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Abstract Background Nanotechnology has gained rapid popularity in many fields, such as food science. The labile bioactive is enclosed in a shield that protects it from harmful environmental factors. It also allows for targeted delivery to specific areas. Bioactive compounds in foods are slowly degraded or can change due to external or internal factors such as oxidation. Innovative technologies and novel edible packaging materials can be used to reduce bioavailability. One promising technology for overcoming the problems above is encapsulation. The main body of the abstract Nanostructure systems enhances a number of properties, including resistance to degradation and improvements of physicochemical functions like solubility, stability, and bioavailability, among others as the nanosize increases surface area and, consequently, activity. A recently emerged nanoencapsulation technologies, including electro spraying, nano-fluidics, complex coacervation, electrospinning, polymerization, etc. have been briefly discussed. Different bioactive molecules can be nano encapsulated by absorbing, incorporating, chemically interacting, or dispersing substances into nanocarriers. There have also been other characterization techniques and different physico chemical parameters investigated to evaluate the characteristics of encapsulated bioactives. The current article highlights numerous bioactive substances utilized for nanoencapsulation using cutting-edge methods. Short conclusion This review examines how different encapsulating bioactive materials can improve encapsulating films or coatings. The advent of nanotechnology has opened up a wide range of possibilities for the development, design, and formulation of innovative pharmaceuticals. The food and pharmaceutical industry can focus its attention on products that have added value through the various enhancements offered by nanoencapsulation.

Abstract Objectives The trial aimed to compare the clinical performance and radiographic success of ACTIVA BioACTIVE versus Compomer in restoring class-II cavities of primary molars. Materials and methods A non-inferior split-mouth design was considered. A pre-calculated sample size of 96 molars (48 per group) with class-2 cavities of twenty-one children whose ages ranged from 5 to 10 years were randomly included in the trial. Pre-operative Plaque Index (PI), DMFT/dmft scores and the time required to fill the cavity were recorded. Over 24 months, the teeth were clinically evaluated every six months and radiographically every 12 months by two calibrated and blinded evaluators using the United States public health service (USPHS)-Ryge criteria. The two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in success rate was considered to assess non-inferiority, and the margin was set at -18%. The linear mixed model and Firth’s logistic regression model were used for data analysis (P 0.05). ACTIVA took significantly less placement time than Dyract, with a mean difference of 2.37 (± 0.63) minutes (P

Background: Nanotechnology has gained rapid popularity in many fields, such as food science. The labile bioactive is enclosed in a shield that protects it from harmful environmental factors. It also allows for targeted delivery to specific areas. Bioactive compounds in foods are slowly degraded or can change due to external or internal factors such as oxidation. Innovative technologies and novel edible packaging materials can be used to reduce bioavailability. One promising technology for overcoming the problems above is encapsulation. Nanostructure systems enhances a number of properties, including resistance to degradation and improvements of physicochemical functions like solubility, stability, and bioavailability, among others as the nanosize increases surface area and, consequently, activity. A recently emerged nanoencapsulation technologies, including electro spraying, nano-fluidics, complex coacervation, electrospinning, polymerization, etc. have been briefly discussed. Different bioactive molecules can be nano encapsulated by absorbing, incorporating, chemically interacting, or dispersing substances into nanocarriers. There have also been other characterization techniques and different physico chemical parameters investigated to evaluate the characteristics of encapsulated bioactives. The current article highlights numerous bioactive substances utilized for nanoencapsulation using cutting-edge methods. Short conclusion: This review examines how different encapsulating bioactive materials can improve encapsulating films or coatings. The advent of nanotechnology has opened up a wide range of possibilities for the development, design, and formulation of innovative pharmaceuticals. The food and pharmaceutical industry can focus its attention on products that have added value through the various enhancements offered by nanoencapsulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The trial aimed to compare the clinical performance and radiographic success of ACTIVA BioACTIVE versus Compomer in restoring class-II cavities of primary molars. Materials and methods: A non-inferior split-mouth design was considered. A pre-calculated sample size of 96 molars (48 per group) with class-2 cavities of twenty-one children whose ages ranged from 5 to 10 years were randomly included in the trial. Pre-operative Plaque Index (PI), DMFT/dmft scores and the time required to fill the cavity were recorded. Over 24 months, the teeth were clinically evaluated every six months and radiographically every 12 months by two calibrated and blinded evaluators using the United States public health service (USPHS)-Ryge criteria. The two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in success rate was considered to assess non-inferiority, and the margin was set at -18%. The linear mixed model and Firth's logistic regression model were used for data analysis (P < 0.05). Results: After 24 months, 86 teeth (43 per group) were evaluated. The mean PI score was 1.1(± 0.9), while DMFT/dmft was 0.35 (± 0.74) and 6.55 (± 2.25) respectively. The clinical and radiographic success rate of Dyract vs. ACTIVA was 95.3% and 88.3% vs. 93% and 86%, respectively. The two-sided 95% CI for the difference in success rate (-2.3%) was − 3.2 to 1.3% and didn't reach the predetermined margin of -18% which had been anticipated as the non-inferiority margin. Clinically, ACTIVA had a significantly better colour match (P = 0.002) but worse marginal discolouration (P = 0.0143). There were no significant differences regarding other clinical or radiographic criteria (P > 0.05). ACTIVA took significantly less placement time than Dyract, with a mean difference of 2.37 (± 0.63) minutes (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The performance of ACTIVA was not inferior to Dyract and both materials had a comparable high clinical and radiographic performance in children with high-caries experience. ACTIVA had a significantly better colour match but more marginal discolouration. It took significantly less time to be placed in the oral cavity. Trial registration: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 4 May 2018 (#NCT03516838). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loss of sweat glands (SwGs) commonly associated with extensive skin defects is a leading cause of hyperthermia and heat stroke. In vivo tissue engineering possesses the potential to take use of the body natural ability to regenerate SwGs, making it more conducive to clinical translation. Despite recent advances in regenerative medicine, reconstructing SwG tissue with the same structure and function as native tissue remains challenging. Elucidating the SwG generation mechanism and developing biomaterials for in vivo tissue engineering is essential for understanding and developing in vivo SwG regenerative strategies. Here, we outline the cell biology associated with functional wound healing and the characteristics of bioactive materials. We critically summarize the recent progress in bioactive material-based cell modulation approaches for in vivo SwG regeneration, including the recruitment of endogenous cells to the skin lesion for SwG regeneration and in vivo cellular reprogramming for SwG regeneration. We discussed the re-establishment of microenvironment via bioactive material-mediated regulators. Besides, we offer promising perspectives for directing in situ SwG regeneration via bioactive material-based cell-free strategy, which is a simple and effective approach to regenerate SwG tissue with both fidelity of structure and function. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of in vivo SwG regeneration in detail. The molecular mechanisms and cell fate modulation of in vivo SwG regeneration will provide further insights into the regeneration of patient-specific SwGs and the development of potential intervention strategies for gland-derived diseases.

