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This study aimed to investigate the serum biochemical markers' propensity associated with sex chromosome abnormalities (SCAs) and assess the clinical efficacy of SCAs in serum biochemical screening during the second trimester. A retrospective case-control analysis was conducted on pregnant women who underwent serum biochemical screening during the second trimester. The study compared groups of women with SCAs to those with normal chromosome karyotypes to assess changes in biochemical markers. We analysed and compared the performance of serum biochemical screening in each SCA group. The results showed that the alterations in serum biochemical markers varied among the different SCA groups. Typically, the serum biochemical markers of fetal SCAs were either above the 95th percentile or below the 5th percentile. The proportions of high- and intermediate-risk findings for 45,X, 47,XXX, 47,XXY, 47,XYY, and mosaic sex chromosomal abnormalities were 43.48%, 78.95%, 63.89%, 70.59%, and 78.13%, respectively. Besides detecting fetal trisomy 21 and trisomy 18, the current contingent screening procedures may also accidentally identify various fetal SCAs at a rate of 69.18%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early detection of recurrences in gynecological cancers is crucial for women's health. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis through liquid biopsy offers a promising approach for monitoring disease progression and identifying relapses. This study investigated the utility of digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) for ctDNA detection in three gynecological cancer patients with clinically confirmed relapses during a two-year post-surgical follow-up. Patient-specific tumor mutations were identified through whole-exome sequencing (WES) and confirmed via Sanger sequencing. dPCR probes targeting these mutations were used to quantify the ctDNA levels in plasma samples collected throughout the follow-up period, and the findings were compared with standard serum biochemical markers. In two patients, persistent positive dPCR signals for the selected mutations were detected after tumor removal, with ctDNA levels progressively increasing even after post-surgical chemotherapy. Notably, dPCR identified elevated ctDNA levels before an increase in the cancer antigen 125 (CA125) biochemical marker was observed. In the third patient, no ctDNA signals from the two selected mutations were detected despite clinical evidence of recurrence, suggesting the emergence of new mutations. While this study highlights the promise of dPCR for early recurrence detection in gynecological cancers, it also underscores the critical need for comprehensive mutation panels to overcome the inherent challenges posed by tumor heterogeneity and the emergence of new mutations during disease progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: Microencapsulated pomegranate juice can be used as a preventive and palliative treatment of metabolic syndrome. Pomegranate juice possesses therapeutic properties against metabolic syndrome. Microencapsulation of pomegranate juice (MPJ) may extend its shelf life; however, further research is necessary to ascertain its comparative efficacy with fresh juice. This work evaluated the effect of MPJ in an animal model with induced metabolic syndrome (MetS). MetS was induced in Male Wistar rats by administering 30% sucrose orally for 22 weeks. Once MetS was verified in the animals, seven groups were formed as follows: control (Ctrl); MetS; MetS + Placebo; Ctrl + MPJ; MetS + MPJ1 600; MetS + MPJ2 1800; and MetS + MPJ3 2900 mg/kg. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, and total HDL-c levels in the MetS + MPJ groups improved significantly (p < 0.05) vs. the MetS group at the end of the study. Microencapsulation maintained the anti-metabolic-syndrome properties of pomegranate juice and could be used to control metabolic syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bassinosteroids (BRs) can induce plant defence responses and promote plant growth. In this work, we evaluated the effect of a natural (EP24) and a synthetic (BB16) brassinosteroid on strawberry (Fragaria vesca) plants exposed to saline stress. Treated plants showed higher shoot dry weight and root growth compared to untreated control plants. In BR-treated plants, crown diameters increased 66% and 40%, leaf area 148% and 112%, relative water content in leaves 84% and 61%, and SPAD values 24% and 26%, in response to BB16 and EP24, respectively. A marked stomatal closure, increased leaflet lignification, and a decrease in cortex thickness, root diameter and stele radius were also observed in treated plants. Treatments also reduces stress-induced damage, as plants showed a 34% decrease in malondialdehyde content and a lower proline content compared to control plants. A 22% and 15% increase in ascorbate peroxidase and total phenolic compound activities was observed in response to BB16, and a 24% increase in total flavonoid compound in response to both BRs, under stress conditions. These results allow us to propose the use of BRs as an environmentally safe crop management strategy to overcome salinity situations that severely affect crop yield. Climate change subjects crops to increasingly unfavourable environmental situations, such as soil salinity, which is very harmful to crops. The results of our work provide valuable information that could be useful for solve this problem. It was possible to verify the beneficial effect of brassinosteroids in strawberry (Fragaria vesca) plants exposed to saline stress, so we propose the use of these compounds as an environmentally safe crop management strategy to overcome situations of salinity that seriously reduce crop health and yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of cold-pressed maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz) seed oil (MO) on liver metabolism and biochemical markers in a high-fat diet (HFD) murine model. In it, the fatty acid profile, tocopherol and tocotrienol contents, and antioxidant capacity of MO were analyzed. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (i.e., a, b, c, and d groups) and supplemented for 12 weeks according to the following distribution: (a) control diet (CD)-sunflower oil (SO), (b) CD+MO, (c) HFD+SO, and (d) HFD+MO. Total body and organ weights, serum markers, and liver fat infiltration were assessed. MO contained 32.31% oleic acid, 46.41% linoleic acid, and 10.83% α-linolenic acid; additionally, α- and γ-tocopherol levels were 339.09 ± 5.15 and 135.52 ± 38.03 mg/kg, respectively, while β-, δ-tocopherol, and α-tocotrienol were present in trace amounts and the antioxidant capacity measured was 6.66 ± 0.19 μmol Trolox equivalent/g. MO supplementation significantly reduced the visceral fat (0.76 ± 0.06 g vs. 1.32 ± 0.04 g) and GPT (glutamate pyruvate transaminase) levels (71.8 ± 5.0 vs. 35.2 ± 2.6 U/L), and the liver fat infiltration score (6 vs. 3) in the HFD+MO group compared to HFD+SO. It is suggested that MO may effectively prevent fatty liver disease, warranting further research on its potential benefits for human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting millions of people across the world. Trayodashang guggulu (TG) is a classical Ayurvedic formulation used for the treating joint diseases since decades in the Indian system of traditional medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate anti-arthritic activity of TG against complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Methods: Arthritis was induced by single injection of 0.1 ml complete Freund's adjuvant into the intraplanter surface of left hind paw of Wistar rats. TG was administered orally at the doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. In the preventive dose group, TG was administered at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, orally for 28 days. Paw swelling, joint circumference, serum rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, serum IL-1β, TNF-α and histopathological parameters were assessed for the evaluation of arthritis. Effects of TG were compared with standard allopathic drug ibuprofen. Results: TG reversed complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats when used for 14 and 28 days. Serum rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased in rats treated with both standard drug ibuprofen and TG. Conclusion: Oral administration of TG reduced experimentally induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats by reversing elevated level of serum biochemical markers as well as reducing joint destruction similar to ibuprofen. Results obtained from the study paved the way in exploring more specific mechanisms of action of TG involving in vitro and in silico models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individuals undergoing cardiac surgery face an increased risk of bleeding, as well as alterations in biochemical and coagulation patterns. Therefore, assessing the effectiveness of systems such as Cell Salvage is necessary to prevent potential surgical complications. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Cell Salvage in relation to the biochemical parameters of the red blood series and coagulation, as well as the risk of hemorrhage. Methods: A systematic review, accompanied by a meta-analysis, was executed via an extensive literature exploration encompassing Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria comprised studies in English or Spanish, without year restrictions, conducted in adults and with a randomized controlled trial design. Results: Twenty-six studies were included in the systematic review, involving a total of 2850 patients (experimental group = 1415; control group = 1435). Cell Salvage did not demonstrate superior outcomes compared to allogeneic transfusions in the management of post-surgical hemorrhage, as well as in total blood loss, platelet count, fresh frozen plasma, and fibrinogen. However, Cell Salvage showed a greater effectiveness for hemoglobin (moderate evidence), hematocrit (low evidence), post intervention D-dimer (low evidence), and some coagulation-related parameters (low evidence) compared to allogeneic transfusions. Finally, better results were found in the control group for INR parameters. Conclusions: The use of the Cell Salvage system holds high potential to improve the postoperative levels of biochemical and coagulation parameters. However, the results do not provide definitive evidence regarding its effectiveness for hemorrhage control, platelet count, fresh frozen plasma, and fibrinogen. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the number of studies to assess the impact of the Cell Salvage system on improvements in the red blood cell count and patient coagulation patterns. In addition, protocols should be homogenized, and variables such as the sex of the participants should be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): Traditionally, Bee venom (BV) is used through stinging or injection to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to assess the side effects of local bee venom nanoemulsions (BV-NEs) in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model by examining biochemical and hematological parameters. Materials and Methods: The BV-NEs were prepared, and the CIA model was induced in rats. After the seventh day, the groups were locally treated for two weeks as the following: blank (free treatment), negative control (NE-0), positive control (hydrocortisone acetate ointment 1%, 50 mg/day), BV control (37.5 µg/ml/ day), and BV-NEs receiving 75, 37.5, 18.75, and 9.37 µg/ml/day. Three steps of blood sampling were done on days 0, 7, and 21 (healthy rats, before treatment, and at the end of treatment, respectively). Results: The results revealed that blood levels of Glucose, Cholesterol, Urea, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), White blood cell (WBC), and %Neutrophil significantly increased before the treatment. Nevertheless, most parameters declined at the end of the treatment compared to the blank and negative control groups about BV-NEs dose-dependently. The drastic changes in biochemical parameters in the CIA model indicated the effect of the immune system function on the metabolic system. Also, NE's impact of BV passed through the skin on these items. Conclusion: BV-NEs can reduce inflammation caused by arthritis without acute adverse effects on the routine biochemical and hematological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In agriculture, plant protection products are used to improve crop yields. They pose a threat to organisms that are not the target of their control. For this purpose, biopesticides have been used, which are supposed to show less toxicity to the environment and non-targeted organisms. On the other hand, natural pesticides can also show toxicity to insects. The honey bee is one of the insects that is still exposed to contact with residues of plant protection products, which poses a threat to this organism. Honey bees use pollen and nectar from flowers to produce food. Because they often forage on crops, they are at risk of being exposed to plant protection products (PPPs), both directly and in stored food. Due to the adverse effects of synthetic PPPs on pollinators, biopesticides may be a viable alternative. Common tansy extract is used as one of the natural substitutes for synthetic pesticides. In our study, the effect of fermented common tansy extract on aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) activity and the concentration of triglycerides (TGs), total protein (TP), total antioxidant status (TAS), and glucose in honey bee workers' hemolymph was assessed. These biochemical markers give valuable information about the immunity, detoxification, and nutrition of a bee's body. Caged bees were given tansy extract added at various concentrations in sugar syrup for 24 h. Then, they were provided with only sugar syrup. After 7 days of the experiment, hemolymph was collected and analyzed. We observed changes in the activity of AST, ALT, GGTP enzymes and TG, TP, and glucose levels, but not all changes were statistically significant. In terms of AST activity, statistically significant differences were found. All groups tested, including the negative control group, showed reduced enzyme activity values compared to the positive control group. In TG concentration, differences were observed between the groups receiving 2% extract and 1% ethanol. Glucose levels differed between the groups receiving 1% extract and 2% extract and between the positive control group and 1% extract. Bee body proper functioning is affected by changes in enzyme activity, especially those responsible for immunity and detoxification, such as AST, ALT, ALP, and GGTP. Despite the short time of bees' exposure to the agent, the results of study show visible effects. Our results provide a basis for further research on the impact of tansy extract on honey bees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of astaxanthin, a carotenoid supplement, on the physiology and coloration of juvenile blood parrotfish cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system. Fish were divided into three groups: a control group fed a basal diet for 84 days, a coloration (ASX) group fed an astaxanthin-enriched diet for 84 days, and a decoloration (ASX-) group initially fed an astaxanthin-enriched diet for 42 days and then switched to a basal diet for another 42 days. The results showed that astaxanthin increased the density of erythrophore cells in the skin of the fish, leading to increased (P < 0.05) redness (a*), yellowness (b*), chroma (Cab*), and hue (H°ab) in the skin and muscle of the ASX group compared to the ASX- and control groups. It also led to increased (P < 0.05) villus height and muscular thickness in the anterior, mid, and posterior intestines, as well as increased production of Kupffer cells in the liver and red pulp in the spleen compared to those fed ASX- and control diets. Additionally, astaxanthin improved the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the blood plasma and lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the liver. The study concluded that astaxanthin significantly improved the concentration of pigment cells, chromatic parameters, villus height, and muscular thickness in blood parrotfish. The differences observed in the groups were attributed to short-term changes in the group that switched from an astaxanthin-enriched diet to a basal diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coffee is considered one of the most preferred and consumed beverage types in the world, and caffeine is known to increase physical performance due to its ergogenic properties. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of coffee consumption in different forms on cortisol, testosterone, lactic acid and anaerobic performance levels. Methods: A total of 15 licensed male football players participated in the research voluntarily. The research was implemented in a single-blind, counterbalanced, randomized and crossover study design. Participants were given caffeinated coffee (CK), decaffeinated coffee (placebo) (DK), powdered caffeine (in a gelatin capsule) (PC) and powdered placebo (maltodextrin in a capsule) (PM) on different days, and the Wingate test protocol was performed after the warm-up protocol. Blood samples were collected post-test. Cortisol, testosterone and lactic acid levels in the serum samples taken were determined by the ELISA method. Results: As a result, it was revealed that caffeinated coffee given to participants who exercise increased anaerobic power. However, it was observed that lactic acid levels were higher in placebo and decaffeinated coffee. The highest level of cortisol was found in caffeinated coffee and powdered caffeine compared to the placebo. Testosterone values were observed to be highest in caffeinated coffee and decaffeinated coffee compared to a placebo. Conclusions: The study suggests that the type of caffeine is a factor that affects absorption rate, which impacts performance and hormone levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) to the freshwater mussel Unio tigridis. Mussels were treated with six doses of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) control (0), 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ppm for up to 96 hours. The Cd accumulation and oxidative stress markers, including Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) rather than histological changes were evaluated. Results showed that exposure to CdCl2 induced a significant increase in MDA levels and CAT activity. Notably, a significant decrease was observed in the AChE and GSH levels in the groups exposed to CdCl₂, which was dependent on exposure time. The cadmium (Cd) concentrations in both aquarium water and the mussel’s body have fluctuated, and these changes were influenced by the concentration and duration of the exposure. Histological investigation of the mussel gills showed alternation in gill structure after being exposed to different cadmium concentrations when compared to the control group.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the serum biochemical markers’ propensity associated with sex chromosome abnormalities (SCAs) and assess the clinical efficacy of SCAs in serum biochemical screening during the second trimester. A retrospective case-control analysis was conducted on pregnant women who underwent serum biochemical screening during the second trimester. The study compared groups of women with SCAs to those with normal chromosome karyotypes to assess changes in biochemical markers. We analysed and compared the performance of serum biochemical screening in each SCA group. The results showed that the alterations in serum biochemical markers varied among the different SCA groups. Typically, the serum biochemical markers of fetal SCAs were either above the 95th percentile or below the 5th percentile. The proportions of high- and intermediate-risk findings for 45,X, 47,XXX, 47,XXY, 47,XYY, and mosaic sex chromosomal abnormalities were 43.48%, 78.95%, 63.89%, 70.59%, and 78.13%, respectively. Besides detecting fetal trisomy 21 and trisomy 18, the current contingent screening procedures may also accidentally identify various fetal SCAs at a rate of 69.18%.

