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From invisibility to putting 'them' on the map – women experiencing homelessness and their bodies have been researched and discussed in many different ways as a particular socio-spatial instance of urban poverty in geography and beyond. While there has been a focus on questioning the politics of removing, counting, controlling, or managing bodies experiencing homelessness in urban space, bodies themselves as bearers of urban knowledge have been mostly overlooked. With the help of the Latin-American decolonial feminist approach of mapping body territories (Cuerpo-Territorio) this paper draws attention to the experiences of homeless women's bodies in relation to space and their complex entanglements with urban power relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Often seen as the ushers of modernization in Saudi Arabia, the U.S. company California-Arabian Standard Oil Company (CASOC), which became Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) in 1944 used a well-crafted public relations programme to present itself as a 'partner' in Saudi Arabia. Through archival and published material, this paper uses three lenses (environment; minds and bodies; homes) to unpack the different policies implemented by CASOC/Aramco towards its Saudi hosts and employees. First, the active greening of the Saudi desert extended a form of environmental determinism in which the making of a productive landscape at the hands of U.S. experts would create a hospitable environment. This productive landscape would supposedly influence and shape the Saudi man. Secondly, the Saudi man's mind and body were targeted through training programmes which aimed to shape the Saudi employee into an ideal worker. Lastly, the modern Saudi house, funded by Aramco, was crafted as the ultimate symbol of development and progress. Establishing the Home Ownership Program (HOP) in 1951, Aramco sought to use housing as a tool for development in the same manner that it did with the environment. Thus, using these lenses, the narrative below unravels Aramco's carefully curated but fraught narrative of 'partnership'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the security politics of opposition to trans rights in the United States and United Kingdom. It argues that opponents of 'gender ideology' view transness as a threat to reproductive ability and therefore as a threat to national, societal and/or racial reproduction. Anti-trans movements articulate reproductive dis/ability along lines of gender, age and race, with an overwhelming focus on (what they imagine as) white girls' developmental capacity for biologized motherhood, and white men's developed genital size and sexual appetite. The article first develops an analytic framework combining Alison Howell's account of global health security with queer, feminist and Trans Studies scholarship on reproductive nationalism. It then outlines a history of transatlantic security politics surrounding reproduction, showing that today's moral panic extends a long lineage. Turning to contemporary anti-trans movements, the article argues that these approach children's and/or feminized bodies as sites of national, racial and/or societal security, in need of defence against invasive, reproductively disabling, or racially degenerate trans threats. Overall, the article argues, opposition to transness exposes the broader security politics of reproduction, not least how these configure race, gender and age with dis/ability and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mike McCormack’s novel Solar Bones (2016) explores the collapse of Celtic Tiger Ireland not only through its aging, struggling protagonist, Marcus Conway, but also through the female body and its association with shame – specifically, the bodies of his wife, Mairead, and his daughter, Agnes. While Mairead’s water poisoning critiques inadequate political structures, Agnes politicises female bodily shame through an artwork created with her own blood. By externalising the Kristevan abject – her blood – and deliberately presenting her body as shameful, Agnes enacts a form of emancipation that disrupts the symbolic patriarchal order. This article argues that McCormack’s novel subverts both post-independence ideals of ‘virtuous’ femininity and neoliberal, at times reactionary, Celtic Tiger discourses surrounding the female body. By engaging shame as a meta- and counter-discursive tool, Solar Bones illuminates the lived materiality of women’s bodies, challenging their historical and contemporary invisibility and objectification. Thus, the novel’s entanglement of shame and corporeality not only questions and disrupts entrenched narratives but also bridges past and present, fostering recognition and respect for women’s embodied realities. Moreover, it contributes to a broader understanding of the female body, not merely as a passive symbol within national and political discourses but as a complex, interrelational agent that affects – and is affected by – political, economic and historical forces. To analyse these issues, this study integrates affect theories of shame with historical and political insights while also considering Solar Bones’ meta-modernist and experimental quality, which, on an aesthetic and narratological level, provides the foundation for challenging both calcified and recent shame dynamics.

