertilizers in the phosphate systems were melted at 900-950 °C with a soaking period of 1 h. Leaching study of these glasses with a maximum time period of 300 h was conducted under Soxhlet distillation condition with distilled water. Weight loss and the leach rates of the glass fertilizer samples were calculated from BET surface area measurements. They were in the range of 6.3x10-3 to 2.3x10-3 g.m-2.h-1 at 90 °C. The effect of different modifier ions like Na+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ in the basic phosphate networks on melting and time of melting has been found to be evident. The pH determination ranging from 4.80 up to 7.50 of the leachate solution at ambient temperature under varying time intervals showed interesting and regular variations. The leaching study of such glasses under Soxhlet condition showed Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ to be good candidates as modifier towards faster leaching. The findings have been corroborated in terms of ionic size, ionic radius, and hence the ionic potential of the modifier ions incorporated into the glass structure. The application of glass fertilizers was made on kharif paddy.

Activated carbon, having high surface area and porosity, is a carbonaceous material that comes from organic main sources. In this work, activated carbon materials were produced from human hair that belongs to people who can be classified into two age groups (0-18 or 18-40 years). Activated carbons were characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analysis techniques. Capacitances of the synthesized materials were determined by using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Characterization results showed that the structural properties of activated carbon materials and capacitance values are changed significantly according to different age groups. BET surface areas of the 0-18 and 18-40 age groups were obtained as 2303 m²/g and 2674 m²/g, respectively. It was observed that 18-40 age group showed higher specific capacitance (294 F/g) than the 0-18 age group (219 F/g) due to high surface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pullulan was used as the wall material for microencapsulation of L. plantarum CRD7 by spray drying, while isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) was used as prebiotic. Also, the effect of different thermal protectants on survival rate during microencapsulation was evaluated. Taguchi orthogonal array design showed that pullulan at 14 % concentration, IMO at 30 % concentration and whey protein isolate at 20 % rate were the optimized wall material, prebiotic and thermal protectant, respectively for microencapsulation of L. plantarum. FESEM images revealed that the spray-dried encapsulates were fibrous similar to those produce by electrospinning, while fluorescence microscopy ascertained that most of the probiotic cells were alive and intact after microencapsulation. The adsorption-desorption isotherm was of Type II and the encapsulate had specific surface area of 1.92 m2/g and mean pore diameter of 15.12 nm. The typical amide II and III bands of the bacterial proteins were absent in the FTIR spectra, suggestive of adequate encapsulation. DSC thermogram showed shifting of melting peaks to wider temperature range due to interactions between the probiotic and wall materials. IMO at 30 % (w /w) along with WPI at 20 % concentration provided the highest storage stability and the lowest rate of cell death of L. plantarum after microencapsulation. Acid and bile salt tolerance results confirmed that microencapsulated L. plantarum could sustain the harsh GI conditions with >7.5 log CFU/g viability. After microencapsulation, L. plantarum also possessed the ability to ferment milk into curd with pH of 4.62. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Custard apple-shaped NaX zeolite with a large surface area was synthesized from rice husk ash without use of a templating agent via a single-step autoclave process at 90 °C/6h. The crystallinity of the particles was confirmed by XRD. An FTIR study shows the characteristic bands at 560 cm−1 for a double 6-membered ring (D6R), while a Raman shift at around 500 cm−1 indicates the bending mode of 4-membered ring fragments of NaX zeolite. The total BET surface area of the product was found to be 703 m2g−1 comprising a micrpore surface area of 623 m2g−1 and a mesopore surface area of 80 m2g−1. A hierarchical porous structure with micropores in the range of 0.72–1.76 nm and mesopores centred at 3.5 nm was obtained. FESEM and TEM images of NaX zeolite show a custard apple-like morphology (1–2 μm) of secondary particles which was formed by self-assembly of nanometer-sized (50–100 nm) primary particles. A proposed formation mechanism was illustrated.