Abstract The comprehensive study of the relationship between lymph node metastasis (LNM) and its associated factors in patients with concurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) remains insufficient. Building upon the initial investigation of factors associated with LNM in patients with concurrent PTC and HT, we further analyzed the complex relationships between different severity indicators of LNM and these associated factors. This study included patients confirmed PTC with HT who underwent total thyroidectomy at Xiangya Hospital, from January 2020 to December 2021. A total of 271 patients from 2020 were used as the training set, and 300 patients from 2021 as the validation set. Univariate analysis and regression modeling were used to identify key factors associated with LNM. Model reliability was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Network analysis was employed to explore associations between LNM severity and its related factors. The regression model indicated that age, calcification, free triiodothyronine (FT3), and tumor maximum diameter (TMD) are independent factors for LNM. The severity model showed free thyroxine (FT4) and hemoglobin (Hb) are independent protective factors for the region and quantity of LNM, respectively, while TMD is an independent risk factor for both. Network analysis revealed TMD has a closer relationship with LNM severity compared to other associated factors. This study innovatively combined regression models and network analysis to investigate factors related to LNM in patients with PTC and HT, providing a theoretical basis for predicting preoperative LNM in future clinical practice.

Abstract Objectives Skeletal muscle dysfunction is the primary cause of functional limitations in osteoarthritis, associated biomarkers have the potential as targets for early disease identification, diagnosis, and prevention of osteoarthritis disability. This review aimed to identify associations between biomarkers and lower limb skeletal muscle function in individuals with osteoarthritis. Methods A systematic literature review and meta-analysis conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases from inception to 8th August 2023. Two independent reviewers performed the title, abstract, full-text screening, data extraction and methodological quality assessment. A meta-analysis was undertaken based on the available data. Results Twenty-four studies with 4101 participants with osteoarthritis were included (females: 78%; age range; 49 to 71 years). One study reported muscle-specific biomarkers (n = 3), whilst six studies reported osteoarthritis-specific markers (n = 5). Overall, 93 biomarkers were reported, predominately characterised as inflammatory (n = 35), metabolic (n = 15), and hormones (n = 10). Muscle strength and vitamin D reported a significant association (Hedge’s g: 0.58 (Standard Error (SE): 0.27; P = 0.03), k = 3 studies). Walking speed and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein reported no significant associations (Hedge’s g: -0.02 (SE: 0.05; P = 0.73), k = 3 studies). Conclusion Associations between biomarkers and lower limb skeletal muscle function in individuals with osteoarthritis was limited, the few studies exploring lower limb muscle measures were mainly secondary outcomes. Furthermore, biomarkers were largely related to overall health, with a lack of muscle specific biomarkers. As such, the mechanistic pathways through which these associations occur are less evident, and difficult to draw clear conclusions on these relationships. Trial registration Registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022359405).

Abstract Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a multipurpose crop. Abiotic stresses, especially extreme heat and drought, limit crop growth and thus reduce cotton yield by about 50%. In this study, 30 cotton genotypes were tested against low moisture stress in a pot experiment in triplicates along with control under wire house conditions. At the 3–4 leaf stage, different morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters were measured in order to select the low moisture stress-tolerant genotypes. For the selection of the best performing genotypes, Multi-Trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) was used for the ranking of genotypes on the basis of multiple indices. For biochemical traits, 09 (TPC, TF, TSP, MDA, SOD, POD, CAT, APX, and Proline) out of 24 showed significant genotypic effects and were used for MGIDI. Eight genotypes (N-812 N-1296 N-696 N-377 N-121–896 N-T86, and N-3496) were observed to be best performing than others at 25% selection pressure (SI = 25%). For morpho-physiological traits, 14 out of 15 showed significant genotypic effects and used for MGIDI. Ten genotypes (N-1237 N-812 N-1296 N-696 N-9078 N-377 N-512 N-121 N-375, and N-896) were observed to be best performing at 35% selection pressure (SI = 35%). Six genotypes, i.e. N-812–1296 N-696 N-377 N-121, and N-896 were found common in both MGIDI analysis. In conclusion, three genotypes, i.e. N-696, N-896, and N-T86 proved to be most resilient to low moisture stress. Develop protocols, identified genotypes and markers that can be used for development of climate-smart cotton genotypes.