Abstract Objective This present study investigated the prevalence, characteristics, and management of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) foreign body (FB) in the pediatric population of Tamale. Study Design Retrospective observational study for otorhinolaryngology surgeries from 2019 to 2022 for children aged 17 years and below at Tamale Teaching Hospital. Methods A checklist created was used to collect data from the Otorhinolaryngology Surgeries records from 2019 to 2022. Chi‐square and binary logistics regression analysis were done for associations. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results Two hundred and sixty‐three cases were included in this study, and the mean age of the study participants was (4.3 ± 3.8) years with a minimum age of 1 month and a maximum age of 17 years. Most (65.4%) of the study participants were under‐5 years. The prevalence of FB in this study was 47.9%. The majority (54.8%) of the ENT FB incidence was through ingestion. Almost half (50.8%) of the ENT FB was removed through esophagoscopy. Among the foreign bodies, the coin was the most common (44.5%). Those less than 1 year were more likely to encounter FB than those 12 years and above (adust odds ratio [AOR] = 27.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.7–164.6). Again, those of 5 to less than 12 years were more likely to encounter ENT FB than those 12 years and above (AOR = 5.7, 95% CI = 1.2–26.3). Conclusions Foreign bodies are a common occurrence in pediatric otorhinolaryngology surgeries in Tamale Teaching Hospital. Younger children are more likely to report for otorhinolaryngology surgeries for FB in Tamale Teaching Hospital.

The article notes that control over the activities of bar self-governance bodies is critically important for ensuring the proper functioning of justice and the protection of citizens' rights. With the increase in complaints about the improper actions of lawyers and bar self-governance bodies, the issue of their control is becoming increasingly relevant. The lack of proper control can lead to violations of citizens' rights, a decrease in trust in the legal system, and the emer gence of legal conflicts. It is emphasized that recent legislative changes in Ukraine have aimed to improve the mechanisms of control over the activities of lawyers and bar self-governance bodies. This includes the introduction of new ethical standards, increased transparency of various qualification procedures, and enhanced accountability for professional misconduct. These initiatives were intended to ensure a high level of professionalism and responsibility among lawyers, as well as to increase public trust in the legal system. The importance of researching this topic is highlighted for analyzing the effectiveness of existing control mechanisms and identifying possible ways to improve them, which, in turn, will contribute to strengthening the rule of law in Ukraine. In conclusion, the features of control over the activities of bar self-governance bodies are established as follows: targeted influence - ensuring compliance with and enforcement of legislation by bar self-governance bodies, avoiding violations, providing organizational and practical support; object of control: activities of bar self-governance bodies; nature of control - both internal and external, carried out by the bar self-governance bodies themselves on a self-regulatory basis and by specially authorized state control entities; specificity of goals, functions, and tasks; peculiarities in the forms and methods of control activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay proposes the trans potential of William Blake's composite art, focusing on his visuality of text and bodies in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell and Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion. Blake's bodies do not fit into human-made systems of classification. He disorients life/death, human/animal, human/spirit, and male/female divisions through fluid representations of gender and corporeality. In the Marriage , Blake shifts between roman and cursive handwriting to signify transition. In Jerusalem , he imagines a non-exclusionary future where everyone is assured freedom and toleration, regardless of class, sex, gender, race, ethnicity, or species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feminist theories have broadly delved into the discourse surrounding bodies (Grosz, Elizabeth. 1994. Volatile Bodies: Toward a Corporeal Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press). Their contributions have subverted the idea that bodies are merely passive matter, opening up new ways of conceptualizing the world in corporeal terms. Their insights have been useful in understanding that human bodies emerge in situated-historical encounters, and cannot be separated from mind. This holds significant implications for the field of education (hooks, bell. 1994. Teaching to Transgress: Education as the Practice of Freedom. Abingdon: Routledge). In this article, we depart from the project 'TRAY-AP: Learning trajectories of undergraduate students: conceptions, strategies, technologies, and contexts'. Reading from 'posts' perspectives such as feminist new materialisms, the affective turn or posthumanisms, helps us to think through relational ontologies, beyond dualisms, embracing a commitment to the human and morethan-human bodies. Through these perspectives, the project helps us to deepen into how Spanish higher education students conceive their bodies and the role of bodies in their learning trajectories. The paper concludes by shedding light on how bodies are still considered inert beings, but students see their learning processes as corporeal and embodied, intersected by gender struggles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Priscyll Avoine suggests that, "[p]olitics is what happens between bodies" (2022, 7). With this in mind, this paper reflects on what happens when women of faith from the Israel-Palestine region, situated within the ongoing political conflict, encounter one another in a "third space" through their involvement in peacebuilding. I examine the affective impact of the material textures of these encounters, which range from organized institutional events to intimate interpersonal conversations. I argue that the (contested) processes of curation, facilitation and transformation within this space of bodily encounter be specifically attentive to "hierarchical markers" which, left un-named or