Search

Background: The U.S.-Mexico "border wall" between El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico was raised and extended beginning in 2018 in accordance with Presidential Executive Order 13,767. We hypothesized that these changes resulted in increased incidence and severity of injuries of individuals attempting to cross the border wall in the El Paso region. Methods: A retrospective cohort review was conducted of University Medical Center of El Paso Trauma Registry charts from 2001 to 2022. Year of injury, gender, age, Injury Severity Score, hospital length-of-stay, ICU length-of-stay, ventilator days, and survival were analyzed by Chi-square analysis with Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Independent Samples T-test for continuous variables. An independent samples Mann Whitney U Test was used to compare border wall fall injuries before and after 2018. Results: Of the 842 patients reviewed, 69 patients presented before 2018 and 773 presented from 2018 to 2022. Statistically significant differences were identified in the mean Injury Severity Score which increased from 6.3 (SD ± 3.8) to 8.3 (SD ± 5.5, p <.001) and the mean hospital length-of-stay which increased from 6.7 days (SD ± 5.5) to 9.5 days (SD ± 8.0, p <.005). Conclusion: The incidence, severity, and hospital length-of-stay related to injuries crossing the U.S.-Mexico border have increased with changes in height of the border wall since 2018. Additional resources should be allocated to Emergency Departments and Trauma Centers along the Southwest Border to serve this unique patient population. Additional consideration should be given to the cost of the border wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Latino Studies is the property of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Migrant destination states of the Global North generally seek to stem irregular migration while remaining committed to refugee rights. To do so, these states have increasingly sought to externalize migration control, implicating migrant origin and transit states in managing the movement of persons across borders. But do externalization policies actually have an impact on unauthorized migration flows? If yes, do those impacts vary across different migrant categories given that both asylum seekers and other migrants can cross borders without prior authorization? We argue that these policies do have an impact on unauthorized migration flows and that those impacts are distinct for refugees and other migrants. Using data on "irregular/illegal border crossings" collected by Frontex, the Border and Coast Guard Agency of the European Union (EU), we first find that the geographical trajectories of refugees and other migrants who cross EU borders without authorization are distinct. Using a novel method to estimate whether individuals are likely to obtain asylum in 31 European destination states, we find that "likely refugees" tend to be concentrated on a single, primary migratory route while "likely irregular migrants" may be dispersed across multiple routes. Through an event study analysis of the impact of the 2016 EU–Turkey Statement, a paradigmatic example of externalization, we show that the policy primarily blocked likely refugees while deflecting likely irregular migrants to alternative routes. Our findings ultimately highlight how externalization policies may fail to prevent unauthorized entries of irregular migrants while endangering refugee protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transformation of regional identities by administrative spatial restructurings has been relatively little studied, particularly in the context of regional deinstitutionalization. This article develops further a theoretical and conceptual framework of regional identities in spatial restructurings by discussing how deinstitutionalized 'phantom' regions with 'penumbral' borders beget more hybrid spatial identities. Empirically, the focus is on the Huizhou region in China: we study the changes in regional identity generated by several spatial de‐ and reconstruction processes. Underlining hybridity, we show that, although regional identity is shifting away from territorial belonging to Huizhou in some parts of the region (e.g. Wuyuan County), cultural identification with the Huizhou region remains strong even after a long period of administrative separation. Relatedly, we point out that deinstitutionalization in the Huizhou region has not been exhaustive and its regional identity is being increasingly reconstructed in a utilitarian manner for economic purposes. Despite (and partly because of) this, a sense of regional belonging has been maintained. Regional identities associated with Huizhou are relational and, more precisely, hybrid, as they are connected to regions that are neither fully institutionalized nor deinstitutionalized but appear as multilayered palimpsests that are being transformed through processes of constant making and remaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several Middle Iranian writings mention that Zab "spōxt" Afrasiab, thereby restoring water and borders. Some modern Iranian texts ascribe the same act of shooting at Afrasiab and spōxtan of him to Arash. Could the narratives of Arash and the kingdom of Zab perhaps be two iterations of a shared tale, wherein the myth is occasionally ascribed to both a warrior and the ruler of said warrior? Shahnameh scholars have identified various justifications for the omission of Arash's story in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. We