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Ber fruit is highly perishable, with a storage life of only 3–5 days under ambient conditions, which makes it difficult to transport the fruit even to domestic markets. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of postharvest treatment with sodium nitroprusside (50, 100 and 150 µM) on the storage life, quality attributes, bioactive composition and antioxidant enzyme contents of ‘Umran’ ber fruit. The treated fruit were stored for 28 days to investigate the effects of sodium nitroprusside after 7 days of cold storage at 7.5°C and 90–95% RH. It was found that fruit treated with 100 μM sodium nitroprusside experienced lower fruit weight loss and spoilage, maintained fruit firmness, and had a higher sensory quality, phenolic content, carotenoid content, soluble solids content, sugar content, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity than the control. Furthermore, the activities of the cell wall degrading enzymes polygalacturonase, polyphenol oxidase, pectin methyl esterase and catalase were lower, while the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes were higher in the treated fruit. Therefore, treatment with 100 μM sodium nitroprusside shows high potential for improving the storage life and maintaining the quality attributes of ber fruit for up to 21 days under cold storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT In this study, the influence of different ratios of sheep's to goat's milk (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) on the content of functional metabolites and volatiles in Lighvan cheese throughout ripening was investigated. The samples were ripened under brine for 90 days and assessed in terms of variations in chemical composition, proteolysis, angiotensin‐converting enzyme, α‐amylase, and α‐glucosidase inhibitory activities, antioxidant power, total free amino acids, gamma amino butyric acid, free fatty acids, and volatile compounds. Results showed that by increasing the proportion of goat's milk, the samples exhibited higher antioxidant effect and inhibition of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme during ripening. After 90 days, an increase in α‐glucosidase and a slight decrease in α‐amylase inhibitory activities were observed in Lighvan cheese samples that were produced with 50%, 75% and 100% of goat's milk. In contrast, higher contents of sheep's milk led to a significant increase in the concentration of esters, terpenes and alcohols and a slight increase in gamma‐aminobutyric acid. The highest concentration of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was observed in the cheese prepared with 100% raw sheep's milk after 90 days of ripening. The results revealed the possibility of making a functional white‐brined cheese by monitoring the type and ratio of the used milk and ripening time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhering to denture-based resins (DBRs) is a known cause of denture stomatitis. A new approach to prevent denture stomatitis is to include antimicrobial substances within DBRs. Here, we examined the mechanical performance and antifungal properties of DBRs containing benzyldimethyldodecyl ammonium chloride (C12BDMA-Cl) as an antimicrobial compound. C12BDMA-Cl is a quaternary ammonium compound, and its antifungal properties have never been investigated when combined with dental acrylic resin. Therefore, we modified a commercially available heat-polymerized acrylic DBR to contain 3 and 5 wt.% of C12BDMA-Cl. Unmodified DBR was used as a control group. Specimens were prepared using the conventional heat processing method. The specimen's flexural strength, elastic modulus, microhardness, and surface roughness were evaluated. C. albicans biofilm was grown on the specimens and assessed via colony-forming units (CFUs) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In silico molecular docking was applied to predict the potential C12BDMA-Cl inhibition activity as an antifungal drug. The 3% C12BDMA-Cl DBR demonstrated antifungal activities without a deterioration effect on the mechanical performance. SEM images indicated fewer colonies in DBR containing C12BDMA-Cl, which can be a potential approach to managing denture stomatitis. In conclusion, C12BDMA-Cl is a promising antifungal agent for preventing and treating denture stomatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteriocins are antimicrobial compounds that have awakened interest across several industries due to their effectiveness. However, their large-scale production often becomes unfeasible on an industrial scale, primarily because of high process costs. Addressing this challenge, this work analyzes the potential of using low-cost whey permeate powder, without any supplementation, to produce bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) through the fermentation of Latilactobacillus sakei. For this purpose, different concentrations of whey permeate powder (55.15 gL−1, 41.3 gL−1 and 27.5 gL−1) were used. The ability of L. sakei to produce BLIS was evaluated, as well as the potential of crude cell-free supernatant to act as a preservative. Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) provided detailed insights into the composition and changes occurring during fermentation. SERS, in particular, enhanced peak definition significantly, allowing for the identification of key components, such as lactose, proteins, and phenylalanine, which are crucial in understanding the fermentation process and BLIS characteristics. The results revealed that the concentration of 55.15 gL−1 of whey permeate powder, in flasks without agitation and a culture temperature of 32.5 °C, presented the highest biological activity of BLIS, reaching 99% of inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration of 36–45%, respectively. BLIS production began within 60 h of cultivation and was associated with class II bacteriocins. The results demonstrate a promising approach for producing BLIS in an economical and environmentally sustainable manner, with potential implications for various industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary This study explores using pitomba peel and seeds to obtain a natural extract with high antioxidant capacity, employing extraction techniques with eutectic solvents combined with agitation and temperature control. The analysis revealed that, for the extraction with pitomba peel residues, the average levels of phenolic compounds did not show significant differences except for the extraction with ethanol. In contrast, the extractions performed with pitomba seeds showed significant differences, with the combination of choline chloride with lactic acid and choline chloride with glycerol providing the highest phenolic compound values. For flavonoids, the highest amount was obtained with the extraction using L‐proline and levulinic acid for the pitomba peel and ethanol and choline chloride with levulinic acid for the pitomba seeds. The results of the DPPH and FRAP assays indicate that, for antioxidant activity, the highest DPPH value was achieved with the extraction of pitomba peel using choline chloride with glycerol. In contrast, for pitomba seeds, elevated values were found with choline chloride with glycerol and choline chloride with levulinic acid. In the FRAP assay, the averages between L‐proline with levulinic acid and choline chloride with glycerol were not significantly different, showing high values. For pitomba seeds, the averages between ethanol and choline chloride with glycerol were also not significantly different and showed the highest obtained values. The results demonstrate that the extracts obtained from pitomba residues are rich in valuable compounds for potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. They highlight the significant levels of flavonoids extracted from pitomba peel and seeds and emphasise the effectiveness of deep eutectic solvents (DES), particularly choline chloride with glycerol, in the extraction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Indonesian Fisheries Processing Journal / Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mangrove is a tropical forest that stores millions of benefits ecologically, biologically, and economically. Rhizophora fruit extract contained bioactive compounds components derived from natural ingredients and scientifically proven to have positive effects on health, among others, to prevent cancer, etc. This study aimed to investigate the potential of R. mucronata ethanol extract as an estrogen receptor ß agonist for anti-menopausal purposes. Using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), 25 mice were divided into five groups: a normal control group (NK), an ovariectomy control group (Ovx), and three ovariectomized groups (Ovx D1, D2, and D3) receiving different doses of the extract (200, 400, and 800 mg.kg-1 BW, respectively). The extract was administered orally, and various measurements were taken, including flavonoid content, using densitometry thin layer chromatography (TLC) and FTIR for functional group characterization. The study found a high rutin content (13.29%) in the fruit. Twelve compounds with potential estrogenic activity were identified, which were analyzed using SwissAdme software. Estradiol levels in serum increased with higher doses of the extract over four weeks. In silico and in vivo analysis showed 5 (five) selected compounds from the ethanol and ethyl acetate fractions with highest (most negative) to lowest binding affinity as candidates for anti-menopausal drugs. The administration of R. mucronata Lam. fruit extract in Ovx D1, Ovx D2 and Ovx D3 gave significantly different effects to each other on rat blood serum estradiol hormone levels. In this study, the dose 400 mg.L-1 BW rat gave P>5 increasing blood serum estradiol levels of ovariectomized rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigment is the most attractive attribute and integral part of human life. The source of the pigment used for different applications is chemically synthesised. However, pigment produced from natural sources (such as plants and microorganisms) can also be applied as a coloring agent. In addition to being colorants, many natural pigments are also fascinating bioactive substances with possible health benefits. Agrochemicals, food, medicine, pharmacology, cosmetics, and numerous other industries use these compounds. In this study, a total of 7 pigmented colonies were isolated from the soil samples of different areas of Assam. Out of 7 pigmented colonies, 3 colonies showed orange color and 4 colonies showed yellow color. Based on the similarity of growth pattern and high intensity of pigmentation one colony from each pigment was picked for further studies. The isolated orange and yellow pigments were denoted as S1 and S2, respectively. With the help of Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology the isolated pigmented strains were preliminary identified based on their morphological, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics and after that 16S rRNA gene sequencing helped to identify the bacteria at the species level and the strains were identified as (S1) Micrococcus aloeverae ON377368 and (S2) Exiguobacterium aestuarii ON377409. The identified strains Micrococcus aloeverae and Exiguobacterium aestuarii showed a high pigment production rate at specific optimized conditions such as at temperature 37°C, pH 6, and NaCl concentrations at 1.5-2% and strains also showed a good characteristic growth pattern at a specific time interval. Therefore, the present study may be a helpful step towards the large-scale manufacture of pigments and the extraction, purification, and characterization of the pigment extracted from these strains will lead to provide a potent eco-friendly natural dye in the industrial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simarouba glauca is one of the important medicinal plants used in the treatment of many diseases by traditional healers. In particular, it has medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimalarial, skin-moisturizing and antidiabetic potential. Despite having potential medicinal value, the detailed