The aim of this work has been to examine the effect of intensive ball milling of sphalerite in the wet and dry modes on the microstructural changes and the subsequent effect on its dissolution rate. Sample characterization showed that the BET surface area and the amorphization degree were obtained to 18.2 m2/g and 78.92% in the wet mode and 7.72 m2/g and 90.35% in the dry mode milling after 180 min, respectively. The maximum extraction of Zn obtained 23.7, 67.12 and 85% in the unmilled, wet and dry milled samples, respectively. The ratio of kinetic rate constant has been increased by 37 and 67 times, respectively. Also, the activation energy was decreased with increasing of milling time. Selectivity of sphalerite leaching versus surface area was obtained higher than that of the wet milling. Leaching experiments indicated that structural disordering had a drastic effect on the reactivity of mechanically activated sphalerite. [Display omitted] • Dry mechanical activation led to more structural changes and increased sphalerite reactivity. • Maximum BET surface area of 18.20 and 7.71 m2/g were measured in the wet and dry modes. • Structural changes are more effective than BET surface area on sphalerite reactivity. • Leaching efficiency enhanced by 85% in dry mode compared with 67% in wet mode milling. • Selectivity of sphalerite leaching (Zn/Fe) increased by surface disordering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adsorbent materials for the control of dye pollutants in water were synthetized from stainless steel slag (SSS) using different acid-base treatments. Using HCl (SS-Cl) and HNO3 (SS-NO3) produced high-capacity adsorbents, with BET areas of 232 m2/g and 110 m2/g respectively. Specifically, the SS-Cl had a structure of amorphous silica sponge. Treatment with H2SO4 (SS-SO4) did not enhance the adsorption capabilities with respect to the raw sample (SSS). Activated carbon (AC) was also tested as reference. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) zeta potential, and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Batch adsorption experiments with methylene blue (MB) showed that the maximum sorption capacities were 9.35 mg/g and 8.97 mg/g for SS-Cl and SS-NO3 at 240 h, respectively. These values, even at slower rate, were close to the adsorption capacity of the AC (9.72 mg/g). This behavior has been attributed to the high porosity in the range of nanopores (0.6–300 nm) and the high-surface area for both samples. Preferential involvement of certain functional groups in the adsorption of dye ions on their surface indicative of chemisorption has been found. Although optimization, repeatability, and reproducibility of the process and environmental assessment have to be done before practical applications, these preliminary results indicate that application of these cost-effective adsorbents from raw SSS may be used in water pollution treatment and contribute to the sustainable development of the steel manufacturing industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine activated carbon (FAC) is prepared from rubber fruit shells (RFS) using two chemical activating agents (ZnCl2 and KOH) and three impregnation ratios (1:3, 1:4, and 1:5). The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) results show that for a constant impregnation ratio, the ZnCl2 activating agent yields a higher specific surface area than the KOH agent. In particular, for the maximum impregnation ratio of 1:5, the FAC prepared using ZnCl2 has a BET surface area of 456 m2/g, a nitrogen absorption capacity of 150.38 cm3/g, and an average pore size of 3.44 nm. Moreover, the FAC structure consists of 70.1% mesopores and has a carbon content of 80.05 at.%. Overall, the results confirm that RFS, activated using an appropriate quantity of ZnCl2, provides a cheap, abundant, and highly promising precursor material for the preparation of activated carbon with high carbon content and good adsorption properties [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High quality activated carbon was successfully produced from Tectona grandis sawdust by chemical activation using potassium chloride and sodium thiosulphate in a ratio of 1:1.5:1. Surface characterization of sawdust and activated carbon showed the presence of several functional groups such as hydroxyl, ketones, phenols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and aryl halide together with the heterogeneous surface and extensive porous network as depicted by morphological characterization. It was found that the per cent yield by mass of Tectona grandis sawdust was 52% (SD ± 0.41%). The content of fixed carbon (67.3%) and volatile matter (13.7%) in T. grandis sawdust signifies the ease with which it can be ignited and oxidized. The x‐ray diffraction analysis of activated carbon prepared from T. grandis sawdust indicated amorphous behavior of activated carbon. In the present work, activated carbon possesses 8.76 pH zero‐point charge, 1270 m2/g BET surface area, 0.673 cm3/g total pore volume and 0.42 g/cm3 bulk density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A carbon‐coated Magnéli phase Ti4O7 composite has been successfully synthesised, via modified carbonthermal reduction of amorphous TiO2, which was prepared from hydrolysis of titanium sulphate and polyvinyl alcohol, at a relatively low temperature and fast reaction rate. Moreover, the effect of heat treatment temperature and time on the reduced phases is revealed. Despite removal of oxide ions, scanning electron microscopic images clearly show the obtained carbon‐coated Ti4O7 composite retains well the spherical morphology of the precursor, and the high‐pressure pelleted treatment