can divide these justifications into two categories: firstly, Ferdowsi's original text did not include Arash's story, and secondly, Ferdowsi's text initially included Arash's story but later removed it during the compilation of Shahnameh. This article investigates whether the Shahnameh presents and narrates the story of Arash the Archer in a distinct narrative style, potentially following the "myth turn" method. The resolution of this inquiry hinges on demonstrating the convergence of the Zab myth and the Arash myth in terms of their underlying motif, as well as substantiating the existence of other instances of transformation and interchange between Zab and Arash in other literary works. By adopting this altered perspective, it becomes plausible to propose the hypothesis that Zab Tahmasab's realm and the tale of Arash are both retellings of an ancient Indo-European myth. This myth revolves around a deity associated with illumination who bestows rainfall and traverses boundaries, thus facilitating the potential for collective migration. Furthermore, the transfer and "myth turn" from Arash to Zab are evident in various Middle Iranian and New Iranian sources and share a comparable historical context.IntroductionThe tale of Arash is an ancient Indo-Iranian myth, with indications of its existence in older Indo-European stories as well. This myth is a variation of an ancient mythological tale that revolves around the deity of illumination. Following the division of the Indo-European and, subsequently, Indo-Iranian communities, the myth underwent expansion and adaptation in diverse manifestations and under different appellations. However, the underlying narrative of all these versions remains consistent, focusing on the god's story. A diverse array of figures, including Mithra, Tashtar, Azar, Shiva, Tir, Thor, Jam, Fereydon, Zab, and Arash, depict the luminosity of Marznamaz's aquatic realm. Arash was a renowned and esteemed figure among several Aryan tribes, including Indians, Hindus, Persians, and Parthians. Prayers, coinage, and stone sculptures widely celebrated his name, character, and narrative. It is likely that both monarchs, soldiers, and the general populace invoked Arash's name. They burden themselves with numerous responsibilities and seek divine favor and safeguarding by claiming descent from him. Nevertheless, Arash's presence in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is minimal, with only a few mentions occurring beyond the expected timeframe of his life. This has prompted speculation over the omission of Arash's story in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, giving rise to several hypotheses.This article quickly examines three perspectives on the absence of the story of Arash in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. It suggests that the myth of Arash might have been included in the Shahnameh through an alternative narrative while still maintaining its essence. The tale of Arash, the deity associated with the boundary between the Indo-Iranian water regions, is believed to have originated from the king named Zab, as mentioned in certain Middle Iranian and New Iranian accounts. This phenomenon involves the shifting of attribution within a complex sequence of causes and effects, leading to the attribution of the same act of self-care at times to a warrior, at times to a ruler, and at times to God. Given that the exchange between Arash and Zab has been well-known and common since the middle Iranian period, it is reasonable to assume that Ferdowsi was aware of it. Ferdowsi's Shahnameh omits Arash's story to concentrate on narrating the story of Zab Tahmasb's kingdom.Literature ReviewArash Kamangir has been the focus of numerous studies conducted during the past two centuries. Some of the studies pertaining to Arash or indirectly addressing Arash include: The scholarly article "The preeminent Aryan marksman in Avesta and Tabari" was authored by Noldeke in 1881. This article asserts that the historical context of Arash's narrative predates the Iranian era. The Rigveda mentions Arash, an Indo-Iranian figure, as Ariksha.The article "Arash Kamangir and Vishnu," authored by Ziauddin Dashtakhaki and Pourkhalaghi Chatroudi in 2013, examines the similarities and differences between Vishnu and Arash. It sheds light on Arash's history and identity as an Aryan (Indo-Iranian) with potential pre-Aryan origins.The essay "Who was Arash Shawatir?" by Mariya (2012) provides valuable insights on the perspective of Iranians during the Sassanid period regarding the narrative of Arash. It also explores the Indo-Iranian origins of this tale.The article "The Absence of Arash Kamangir in the Shahnameh," authored by Jabri and Kehrizi in 2013, examines the rationale behind the omission of Arash's narrative in the Shahnameh. The authors argue that the antagonistic relationship between the Sassanid ruling structure and Arash, which manifested itself at the levels of kings, Khawases, and Mobdans, is responsible for this omission.The article "Why is the story of Arash Kamangir not in the Shahnameh?" by Khatibi (2016) examines the reasons behind the absence of the story of Arash in the Shahnameh. It explores the inclusion of Scythian narratives related to the Rostam family in the Iranian national epic and the impact of these narratives on the portrayal of Arash Kamangir.MethodologyThis article employs a research methodology that combines both descriptive and analytical approaches. In addition to referencing legendary sources, the study draws upon the views of