This study aimed to use the electrospinning technique to encapsulate red cabbage anthocyanins (RCAs) in zein nanoribbons and characterize its release kinetics, antioxidant activity, and color stability in different media. RCAs were loaded in electrospun nanoribbons with five concentrations (2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5 wt%). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) image revealed the successful production of anthocyanins-loaded zein electrospun nanoribbons with porosity in the range of 58.30 to 65.6%. The release kinetics of RCAs from electrospun nanoribbons was investigated in four simulated food media (distilled water, 10% v/v ethanol, 50% v/v ethanol, and 3% v/v acetic acid). The release mechanism of anthocyanins was evaluated using first-order, exponential, Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Higuchi models. The Korsmeyer-Peppas and Higuchi models were defined as the best approach for anthocyanins release profile due to the Fickian diffusion mechanism with R2 > 0.945 and R2 > 0.907, respectively. Also, the results demonstrated DPPH free radical scavenging ranged from 6.5 to 22.5% and appropriate color stability of encapsulated anthocyanins in electrospun nanoribbons at different pH values. Considering the successful anthocyanins encapsulation in electrospun nanoribbons and the degradation reduction due to delay in the release of the active compound, this method could be utilized for red cabbage anthocyanins encapsulation and use in the food industries. This study revealed that electrospinning is a promising method for encapsulating anthocyanins. However, the main limitation of this method is the fiber morphology control in large-scale production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, gelatin (GE) will be used as a carrier to enhance platelet-rich plasma's (PRP) effects on the wound-healing process. PRP/GE was created by conjugating 20% GE with freshly prepared autologous PRP. Following rabbits with experimentally generated full-thickness skin wounds, the ability of the skin to regenerate was evaluated. Evaluation considered the macroscopic features of wounds, wound healing rate % and histologic findings for specimens collected after 3, 10 and 21 days. The PRP/GE treated wounds revealed noticeably improved and better closure. This improvement may be attributable to the advantages of combining PRP with GE as a bioactive substance that may regulate the release of growth factors and support angiogenesis. It might be concluded that PRP/GE has the ability to quicken the healing process. The therapeutic impact of PRP was boosted by the GE carrier. According to these data, PRP/GE may be suggested as a viable therapy for wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spine is the most common site of bone metastases, as 20%–40% of cancer patients suffer from spinal metastases. Treatments for spinal metastases are scarce and palliative, primarily aiming at relieving bone pain and preserving neurological function. The bioactive agents-mediated therapies are the most effective modalities for treating spinal metastases because they achieve systematic and specific tumor regression. However, the clinical applications of some bioactive agents are limited due to the lack of targeting capabilities, severe side effects, and vulnerability of drug resistance. Fortunately, advanced biomaterials have been developed as excipients to enhance these treatments, including chemotherapy, phototherapy, magnetic hyperthermia therapy, and combination therapy, by improving tumor targeting and enabling sustaining and stimuli-responsive release of various therapeutic agents. Herein, the review summarizes the development of biomaterials-mediated bioactive agents for enhanced treatments of spinal metastases and predicts future research trends. [Display omitted] • Biomaterials show excellent advantages in enhancing bioactive agents-based therapies for spinal metastases. • Biomaterials improve tumor targeting and enable sustaining and stimuli-responsive release of various therapeutic agents. • Formulations composed of biomaterials are generally presented as nanoparticles and scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tinospora genus is widely utilized because of its numerous bioactive compounds. This work aimed to isolate the bioactive constituents and antibacterial activities of the T. cordifolia plant. Maceration, column chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography plates were utilized to identify and visualize the extracted and isolated compounds. Total phenolics and flavonoids in the extracts and active fractions were also analysed. Substances were identified through their molecular structure and molecular mass. The names, molecular weights, and structures of the components of the test materials were verified using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR, HMQC, and HMBC). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 3294, 156, and 32 µg/mL for the crude extract, active fraction, and isolate of T. cordifolia, respectively. The total phenol active fraction was 38.44 mg GAE/g, while the total flavonoid content was 79.46 mg QE/g. N-trans-Feruloyltyramine or Moupinamide, a phenol group compound with a molecular ion weight of 314 m/z (M + H)+, was successfully isolated as the bioactive compound. The moupinamide isolate may be responsible for the antibacterial activity of T. cordifolia in this work. Our findings indicate that the bioactive isolate from T. cordifolia is a potential source of green material and exhibits the potential to inhibit P. aeruginosa biofilm, which is responsible for microbial corrosion.