effectively inhibits the growth of the final product during the heat treatment process. In addition, the prepared composite with mesopore structure exhibits a Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area as high as 84.495 m2 g−1 and good electrochemical stability in alkaline electrolyte, as well as some oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity. The results presented in this work open an avenue for its potential electrochemical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports a scalable method to synthesize hierarchically porous, hetero-atom doped activated carbon nanosheet from waste biomass−human hair, and demonstrates the use of this carbon as an ultra-high performance electrode material for supercapacitor applications. Microscopic analyses reveal that sheet size ranges from 50 to 200 nm having a thickness of 15–27 nm. As-synthesized, carbon nanosheets possess a hierarchical porous structure having a specific surface area of 1548 m2 g−1. Heteroatom concentration (nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur) of around 25% is confirmed from XPS analysis. Therefore, the novel interconnected hierarchical porous nanosheets structure enables fast adsorption and transportation of ions during electrochemical processes. Also, the abundant chemically available electroactive heteroatom species in the material enhance the wettability of ions and contribute to pseudocapacitance. The electrochemical analyses through cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements in 6 M KOH reveal the quasi-EDLC behavior of the activated carbons due to the presence of heteroatoms. A reprensentative KOH activated carbon shows an excellent specific capacitance value of 999 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. The symmetrically assembled two-electrode device also delivers a maximum energy density of 32 W h Kg-1 at a power density of 325 W Kg-1. In addition, excellent cyclic stability of 98% capacitance retention is observed after 10,000 continuous GCD cycles even at a high current density of 5 A g−1. Symmetric flexible supercapacitor device using KOH-PVA-K 3 FeCN 6 as redox gel polymer electrolyte shows a synergistic specific capacitance of 145 mF cm−1 at a current density of 0.8 mA cm−1 exhibiting very less deviation in bending mode. Therefore, this waste biomass derived heteroatom doped hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets can be a promising material for cost-effective high- performance supercapacitor. Image 1 • The modified route yields hierarchical, porous, interconnected heteroatom doped carbon nanosheets from waste human hair. • Isothermal holding during carbonization and activation increases crosslinking of aromatic compounds into carbon skeleton. • Around 25% of heteroatom doping concentration is achieved using a modified synthesis route. • The electrode material shows an excellent specific capacitance value of 999 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. • Symmetrically assembled supercapacitor device delivers energy density of 32 W h Kg−1 at a power density of 325 W kg−1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work represents the influence of various sol–gel parameters on the physico‐chemical properties of sulfuric acid chelated zirconia aerogels dried at ambient pressure. The sol–gel parameters such as concentrations of precursor, chelating agent and catalyst are found to be the dominant factors which influence the physical, chemical and textural properties of the aerogels. Therefore, the influence of concentration of Zr precursor, ZrPr:H2SO4 molar ratio and ZrPr:H2O molar ratio on these properties of zirconia aerogels is studied. Zirconia lacogels are formed by the hydrolysis and condensation of zirconium n‐propoxide in n‐propanol chelated with sulfuric acid (18.4 M) and catalyzed with deionized water. Aerogels are obtained by subsequent solvent exchange, silylation, washing and ambient pressure drying. The physico‐chemical properties of as synthesized zirconia aerogels are carried out using FESEM, EDS, BET analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The good quality zirconia aerogels are obtained using the molar ratio of ZrPr:PrOH:H2SO4:H2O:HMDZ::1:2.93:1.18:1.77:0.59. They possess the density of 0.54 g cm‐3, BET surface area of 328 m2 g‐1 and micropore volume of 0.028 cm3 g‐1. These aerogels can be applied as heterogeneous catalysts in many fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hydrophilic terpolymer MOF composite is designed with high surface area and porosity to enrich mono- and multi-glycosylated peptides facilitating a bottom-up approach. Terpolymer@ZIF-8 is synthesized using free radical polymerization followed by layer by layer ZIF-8 fabrication. Subsequent surface modification was made by aminophenylboronic acid (AMBA). The enrichment ability of terpolymer@ZIF-8@BA is evaluated by using tryptic digest of IgG and HRP to exemplify mono- and multi-glycosylated protein samples. Improved selectivity of 1:200 for spiked HRP in BSA digest and sensitivity down to 1 fmol μL−1 is achieved. Batch to batch reproducibility is better 1% RSD which favors the adoption of the developed method for routine N-linked glycopeptide/protein determination. Cost-effective nature of given approach is given by regeneration of the material up to four cycles. Total 318 N-linked glycopeptides have been identified from 1 μL human serum digest after subjecting the enriched and PNGase-treated deglycosylated peptides to LC-MS. Thus, terpolymer@ZIF-8@BA holds the potential both for mono- and multi-glycosylated peptides from complex biological sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]