un-explored, emerge as performative frictions between participants. The texture (scratchiness, softness) of the relationships (generated, enabled, hampered, disabled) within this "third space" exposes the complications of the "situated" body – from a site of (relentless) conflict to a site of (relative) peace, from a state of separation to a state of encounter, from a weariness of permanence to a transient moment in time. Each of these shifts in meanings of embodiment impact explicitly and implicitly on the material presence in a space where the borders of bodily otherness are disrupted, and potentially transform these bodies, the relationships between them, and the spaces they inhabit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the gendered dynamics of revolutionary movements through a focus on women's bodies as tools of resistance and protest. In the Myanmar Spring Revolution, gendered relations of power articulate with military authority to engender both women's activism and military responses. To maintain power, the Myanmar military have sought to regulate women's behaviour – and quell the protest – through attention to women's bodies, sexuality, and reproductive potential. In response, women activists have mobilised against both state control and the violation of women's bodies in imaginative and transgressive ways, using their bodies as well as gendered artefacts to subvert patriarchal and military norms. This analysis shows how women's bodies constitute both the material object of protest – in the virtual and physical spheres – and the subject of resistance, aiming to challenge gendered logics. It means that the gendered body must be taken seriously in studies on revolutions and protests. The integral yet historically overlooked role of women in Myanmar's revolutionary movements necessitates a gender-conscious analytical lens to fully comprehend the transformative potential and the power dynamics of such upheavals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflecting on findings from over ten years of research, four studies, and a focused two-day workshop, this article argues that it is past time to surface gender as a critical consideration in reimagining care homes to create conditions of dignity and respect for residents, workers, and families in all their diversity. Considering care homes as an indicator of equity in welfare states, we deploy a concept of gender that acknowledges the relationship between bodies and social relations, and an inclusive concept of women that interrogates the differences among women. We outline the reasons that make care homes a women's issue, explaining why women are the majority of care home residents and staff across jurisdictions in high-income countries. We draw insights from our workshop and research studies to discuss how gender is both ignored and embedded in care home design and offer considerations and possibilities for designing care homes for women in all their diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the emergence of ideas about corporeal hechos [facts] in the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Caribbean. The establishment of facts around the human flesh in the early modern Caribbean and their circulation occurred in multiple social and cultural spaces but was prominent in the world of slave trading. This development depended on the creation of categories for the fixation of the flesh in the public discourse that appeared in governmental, judicial, and private records in locales in Europe and the Americas. At the same time, the development of this Caribbean tradition of facts required the circulation of these ideas and categories as inscribed in procedures of tacit knowledge related to bodies, practices that were evident in the work of slave-trading communities in the region. The creation of bodily facts emerged, in the end, from techniques that inscribed human bodies in accounts and transactions of all sorts moving across the Atlantic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication cuts across all dimensions of social life, facing multiple contemporary challenges. This article explores six key challenges for the field of communication, of which three main ones are explored in depth: Critically dialogue between training, research and the profession; Expanding and strengthening the interdisciplinarity of the field; and Recovering the democratic potential of the Internet. The article highlights the need to integrate the digital with face-to-face human relations and strengthen social ties. It also underlines the importance of designing participatory processes that use technologies in a socially intelligent way to advance democratization, although this path is long and complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This e-special issue of Theory, Culture & Society presents works published by and about US philosopher and activist Judith Butler (b. 1956), Distinguished Scholar at the Graduate School, University of California, Berkeley. They have contributed to Theory, Culture & Society and inspired key debates and scholarship around their work. Gender Trouble transformed our understanding of gender, influencing generations of academics, activists, and cultural producers. Butler is an exceptional thinker who aims to build more inclusive and sustainable societies through their writing, which has influenced numerous fields, e.g. sociology, gender studies, politics, and the arts. The editorial introduction juxtaposes earlier and subsequent writings by Butler in order to encourage a wider reading of their work. Drawing upon the full catalogue of Theory, Culture & Society and Body & Society, the collection includes articles published by Butler, interviews with them, a book review, and articles about their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we foreground the bodies of students and academics in studies of the internationalisation of higher education (IHE) and consider how internationalisation processes are shaped by embodiment and the geographies of (em)placement. Over the past 20 years, IHE has been extensively discussed within academic and policy circles. Such accounts have often been dominated by macro-level concerns. Within these discourses, the international mobility of students and academics have been a central focus. Although scholars within the social sciences are increasingly attentive to the social, cultural, and political dimensions of IHE, there has been little explicit discussion of bodies and the