BACKGROUND: With the development of chemical synthesis technology, according to the characteristics of bioactive scaffolds, the fabrication of multicomponent and multifunctional composite scaffolds by material combination and material design to repair osteoporotic bone defects has become a research hotspot. OBJECTIVE: To introduce bioactive bone tissue engineering scaffolds, discuss and summarize the application of different scaffold materials and their designs in repairing osteoporotic bone defects. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Springerlink, Medline, Wanfang and CNKI databases were retrieved with “osteoporosis, bone defect, scaffold” as Chinese and English key words for relevant articles on the repair of osteoporotic bone defects with bioactive scaffolds published from 2008 to 2022. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The implantation of bioactive scaffolds has brought a new method for repairing osteoporotic bone defects, such as metal materials, bioceramics, polymers and other bioactive scaffolds, which have a good role in promoting bone regeneration. However, in the case of unbalanced bone remodeling in osteoporosis, the ability of single-material scaffolds to promote bone regeneration is limited, and poor bone integration often occurs. According to the characteristics of ideal scaffolds and the advantages and disadvantages of various materials, researchers designed and made a series of functional bioactive composite materials to improve bone remodeling and enhance bone integration by incorporating bioactive substances into scaffolds through material combination and material design. With the in-depth understanding of various types of bioactive scaffold materials, their advantages, disadvantages and limitations will be clarified. Based on the idea of scaffold design, from single component to multi-component combination, through surface modification, 3D printing and other means, the bioactive scaffolds will be gradually applied in the treatment of osteoporotic bone defects in a more multifunctional and efficient manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In tissue engineering, bioactive materials play an important role, providing structural support, cell regulation and establishing a suitable microenvironment to promote tissue regeneration. As the main component of extracellular matrix, collagen is an important natural bioactive material and it has been widely used in scientific research and clinical applications. Collagen is available from a wide range of animal origin, it can be produced by synthesis or through recombinant protein production systems. The use of pure collagen has inherent disadvantages in terms of physico-chemical properties. For this reason, a processed collagen in different ways can better match the specific requirements as biomaterial for tissue repair. Here, collagen may be used in bone/cartilage regeneration, skin regeneration, cardiovascular repair and other fields, by following different processing methods, including cross-linked collagen, complex, structured collagen, mineralized collagen, carrier and other forms, promoting the development of tissue engineering. This review summarizes a wide range of applications of collagen-based biomaterials and their recent progress in several tissue regeneration fields. Furthermore, the application prospect of bioactive materials based on collagen was outlooked, aiming at inspiring more new progress and advancements in tissue engineering research. Graphical Abstract

This systematic review provides an update on the development and efficacy of direct restorative dental materials for root caries interventions from in vitro and clinical studies. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using specific MeSH keywords. Full articles from September 1990 to October 2021 were collected. Additional articles were identified by reference retrieval and manual searching. Studies not related to restorative materials for root caries treatment, case reports, non-original articles, and/or articles not written in English were excluded. Bias risk assessment was performed for the clinical studies. Forty-two articles (eleven clinical studies and thirty-one in vitro studies) were included for analysis. Most in vitro studies indicated an excellent cariostatic effect of glass ionomer cement. Resin-modified glass ionomer restorations also presented reduced recurrent caries activity but had a lower efficacy than glass ionomer cement restorations. For composite resin restorations, the main material development strategies are to strengthen the tooth structure and integrate antimicrobial activity. The clinical studies offered limited data, so the most appropriate material for surface root caries treatment is still inconclusive. However, atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is an alternative treatment for patients with limiting conditions. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy of bioactive materials.

In this study, the novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by the marine bacterium Alteromonas macleodii Mo 169 was used as a stabilizer and capping agent in the preparation of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). The synthesized nanoparticles were well dispersed and spherical with an average particle size of 32 nm. The cytotoxicity of the EPS and the EPS/SeNPs bio-nanocomposite was investigated on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and fibroblast (CCD-1079Sk) cell lines. No cytotoxicity was found for the EPS alone for concentrations up to 1 g L−1. A cytotoxic effect was only noticed for the bio-nanocomposite at the highest concentrations tested (0.5 and 1 g L−1). In vitro experiments demonstrated that non-cytotoxic concentrations of the EPS/SeNPs bio-nanocomposite had a significant cellular antioxidant effect on the HaCaT cell line by reducing ROS levels up to 33.8%. These findings demonstrated that the A. macleodii Mo 169 EPS can be efficiently used as a stabilizer and surface coating to produce a SeNP-based bio-nanocomposite with improved antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo initial microbial adhesion of oral microorganisms on the biomaterial Biodentine compared to MTA and AH Plus. Cylindrical samples of the materials were prepared, and dentin slabs served as a control. An individual intraoral lower jaw splint served as a carrier for the samples and was worn by six volunteers. The specimens were worn for 120 min. Adherent bacteria were quantified by determining the colony-forming units (CFUs), while the visualization and quantification of total adherent microorganisms were facilitated by using DAPI and live/dead staining combined with fluorescence microscopy. Bovine dentin had a significantly higher number of aerobic CFUs compared to Biodentine (p = 0.017) and MTA (p = 0.013). The lowest amounts of DAPI-stained adherent microorganisms were quantified for Biodentine (15% ± 9%) and the control (18% ± 9%), while MTA showed the highest counts of initially adherent microorganisms (38% ± 10%). Significant differences were found for MTA and Biodentine (p = 0.004) as well as for MTA and the control (p = 0.021) and for AH Plus and the control (p = 0.025). Biodentine inhibited microbial adherence, thereby yielding an antimicrobial effectivity similar to that of MTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional dental materials lack of the hierarchical architecture of enamel that exhibits excellent intrinsic-extrinsic mechanical properties. Moreover, restorative failures frequently occur due to physical and chemical mismatch between artificial materials and native dental hard tissue followed by recurrent caries which is caused by sugar-fermenting, acidogenic bacteria invasion of the defective cite. In order to resolve the limitations of the conventional dental materials, the aim of this study was to establish a non-cell-based biomimetic strategy to fabricate a novel bioactive material with enamel-like structure and antibacterial adhesion property. The evaporation-based, bottom-up and self-assembly method with layer-by-layer technique were used to form a large-area fluorapatite crystal layer containing antibacterial components. The multilayered structure was constructed by hydrothermal growth of the fluorapatite crystal layer and highly conformal adsorption to the crystal surface of a polyelectrolyte matrix film. Characterization and mechanical assessment demonstrated that the synthesized bioactive material resembled the native enamel in chemical components, mechanical properties and crystallographic structure. Antibacterial and cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that this material had the antibacterial adhesion property and biocompatibility. In combination with the molecular dynamics simulations to reveal the effects of variables on the crystallization mechanism, this study brings new prospects for the synthesis of enamel-inspired materials.