analysis of its phytoconstituents and the systematic evaluation of its biological activities is lacking. Thus, the present study is aimed at the estimation and profiling of bioactive compounds from S. glauca leaves extracts using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HR-LCMS). The quantitative analysis demonstrated that ethanol was the most effective solvent, extracting significant concentrations of alkaloids (94.17 mg/g), flavonoids (82.36 mg/g), phenols (49.75 mg/g) and saponins (133.21 mg/g). In contrast, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited lower concentrations of these phytochemical compounds. HR-LCMS analysis revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds in the ethanolic extract, including kaempferol, quercetin-3β-D glucoside and gallic acid, all known for their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. The aqueous extract additionally contained catechin and chlorogenic acid, while azelaic acid was identified in the ethyl acetate extract. These findings suggest that ethanol and water extracts of S. glauca leaves contain a rich array of bioactive ingredients. Future research should be carried out to isolate these compounds and explore their pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles to develop effective pharmaceutical products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanosized 45S5 bioactive glass (BG) containing iron (Fe) and bismuth (Bi) as magnetic photothermal agent (PTA) (B_F_FABG) was first time synthesized by bio-inspired route using folic acid (FA) template. Similarly, for comparative analysis, BGs doped with Fe2+/Fe3+ or Bi3+ separately (F_FABG and B_FABG) were also synthesized. XPS and FTIR analysis of B_F_FABG revealed the presence of FA and dopants Fe2+/Fe3+ and Bi3+ in the BG network. Based on the XRD pattern, B_F_FABG was semi-crystalline in nature, with an average crystallite size of 0.2 ± 0.04 nm. Fe2+/Fe3+ ions and FA molecules have a lower affinity for the BG network than the heaviest and most polarizable Bi3+ ions, according to TGA analysis. An increase of Q4 species in the B_F_FABG network was revealed by 29Si NMR investigation due to the presence of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Bi3+ ions. For B_F_FABG, there was also a rise in Q3 and Q2 species due to the dual dopants. B_F_FABG is nano-crystalline, with an average diameter of 12.8 ± 0.3 nm, according to HR-TEM and SAED pattern. The BG samples, both doped and undoped, were found to be mesoporous, with pore diameters ranging from 2 to 50 nm. Due to the presence of Bi3+ ions, B_F_FABG showed remarkable photoluminescence along with bone-bonding ability during excitation in the range of ~1092 nm. The magnetic characteristics were also induced in B_F_FABG due to Fe2+/Fe3+ doping. The novel B_F_FABG NPs reported the least toxicity through in-vitro hemolysis assay and is an ultimate multifunctional material to treat bone abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food processing unavoidably introduces various risky ingredients that threaten food safety. N‐Nitrosamines (NAs) constitute a class of food contaminants, which are considered carcinogenic to humans. According to the compiled information, pretreatment methods based on solid‐phase extraction (SPE) were widely used before the determination of volatile NAs in foods. The innovation of adsorbents and hybridization of other methods have been confirmed as the future trends of SPE‐based pretreatment methods. Moreover, technologies based on liquid chromatography and gas chromatography were popularly applied for the detection of NAs. Recently, sensor‐based methods have garnered increasing attention due to their efficiency and flexibility. More portable sensor‐based technologies are recommended for on‐site monitoring of NAs in the future. The application of artificial intelligence can facilitate data processing during high‐throughput detection of NAs. Natural bioactive compounds have been confirmed to be effective in mitigating NAs in foods through antioxidation, scavenging precursors, and regulating microbial activities. Meanwhile, they exhibit strong protective activities against hepatic damage, pancreatic cancer, and other NA injuries. Further supplementation of data on the bioavailability of bioactives can be achieved through encapsulation and clinical trials. The utilization of bioinformatics tools rooted in various omics technologies is suggested for investigating novel mechanisms and finally broadening their applications in targeted therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light quality is a key factor affecting algal growth and biomass composition, particularly pigments such as carotenoids, known for their antioxidant properties. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are becoming a cost-effective solution for indoor seaweed production when compared to fluorescent bulbs, allowing full control of the light spectra. However, knowledge of its effects on Ulva biomass production is still scarce. In this study, we investigated the effects of LEDs on the phenotype of an Ulva lacinulata strain, collected on the Northern Portuguese coast. Effects of white (W), green (G), red (R), and blue (B) LEDs were evaluated for growth (fresh weight and area), photosynthetic activity, sporulation, and content of pigments and antioxidant compounds. The results showed that there were no significant differences in terms of fresh weight accumulation and reduced sporulation among the tested LEDs, while W light induced the highest expansion rate. Under G, U. lacinulata attained a quicker photoacclimation, and the highest content of pigments and total antioxidant activity; but with R and W, antioxidant compounds against the specific radicals O2•− and •NO were produced in a higher content when compared to other LEDs. Altogether, this study demonstrated that it is possible to modulate the bioactive properties of U. lacinulata by using W, R, and G light, opening the path to the production of biomass tailored for specific nutraceutical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigment is the most attractive attribute and integral part of human life. The source of the pigment used for different applications is chemically synthesised. However, pigment produced from natural sources (such as plants and microorganisms) can also be applied as a coloring agent. In addition to being colorants, many natural pigments are also fascinating bioactive substances with possible health benefits. Agrochemicals, food, medicine, pharmacology, cosmetics, and numerous other industries use these compounds. In this study, a total of 7 pigmented colonies were isolated from the soil samples of different areas of Assam. Out of 7 pigmented colonies, 3 colonies showed orange color and 4 colonies showed yellow color. Based on the similarity of growth pattern and high intensity of pigmentation one colony from each pigment was picked for further studies. The isolated orange and yellow pigments were denoted as S1 and S2, respectively. With the help of Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology the isolated pigmented strains were preliminary identified based on their morphological, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics and after that 16S rRNA gene sequencing helped to identify the bacteria at the species level and the strains were identified as (S1) Micrococcus aloeverae ON377368 and (S2) Exiguobacterium aestuarii ON377409. The identified strains Micrococcus aloeverae and Exiguobacterium aestuarii showed a high pigment production rate at specific optimized conditions such as at temperature 37°C, pH 6, and NaCl concentrations at 1.5-2% and strains also showed a good characteristic growth pattern at a specific time interval. Therefore, the present study may be a helpful step towards the large-scale manufacture of pigments and the extraction, purification, and characterization of the pigment extracted from these strains will lead to provide a potent eco-friendly natural dye in the industrial sector.

Plant-based protein sources as a sustainable alternative to animal sources are highly relevant for food and dietary supplements industries. Plant proteins are becoming popular as an eco-friendly source for meeting global protein requirements due to their importance in nutrition, management of metabolic diseases, biological activities, functionality in processed food products and their low carbon footprints. We applied biochemical protein extraction protocol and prepared protein concentrate from an underutilised cereal, foxtail millet, with plausible applications in foods and supplements. Herein efforts were utilised to obtain foxtail millet protein (FMP) concentrate by means of standardisation of processes of extraction cum isolation. The conditions including flour to solvent ratio, extraction-precipitation pH, dissolution time, etc. were optimised to significantly improve protein yield and recovery. The FMP concentrate prepared was also analysed for nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, amino acid content and digestion properties in comparison to packaged brown rice protein concentrate. The protein concentrate prepared was found to have high digestibility, rich in essential amino acids with good phenolic and flavonoid content, thereby making it a potential sensory and antioxidant additive for food/pharmaceutical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The reconstruction of critical-size calvarial defects remains a fundamental challenge. Recombinant collagen has gained significant attention in bone tissue engineering owing to its remarkable bioactivity and non-immunogenicity. Herein, we have for the first time developed a bioactive poly(ethylene glycol)-chondroitin sulfate-triple helical recombinant collagen (PEG-ChS-THRC) hydrogel for enhanced bone regeneration in cranial defects. A simple and mild crosslinking reaction of two-arm polyethylene glycol active ester (NHS-PEG-NHS), adipic dihydrazide modified chondroitin sulfate (ChS-ADH) and triple helical recombinant collagen (THRC) leads to the formation of the PEG-ChS-THRC hydrogel. The hydrogel demonstrates interconnected porous structures, enhanced mechanical strength, diminished swelling ratios and adjustable biodegradability. It possesses exceptional biocompatibility and bioactivity, significantly facilitating cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological characterization of rat models with critical-size cranial defects have consistently demonstrated that the PEG-ChS-THRC hydrogel significantly promotes bone tissues regeneration. The innovative bioactive scaffold provides a remarkably improved remedy for critical-size cranial defects, holding greatly promising applications in the fields of bone tissue regeneration. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Doum palm and turmeric are traditional medicinal plants with a rich history of use. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, proximate analysis, and GC-MS characterization of doum palm and turmeric blends at different ratios (100%, 80:20%, 60:40%, and 50:50%) using ethanol and warm-water extracts. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and phenols, in the blends at ratios of 80:20%, 60:40%, and 50:50%. Alkaloids were absent in the 100% doum palm sample. Proximate analysis showed significant variations in moisture, ash, fat, and protein content among the samples. GC-MS characterization identified at most 30 phytochemical compounds in sample A and more additional 9 bioactive compounds in samples B, C and D, including two new compounds, eucalyptol and carotol, found in the doum palm-turmeric blends. These compounds have been known to possess various antioxidant and therapeutic potential. The findings suggest that doum palm and turmeric blends have improved potential health benefits due to their high content of phytochemical compounds and balanced proximate composition. Further research is warranted to determine the most effective doum palm to turmeric ratio (Optimal Blending Ratios) for specific health applications. This includes identifying the blend ratios that maximize the therapeutic benefits for particular conditions or diseases.

