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In the multi-hundred-billion-dollar industry of software development, the debugging process is an expensive task for developers. So, much effort has been put into debugging automation. In the last decade, researchers have repaired codes according to predefined rules which are only effective in limited types of bugs. Through a lot of experiments, researchers have found that deep learning models are useful in code repair automation similar to the revolutionary results these approaches have produced in various other fields. To solve such a difficult problem, recent works focus on debugging bugs that appear on one line of code. It has been reported that this type of bug occurs at an average rate of 1 out of every 1600 lines of code in a software project, which is significant. The current research follows these approaches and introduces a novel automatic code-repair system. We have employed the transfer learning technique to reuse a pre-trained model on the problem. The proposed system is designed based on the encoder-decoder architecture. In the encoder, a new pre-trained Bert model named JavaBert is used. Then, the model was fine tuned. The decoder is a transformer with an autoregressive structure. ManySStuBs4J [1] dataset is used for evaluation purposes. The results of the evaluations show that the proposed system has higher accuracy and BLEU criteria than CodeBert and the baseline model. Baseline is a simple model that acts as a reference in machine learning studies and CodeBert is one of the most similar models to the proposed model. The bilingual evaluation understudy score (BLEU) improvement is between 0.04 and 0.16%, the accuracy improvement is between 0.64 and 5.81%, the recall improvement is between 1.08 and 9.2%, and the F-score improvement is between 3.27 and 6.18%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debugging is an intellectually rich and a challenging process when learning a programming language. This process is important for increasing the quality of the program and making it functional. Debugging, by its nature, is thought to be a practice with a state of focus and concentration. This study explored whether the debugging performance could be predicted by attention networks of students studying at the IT department of vocational high schools. 108 vocational high school IT department students participated in the research. First, students' attention levels were determined by utilizing the Attention Network Test. Second, a Debugging Performance Test was administered to determine their debugging performance. The analysis result indicated that the general attention network statistically predicted the debugging performance but the effect size was found to be small. Furthermore, the singular and dual interactions of the alerting attention network, the orienting attention network, and the executive attention network did not predict debugging performances. Yet, the interactions of the three attention networks on predicting the debugging performances were found to be statistically significant. These findings were discussed together with the existing studies in the literature and suggestions to obtain more in-depth information regarding these results were provoked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sesame is an oil seed crop and is cultivated in many areas of the world, in Iraq, it is being grown especially in the Kurdistan region, including Erbil province. Campylomma verbasci is a piercing and sucking insect found on sesame plants in Erbil city during the summer season cultivation– in 2022. An investigation was carried out in the Grdarasha location within the sesame crop field to collect the above mentioned insect by using an aerial net and aspirator aimed to describe some morphological characters and identify the insect based on molecular techniques to determine genus and species. A set of specified primers were utilized to amplify the mitochondrial gene (COI) barcoding sequence. PCR products successfully resulted in 435bp of target DNA, and the sequence was sent to be sequenced, then the BLAST was performed in NCBI. The homogeneity of the query and subject sequence was very high. The BLAST showed that the sample was C. verbasci and it was the first time (in Iraq) to register these insect sequences in NCBI data reference.

Copyright of Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The academic discourse on the uncanny in video games usually focuses on the phenomenon of the so-called “uncanny valley” (Mori 2012). The article explores the emergence of other, medium-specific occurrences of the effect, prioritizing interactivity as a key factor in its establishment. Two unique areas are particularly prominent in the increasingly photorealistic worlds of video games where uncanny moments associated with the wider, Freudian concept can be found. These are linked to necessary (structuring) and contingent (destructuring) components of the game: namely its heterogeneous ontology and the glitches that may appear in it. The author hypothesizes that these less conceptualized uncanny situations are regular features of the gaming experience and emerge when the immersion in an iconically realistic environment has been broken and eerie absences or ghostly presences pop up either through encounters with the game’s boundaries that result from the technological limitations of the software or the appearance of unintended errors in its processes.

The article is devoted to an overview of entomological imagery (spiders, ants, cockroaches, flies, etc.) in Dostoevsky’s literary and journalistic texts. The author focuses on the difference between the autological and metalogical (comparison, metaphor, symbol) use of images of insects and traces their frequency and artistic specifics in different periods of the writer’s work. The sharp increase in the number of entomological images since 1860s is related to the formation of a new artistic anthropology in Dostoevsky based on his convict experience. Special attention is paid in the article to the entomological image of bugs, which has not attracted large attention from the researchers of the writer’s artistic world.