Neurotrophic factors, currently administered orally or by intravenous drip or intramuscular injection, are the main method for the treatment of peripheral nerve crush injury. However, the low effective drug concentration arriving at the injury site results in unsatisfactory outcomes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a treatment method that can increase the effective drug concentration in the injured area. In this study, we first fabricated a gelatin modified by methacrylic anhydride hydrogel and loaded it with vascular endothelial growth factor that allowed the controlled release of the neurotrophic factor. This modified gelatin exhibited good physical and chemical properties, biocompatibility and supported the adhesion and proliferation of RSC96 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. When injected into the epineurium of crushed nerves, the composite hydrogel in the rat sciatic nerve crush injury model promoted nerve regeneration, functional recovery and vascularization. The results showed that the modified gelatin gave sustained delivery of vascular endothelial growth factors and accelerated the repair of crushed peripheral nerves.

In tissue engineering, bioactive materials play an important role, providing structural support, cell regulation and establishing a suitable microenvironment to promote tissue regeneration. As the main component of extracellular matrix, collagen is an important natural bioactive material and it has been widely used in scientific research and clinical applications. Collagen is available from a wide range of animal origin, it can be produced by synthesis or through recombinant protein production systems. The use of pure collagen has inherent disadvantages in terms of physico-chemical properties. For this reason, a processed collagen in different ways can better match the specific requirements as biomaterial for tissue repair. Here, collagen may be used in bone/cartilage regeneration, skin regeneration, cardiovascular repair and other fields, by following different processing methods, including cross-linked collagen, complex, structured collagen, mineralized collagen, carrier and other forms, promoting the development of tissue engineering. This review summarizes a wide range of applications of collagen-based biomaterials and their recent progress in several tissue regeneration fields. Furthermore, the application prospect of bioactive materials based on collagen was outlooked, aiming at inspiring more new progress and advancements in tissue engineering research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review provides an update on the development and efficacy of direct restorative dental materials for root caries interventions from in vitro and clinical studies. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using specific MeSH keywords. Full articles from September 1990 to October 2021 were collected. Additional articles were identified by reference retrieval and manual searching. Studies not related to restorative materials for root caries treatment, case reports, non-original articles, and/or articles not written in English were excluded. Bias risk assessment was performed for the clinical studies. Forty-two articles (eleven clinical studies and thirty-one in vitro studies) were included for analysis. Most in vitro studies indicated an excellent cariostatic effect of glass ionomer cement. Resin-modified glass ionomer restorations also presented reduced recurrent caries activity but had a lower efficacy than glass ionomer cement restorations. For composite resin restorations, the main material development strategies are to strengthen the tooth structure and integrate antimicrobial activity. The clinical studies offered limited data, so the most appropriate material for surface root caries treatment is still inconclusive. However, atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is an alternative treatment for patients with limiting conditions. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy of bioactive materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As the biocompatibility and bioactive potential of repair materials are desired characteristics in dentistry, the tissue response of Bio‐C Pulpo, a bioceramic material launched on the marked by Angelus (Brazil), was compared with Biodentine (Septodont, France) and White MTA (WMTA; Angelus, Brazil). In 32 rats, 148 polyethylene tubes filled with Bio‐C Pulpo, Biodentine or WMTA, and empty (CG, control group) were implanted into subcutaneous tissues for 7, 15, 30, and 60 days. The capsule thickness, numerical density of inflammatory cells (IC) and fibroblasts (Fb), amount of collagen, immunohistochemistry detection of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and osteocalcin (OCN), von Kossa and analysis under polarized light were performed. Data were subjected to two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05). At 7 and 15 days, the capsules around Bio‐C Pulpo were thicker than in WMTA while, at 30 and 60 days, significant differences were not observed among the groups. Although at 7, 15, and 30 days, a greater number of IL‐6‐immunostained cells was found in Bio‐C Pulpo and Biodentine than in WMTA, no significant difference was detected among the groups at 60 days. In all groups, the number of Fb and collagen content increased significantly over time. The capsules around materials exhibited von Kossa‐positive and birefringent structures, and OCN‐immunostained cells whereas, in the CG, these structures were not observed. Bio‐C Pulpo, similarly to Biodentine and WMTA, is biocompatible, allows the connective tissue repair and presents bioactive potential in connective tissue of rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the scar-free wound healing in infants, an anti-scar strategy is proposed by accelerating wound healing using silicate bioactive materials. Bioglass/alginate composite hydrogels are applied, which significantly inhibit scar formation in rabbit ear scar models. The underlining mechanisms include stimulation of Integrin Subunit Alpha 2 expression in dermal fibroblasts to accelerate wound healing, and induction of apoptosis of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by directly stimulating the N-Acylsphingosine Amidohydrolase 2 expression in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts, and indirectly upregulating the secretion of Cathepsin K in dermal fibroblasts. Considering specific functions of the bioactive silicate materials, two scar treatment regimes are tested. For severe scars, a regenerative intervention is applied by surgical removal of the scar followed by the treatment with bioactive hydrogels to reduce the formation of scars by activating dermal fibroblasts. For mild scars, the bioactive dressing is applied on the formed scar and reduces scar by inducing scar fibroblasts apoptosis., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Hydrophilic bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is easily degraded and difficult to load onto hydrophobic carrier materials, which limits the application of polyester materials in bone tissue engineering. Based on soybean-lecithin as an adjuvant biosurfactant, we designed a novel cell-free-scaffold of polymer of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-co-polyetherimide with abundant entrapped and continuously released BMP2 for in vivo stem cell-capture and in situ osteogenic induction, avoiding the use of exogenous cells. The optimized bioactive osteo-polyester scaffold (BOPSC), i.e. SBMP-10SC, had a high BMP2 entrapment efficiency of 95.35%. Due to its higher porosity of 83.42%, higher water uptake ratio of 850%, and sustained BMP2 release with polymer degradation, BOPSCs were demonstrated to support excellent in vitro capture, proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of mouse adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (mADSCs), and performed much better than traditional BMP-10SCs with unmodified BMP2 and single polyester scaffolds (10SCs). Furthermore, in vivo capture and migration of stem cells and differentiation into osteoblasts was observed in mice implanted with BOPSCs without exogenous cells, which enabled allogeneic bone formation with a high bone mineral density and ratios of new bone volume to existing tissue volume after 6 months. The BOPSC is an advanced 3D cell-free platform with sustained BMP2 supply for in situ stem cell capture and osteoinduction in bone tissue engineering with potential for clinical translation.