Abstract Background Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting millions of people across the world. Trayodashang guggulu (TG) is a classical Ayurvedic formulation used for the treating joint diseases since decades in the Indian system of traditional medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate anti-arthritic activity of TG against complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Methods Arthritis was induced by single injection of 0.1 ml complete Freund’s adjuvant into the intraplanter surface of left hind paw of Wistar rats. TG was administered orally at the doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. In the preventive dose group, TG was administered at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, orally for 28 days. Paw swelling, joint circumference, serum rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, serum IL-1β, TNF-α and histopathological parameters were assessed for the evaluation of arthritis. Effects of TG were compared with standard allopathic drug ibuprofen. Results TG reversed complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats when used for 14 and 28 days. Serum rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased in rats treated with both standard drug ibuprofen and TG. Conclusion Oral administration of TG reduced experimentally induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats by reversing elevated level of serum biochemical markers as well as reducing joint destruction similar to ibuprofen. Results obtained from the study paved the way in exploring more specific mechanisms of action of TG involving in vitro and in silico models.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about widespread effects on communities on a global scale, with impacts varying among different demographics. This study focuses on a unique cohort of COVID-19-positive patients from Arunachal Pradesh, a region in northeast India with a substantial indigenous population. This study aims to delve into the features and consequences of COVID-19 in this indigenous population within this distinct demographic region, with a special focus on assessing the effects on tribal communities. Out of a total of 1627 COVID-19 positive cases, 1392 belonged to various tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, categorized as the indigenous population of the region. Our research primarily focuses on examining the biochemical and inflammatory indicators that forecast the clinical results of COVID-19 patients, specifically within both indigenous and non-indigenous groups. Methods: Biochemical markers, including hematological parameters, liver and kidney function biomarkers, D-DIMER, and inflammatory markers, were assessed along with immune-inflammatory ratios: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). Differences in biomarker levels and ratios across disease severities were analyzed, and significant data were observed using descriptive statistics. Results: Elevated levels of Ferritin (CRP, IL-6, D-DIMER, Creatinine, Urea, AST/SGOT, and ALT/SGPT) were associated with increasing disease severity in COVID-19 cases, reflecting increased inflammation, multi-organ dysfunction, and coagulopathy in the severe COVID-19 category amongst the indigenous population. The data showed an aligned report with the non-indigenous population of India when compared with various other studies (using a Spearman rank correlation test). Similarly, an increase in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and a declining shift in the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) indicated deregulated immune responses and systemic inflammation in the severe category of COVID-19. Conclusion: This population-based study from northeast India offers important perspectives into the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its link with disease severity among indigenous and non-indigenous populations.

Abstract Background The great need to propagate new crop genotypes that are well adapted to the changing environmental conditions is urgently needed to support the high demand of food of the growing world population. In this work five white maize inbred lines (P4, P8, P12, P15, and P17) were studied for their salinity tolerance when exposed to: 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 10000 mg/L NaCl. The equilibrium balance between reactive oxygen species ROS and the detoxification cascades points to the plant’s performance under stress. The free amino acid and soluble sugar contents (non-enzymatic antioxidants) in addition to the superoxide dismutase & Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase SOD& PAL (enzymatic antioxidants) and some phenolic compounds contents were evaluated against hydrogen peroxide H2O2 as ROS product to classify plants to stress -tolerance or sensitive. Transmission electronic microscope (TEM) investigation is also, used to study the impact of the stress on the plant cells’ compartments after the direct treatment with saline water for 3 h as moderate soil holding time capacity to irrigation water. Results Maize line P8 followed by line P17 were the highest to cope with the irrigation of saline water in different ranges of concentrations of salt, accumulate the soluble sugars, free amino acids and antioxidants over control and other maize lines. These results are supported by the root ultrastructure observation with transmission electronic microscope. Conclusion Maize line P8 followed by the P17 line are highly recommended to be crossed and planted in the newly reclaimed lands irrigated with salty water. Graphical Abstract