renowned mythologists such as Heinels, Eliade, Karnoy, Dumzil, and others.ConclusionDespite Arash's significant popularity among the Aryan descendants, Ferdowsi's Shahnameh does not include his name in the expected timeframe. This omission has led Shahnameh experts to propose many explanations for the matter. This article aimed to scrutinize the historical evidence of Arash's narrative, irrespective of the mention of his name, and subsequently identify any references to him within the Shahnameh. Arash belongs to the Irdan group, which is associated with the luminous Marznama water space. He is also part of a family that includes numerous Aryan gods and deities, such as Mithra, Tashtar, Vishnu, Jam, Fereydun, Kiqbad, and Kikhusro. Indo-Iranian mythology prominently features this deity, particularly in the Shahnameh. The Shahnameh depicts it as intervening during periods of drought and darkness that plague the Aryan homelands. By warding off malevolent spirits and restoring light, boundaries, and water, this god restores balance and prosperity. Periods of drought and darkness marked the late Manouchehr kingdom in Iran, leading to the removal of boundaries and water. The era in Shahnameh concludes with the arrival of Zab, who successfully expels Afrasiab and reinstates the borders and water resources. Ferdowsi's narrative style may account for the omission of Arash during this significant period, which encompassed his life and death. Ferdowsi derived this narrative from the exchange and transmission between Arash and Zab, intricately linking it to the story of Hardoshan and the mythological deity of light at the border. The middle Iranian period marked the beginning of this linguistic shift, which persisted into the modern Iranian period. Ferdowsi's awareness of the shift between the names Arash and Zab and their interconnected stories is reasonable. Therefore, by including the story of the kingdom of Zab, there is an opportunity to fill the gap in the narration of Arash's story.

Right-wing extremism is a form of political extremism. In recent years, strengthening far-right forces has been an unnoticeable trend and a global problem. The main aim of the study will be to find out whether and to what extent the inclination of the respondents living in the territory of the Prešov and Košice regions is related to the views and attitudes of the extreme right in Slovakia in the context of the above-mentioned socio-political developments related to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In addition to the theoretical definition of the basic terminological background, the paper includes the interpretation of the results of quantitative research aimed at determining the degree of acceptance of right-wing radicalism and extremism and identifying the manifestations of covert and overt support for these phenomena in eastern Slovakia in the context of the war in Ukraine. The article uses analytical and descriptive methods and a representative survey by a questionnaire.

Objective: to substantiate the existence of national cyber sovereignty as a legal concept; by introducing the concept of state cyber interests as an innovative determinant, to review the traditional concepts of national sovereignty and state borders in the context of the dynamic nature of cyberspace and the need to develop a hybrid mechanism for cyber borders protection, based simultaneously on law and technology.Methods: the doctrinal method was used to identify the basic discrepancies in the views of leading scientists in different fields on fundamental theoretical-methodological, conceptual and categorical issues, including the justification of a single algorithm for establishing borders in cyberspace. The doctrinal method is supplemented by the analysis of judicial practice of different countries, which allows considering the courts extending their jurisdiction to disputes related to cyberspace.Results: the study presents the application of traditional and modern legal concepts of sovereignty in the new digital environment, resulting in a combination of legal and technological approaches. The author reveals functional significance of the concept of state cyber interests for demarcating cyberspace and defining the boundaries of national sovereignty. The adaptability of this concept to the technically uncertain nature of cyberspace is shown. The conclusion is made about the main directions in forming the concept of cyber interests in cyberspace and its political and legal implications, based, among other things, on the practice of courts of different countries in resolving cyber disputes.Scientific novelty: the concept of state cyber interests is considered as an innovative method of defining cyber borders. It leads to the transformation of the traditional sovereignty concept and the close national interest concept in relation to cyberspace in the context of fulfilling security requirements and intensifying national defense against cyber threats.Practical significance: the obtained results eliminate existing contradictions in the definition of sovereignty and its spatial limits under the modern technology development; contribute to the elaboration of a disciplinary standard of cyber sovereignty based on a reliable demarcator necessary for the definition of state sovereignty and borders in cyberspace; adapt traditional legal concepts of sovereignty and national interests to the global modern cyber challenges; contribute to the transformation of traditional legal concepts of sovereignty and national interests in cyberspace.