Clinicians always face a challenge in selecting the appropriate material for clinical use. Presently, the term bioactive is being used judiciously and unquestionably in the field of dental materials. The introduction of nanotechnology brought about a revolution in material science leading to the development of bioactive materials for caries prevention and management. This review comprehensively evaluates the use of bioactive materials for modification of the oral biome, prevention of dental caries, and the management of dental caries as restorative materials. Six online database (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library) were systematically searched using broad keywords. Published articles were scrutinized, analyzed and the full-text articles were selected. Data reveals relatively limited application of tissue engineering and regeneration for enamel and dentin due to their limited ability to remodel. However, many steps are being taken in biomimetic approach for the modification of dentin. The path to overcoming any challenges will require active collaboration among clinicians, a material scientist and pulp biologist.

The present paper is the first article providing a systematic literature review on the visualization of tertiary dentin influenced by modern bioactive materials in CBCT and micro-CT. Six database searches of studies on tertiary dentin visualization using CBCT produced 622 records in total, and the search of the studies on tertiary dentin using micro-CT produced 502 records in total. The results were thoroughly selected considering the inclusion criteria, and five research papers using CBCT and nine research papers using micro-CT for visualization of tertiary dentin were eventually qualified for the analysis. All the non-randomized and randomized studies presented good and high levels of quality evidence, respectively. Among the bioactive materials used, the most frequently analysed were: MTA, Biodentine dentin matrix hydrogel, Pro Root MTA, and EndoSequence root repair material. The highest thickness of the tertiary dentin was achieved after the use of MTA material in both imaging techniques. The remaining parameters had different results, taking into account the CBCT and micro-CT analysis. The possibilities of the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the particular parameters of tertiary dentin using CBCT and micro-CT techniques were presented and analysed. CBCT and micro-CT analyses can be useful in the assessment of tertiary dentin formed beneath the bioactive material applied during vital pulp treatment. The research argues that the presented results differ depending on the material applied to the pulp, the study duration (4–6 weeks), difference in teeth, species (rats, human), as well as the applied technique and differences in computer software used for the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin wound repair is a multistage process involving multiple cellular and molecular interactions, which modulate the cell behaviors and dynamic remodeling of extracellular matrices to maximize regeneration and repair. Consequently, abnormalities in cell functions or pathways inevitably give rise to side effects, such as dysregulated inflammation, hyperplasia of nonmigratory epithelial cells, and lack of response to growth factors, which impedes angiogenesis and fibrosis. These issues may cause delayed wound healing or even non‐healing states. Current clinical therapeutic approaches are predominantly dedicated to preventing infections and alleviating topical symptoms rather than addressing the modulation of wound microenvironments to achieve targeted outcomes. Bioactive materials, relying on their chemical, physical, and biological properties or as carriers of bioactive substances, can affect wound microenvironments and promote wound healing at the molecular level. By addressing the mechanisms of wound healing from the perspective of cell behaviors, this review discusses how bioactive materials modulate the microenvironments and cell behaviors within the wounds during the stages of hemostasis, anti‐inflammation, tissue regeneration and deposition, and matrix remodeling. A deeper understanding of cell behaviors during wound healing is bound to promote the development of more targeted and efficient bioactive materials for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The nature and progression of acute and chronic carious lesion are extremely variable on different tooth surfaces. Early detection of dental caries is challenging for clinicians and involves careful visual and tactile examination. Caries detection dyes and chemomechanical caries removal solutions guide the clinicians in the removal of infected dentin. This study aims to prepare and analyze the physical, chemical, and thermal characterizations of novel bioactive caries detecting dye solution (BCD) and its effectiveness in caries removal from the tooth structure. Materials and Methods: BCD is a combination of contrast agent (iobitridol), chitosan (CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP), and coloring agent. It is synthesized, lyophilized, and subjected to Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis. Pilot study was conducted by applying BCD on two extracted carious teeth for evaluating caries removal efficiency under a microscope (10x). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis was done to assess the percentage of dentinal tubules occlusion. Results: FTIR, XRD, and DSC analysis revealed that BCD has compatible interfacial bond between the components and is endothermic. Effective caries removal was seen under a microscope and SEM analysis revealed mean 77.66% of dentinal tubules occlusion. Conclusion: BCD is a stable solution without exothermic reaction, has caries identifying potential, and helps in caries removal. BCD is also bioactive in nature due to the presence of CS and nHAP as ingredients.