AIM: Our goal was to examine the effect of high-intensity physical activity on changes in the lipid profile, complete blood count (CBC), iron metabolism, and kidney and liver function tests of professional water polo players. METHODS: This study included twenty professional male water polo players. Blood sampling was carried out at the beginning of the season and during periods of high-intensity training. CBCs were determined with a Siemens Advia 2120i hematology analyzer. A Beckman CoulterAU680 chemistry analyzer was used to determine the serum concentrations/activities of lipid profiles and liver and kidney function test analytes. The lipid athlete scores were also determined. RESULTS: The mean corpuscular volume (p = 0.006), platelet count (p = 0.008), and mean platelet volume (p < 0.001) significantly decreased during the high-intensity period, compared with the beginning of the season. The total iron-binding capacity increased (p = 0.001), and ferritin concentrations significantly declined (p = 0.017). The lipid profiles revealed a significant difference between phases, with slight increases in serum total (p = 0.025) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.002) levels and a decrease in triglyceride concentrations (p = 0.040) in the high-intensity period. During the high-intensity period, the liver and kidney function tests showed a substantial positive effect on lactate dehydrogenase levels (p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.028) serum activity, and total protein concentrations (p = 0.033), compared with the beginning of the season. CONCLUSIONS: Water polo players might exhibit a decrease in some CBC parameters, an increase in LDL cholesterol, and a decrease in liver function biomarkers due to intense training at the peak of the competitive season. Kidney function biomarkers remain unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The interplay between serum albumin levels and HbA1c-defined glycemic status in individuals with diabetes is critical for understanding the metabolic and clinical outcomes of glycemic control. This study aims to investigate the correlation between serum albumin and HbA1c levels to elucidate their relationship and potential implications for diabetic management. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 100 diabetic patients attended General medicine OPD,GGH Anantapur . Serum albumin and HbA1c levels were measured using standard biochemical methods. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their HbA1c levels: good glycemic control (HbA1c < 7%), moderate glycemic control (HbA1c 7- 8%), and poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 8%). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between serum albumin and HbA1c levels across these groups. Results: The study revealed a significant inverse correlation between serum albumin and HbA1c levels (r = -0.45, p < 0.001). Patients with poor glycemic control exhibited significantly lower serum albumin levels compared to those with good and moderate glycemic control. The mean serum albumin levels were 4.2 ± 0.3 g/dL in the good glycemic control group, 3.8 ± 0.4 g/dL in the moderate glycemic control group, and 3.5 ± 0.5 g/dL in the poor glycemic control group. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a significant inverse correlation between serum albumin and HbA1c levels in diabetic patients, indicating that lower serum albumin levels are associated with poorer glycemic control. Monitoring serum albumin levels alongside HbA1c could provide additional insights into the metabolic status and guide more effective management strategies for individuals with diabetes. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications of this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Hypertensive disorders, particularly pre-eclampsia, pose significant risks during pregnancy, affecting both maternal and neonatal health. The study aims to analyze short- and long-term health implications for mothers and their children, comparing those with pre-eclampsia to those without, to improve understanding of risk factors, diagnostic markers, and outcomes. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study involved 235 patients, 98 with pre-eclampsia and 137 without, monitored from 2015 to 2018 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the "Pius Brînzeu" Emergency County Clinical Hospital in Timișoara, Romania. Results: Women with pre-eclampsia were older, had higher BMIs, and more frequently had a family history of pre-eclampsia, hypertension, and diabetes. They also had lower educational and socioeconomic levels and fewer prenatal visits. Biochemical markers such as higher proteinuria, elevated sFlt-1, and lower PlGF were significant in diagnosing pre-eclampsia. Short-term maternal complications like eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, and acute kidney injury were more prevalent in the pre-eclampsia group. Neonatal outcomes included higher rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and NICU admissions. Long-term mothers with a history of pre-eclampsia had higher incidences of chronic hypertension, cardiovascular disease, kidney problems, diabetes, and mental health disorders. Their children faced increased risks of neuropsychological delays, chronic respiratory issues, behavioral disorders, learning difficulties, and frequent infections. Conclusions: The study highlights the significant short- and long-term health impacts of pre-eclampsia on both mothers and their children. Early monitoring, intervention, and comprehensive management are crucial in mitigating these risks. These findings underscore the need for personalized care strategies to improve health outcomes for affected individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Determining the relationship between cardiovascular risks, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, and renal dysfunction can help in creating new tools for their management and for better interaction of specialists in a multidisciplinary team. The purpose of this study was to determine the functional state of the kidneys and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with acute coronary syndrome without a history of such disorders. Methods: 200 patients of the cardiology department of the City Clinical Hospital No. 7 in Almaty were examined using laboratory diagnostics and subsequent statistical data processing. Results: Acute coronary syndrome develops in 63% of cases against the background of previous disorders of carbohydrate metabolism – prediabetes (45.5%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (17.5%). In this group of patients, in the presence of disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, in all cases, it is accompanied by acute renal damage. It was noted that diabetes mellitus in newly diagnosed patients actually had a certain duration and occurred much earlier than cardiovascular complications – this was evidenced by an increased level of glycated hemoglobin. Conclusions: Such results indicate the need for early diagnosis of cardio-reno-metabolic syndrome in patients with cardiovascular complications, as well as timely administration of drugs that simultaneously have antidiabetic, cardio- and nephroprotective effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report examines the impact of a single session of functional neurology on a 35-year-old female patient diagnosed with lactose intolerance. The patient presented with severe gastrointestinal symptoms, including frequent diarrhea, bloating, and vomiting upon dairy consumption. The intervention aimed to reset dysfunctional neurological programs believed to contribute to her condition. The study utilized a standardized lactose intolerance breath test to measure the hydrogen and methane levels at various intervals before and after treatment. Post-treatment results showed symptomatic relief with the patient reporting normalized bowel movements and the absence of previous symptoms. Despite these improvements, the biochemical markers at higher time points (150 and 175 min) post-treatment remained similar to the pre-treatment values, indicating persistent lactose malabsorption and highlighting the variability of hydrogen measurements. This case report suggests that a single session of functional neurology can significantly alleviate the symptoms of lactose intolerance. However, the preliminary nature of these results underscores the need for further research involving larger sample sizes and long-term follow-up to fully understand the treatment's efficacy and underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The scientific literature shows some gender differences in the clinical course of schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to identify gender differences in clinical and biochemical parameters in subjects affected by schizophrenia. This would allow for the implementation of individualized treatment strategies. Methods: We examined a large set of clinical and biochemical parameters. Data were obtained from clinical charts and blood analyses from a sample of 555 schizophrenia patients consecutively admitted for exacerbation of symptoms to the inpatient clinic of Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico (Milan) or ASST Monza in Italy from 2008 to 2021. Univariate analyses, binary logistic regression, and a final logistic regression model were performed with gender as dependent variable. Results: The final logistic regression models showed that male patients (compared to females) were more prone to lifetime substance use disorders (p = 0.010). However, they also had higher GAF (global functioning) mean scores (p < 0.001) at the time of hospitalization. Univariate analyses showed that male patients (with respect to females) had an earlier age at onset (p < 0.001), a more frequent family history of multiple psychiatric disorders (p = 0.045), were more often smokers (p < 0.001), had a more frequent comorbidity with at least one psychiatric disorder (p = 0.001), and less often suffered from hypothyroidism (p = 0.011). In addition, men had higher levels of albumin (p < 0.001) and bilirubin (t = 2.139, p = 0.033), but lower levels of total cholesterol (t = 3.755, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our analyses indicate a less severe clinical profile in female patients. This is evident especially in the early years of the disorder, as suggested by less comorbidity with psychiatric disorders or later age at onset; this is consistent with the related literature. In contrast, female patients seem to be more vulnerable to metabolic alterations as demonstrated by more frequent hypercholesterolemia and thyroid dysfunction. Further studies are needed to confirm these results in the framework of precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about widespread effects on communities on a global scale, with impacts varying among different demographics. This study focuses on a unique cohort of COVID-19-positive patients from Arunachal Pradesh, a region in northeast India with a substantial indigenous