This paper explores the operationalization of policy directionality in terms of goal consistency as well as the spatial dimensions of problems and solutions. The study focuses on cross-border regions (CBRs), since they are engaged in cooperation to tackle common challenges. This study employs a comparative analysis across two EU CBRs, drawing on a theoretical framework that integrates the trinity of agency scholarships and the literature on the multiplicity of border functions. By combining these perspectives, we aim to illustrate how agents navigate the opportunity spaces generated within CBRs. This paper aims to shed light on the interplay between agents to navigate the conditions that the presence of international border generates in the EU cross-border regions (CBR)s to tackle Societal Challenges (SC)s. Through this integrated framework, we explore how agents perceive, interpret, and respond to the complex dynamics and possibilities that emerge in CBRs, shedding light on the interplay between structure and agency in these unique spatial settings. The findings show how SC can be framed at different scales with ambivalent results in terms of consistency of policy goals. Framed through the trinity agency framework, actors interacted collectively to generate and transfer knowledge in the CBRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses Anderson's notions of national imaginings and calendrical coincidence as theoretical framework and the ideas of selected political economic theorists to examine Zebra Crossing's depiction of precarious illegal crossing of national borders by economically desperate Zimbabweans in the years leading up to the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup held in South Africa. The novel foregrounds issues of identity by depicting challenges encountered by an orphan teenage girl with albinism not only to cross the physical border but her tragic failure to negotiate various socially constructed boundaries that result when destructive post-colonial African national imaginations collide with the global economy's insatiable anti-egalitarian logic of capital accumulation. With varying degrees of success, Zebra Crossing transgresses prevailing contemporary classificatory systems of literary works and many boundaries related to post-colonial African national imaginings as these intersect with the predatory features of contemporary global capitalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amapá, in the Brazilian Amazon, and the Province of Santa Cruz, in Argentine Patagonia, are considered both frontier territories, as much in terms of the frontier geography as the forms of development. These facts have produced significant conflict situations. The central objective of the research was to analyze capitalist accumulation in the border zone in two provinces/states, one in the north; and the other in the south of the South American continent, concerning the big economic projects and the disputes facing socio-territorial movements. In terms of method, we start from decolonialism and political ecology as a way of demonstrating the relevance of socio-territorial movements, based on orality, information from official databases, maps and images. images. As a result, we realized that developmentalist discourses prevail, whether via the state or large capitalist enterprises, leading to the denial or disqualification of those who are either directly affected or deterritorialized; or who fight for the right to a living territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores and discusses the visual symbolic imaginaries generated by four artificial intelligence (AI) programs regarding the Mexico-United States border. The visual production hinges upon six key concepts that emerge from the general theme: “Most relevant symbolic imaginaries of the wall, violence, woman, childhood, inequality, and migration related to the Mexico-United States border.” The AI programs used to produce the images are Midjourney, Leonardo.ai, Stable Diffusion, and Dall-E 2. An experimental methodology defines the key concepts and symbolic imaginaries at the border between the United States and Mexico through ChatGPT 3.5. The images have been obtained by translating the written concepts into images using such programs. The generative image programs are conceptualized based on the aesthetic apparatus theory and the posthuman vision. The images are analyzed using the theory of social, cultural, and symbolic imaginaries. The analysis reveals ideological biases and aesthetic tendencies in the visually synthesized symbolic imaginaries and rhetorical regimes of the Mexico-United States border through generative image production programs. It also builds a critical-sociopolitical perspective on three main aspects: a conceptualization of generative image programs as techno-aesthetic apparatuses, a reflection on the creative construction processes of visual discourses produced by AI devices, and an examination of the ideological and aesthetic biases of the images understood as techno-aesthetic objects obtained from this visual production technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article empirically maps and compares types of knowledge produced about people on the move by the European border security apparatus. Exploring two complementary analytical moments, the article addresses the stabilization of power and contingent practices within such apparatuses. We argue, first, that analyzing classification