The use of autografted nerve in surgical repair of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) is severely limited due to donor site morbidity and restricted tissue availability. As an alternative, synthetic nerve guidance channels (NGCs) are available on the market for surgical nerve repair, but they fail to promote nerve regeneration across larger critical gap nerve injuries. Therefore, such injuries remain unaddressed, result in poor healing outcomes and are a limiting factor in limb reconstruction and transplantation. On the other hand, a myriad of advanced biomaterial strategies to address critical nerve injuries are proposed in preclinical literature but only few of those have found their way into clinical practice. The design of synthetic nerve grafts should follow rational criteria and make use of a combination of bioinstructive cues to actively promote nerve regeneration. To identify the most promising NGC designs for translation into applicable products, thorough mode of action studies, standardized readouts and validation in large animals are needed. We identify design criteria for NGC fabrication according to the current state of research, give a broad overview of bioactive and functionalized biomaterials and highlight emerging composite implant strategies using therapeutic cells, soluble factors, structural features and intrinsically conductive substrates. Finally, we discuss translational progress in bioartificial conduits for nerve repair from the surgeon’s perspective and give an outlook toward future challenges in the field.

Abstract Skin wound repair is a multistage process involving multiple cellular and molecular interactions, which modulate the cell behaviors and dynamic remodeling of extracellular matrices to maximize regeneration and repair. Consequently, abnormalities in cell functions or pathways inevitably give rise to side effects, such as dysregulated inflammation, hyperplasia of nonmigratory epithelial cells, and lack of response to growth factors, which impedes angiogenesis and fibrosis. These issues may cause delayed wound healing or even non‐healing states. Current clinical therapeutic approaches are predominantly dedicated to preventing infections and alleviating topical symptoms rather than addressing the modulation of wound microenvironments to achieve targeted outcomes. Bioactive materials, relying on their chemical, physical, and biological properties or as carriers of bioactive substances, can affect wound microenvironments and promote wound healing at the molecular level. By addressing the mechanisms of wound healing from the perspective of cell behaviors, this review discusses how bioactive materials modulate the microenvironments and cell behaviors within the wounds during the stages of hemostasis, anti‐inflammation, tissue regeneration and deposition, and matrix remodeling. A deeper understanding of cell behaviors during wound healing is bound to promote the development of more targeted and efficient bioactive materials for clinical applications.

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Mexicana de Odontología Pediátrica (2594-1798) is the property of Academia Mexicana de Odontologia Pediatrica, A. C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Developing highly bioactive scaffold materials to promote stem cell migration, proliferation and tissue-specific differentiation is a crucial requirement in current tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Our previous work has demonstrated that the decellularized tendon slices (DTSs) are able to promote stem cell proliferation and tenogenic differentiation in vitro and show certain pro-regenerative capacity for rotator cuff tendon regeneration in vivo. In this study, we present a strategy to further improve the bioactivity of the DTSs for constructing a novel highly bioactive tendon-regenerative scaffold by surface modification of tendon-specific stem cell-derived extracellular matrix (tECM), which is expected to greatly enhance the capacity of scaffold material in regulating stem cell behavior, including migration, proliferation and tenogenic differentiation. We prove that the modification of tECM could change the highly aligned surface topographical cues of the DTSs, retain the surface stiffness of the DTSs and significantly increase the content of multiple ECM components in the tECM-DTSs. As a result, the tECM-DTSs dramatically enhance the migration, proliferation as well as tenogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived stem cells compared with the DTSs. Collectively, this strategy would provide a new way for constructing ECM-based biomaterials with enhanced bioactivity for in situ tendon regeneration applications. Open in new tab Download slide [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by the marine bacterium Alteromonas macleodii Mo 169 was used as a stabilizer and capping agent in the preparation of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). The synthesized nanoparticles were well dispersed and spherical with an average particle size of 32 nm. The cytotoxicity of the EPS and the EPS/SeNPs bio-nanocomposite was investigated on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and fibroblast (CCD-1079Sk) cell lines. No cytotoxicity was found for the EPS alone for concentrations up to 1 g L−1. A cytotoxic effect was only noticed for the bio-nanocomposite at the highest concentrations tested (0.5 and 1 g L−1). In vitro experiments demonstrated that non-cytotoxic concentrations of the EPS/SeNPs bio-nanocomposite had a significant cellular antioxidant effect on the HaCaT cell line by reducing ROS levels up to 33.8%. These findings demonstrated that the A. macleodii Mo 169 EPS can be efficiently used as a stabilizer and surface coating to produce a SeNP-based bio-nanocomposite with improved antioxidant activity.

The use of membrane-based guided bone regeneration techniques has great potential for single-stage reconstruction of critical-sized bone defects. Here, a multifunctional bone regeneration membrane combining flexible elasticity, electrical stimulation (ES) and osteoinductive activity is developed by in situ doping of MXene 2D nanomaterials with conductive functionality and β-TCP particles into a Poly(lactic acid-carbonate (PDT) composite nano-absorbable membrane (P/T/MXene) via electrostatic spinning technique. The composite membrane has good feasibility due to its temperature sensitivity, elastic memory capacity, coordinated degradation profile and easy preparation process. In vitro experiments showed the P/T/MXene membrane effectively promoted the recruitment and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under ES and enhanced the angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells, which synergistically promoted bone regeneration through neovascularization. In addition, an in vivo rat model of cranial bone defects further confirmed the bone regeneration efficacy of the P/T/MXene membrane. In conclusion, the developed P/T/MXene membrane can effectively promote bone regeneration through their synergistic multifunctional effects, suggesting the membranes have great potential for guiding tissue regeneration and providing guidance for the biomaterials design., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo initial microbial adhesion of oral microorganisms on the biomaterial Biodentine compared to MTA and AH Plus. Cylindrical samples of the materials were prepared, and dentin slabs served as a control. An individual intraoral lower jaw splint served as a carrier for the samples and was worn by six volunteers. The specimens were worn for 120 min. Adherent bacteria were quantified by determining the colony-forming units (CFUs), while the visualization and quantification of total adherent microorganisms were facilitated by using DAPI and live/dead staining combined with fluorescence microscopy. Bovine dentin had a significantly higher number of aerobic CFUs compared to Biodentine (p = 0.017) and MTA (p = 0.013). The lowest amounts of DAPI-stained adherent microorganisms were quantified for Biodentine (15% ± 9%) and the control (18% ± 9%), while MTA showed the highest counts of initially adherent microorganisms (38% ± 10%). Significant differences were found for MTA and Biodentine (p = 0.004) as well as for MTA and the control (p = 0.021) and for AH Plus and the control (p = 0.025). Biodentine inhibited microbial adherence, thereby yielding an antimicrobial effectivity similar to that of MTA.