population. This study aims to delve into the features and consequences of COVID-19 in this indigenous population within this distinct demographic region, with a special focus on assessing the effects on tribal communities. Out of a total of 1627 COVID-19 positive cases, 1392 belonged to various tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, categorized as the indigenous population of the region. Our research primarily focuses on examining the biochemical and inflammatory indicators that forecast the clinical results of COVID-19 patients, specifically within both indigenous and non-indigenous groups. Methods: Biochemical markers, including hematological parameters, liver and kidney function biomarkers, D-DIMER, and inflammatory markers, were assessed along with immune-inflammatory ratios: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR). Differences in biomarker levels and ratios across disease severities were analyzed, and significant data were observed using descriptive statistics. Results: Elevated levels of Ferritin (CRP, IL-6, D-DIMER, Creatinine, Urea, AST/SGOT, and ALT/SGPT) were associated with increasing disease severity in COVID-19 cases, reflecting increased inflammation, multi-organ dysfunction, and coagulopathy in the severe COVID-19 category amongst the indigenous population. The data showed an aligned report with the non-indigenous population of India when compared with various other studies (using a Spearman rank correlation test). Similarly, an increase in the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and a declining shift in the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) indicated deregulated immune responses and systemic inflammation in the severe category of COVID-19. Conclusion: This population-based study from northeast India offers important perspectives into the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its link with disease severity among indigenous and non-indigenous populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may impact both maternal and fetal/neonatal health. The identification of prognostic indicators for GDM may improve risk assessment and selection of patient for intensive monitoring. The aim of this study was to find potential predictors of adverse pregnancy outcome in GDM and normoglycemic patients by comparing the levels of different biochemical parameters and the values of blood cell count (BCC) between GDM and normoglycemic patients and between patients with adverse and good outcome. Materials and Methods: Prospective clinical study included 49 patients with GDM (study group) and 44 healthy pregnant women (control group) who underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at gestational age of 24–28 weeks. At the time of OGTT peripheral blood was taken for the determination of glucose levels, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, lipid status, homeostatic model assessment, BCC, iron and zinc metabolism, liver function, kidney function and inflammatory status. Each group was divided into two subgroups—normal and poor pregnancy outcome. Results: Higher RBC, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, fasting glucose, uric acid and fibrinogen were found in GDM patients compared to control group. In GDM patients with poor pregnancy outcome values of fibrinogen, ALT, sedimentation rate, granulocyte and total leukocyte counts were elevated, while the serum level of zinc was significantly lower. Higher level of fibrinogen was found in normoglycemic patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes. ROC curve was constructed in order to assess fibrinogen's biomarker potential. The established AUC value for diagnostic ROC was 0.816 (p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.691–0.941), while the AUC value for assessing fibrinogen's potential to predict poor pregnancy outcome in GDM was 0.751 (p = 0.0096, 95% CI 0.561–0.941). Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrated that the best prognostic potential in GDM showed inflammation related parameters, identifying fibrinogen as a parameter with both diagnostic and prognostic ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinity poses a significant challenge to global wheat production. The screening of wheat cultivars for salt tolerance is essential for developing new varieties resilient to salinity and advancing breeding strategies. Identifying key traits from a myriad of morphological, physiological, and molecular markers in screening studies can enhance selection efficiency and expedite the process. In this study, 16 common wheat cultivars were subjected to 0 and 150 mM NaCl stress for ten days during the seedling stage. To assess the salinity tolerance of wheat cultivars comprehensively, we employed a diverse array of morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular markers, coupled with multivariate analysis. Salt stress resulted in reduced germination and seedling growth across most wheat cultivars. Notably, the 'Ikizce-96' and 'Demir-2000' genotypes exhibited a higher salinity tolerance index, with the least reduction in morpho-physiological parameters. These cultivars demonstrated elevated osmoregulator proline content and enhanced activity of reactive oxygen species-scavenging antioxidant enzymes. Under 150 mM NaCl, tolerant cultivars exhibited up-regulated transcript expression levels of TaHKT1;4, TaP5CS, and TaDHN marker genes compared to salt-sensitive cultivars. The accuracy of our findings was validated through principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and a correlation network. Proline content, glutathione reductase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity emerged as the most reliable indicators of salt tolerance in wheat under saline conditions. The identified salt-tolerant cultivars hold promise as donor parents in salinity tolerance breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ectopic pregnancy remains a significant clinical challenge, with early and accurate diagnosis being critical for effective management and reducing morbidity. This review article discusses the combined use of advanced ultrasound techniques alongside biochemical markers to enhance the detection and treatment of ectopic pregnancies. Transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasounds provide initial assessment, with transvaginal imaging offering superior resolution for early detection. Doppler ultrasound, particularly color and pulsed Doppler, is instrumental in evaluating blood flow, helping to distinguish between viable and nonviable pregnancies. Three-dimensional ultrasound further enhances diagnostic precision by offering detailed spatial imaging, which aids in localization and assessment of ectopic sites. Additionally, biochemical markers, particularly serum ß human chorionic gonadotropin (beta hCG) levels, complement imaging by providing crucial insights into pregnancy viability and progression. By integrating these modalities, this approach aims to improve diagnostic accuracy, facilitate timely intervention, and optimize patient outcomes in cases of ectopic pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The main objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of different biochemical markers of hepatic steatosis and to correlate liver steatosis with adherence to the Mediterranean diet and level of physical activity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, including subjects over 50 years of age, with a BMI > 25 kg/m2, but excluding any patient with documented hepatic pathology other than hepatic steatosis. Participants were divided into two groups: patients with hepatic steatosis diagnosed by ultrasound (SG) and a control group of individuals without hepatic steatosis (CG). The level of physical activity was recorded by the IPAQ-SF questionnaire and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet was recorded using the PREDIMED questionnaire. Biochemical markers analyzed included the Hepatic steatosis index (HSI), AST-to-Platelet ratio (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4). Results: A total of 116 patients were included, 71 belonging to the SG and 45 to the CG. A total of 58.6% of the patients showed low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, 35.4% moderate adherence and 6% high adherence. The median estimated physical activity was 495 METS, with most participants reporting light activity. In the SG, significantly higher HSI values were observed (p < 0.001). A cut-off point of a HSI of 40 was established, with a sensitivity of 73.2% and a specificity of 65.8%. Significantly higher FIB-4 values (p = 0.039) were also observed in the SG. A cut-off point of FIB-4 was set at 0.27, with a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 57.9%. Patients in the SG showed lower scores in the PREDIMED. Patients in the SG tended to show lower METS scores. However, the higher number of patients with intense activity in the CG group stands out (p = 0.008). Conclusions: The HSI and FIB-4 showed a significant correlation with liver steatosis. Hepatic steatosis is associated with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet and patients with hepatic steatosis tended to have lower METS scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Phenylketonuria is a hereditary condition caused by the deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, leading to abnormal phenylalanine metabolism. Managing phenylketonuria involves implementing dietary interventions to control phenylalanine levels and prevent complications. However, these treatments can lead to long-lasting negative effects, including impacts on bone health and abnormal biochemical test findings. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between biological markers and bone density in individuals with phenylketonuria. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted out at Motahari Hospital in Urmia, Iran. The study involved 19 patients with phenylketonuria, examining their demographic information, laboratory findings, and bone density by statistical methods. Results: The study examined the association between age and bone densitometry outcomes, along with the connection between different biochemical markers and bone densitometry results. The analysis showed no statistically significant link between age and bone densitometry data (P-value = 0.31). The p-values for correlation between bone densitometry and serum calcium, serum phosphorus, phenylalanine, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ were found to be 0.30, 0.27, 0.57, 0.86, and 0.95, respectively. The only significant relationship was between the result of bone densitometry and alkaline phosphatase levels in the age group below 8 years with a correlation of 0.720 (P-value = 0.01). Conclusions: The study revealed no association between bone densitometry and levels of serum calcium, serum phosphorus, phenylalanine, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃. The only meaningful association was between bone densitometry and alkaline phosphatase in the age group below 8 years.

BackgroundMELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes) is a common subtype of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. However, few studies have explored the relationship between biochemical markers and prognosis. This study aimed to explore the relationship between clinical and biochemical markers and prognosis of patients with MELAS.MethodsThis was a retrospective single-center study. A total of 39 MELAS patients were followed for an average of 7.3 ± 4.7 (range 1–21 years). All patients underwent detailed demographic registration, neurological examinations, biochemical and mitochondrial DNA analyses, muscle biopsy. Throughout the follow-up period, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, recurrent strokes rates, and mortality were tracked.ResultsAll patients initially presented with stroke-like episodes. Of the 39 subjects who were followed, 8 died, primarily due to acute stroke-like episodes and status epilepticus. Univariate analysis showed a higher risk of mortality in patients with severe lactate elevation compared to those with normal and mildly elevated levels (OR = 5.714, 95% CI 1.086–30.071, p = 0.040). While the absence of anemia was associated with a lower risk of death compared to those with anemia (OR = 0.175, 95% CI 0.033–0.921, p = 0.040). In multivariate analysis, severe lactate elevation (OR = 7.279, 95% CI 1.102–48.086, p = 0.039) and anemia (OR = 0.137, 95% CI 0.021–0.908, p = 0.039) were identified as independent predictors of mortality. MRS scores were categorized as follows: 41% of patients scored 0 to 2, 38.5% scored 3 to 5, and 20.5% had a score of 6 or had died. There was a positive correlation between lactic acid levels and MRS scores (r = 0.460, p = 0.003). In contrast, hemoglobin levels were negatively correlated with MRS scores (r = −0.375, p = 0.015). Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between MRS scores and the frequency of stroke-like episodes (r = 0.280, p = 0.042).ConclusionOur study found that the majority of patients with MELAS had poor clinical outcomes. Anemia and significantly increased lactate levels were identified as indicators of poor prognosis in MELAS. Early intervention may lead to improvements in clinical outcomes.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a complex and heterogeneous condition, associated with a considerable diagnostic delay, diminished exercise capacity, and poor outcomes. In pulmonary arterial hypertension, biomarker research has become a subject of intense inquiry, and novel circulating biomarkers acknowledged in a multitude of mechanistic pathways are emerging. Beyond the widely used natriuretic peptides, novel biomarkers may provide deeper pathophysiological understanding, support clinical decision-making, and prompt the incorporation of precision medicine by enabling a more precise individual phenotyping. In this state-of-the-art review, the recent advances in circulating biomarkers in pulmonary arterial hypertension from a clinical perspective are discussed, with particular emphasis on the current state of knowledge, gaps in evidence, and future perspectives.