schemas implemented in data systems used within the European apparatus can reveal assumptions and limitations about people on the move—what we call "scripts of alterity." Second, the comparative mapping of scripts of alterity reveals a de facto division of labor between scales of governance that would otherwise be invisible in policy. Utilizing the new Ontology Explorer software method as well as discursive analysis, we identify four scripts of alterity, which materialize relations in data systems and are thus relatively stabilized. Third, we identify as "de-inscriptions" forms of resistance specific to scripts of alterity. These can still be contested and we account for three contingent practices of de-inscription from scripts of alterity by conducting ethnographic observation of data systems' use. Finally, we summarize three contributions that the "scripts of alterity" concept makes to the science and technology studies and to the critical security studies literature on the securitization of cross-border mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RIE: Revista de Investigacion Educativa is the property of RIE: Revista de Investigacion Educativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada is the property of Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pasado y Memoria. Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Pasado y Memoria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The North East Region of India, comprising Meghalaya, Assam, Tripura, Sikkim, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Mizoram, is characterized by a distinctive blend of ethnic, cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity. Connected to the rest of the country via the Siliguri Corridor, also known as Chicken’s Neck, this paper delves into the historical context of conflicts in the region. It assesses various contributing factors such as ethnic diversity, migration patterns, resource allocation, and political interests. Given China's proximity through its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to the Siliguri Corridor, India's attention to this area becomes crucial. Furthermore, the paper evaluates the socio-economic impact of these conflicts and proposes potential strategies for conflict resolution and peace-building efforts. Specifically, it focuses on analyzing border disputes between Assam and neighboring Northeastern states, identifies primary causes of conflict, and offers actionable recommendations for resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been scrutinized he history of illicit trade between Ukraine and Russia since 2014 until nowadays. It has been analyzed the changes in legal system, which are related to the ban of trading operations and the retrospective issues of decriminalization of smuggling. The author has got known about the role of customs and law enforcement bodies’ activity within combating illegal trade and violation of customs rules. The 10 years’ statistics data about the tendencies of the decrease in the smuggling index of various goods has been issued since 2022. It was proved that the most popular contraband goods were counterfeit tobacco products, auto parts, fuel, weapons, drugs, cultural values, etc. The activities of smugglers led to economic losses and failure to receive funds to the state treasure. The importance of the necessity to mix the methodological approaches in social and humanitarian sciences has been stressed. A wide historiographical base is used: legal studies make it possible to analyze the legislative chronology, economic – the consequences for the state that we have as a result of illegal trade. Periodicals of the World Customs Organization, reports of law enforcement and customs bodies represent a statistical value for analysis. There has been proved that the scrutinized issues about the contraband between Ukraine and Russia during 10 years of ‘hybrid’ war are topical and make the necessity to find out the new data about illicit trades activity. The topicality is also related to the absence of the complex scientific works which research this chronological period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we examine the imagining of homeland as one of the discursive practices of rearticulating belonging within new state borders. The study focuses on an under-researched diasporic group of the Dungan community in Kazakhstan and examines how the diaspora subjects make sense of shifting borders and legitimize their presence within an increasingly homogenizing nation-state. Specifically, our interrogation focuses on spatiotemporal frames for re-imagining the notion of homeland and belonging in the context of shifting borders and changing conditions of settlement. We show how the Dungan negotiate their social positioning by re-orienting themselves to their ancestral home and their current place by discursively constructing double loss – permanent dispersal from China, their ancestral homeland, and displacement from the home and ideal life they managed to build in the Soviet Union. This spatiotemporal perspective allows us to see that the notion of homeland, a defining feature of diaspora and often viewed as naturalized and fixed, is a fluid construct, and one which can be rooted in time just as much as in space. The study contributes to understanding of processes of diasporic imagination in response to sociopolitical changes, and shows us that feelings of displacement can arise without physical dispersal, that temporality is as important in the processes of constructing diasporas as spatial movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to provide an analysis of the processes involved in the construction of the perception of a cross-border sustainable tourism destination image in peripheral regions. The research presented was conducted using an empirical approach that merges qualitative and quantitative techniques. The main results of this study include the identification of the key components that contribute to the formation of the image of a sustainable cross-border tourist destination in the region encompassing Alcoutim (Portugal) and Sanlúcar de Guadiana (Spain). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Quebec, geopolitics has not given rise, as a research field, to lively epistemological debates as was the case in France and elsewhere. At the crossroads of the French and Anglo‐Saxon schools of thought, Quebec's geopolitics developed progressively, with a few pioneers in the 1960s, to become an integral part of the geography discipline in the 1980s, driven by geopolitical issues related to the issue of Quebec within Canada. From the 2000s onwards, geopolitics diversified and became more international, becoming a commonly accepted sub‐field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building upon a review of geographic research agendas and concepts related to the uneven geographies of COVID‐19, this first of three articles debates the benefits of geographic analyses to the syndemic approach and, vice versa, of a syndemics perspective to geographic analyses. The syndemics perspective was proposed by critical medical anthropologists. It seeks to deepen the understanding of the structural dimensions and processes that lead to the convergence and cascading of multiple epidemics in specific population groups. Geographers have also highlighted the intersections of multiple health or other crises during COVID‐19, when the pandemic and global health emergency coincided with and escalated existing structural inequalities produced by the climate crisis, environmental degradation, political conflicts and war, socio‐economic disparities and poverty, social divisions, racism, hatred and violence, mental health problems and stress. Geographers have mobilized concepts such as scale, territory, borders and intersectionality to unravel the uneven unfolding and consequences of the global health emergency for diverse population groups. We therefore argue that geography has a lot to contribute to the understanding of the spatial and contextual dimensions of COVID‐19 as a pandemic as well as a syndemic – but it has so far not actively employed the latter concept's analytical lens. Mobilizing the syndemics approach can contribute to more comprehensive accounts of the structural dimensions and processes that continue and cascade in pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Migraciones is the property of Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kolberi constitutes a form of cross-border labor prevalent in the western regions of Iran, wherein individuals engage in the transportation of various goods across borders to generate income. Despite the fact that government institutions and the border guard police consider Kolberi illegal, a large number of border residents are engaged in this job. A part of this group is made up of adolescents, on whom this research is focused. The researchers adopt a Cultural Criminology approach to understand how adolescents get involved in Kolberi. To gather information, the research employed a combination of interviews, document analysis, and virtual data, while thematic analysis was utilized to examine the findings. Our findings reveal that the dialectical interaction between the political economy of border, border culture, and the adolescent Kolbers' subculture contribute to the formation of adolescents Kolberi and the reproduction of Kolberi within the border community. In this way, adolescents Kolberi is an illustrative exemplar of the development of cultural criminology of border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Field Ornithology is the property of Resilience Alliance and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecología Política is the property of Fundacio ENT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mainstream approach of regional integration impact assessments is mainly limited to assessing cross-border development projects/programmes. There is still a lack of critical assessment of how stakeholders at different institutional levels conceptualise the border. Local (municipal) strategic plans provide a reflection of the spatial imaginaries of stakeholders, perception planners, institutional power structures, and, to some extent meaning of the border to the local people. Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) in South Africa were adopted as an important development planning strategy in the post-apartheid era. IDPs of 49 borderland municipalities were systematically reviewed using the Key-Word-in-Context (KWIC) content analysis technique of the keyword 'border' to determine the importance of state borders in light of regional integration. Border security and management is one of the most common themes associated with the border. This suggested that borders were mainly perceived as threats and barely considered as a potential resource for cross-border cooperation or integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Executive Summary: This paper examines the staffing needs of the US Department of Justice's Executive Office for Immigration Review (EOIR), as it seeks to eliminate an immigration court backlog, which approached 2.5 million pending cases at the end of fiscal year (FY) 2023. A previous study by the Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) attributed the backlog to systemic, long-neglected problems in the broader US immigration system. This paper provides updated estimates of the number of immigration judges (IJs) and "judge teams" (IJ teams) needed to eliminate the backlog over ten and five years based on different case receipt and completion scenarios. It also introduces a data tool that will permit policymakers, administrators and researchers to make their own estimates of IJ team hiring needs based on changing case receipt and completion data. Finally, the paper outlines the pressing need for reform of the US immigration system, including a well-resourced, robust, and independent court system, particularly in light of record "encounters" of migrants at US borders in FY 2022 and 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper considers the activities of the Commission for Traveling Abroad operated under the Smolensk Regional Committee of the CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) in the second half of the 1980s. Using the example of the Smolensk region, the authors highlight the work of an organization that controlled the departure of Soviet citizens abroad. The research was conducted on the basis of archival sources stored in the State Archive of the Modern History of the Smolensk region, many of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

In March 1996, a jaguar (Panthera onca) named Border King was seen in Arizona’s Peloncillo Mountains, followed by a sighting of a second male, Macho B, in September. The cats had crossed the U.S.-Mexico border and quickly came to symbolize a conservation success story in complicated geopolitical terrain. Two decades later, the Trump Administration’s increased militarization of the borderlands prompted concerns about the deleterious impacts of border wall expansion for jaguar movement and survival. This study examines the expansion of border barriers, and potential impact on jaguar habitat. Using geospatial technologies and public data, we measure border barrier expansion between 2005 and 2021. We found that of the suitable jaguar habitat that touched the border in the study area (155 km), 86% (or 133 km) had been cut off by border barrier by 2021. We distinguish “wall” from other barriers, including vehicle barriers, using aerial imagery. Our results show although barriers built from 2006 to 2015 were triple the length of those built under Trump, the majority consisted of vehicle barriers, which animals may be able to cross. Trump era construction shifted vehicle barriers to restrictive walls limiting animal movement. We argue examining the type of barrier is crucial in understanding the potential for border “security” disruption to jaguar movement and futures in the borderlands.

This article expands on David Garland’s proposal that punitive practices are influenced by logics of (in)sensitivity, shaping how punishment is conceived and applied. It argues that (in)sensitivity is not a mere peripheral aspect of punishment but a central element thereof. Drawing from this premise, the article elucidates the most prominent features of Garland’s proposition, highlighting the conceptual framework it builds upon. Based on this foundation, the discussion branches into two closely related directions. Firstly, it analytically explores Garland’s contribution, explicating the depth underlying notions of meaning and sensitivity; a development that will underscore the significance of corporeality in fully understanding the imposition of punishment. Secondly, this analysis will be projected onto the context of the current discursive hegemony of security and, more specifically, in the specific manner it manifests in the regulation of migrant mobility. The undeniable preeminence of securitized borders will thus become the fundamental space of analysis to project Garland’s proposal regarding an underlying (in)sensitivity permeating the imposition of punishment. Within this context, it asserts that migrant bodies crossing the border endure punishment, yet their suffering lacks empathy within the security discourse

pp. 1-16 This article analyzes how Carmen Boullosa uses the polyphony of narrative voices and fragmented narration in Texas: La Gran Ladronería en el lejano Norte ( 2012), to question the structure of society through testimonies about an event that marked a drastic change in the social network from the perspective of socially excluded characters and how these testimonies give them power in the dynamics of the book. Texas is set in the year 1859 on the border between Mexico and the United States in the cities of Bruneville and Matasánchez. It tells the story of an ethnically diverse area, which generates a divided and tense society where cultural and power clashes exist. Supported by the theories of subalternity and ethnic studies, I analyze how Boullosa makes a series of criticisms about the social inequality that existed at the time, on the one hand, and identify the subaltern voices through a narrative discourse that makes visible actors who have been omitted from the official history for being considered secondary.