Moringa oleifera is a tropical plant that provides various nutritional benefits in nutrition and medicine. It is a popular ingredient in fortified staple foods due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic properties. This study aims to assess the acceptability of the plant among students and its perceived properties. Thus, 44 subjects, divided into two groups (22 in each group) were included in this study. For ten days, each group consumed 5 or 10 grams of moringa per day. Throughout the study, the subjects completed two validated questionnaires: the first one was distributed before the consumption and the second questionnaire after the intended period. The results obtained at the end of the study showed that both groups of consumers noticed beneficial effects on physical well-being and intellectual activity. However, people who consumed 10 g of moringa experienced more noticeable effects due to its powerful effect on concentration, well-being and the elimination of factors that cause fatigue, compared to the consumption of 5 g of moringa, where the majority of respondents stated that they did not feel any effect due to the low dose ingested.

The depletion of freshwater resources, as well as climate change and population growth, are threatening the livelihoods of thousands of people around the world. The introduction of underutilized crops such as quinoa may be important in countries with limited productivity and/or limited access to water due to its resistance to different abiotic stresses and its high nutritional value. The aim of this review is to assess whether techniques such as germination, malting and fermentation would improve the nutritional and bioactive profile of quinoa. The use of nitrogen oxide-donating, oxygen-reactive and calcium-source substances increases germination. The ecotype used, temperature, humidity and germination time are determining factors in germination. The presence of lactic acid bacteria of the rust-type phenotype can improve the volume and texture during baking of the doughs, increase the fiber content and act as a prebiotic. These techniques produce a significant increase in the content of proteins, amino acids and bioactive compounds, as well as a decrease in anti-nutritional compounds. Further studies are needed to determine which conditions are the most suitable to achieve the best nutritional, functional, technological, and organoleptic quinoa properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural lipids with nutritional or therapeutic benefits that also provide desired texture, melting and organoleptic appeal (mouthfeel, skin feel) are difficult to procure for the food and cosmetics industries. Natural Astrocaryum pulp oil (AVP) and kernel fat (AVK) from Guyana were blended without further modification to study the potential of extending the physical functionality of the blends beyond that of crude AVK and AVP. An evaluation of non-lipid components by ESI-MS indicated twenty-four (24) bioactive molecules, mainly carotenoids (90%), polyphenols (9%) and sterols (1%) in AVP, indicating important health and therapeutic benefits. Only trace-to-negligible amounts of these compounds were detected in AVK. The thermal transition phase behavior, solid fat content (SFC), microstructure and textural properties of five AVP/AVL blends were used to construct phase diagrams of the AVK/AVP binary system. Binary phase diagrams constructed from the cooling and heating DSC thermograms of the mixtures and description of the liquidus line indicated a mixing behavior close to ideal with a tendency for order, with no phase separation. Melting onsets, solid fat content and measurements of solid-like texture all predictively increased with increasing AVK content. The descriptive decay parameters obtained for SFC, crystal size, hardness, firmness and spreadability were similar and predictive and indicate the way the binary system structure approaches that of a liquid or a functional solid. The bioactive content of the blends was accurately calculated; the work provides a blueprint for the blending of AVP and AVK to deliver targeted bioactive content, stability, spreadability, texture, melting profile, organoleptic appeal and solid content. SFCs at 20 °C ranged from 9.1% to 39.1%, melting onset from −17.5 °C to 27.8 °C, hardness from 0.1 N to 3.5 N and spreadability from 3.3 N·s to 147.1 N·s; indicating a useful dynamic range of physical properties suitable for bioactive oils to bioactive butters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reconstruction of critical-size calvarial defects remains a fundamental challenge. Recombinant collagen has gained significant attention in bone tissue engineering owing to its remarkable bioactivity and non-immunogenicity. Herein, we have for the first time developed a bioactive poly(ethylene glycol)-chondroitin sulfate-triple helical recombinant collagen (PEG-ChS-THRC) hydrogel for enhanced bone regeneration in cranial defects. A simple and mild crosslinking reaction of two-arm polyethylene glycol active ester (NHS-PEG-NHS), adipic dihydrazide modified chondroitin sulfate (ChS-ADH) and triple helical recombinant collagen (THRC) leads to the formation of the PEG-ChS-THRC hydrogel. The hydrogel demonstrates interconnected porous structures, enhanced mechanical strength, diminished swelling ratios and adjustable biodegradability. It possesses exceptional biocompatibility and bioactivity, significantly facilitating cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological characterization of rat models with critical-size cranial defects have consistently demonstrated that the PEG-ChS-THRC hydrogel significantly promotes bone tissues regeneration. The innovative bioactive scaffold provides a remarkably improved remedy for critical-size cranial defects, holding greatly promising applications in the fields of bone tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doum palm and turmeric are traditional medicinal plants with a rich history of use. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, proximate analysis, and GC-MS characterization of doum palm and turmeric blends at different ratios (100%, 80:20%, 60:40%, and 50:50%) using ethanol and warm-water extracts. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, and phenols, in the blends at ratios of 80:20%, 60:40%, and 50:50%. Alkaloids were absent in the 100% doum palm sample. Proximate analysis showed significant variations in moisture, ash, fat, and protein content among the samples. GC-MS characterization identified at most 30 phytochemical compounds in sample A and more additional 9 bioactive compounds in samples B, C and D, including two new compounds, eucalyptol and carotol, found in the doum palm-turmeric blends. These compounds have been known to possess various antioxidant and therapeutic potential. The findings suggest that doum palm and turmeric blends have improved potential health benefits due to their high content of phytochemical compounds and balanced proximate composition. Further research is warranted to determine the most effective doum palm to turmeric ratio (Optimal Blending Ratios) for specific health applications. This includes identifying the blend ratios that maximize the therapeutic benefits for particular conditions or diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioinspired titanium implant nanotexturing achieved via advanced techniques such as lithography, hydrothermal and laser patterning enables modulation of cell functions toward enhanced bioactivity and antibacterial efficacy. However, such costly, multi‐step methods limit clinical translation and benchtop implant modification. For the first time, single‐step, cost‐effective, and translatable electrochemical anodization is reported to fabricate bioinspired nanopillar‐like textures on micro‐rough titanium. In‐depth surface characterization confirms the formation of novel nanostructures, namely nanoscale Spinules, Daggers, Papillae, Spikes, and Flames, exhibiting varied roughness and wettability. Next, in separate experiments, primary human osteoblasts and polymicrobial salivary biofilm are cultured on the implant substrates. Nanotextured surfaces show high protein adhesion and maintain the proliferation, adhesion, and spreading of osteoblasts. Interestingly, all nanotextures exhibit superior antibiofilm abilities compared to control surfaces. Bioactive and antibacterial implant surface nano‐texturing achieved via single‐step anodization has the potential for clinical translation as the next generation of orthopedic and dental implant surface modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of particulate matter (PM) has raised significant concerns about its adverse effects on human health. This study investigates the potential of fermented blueberry and black rice (FBBR) in mitigating the effects of PM2.5 in SH-SY5Y cells and mice. Various assays, including MTT, NO, western blot, ELISA, and behavioral studies were conducted. Results showed that PM2.5 induced considerable cytotoxicity and elevated NO production at a concentration of 100 μg/mL of PM2.5 in SH-SY5Y cells. FBBR administration attenuated PM2.5-exposed cytotoxicity and suppressed NO production in SH-SY5Y cells. In an intranasally-exposed mice model, 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) of PM2.5 resulted in cognitive impairments. However, FBBR treatment ameliorated these impairments in both the Y-maze and MWM tests in PM2.5-exposed mice. Additionally, FBBR administration increased the expression of BDNF and reduced inflammatory markers in the brains of PM2.5-exposed SH-SY5Y cells. These findings highlight the detrimental effects of PM2.5 on the nervous system and suggest the potential of FBBR as a nutraceutical agent for mitigating these effects. Importantly, the results emphasize the urgency of addressing the harmful impact of PM2.5 on the nervous system and underscore the promising role of FBBR as a protective intervention against the adverse effects associated with PM2.5 exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By making use of the outstanding osteoinductive effects of β‐carotene, in this innovative research, we investigate the potential for application of β‐carotene‐reinforced PMMA resins. Different amounts of β‐carotene, from 0% to 5%, have been mixed with standard bone cements and characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques before testing with KUSA‐A1 murine mesenchymal cells. In vitro results showed that not only the amount of bone produced by the cells on the composite is comparable if not superior to modern bioglasses but also both adhesion and cellular proliferation are strongly promoted by the presence of β‐carotene. The increased biological properties came at the price of a small loss in elastic modulus, but it was observed that the presence of β‐carotene leads to an increase of ultimate strength, reaching an increase of about 30% at a concentration of about 2.5%. The enhanced bioactivity and mechanical strength make β‐carotene‐reinforced PMMA a promising, innovative material for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the fermentation of kefir grains using fruit-based substrates, such as coconut water. Kefir grains contain a mixture of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acetic acid bacteria (AAB), and yeast, which have important probiotic capacity and play a vital role in improving the nutritional and functional properties of the new product being developed. The principal objective of this study was to determine the functional properties of the microorganisms identified and characterized from kefir, CWK, and sourdough fermented with coconut water kefir (CWKS), such as Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, L. fusant, L. reuteri, L. kunkeei, Acetobacter aceti, A. lovaniensis, A. pasteurianus, Candida kefyr, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, C. guilliermondii, and C. colliculosa. In addition to identifying functional properties, such as glutamic acid production, phytase production, phytic acid degradation, and exopolysaccharide production, from this study, it was found that significantly high quantities of glutamic acid, exopolysaccharide, and phytase enzyme were detected in two LAB isolates, Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Indonesian Fisheries Processing Journal / Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The modern food industry is undergoing a rapid change with the trend of production of plant‐based food products that are more sustainable and have less impact on nature. Plant‐based dairy analogues have been increasingly popular due to their suitability for individuals with milk protein allergy or lactose intolerance and those preferring a plant‐based diet. Nevertheless, plant‐based products still have insufficient nutritional quality, undesirable structure, and earthy, green, and bean‐like flavor compared to dairy products. In addition, most plant‐based foods contain lesser amounts of essential nutrients, antinutrients limiting the bioavailability of some nutrients, and allergenic proteins. Novel processing technologies can be applied to have a homogeneous and stable structure. On the other hand, fermentation of plant‐based matrix with lactic acid bacteria can provide a solution to most of these problems. Additional nutrients can be produced and antinutrients can be degraded by bacterial metabolism, thereby increasing nutritional value. Allergenic proteins can be hydrolyzed reducing their immunoreactivity. In addition, fermentation has been found to reduce undesired flavors and to enhance various bioactivities of plant foods. However, the main challenge in the production of fermented plant‐based dairy analogues is to mimic familiar dairy‐like flavors by producing the major flavor compounds other than organic acids, yielding a flavor profile similar to those of fermented dairy products. Further studies are required for the improvement of the flavor of fermented plant‐based dairy analogues through the selection of special microbial cultures and formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiZrTaAg alloy is a remarkable material with exceptional properties, making it a unique choice among various industrial applications. In the present study, two types of bioactive coatings using MAPLE were obtained on a TiZrTaAg substrate. The base coating consisted in a mixture of chitosan and bioglass in which zinc oxide and graphene oxide were added. The samples were characterized in-depth through a varied choice of methods to provide a more complete picture of the two types of bioactive coating. The analysis included Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ellipsometry, and micro-Raman. The Vickers hardness test was used to determine the hardness of the films and the penetration depth. Film adhesion forces were determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The corrosion rate was highlighted by polarization curves and by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The performed tests revealed that the composite coatings improve the properties of the TiZrTaAg alloy, making them feasible for future use as scaffold materials or in implantology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the use of chemical epigenetic modifiers to enhance the production of bioactive molecules in the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae. It was selected for its known ability to produce amphidinols with various pharmacological and agro-industrial applications. Growth inhibition, photosynthetic yield reduction, and stress-related variables were observed in response to different treatments using 5-azacitidine, hydroxamic suberoylanilide acid, metyrapone, tricyclazole, sodium butyrate, and jasplakinolide. Although no evidence of amphidinols overproduction was found, hydroxamic suberoylanilide acid and tricyclazole showed potential for stimulating the synthesis of antioxidant carotenoids such as peridinin and their derivatives. An increase of around 200% and 170% relative to control was observed at the highest non-lethal concentration. More research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this response and to optimize production conditions. This pioneering research opens up new avenues for the biotechnological exploitation of dinoflagellate microalgae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the micro-tensile bond strength and the mode of failure of a bioactive hybrid self-adhesive composite (Surefil one) under various dentin conditions. Methods: Thirty-two extracted human molar teeth were used to test the micro-tensile bond strength of Surefil one under different dentine conditions (no treatment, 37% phosphoric acid etching, and universal adhesive) in comparison with a resin-modified glass ionomer (RIVA). All restorations were light cure-bonded onto flat dentine and then sectioned into beams. Then, fractured specimens were observed under a light microscope to evaluate the mode of failure. Results: The Surefil one no-treatment group (NTG) exhibited the highest micro-tensile bond strength. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference observed between the Surefil one adhesive group (EAG) and the Surefil one acid etch group (EG). However, compared to other groups, the resin-modified glass ionomer (RIVA) produced the lowest results, which are statistically significant. Conclusion: Surefil one offers superior bond strength values when compared to resin-modified glass ionomers. Furthermore, Surefil one requires no dentin condition and has more straightforward clinical steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the potential of decolourised Moringa oleifera leaf powder (D-MOLP) in cookies to meet consumer demand for healthier food options, addressing the issue of low acceptability due to its green colour. D-MOLP and its non-decolourised counterpart (ND-MOLP) were incorporated into wheat flour to produce cookies. The results showed that neither decolourisation nor addition level (2.5 or 7.5%) significantly affected water activity or flour functionality, though slight differences in cookie colour were observed. The Moringa-enriched cookies exhibited an improved spread ratio as well as higher protein, phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and in vitro protein digestibility compared to control cookies. The detected phenolic acids included chlorogenic, ferulic, and fumaric acids, with the D-MOLP cookies showing superior nutritional properties, likely due to nutrient concentration and reduced antinutrients. Notably, glutamic acid was the major amino acid in all the cookies, but only lysine significantly increased across the cookie types. This suggests D-MOLP could be a promising alternative for food enrichment. Future research should address the consumer acceptability, volatile components, and shelf-life of D-MOLP-enriched cookies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant-based natural compounds are widely used to treat various ailments owing to their readily availability and minimal adverse effects. This study aimed to perform qualitative and quantitative biochemical profiling and assess the in vitro anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-cancer activities of various apricot (Prunus armeniaca) cultivars. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized to determine the concentrations of bioactive compounds across 10 distinct apricot cultivars. Initial phytochemical screening revealed a significant content of secondary metabolites. Subsequently, methanolic extracts from these cultivars were evaluated for their therapeutic potential against several human cancer cell lines, including prostate cancer (PC-3), lung cancer (A-549), breast cancer (MCF-7), cervical cancer (HELA), and kidney cancer (HEK). Notably, the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 showed a pronounced inhibition rate post-treatment with the apricot extracts. Correlation analysis exhibited phenols are highly correlated with flavonoids (r = 0.92), DPPH (r = 0.95), and alpha-amylase (%) inhibition (r = 0.96), and showed a significant correlation with other parameters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that PC1 explained 43.31 % of the variance, while PC2 explained 12.88 %, together explaining 80.033 % of the total variance. PC1 was identified as the dominant axis, indicating the primary pattern of variation among the variables. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) divided the cultivars into 2 main clusters, with cluster 2 further subdivided into various sub-clusters and sub-sub-clusters. This analysis highlighted distinct genetic similarities and differences among the apricot cultivars. Among the tested cultivars, ‘Irani’ and ‘Tilton’ were found to contain the highest levels of bioactive constituents. This research marks the first comprehensive examination of the impacts of these two apricot cultivars. The findings from this study provide a robust scientific foundation for the future isolation and purification of therapeutic compounds, potentially leading to their application in pharmaceuticals or dietary supplements. This research contributes significantly to the understanding of the pharmacological properties of apricot cultivars and establishes a basis for further investigation into their clinical benefits.

This article, titled "Editorial: Novel compounds from chemistry to druggable candidates," discusses the importance of natural product and novel compound research in drug discovery. The article highlights the value of molecules of natural origin and compounds inspired by nature in developing therapeutics. It also explores advancements in analytical chemistry, genomic systems, and biotechnology that have facilitated the characterization and isolation of novel molecules from various sources. The article includes reviews and research articles that cover topics such as antiviral compounds, plant phytochemicals, computational chemistry, and the development of novel compounds for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 helicases. The authors emphasize the need for multidisciplinary approaches combining wet chemistry, computational methods, and biological screening assays to drive the discovery of new therapeutics. [Extracted from the article]

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT) are two pleotropic cytokines, which are coexpressed in various cell types to activate the cell surface receptor CD74. Via the MIF/CD74 and D-DT/CD74 axes, the two proteins exhibit either beneficial or deleterious effect on human diseases. In this study, we report the identification of 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (a.k.a. 1) that effectively blocks the D-DT-induced activation of CD74 and demonstrates an impressive 79-fold selectivity for D-DT over MIF. Crystallographic characterization of D-DT-1 elucidates the binding features of 1 and reveals previously unrecognized differences between the MIF and D-DT active sites that explain the ligand's functional selectivity. The commercial availability, low cost, and high selectivity make 1 the ideal tool for studying the pathophysiological functionality of D-DT in disease models. At the same time, our comprehensive biochemical, computational, and crystallographic analyses serve as a guide for generating highly potent and selective D-DT inhibitors.