Research on plant-based wound healing agents has been one of the current developing areas in modern biomedical science. This study aimed to assess the effects of ethyl acetate extract of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome (ZZRE) on open wound healing activity in Wistar rats. Ninety male Wistar rats (220–320 g) were divided into three groups treated with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (negative control), Solcoseryl gel (positive control), and 10 % ZZRE (treatment group), respectively. Six circular full-skin thickness wounds of 6.0 mm in diameter were induced bilaterally on the dorsal surface of each rat. Six rats were sacrificed on Day-1, Day-3, Day-6, Day-10 and Day-14 respectively from each group after wound induction. All data obtained are considered statistically significant at p

BackgroundNutritional diagnosis involves identifying a nutritional problem, its cause, and the signs that indicate it to guide appropriate treatment. Few studies report on the most prevalent nutritional diagnoses in people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D).ObjectiveTo define nutritional diagnoses across different domains and their association with metabolic, anthropometric, and dietary parameters in individuals with T2D.MethodsA personalized nutritional intervention was conducted using the Nutrition Care Process (NCP) model, which encompasses assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and evaluation, utilizing standardized terminology from the Nutrition Care Process Terminology (NCPT). Two dietitians, trained and standardized in applying the NCP and NCPT, performed patient assessments and established the diagnoses. Patients over 18 years old with a diagnosis of T2D for less than 5 years were included.ResultsData from 2,050 patients were analyzed, of whom 55.3% were women, and 44.7% were men, with a median age of 57 and 54 years, respectively. The most prevalent nutritional diagnosis was excessive energy and carbohydrate intake. Diagnoses were distributed across domains: Intake (55.9%), Behavioral/Environmental (32.7%), Clinical (10.2%), and 1.2% without nutritional diagnosis. Significant intergroup differences were observed in anthropometric variables such as BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage (p

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a well-known autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects the diarthrodial joints. Inflammation increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may explain why RA is one of the diseases that induce oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the potential differences in biochemical, hematological, and oxidative stress markers in the early stages of RA and after different treatment regimens. The study involved 111 patients, 28 men and 83 women aged 34 to 59 years, who were divided based on their c-reactive protein (CRP) levels into inactive RA patients (IRA) with CRP < 1.3 (n = 57, 22 men and 35 women) and active RA patients (ARA) with CRP ≥ 1.3 (n = 54, 6 men and 48 women). The study participants were divided into two groups, A and B, based on their treatment regimen. Group A, 90% of which were IRA patients, received methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy. Group B, which comprised 90% ARA patients, received a combination of leflunomide, a conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), and a biologic DMARD. The hematological, biochemical, oxidative stress, and RA-specific biomarkers were measured twice in groups A and B in the early stage of the disease, before and 3 months post-treatment, using conventional colorimetric, fluorometric, and immunological assays. According to the results of our study, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), ROS, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) ions, vitamin C and D, and lipid profiles could serve as potential diagnostic markers in the early stages of the disease. Both treatment options were equally effective at improving the overall health of the patients. However, treatment resulted in a further increase in ROS levels and a decrease in antioxidant markers.

Biomarkers play a pivotal role in monitoring the ecological integrity of aquatic environments. They offer valuable insights into the impacts of pollutants and environmental stressors on the health and ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. By assessing changes in biomarker levels or activities, scientists can effectively identify and quantify the exposure to and effects of contaminants. This review illustrates different types and classes of biomarkers and their application to understanding how pollutants affect organisms at molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. In addition, integrating biomarkers with ecological assessments is discussed, emphasizing the importance of considering multiple levels of biological organization in environmental monitoring. Additionally, this review discusses recent advancements in biomarker research through the development of novel biomarkers, integration of omics technologies, bioinformatics, real-time monitoring, integration with ecological assessments, and their application in risk assessment and management.

The utilization of mosquito coils as a household-level strategy for mosquito control is widely practiced in malaria-endemic regions spanning Africa, Asia, and South America. However, the continuous application of mosquito coils has prompted significant apprehensions concerning environmental and health implications. This research aims to evaluate the potential hepatic and pulmonary toxicities associated with the inhalation of mosquito coil smoke in rat subjects over both sub-chronic and chronic durations. A questionnaire was used to make inquiries regarding the prevalent types and brands of mosquito coils employed, the manner in which they are used, the durations for which they are utilized. A total of twenty-four albino rats were categorized into three distinct groups: the control group and two exposed groups. These groups were subjected to distinct brands of mosquito coil smoke across two distinct exposure regimens – a sub-chronic exposure lasting 4 weeks and a chronic exposure spanning 12 weeks. Following the exposure periods, blood samples were collected for the analysis of serum-based and biochemical markers, including serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin, serum bicarbonate, and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), oxygen saturation, C-reactive protein, total protein, and microscopic analysis of lung tissue and liver tissue. The histopathological analysis of lung tissue was appropriately included. However, the analysis of liver tissue was omitted. The results demonstrated a significant elevation in the levels of these biochemical markers among the exposed rats in comparison to the control group. Concurrently, a decrease in blood oxygen saturation was noted in the exposed rats when contrasted with the control group. Conversely, the serum concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, total protein, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) did not exhibit notable differences in relation to the control group. Additionally, microscopic analysis of lung tissue indicated the presence of histopathological lesions in the exposed rats, suggesting a detrimental impact of mosquito coil smoke exposure in a time-dependent progression.

Abstract Purpose This study investigated the changes in the fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting triglyceride (FTG), and fasting total cholesterol (FTC) levels during neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) and the association with pathologic complete response (pCR). Methods Relevant data from Sichuan Cancer Hospital from June 2019 to June 2022 were collected and analyzed, and FBG, FTG, and FTC were divided into baseline, change, and process groups, which were grouped to analyze the changes after receiving NAT and the association with pCR. Results In the estrogen receptor (ER)-negative subgroup, patients with low levels of FTG in the process group were more likely to achieve pCR compared to high levels, and in the progesterone receptor (PR)-negative subgroup, patients with lower FTG compared to higher FTG after receiving NAT was more likely to achieve pCR. Conclusions Patients with HER2-positive BC undergoing NAT develop varying degrees of abnormalities (elevated or decreased) in FBG, FTG, and FTC; moreover, the status of FTG levels during NAT may predict pCR in ER-negative or PR-negative HER2-positive BC.Early monitoring and timely intervention for FTG abnormalities may enable this subset of patients to increase the likelihood of obtaining a pCR along with management of abnormal markers.