ways in which international mobilities are corporeal, involving in place/out of placeness and the politics and policies governing embodied (im)mobilities. This paper has two main objectives mapping on to two substantive sections. The first is to highlight the importance of the body within recent geographical scholarship and to juxtapose this with a notable absence within IHE research. The second is to consider where the body is present (explicitly or otherwise) in the bountiful literature on IHE and to draw out the meanings of this, arguing that paying attention to bodies exposes the (re)production of exclusionary hierarchies. The paper contributes to a growing corpus of work on the body within geography and extends critical geographies of the internationalisation of higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we build on Adey, Budd and Hubbard's 2007 'Flying Lessons' paper by proposing four trajectories – bodies, infrastructures, technologies and disruptions – along which future research may follow for aeromobility studies. Since 'Flying Lessons', concerns for aviation have spread and developed into new areas beyond the experience of the individual air-passenger, but they have also remained somewhat disparate. Our article seeks to synthesise, trace and evaluate these shifts, and to draw out their interconnections, inter-referentialisms and contradictions. We envision a future geographies of flying that is far more entangled and attuned to aeromobilities' ambiguous relations, both human and more-than-human. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios sobre Cuerpos, Emociones y Sociedad is the property of Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios sobre Cuerpos, Emociones y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Públic is the property of Revista Catalana de Dret Public and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Climate change is one of the key foci of critical geopolitics in the twenty‐first century, with a proliferation of scholarship considering the international conferences, imaginaries, and securitisations of the climate crisis. Since 2019, Tuvalu has been using human bodies submerged in water – including diplomats, children, and politicians ‐ within its diplomacy to draw attention to the severity of the climate crisis. By examining contemporary Tuvaluan climate diplomacy, this article advocates for a greater engagement with feminist geopolitics to interrogate the embodied practices of climate diplomacy. It draws upon fieldwork conducted in the South Pacific in 2018 and 2019 including at the 50th Pacific Island Forum in Tuvalu. Firstly, this article explores the 2019 visit of the Secretary General of the United Nations to Tuvalu ‐ arguing the photoshoot of him wearing a formal suit in the lagoon connected the imaginary of Tuvalu as a ‘sinking island’ to a wider international community. Secondly, it considers the use of Tuvaluan schoolchildren playing in the water during the 50th Pacific Island Forum. It argues this constituted a vital territorial conjuncture that drew attention to Australia's inaction on climate change and the risk to Tuvalu's future from the rise of sea level. Thirdly, it considers the body of Simon Kofe, Foreign Minister of Tuvalu, during his addresses to COP26 and COP27 from firstly the lagoon in Funafuti and then the metaverse, to examine the shifting narratives of Tuvalu's future within its climate diplomacy. This article argues that climate diplomacy is a deeply embodied practice and human geography scholarship must be more attentive to the geopolitical work that bodies do within climate diplomacy to understand the temporalities and spatialities of diplomacy better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we move from considering the chair as an (inanimate) object, to exploring its vitality through a more vibrant and active reading of this inescapable everyday item. We are inspired by feminist new materialism and how affect shapes our understanding of matter. Reading matter in this way surfaces our orientations toward everyday items that show embodied practices of mattering. This, in turn, shines light on how we imbue objects with meaning, and how objects exceed these designations and categorisations to form new unbounded relations with the world. We focus on affective and symbolic meanings to consider different types of chairs, the spaces they occupy, and who comes to sit in them. For example, the empty chair expects an arrival; the occupied chair raises questions related to place and hospitality. Exploring whose bodies occupy an academic chair enables us to understand our embodied relationships with objects and work. We use personal experiences to engage in acts of experimental writing, reflecting on our lived experiences, and combining philosophical musings that bring the chair to life. By re-thinking our relationships to chairs, we invite the reader to resist the urge to dismiss them as mundane pieces of furniture worthy of only function or dismissal, and instead foster an openness that expands consideration of the material relations that travel across bodies and nonhuman kin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is important to consider when defining and creating a utopic vision? Pauline Hopkins' characters and worldbuilding in her 1902-1903 serial novel Of One Blood, or the Hidden Self reflects the dynamic negotiations that happen in third space ecologies while also challenging traditional notions of utopia. The third space is a location of identity formation, meaning-making, and differing power dynamics that are inherent in hierarchical spaces and lived theory of experience. Therefore, third spaces are revolutionary spaces where negotiations are made. Her final novel challenges the popular expectations of African American people in the early 20th century. Hopkins' utopian worldbuilding and activist endeavors lead readers to a clearer vision of how to move forward in a world that is dealing with racial tensions and environmental degradation. Her rejection of the cult of true womanhood and tropes like the tragic mulatta, as well as her interest in the sciences aid in her construction of bodily third space ecologies which are used to disrupt white Western ideology. By looking at literary depictions of third spaces, we can better understand how relationships with the land and the "other" are constructed and how fixed identities can hinder the human development of utopian futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Index: Revista de Arte Contemporaneo is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Charles Brockden Brown's Wieland (1798), considered the first American novel, represents the emergent nation's social, political, and architectural landscape as fundamentally shaped by sound. Yet, while voice has garnered much critical attention in regards to American identity, the significance of sound more broadly has been overlooked. This article argues that Brown presents sound as an opportunistic infection that alters physiological function as it circulates between speakers and listeners. In fact, Wieland 's soundscape embodies the very qualities scholars like Cathy Caruth associate with traumatic experience: it resists boundaries of place and time; defies linguistic expression; and subjects bodies to shocking, repetitive events that haunt them. Ultimately, I argue that Brown's representation of the audible world generates new understandings of how trauma moves between and within bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their 2015 article on stuntwomen, Miranda J. Banks and Lauren Steimer argue that the figure of the stunt double is subjected to a process of erasure throughout the production of the action film or series, and most certainly in popular press accounts that promote the idea of stars (both male and female) as the performers of their own stunts. This erasure is also evident in the comparative lack of scholarly work on the labour-intensive – and often life-threatening – contributions made by stunt performers to the on-screen fantasy of the kick-ass action star. The Bond franchise has seen its female characters increasingly defined by their all-action credentials and, consequently, the size of the stunt team has grown with a higher number of female stunt performers being included. This article looks at how stuntwomen have contributed to the spectacle of the Bond franchise, including driver Jessica Hawkins and the much in demand Marie Mouroum, both of whom worked on No Time to Die (2021). As behind-the-scenes footage of most action franchises becomes more available and often forms part of the marketing of franchise cinema, including the Bond films, the concept of erasure will be examined in relation to these contemporary contexts of production. The increased diversity of action heroines also opens up sites of exploration around women of colour as part of these production processes, both on-screen and behind the scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we consider suitcases: ubiquitous objects in museum exhibitions used to signify incarceration as well as involuntary or forced migration. Building on fieldwork from museums and public spaces, we consider how suitcases themselves are consigned to the "attic of memory:" As museum displays or as piles of discarded remnants, offered as vestiges, as witnesses to human loss and suffering at death camps such as Auschwitz. We consider suitcases firstly as aspects of the extended self, as described in Russell Belk's work, and subsequently as symbolic object figuring imprisonment and mobility in museum exhibitions. We present three different such instances: a suitcase full of personal belongings presented to a museum, a set of concrete facsimile suitcases symbolizing forced migration, and a display of suitcases representing individual stories of confinement and migration. Although some of the life stories in the latter exhibition are presented with happy endings, by and large the museum displays featuring suitcases tell of forced movement and forced immobility. This tension animates our analysis, as we explore the double signification of suitcases as markers of mobility, but also of immobility and imprisonment, as well as the intrusive gaze of the state or other voyeur (including the museum visitor). A suitcase is, thus, not just an extension of the self but represents the lost body, for which the museum becomes the final, very public resting place. It becomes and remains an important memory device, even as its very ubiquity threatens to banalize its meaning into a one‐dimensional shortcut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Imagofagia is the property of Imagofagia - AsAECA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Toward an Anthropology of Screens by Mauro Carbone and Graziano Lingua is an insightful book about the cultural and philosophical significance of screens, which highlights their role in mediating human interactions, reshaping relationships with people and artefacts, and raising ethical questions about their pervasive influence in contemporary life.

The article notes that control over the activities of bar self-governance bodies is critically important for ensuring the proper functioning of justice and the protection of citizens’ rights. With the increase in complaints about the improper actions of lawyers and bar self-governance bodies, the issue of their control is becoming increasingly relevant. The lack of proper control can lead to violations of citizens’ rights, a decrease in trust in the legal system, and the emergence of legal conflicts. It is emphasized that recent legislative changes in Ukraine have aimed to improve the mechanisms of control over the activities of lawyers and bar self-governance bodies. This includes the introduction of new ethical standards, increased transparency of various qualification procedures, and enhanced accountability for professional misconduct. These initiatives were intended to ensure a high level of professionalism and responsibility among lawyers, as well as to increase public trust in the legal system. The importance of researching this topic is highlighted for analyzing the effectiveness of existing control mechanisms and identifying possible ways to improve them, which, in turn, will contribute to strengthening the rule of law in Ukraine. In conclusion, the features of control over the activities of bar self-governance bodies are established as follows: targeted influence – ensuring compliance with and enforcement of legislation by bar self-governance bodies, avoiding violations, providing organizational and practical support; object of control: activities of bar self-governance bodies; nature of control – both internal and external, carried out by the bar self-governance bodies themselves on a self-regulatory basis and by specially authorized state control entities; specificity of goals, functions, and tasks; peculiarities in the forms and methods of control activities.