MXene nanomaterials have sparked significant interest among interdisciplinary researchers to tackle today's medical challenges. In particular, colloidal MXene quantum dots (MQDs) offer the high specific surface area and compositional flexibility of MXene while providing improvements to aqueous stability and material–cell interactions. The current study for the first time reports the development and application of immunoengineered tantalum‐carbide (Ta4C3Tx) MQDs for in vivo treatment of transplant vasculopathy. This report comes at a critical juncture in the field as poor long‐term safety of other MXene compositions challenge the eventual clinical translatability of these materials. Using rational design and synthesis strategies, the Ta4C3Tx MQDs leverage the intrinsic anti‐inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties of tantalum to provide a novel nanoplatform for biomedical engineering. In particular, these MQDs are synthesized with high efficiency and purity using a facile hydrofluoric acid‐free protocol and are enriched with different bioactive functional groups and stable surface TaO2 and Ta2O5. Furthermore, MQDs are spontaneously uptaken into antigen‐presenting endothelial cells and alter surface receptor expression to reduce their activation of allogeneic T‐lymphocytes. Finally, when applied in vivo, Ta4C3Tx MQDs ameliorate the cellular and structural changes of early allograft vasculopathy. These findings highlight the robust potential of tailored Ta4C3Tx MQDs for future applications in medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Spinal fusion cages have been used in spinal fusion surgery for over 20 years. Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) cages are one of the most widely used materials. However, an increasing number of clinical and preclinical studies have shown that as a bioinert material the PEEK cage causes implant failure owing to limited osseointegration. The most common complication is a radiolucent zone at the bone-implant interface. Nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) is a bioactive composite with sufficient load-bearing properties and good osseointegration abilities. However, in the early stage after surgery, a radiolucent gap can also be observed at the margin of the bone-implant interface. To better assess osseointegration performance as a fusion cage and compare the radiolucent gaps between the two materials, PEEK and n-HA/PA66, implants were prepared and implanted into the femoral condyles of adult New Zealand white rabbits to create a line-to-line bone-implant interface model. The interfaces were systematically investigated using X-ray radiography, histological analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental mapping analysis, micro-computed tomography evaluation, and push-out tests at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 52 weeks. Analysis of X-ray films and histological sections indicated a radiolucent gap around the margin of n-HA/PA66 in the early weeks after implantation (4–8 weeks). The gap narrowed and decreased gradually at 24–52 weeks. Histological analysis and SEM suggested that the formed bone could integrate and adhere in some regions of the implant surface. In addition, a better bone-like apatite layer was formed between the bone and the n-HA/PA66 implant interface than with the PEEK implant. Push-out tests conducted at 24 and 52 weeks to evaluate integrated strength showed that the n-HA/PA66 implants have better bonding strength and sufficient stability, whereas PEEK implants possess poor integrated strength. Therefore, the n-HA/PA66 composite exhibits good osseointegration properties and an improved integrated bone-implant interface.

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Mexicana de Odontología Pediátrica (2594-1798) is the property of Academia Mexicana de Odontologia Pediatrica, A. C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dental cement materials have been developed with the aim to replace hard dental tissues. The first material used for pulp capping, root canal obturation, bifurcation perforation and apexification is calcium hydroxide (in 1920). A half century later, glass-ionomer cements began to suppress it as dentine substitutes. Finally, in the 1990s, calcium silicate (CS) material appeared in the dental research community as the most promising dentine substitute capable to adequately meet all clinical requirements. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of literature related to studies about CS materials taking into account their physical, chemical and biological properties and clinical applications. This review aims to discuss beneficial and adverse characteristics of CSs concerning interactions to the hard dentine and soft pulp/periodontal tissues. This review article deals with the literature data about currently commercially available CS concerning laboratory and clinical findings. 109 scientific articles were analyzed of which 62 references reported in vitro and 26 in vivo investigations while 21 references comprised reports, reviews and books dealing with both, in vitro and in vivo investigations. Although further data collection is necessary, CSs are promising materials that represent a gold standard for numerous dental clinical procedures. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 172026 and Grant no. III 45005]