Abstract Myocarditis is considered a fatal form of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in suckling calves. In the present study, a total of 17 calves under 4 months of age and suspected clinically for FMD were examined for clinical lesions, respiratory rate, heart rate, and heart rhythm. Lesion samples, saliva, nasal swabs, and whole blood were collected from suspected calves and subjected to Sandwich ELISA and reverse transcription multiplex polymerase chain reaction (RT-mPCR) for detection and serotyping of FMD virus (FMDV). The samples were found to be positive for FMDV serotype “O”. Myocarditis was suspected in 6 calves based on tachypnoea, tachycardia, and gallop rhythm. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cardiac troponins (cTnI) were measured. Mean serum AST, cTn-I and LDH were significantly higher (P 2 months 2 months

Objective: Chronic stress arises from stressful situations in day-to-day life that are ignored or managed incorrectly. Long-term stress can have negative effects, especially when it plays a role in the development of neurological illnesses. Severe stress can also negatively impact emotional well-being. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has numerous health advantages. The aim of this study was to assess how VCO affected the biochemical and behavioral characteristics of Wistar albino rats exposed to chronic, unpredictable stress. Materials and Methods: Healthy Wistar albino rats (150–200 gm) were split into two groups: experimental group and control group. Based on stress exposure and treatment with VCO and antidepressants, they were further divided into various subgroups. A chronic, unpredictable stress procedure was given for 21 days. After the experimental procedure, the rats were anesthe¬tized, and through a cardiac puncture, blood was collected. The liver and brain were dissected to estimate different biochemical markers. Results: VCO proved to be a protective agent against chronic, unpredictable stress-induced changes in the biochemical parameters, hepatic enzyme activity, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and cognition. Conclusion: VCO might be helpful as an effective natural treatment that can be utilized to effectively combat chronic, unpredictable stress-induced changes in brain and liver tissue. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11(2.000): 449-454]

Developmental disabilities are often associated with alterations in metabolism. However, it remains unknown how early these metabolic issues may arise. This study included a subset of children from the Markers of Autism Risks in Babies-Learning Early Signs (MARBLES) prospective cohort study. In this analysis, 109 urine samples collected at 3, 6, and/or 12 months of age from 70 children with a family history of ASD who went on to develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD n = 17), non-typical development (Non-TD n = 11), or typical development (TD n = 42) were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to measure urinary metabolites. Multivariate principal component analysis and a generalized estimating equation were performed with the objective of exploring the associations between urinary metabolite levels in the first year of life and later adverse neurodevelopment. We found that children who were later diagnosed with ASD tended to have decreased urinary dimethylamine, guanidoacetate, hippurate, and serine, while children who were later diagnosed with Non-TD tended to have elevated urinary ethanolamine and hypoxanthine but lower methionine and homovanillate. Children later diagnosed with ASD or Non-TD both tended to have decreased urinary 3-aminoisobutyrate. Our results suggest subtle alterations in one-carbon metabolism, gut-microbial co-metabolism, and neurotransmitter precursors observed in the first year of life may be associated with later adverse neurodevelopment.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms presenting unique challenges in diagnosis and management. Traditional markers such as chromogranin A (CgA), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) have limitations in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Specific circulating markers such as serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and various gastrointestinal hormones such as gastrin, glucagon, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have a role in identifying functional NENs. Recent advances in molecular and biochemical markers, also accounting for novel genomic and proteomic markers, have significantly improved the landscape for the diagnosis and monitoring of NENs. This review discusses these developments, focusing on both traditional markers such as CgA and NSE, as well as specific hormones like gastrin, insulin, somatostatin, glucagon, and VIP. Additionally, it covers emerging genomic and proteomic markers that are shaping current research. The clinical applicability of these markers is highlighted, and their role in improving diagnostic accuracy, predicting surgical outcomes, and monitoring response to treatment is demonstrated. The review also highlights the need for further research, including validation of these markers in larger studies, development of standardized assays, and integration with imaging techniques. The evolving field of biochemical markers holds promise for improving patient outcomes in the treatment of NENs, although challenges in standardization and validation remain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomarkers play a pivotal role in monitoring the ecological integrity of aquatic environments. They offer valuable insights into the impacts of pollutants and environmental stressors on the health and ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. By assessing changes in biomarker levels or activities, scientists can effectively identify and quantify the exposure to and effects of contaminants. This review illustrates different types and classes of biomarkers and their application to understanding how pollutants affect organisms at molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. In addition, integrating biomarkers with ecological assessments is discussed, emphasizing the importance of considering multiple levels of biological organization in environmental monitoring. Additionally, this review discusses recent advancements in biomarker research through the development of novel biomarkers, integration of omics technologies, bioinformatics, real-time monitoring, integration with ecological assessments, and their application in risk assessment and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bee organisms need nutrients to function properly. Deficiencies of any nutrients decrease the condition and shorten the lifespan of insects. Moreover, protein deficiency decreases honey bee queen productivity and increases aggression in bee colonies. All of these aspects affect the efficiency and the economic aspect of beekeeping production. Limited access to sustainable feed sources for bee colonies during the season forces beekeepers to search for new sources of nutrients, particularly protein. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of brewers' spent grain, which is a by-product of beer production, as a source of protein additive in bees' diet. Two types of brewers' spent grain were examined: that from light beer and that from dark porter beer. The spent grains, especially porter spent grains, improved the hemolymph protein content compared to bees fed with sugar cake without additives. It did not fully correspond to the protein levels obtained from bees fed cake with the addition of pollen, but it may be a substitute. The studies showed that brewers' spent grain has the potential to be used as an alternative plant protein component of honey bee feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Chronic stress arises from stressful situations in day-to-day life that are ignored or managed incorrectly. Long-term stress can have negative effects, especially when it plays a role in the development of neurological illnesses. Severe stress can also negatively impact emotional well-being. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has numerous health advantages. The aim of this study was to assess how VCO affected the biochemical and behavioral characteristics of Wistar albino rats exposed to chronic, unpredictable stress. Materials and Methods: Healthy Wistar albino rats (150-200 gm) were split into two groups: experimental group and control group. Based on stress exposure and treatment with VCO and antidepressants, they were further divided into various subgroups. A chronic, unpredictable stress procedure was given for 21 days. After the experimental procedure, the rats were anesthetized, and through a cardiac puncture, blood was collected. The liver and brain were dissected to estimate different biochemical markers. Results: VCO proved to be a protective agent against chronic, unpredictable stress-induced changes in the biochemical parameters, hepatic enzyme activity, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and cognition. Conclusion: VCO might be helpful as an effective natural treatment that can be utilized to effectively combat chronic, unpredictable stress-induced changes in brain and liver tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]