In this study, nano hydroxyapatite/graphene oxide (nHA/GO) composites were successfully modified by polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and chitosan. In vitro cell viability was studied using the MTT assay and ALP activity of the MG-63 osteoblastic cell line. Biocompatibility results revealed that nHA/GO composites modified with synthetic polymers showed enhanced cell viability in comparison to the control and composites with natural polymers. It was found that the viability, cell growth and proliferation of the MG-63 cells improved after 14 days of incubation. The nHA/GO composites modified by synthetic polymers exhibited efficient bioactivity, which was comparable with the conventional composites made from natural polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biosilicate is a bioactive glass–ceramic used in medical and dental applications. This study evaluated novel reparative materials composed of pure tricalcium silicate (TCS), 30% zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and 10 or 20% biosilicate, in comparison with Biodentine. Setting time was evaluated based on ISO 6876 standard, radiopacity by radiographic analysis, solubility by mass loss, and pH by using a pH meter. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and NR assays. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and alizarin red were used to evaluate cell bioactivity. Antimicrobial activity was assessed on Enterococcus faecalis by the direct contact test. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Tukey; Bonferroni and Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn tests (α = 0.05). The association of Biosilicate with TCS + ZrO2 had appropriate setting time, radiopacity, and solubility, alkaline pH, and antimicrobial activity. TCS and Biodentine showed higher ALP activity in 14 days than the control (serum‐free medium). All cements produced mineralized nodules. In conclusion, Biosilicate + TCS ZrO2 decreased the setting time and increased the radiopacity in comparison to TCS. Biosilicate + TCS ZrO2 presented lower solubility and higher radiopacity than Biodentine. In addition, these experimental cements promoted antimicrobial activity and mineralization nodules formation, suggesting their potential for clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton gauze fabrics with improved absorbency through yarn twist optimization and antimicrobial property using nanosilver have been prepared. The absorbency, mass loss (%), dehydration rate, wicking rate, surface morphology, surface chemical nature and antibacterial activity of cotton gauze fabrics have been evaluated. The gauze fabric with low twisted yarn shows better absorbency and vertical wicking rate as compared to that with higher twisted yarn. The cotton gauze fabric with optimized twist multiplier (3.0 TM) is then treated with silver nitrate precursor to form in-situ nanosilver on the surface of cotton by applying elevated pressure and temperature. The surface morphology has been studied by SEM and chemical nature by FTIR. The in-situ technique produces an average nanosilver particle size of 120 ± 48 nm and shows 100% reduction for Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram-negative bacterium) and 99.99% for Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacterium). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The nature and progression of acute and chronic carious lesion are extremely variable on different tooth surfaces. Early detection of dental caries is challenging for clinicians and involves careful visual and tactile examination. Caries detection dyes and chemomechanical caries removal solutions guide the clinicians in the removal of infected dentin. This study aims to prepare and analyze the physical, chemical, and thermal characterizations of novel bioactive caries detecting dye solution (BCD) and its effectiveness in caries removal fromthe tooth structure. Materials and Methods:BCDis a combinationofcontrast agent (iobitridol), chitosan(CS), nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP), and coloring agent. It is synthesized, lyophilized, and subjected to Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis. Pilot study was conducted by applying BCD on two extracted carious teeth for evaluating caries removal efficiency under a microscope (10x). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image analysis was done to assess the percentage of dentinal tubules occlusion. Results: FTIR, XRD, and DSC analysis revealed that BCD has compatible interfacial bond between the components and is endothermic. Effective caries removal was seen under a microscope and SEManalysis revealed mean 77.66%of dentinal tubules occlusion. Conclusion: BCD is a stable solution without exothermic reaction, has caries identifying potential, and helps in caries removal. BCD is also bioactive in nature due to the presence of CS and nHAP as ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of teeth with open apices poses unique challenges in endodontics, requiring effective strategies to promote continued root development and maintain pulp vitality. This abstract explores the utilization of bioactive materials in the treatment of open apices, specifically focusing on their role in achieving optimal outcomes. Bioactive materials, such as Biodentine (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France), have gained prominence for their favourable physiochemical properties, biocompatibility, and ability to stimulate dentinogenesis. The application of a bioactive material as an apical plug not only addresses immediate concerns but also contributes to long-term health and stability. This abstract reviews relevant literature, discusses clinical cases, and emphasizes the importance of tailoring treatment plans to the individual characteristics of open apex cases. The findings underscore the promising role of bioactive materials in reshaping the landscape of endodontic interventions for teeth with open apices, highlighting their potential to enhance both clinical and radiographic success., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Nadgouda et al.)

Background: Dental materials with dentine regenerative properties are preferred over conventional materials. Calcium silicate cements, such as Biodentine, are bioactive and offer excellent sealing ability, making them ideal for various dental treatments., Objectives: This study aimed to fabricate bioactive calcium silicates infused with titanium (Ti) and strontium (Sr) to optimize their neo-angiogenic, antimicrobial, and regenerative properties while maintaining mechanical stability., Methodology: Ti- and Sr-infused calcium silicate cements were synthesized, and their mineral phases were characterized using X-ray diffraction. Morphological and elemental analyses were performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the formation of bioactive material. A hemocompatibility assessment was conducted to evaluate blood compatibility., Results: The presence of Ca 2 , SiO 4 , and SrTiO 3 mineral phases indicated the successful infusion of Ti and Sr into the calcium silicate cement. FESEM and EDS revealed interconnected small spheres and rods in the silicate network with the relevant elemental compositions. Raman spectra verified that Si-O-Si and Ti-O-Ti vibrations exist, validating the formation of a bioactive material. The hemocompatibility assessment demonstrated optimal blood compatibility., Conclusions: This study successfully fabricated an improved calcium silicate-based material with enhanced regenerative properties and excellent biocompatibility. This newly formed substrate holds promise for providing superior restorative solutions and aiding in conservative treatment modalities during dental procedures., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2024, Patel et al.)

Background: Clinically, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is becoming a popular and efficient dental processing technology. Recently, there has been an increasing demand for dental materials that exhibit bioactive properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, and fluoride ion release capacity of 3D-printed dental resins modified with bioactive glass. Materials and methods: The resin FotoDent splint used in the production of removable orthodontic splints, was modified by the addition of two types of bioactive glasses that are capable of releasing fluoride ions. The novel materials used for the production of dental splints were examined for their mechanical, physical, and biological properties (fracture resistance, sorption, solubility, elution of nonpolymeric substances, and release of fluoride ions over time) and cytotoxic effects on cell cultures. Results: Initially, the fracture toughness of the 3D-printed resin was found to be 55 MPa, but after modification with glass, the resistance was reduced to about 50 MPa. Sorption and solubility values of the materials (19.01 ÷ 21.23 µg/mm3 and 0.42 ÷ 1.12 µg/mm3, respectively) complied with the safety limits imposed by ISO standard. Modified resins were capable of releasing fluoride ions, and the maximum releasing effect was observed after 14 days of incubation. Both the modified resins, after four days of contact with human gingival fibroblasts, exhibited moderate cytotoxic properties. Conclusions: The experimental results showed that modification of methacrylate resin, used in 3D printing technology, with bioactive glasses produces novel dental materials that possess desirable bioactive properties. The findings of this study indicate the potential ability of modified polymethacrylate resins to release fluoride ions in the oral cavity environment. The modified materials are characterized with a moderate decrease in physical properties and mild cytotoxicity on direct contact with human fibroblasts.