This article explores the properties of glitch within practices of in-game photography. It argues that capturing the breaking of game textures and graphics reveals the process of creation of photorealism and the remediation of traditional photography within digital and playable spaces. On the other hand, it proposes that screenshotting game glitches acts as an involuntary bug report and part of an economy of ever-optimizing networked images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the last decade, a growing number of artists, media activists and theorists have been engaged with the potential of the glitch – with processes and aesthetics that arise from visual errors in digital technologies. But glitches also offer clues to understanding normative knowledge and power systems, and to challenge these. This is relevant in critical approaches to photography and its historical role in forming, controlling and colonizing systems as well as conventional understandings of the medium as a transparent window onto the world/reality. In this introduction we outline our approach to the glitch in the artistic and curatorial research project 'Photography and the Glitch', to which the contributors to this issue have contributed in various ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issue reports are valuable resources for the continuous maintenance and improvement of software. Managing issue reports requires a significant effort from developers. To address this problem, many researchers have proposed automated techniques for classifying issue reports. However, those techniques fall short of yielding reasonable classification accuracy. We notice that those techniques rely on text-based unimodal models. In this paper, we propose a novel multimodal model-based classification technique to use heterogeneous information in issue reports for issue classification. The proposed technique combines information from text, images, and code of issue reports. To evaluate the proposed technique, we conduct experiments with four different projects. The experiments compare the performance of the proposed technique with text-based unimodal models. Our experimental results show that the proposed technique achieves a 5.07% to 14.12% higher F1-score than the text-based unimodal models. Our findings demonstrate that utilizing heterogeneous data of issue reports helps improve the performance of issue classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF) is the property of Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty (GUJGEF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Static Code Analysis (SA) is the process of finding vulnerabilities in software. This process has become popular and one of the most evaluated phases in the process of continuous integration of software. However, the literature is spread over different proposals and there is a lack of research that shows the main contributions and applications to this topic. The purpose of this paper is to identify the main conceptual contributions of SA using the Tree of Science algorithm. The results show three main branches of this area: machine learning for smell detection, actionable ranking techniques, and Technical alert tools. Artificial Intelligence has been transforming SA and programmers will have access to more sophisticated tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cluster storage system error messages can help to optimize the availability and reliability of storage system.Previous research of storage system error analysis focuses on the local file system or a part of the cluster storage system.There is a lack of research on storage system error messages for a long-time and multi-dimension in practical applications.With the continuous integration of new functional modules,the cluster storage system is becoming more and more complex,and the errors caused by cluster storage system emerge endlessly,which brings troubles and challenges to the researcher and developer.To address the pro-blems,we conduct a comprehensive study of the Lustre system error log.By collecting the error log in 1 673 consecutive days,we study nearly 2.26 GB of Lustre error logs,analyze the characteristics and problems of the Lustre system errors in multiple Lustre versions.We show that correlated errors between different subsystems and study the possible impacting factors on different Lustre versions.We also summarize the common errors in the Lustre system and show the corresponding solutions.We derive nume-rous new insights into the Lustre system development process and report 14 findings.Finally,we collect new error logs for 333 consecutive days to verify the 14 findings and give some cases about error optimization.Experimental results show that the error optimization cases can significantly reduce the number of errors and improve the availability and stability of the system.Our results and suggestions should be useful for both the development of the cluster storage system themselves as well as the Lustre operation and maintenance.

Simple Summary: In this paper, we used scanning electron microscopy to describe the morphological types, number of sensilla, and their distributions on the antennae of each nymphal instar and adult of Notobitus meleagris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae). The results show that there were eight subtypes of sensilla on the antennae of the nymphs and 11 subtypes of sensilla on the antennae of the adults. With the growth of instars, the type, quantity, and size of the sensilla gradually increased. Sexual dimorphism did not appear in the type of sensilla but existed in the length and diameter of some sensilla. In addition, we also discussed the functions of different types of sensilla through previous published studies, which will be helpful for further research on the behavioral and biological control of N. meleagris. The bamboo bug Notobitus meleagris (Fabricius, 1787) is a serious pest of bamboo shoots in China, India, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Singapore. The antennae of the nymphal instars and adults of N.meleagris are involved in communication among individuals and finding the host plants. In order to understand the morphology of antennal sensilla, their types, and the distribution of sensilla on the antennae of nymphal instars and adults in N. meleagris, we studied the morphology of antennal sensilla with a scanning electron microscope. The antennae of the nymphs and adults comprised the scape, pedicel, and two flagellomeres. Four types and eight subtypes of sensilla were identified in the nymphal instars (sensilla trichodea [St].1, St.2, St.3, sensilla basiconica [Sb].1, Sb.2, sensilla chaetica [Sc].1, Sc.2, sensilla coeloconica [Sco].1), whereas those of the adults had five types and eleven subtypes of sensilla (St.1, St.2, St.3, Sb.1, Sb.2, Sb.3, Sc.1, Sc.2, Sco.1, Sco.2, and sensilla campaniformia [Sca]). There are significant differences in the number, type, and size of the sensilla in different nymphal instars, which increases with the increase in nymphal instars. There was no sexual dimorphism observed in the adult sensilla; however, the length and diameter of St.3, Sb.2, and Sb.3 were sexually dimorphic. The potential functions of each sensillum were discussed based on the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla and were compared with similar published studies. Our results provide primary data for further research on the behavioral mechanism, green prevention, and control of N. meleagris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Illustrated redescription of a colourful bug Urolabida histrionica (Westwood 1837), along with comments on bionomics, is presented for the first time from an Indian population. The host plant for this bug was identified as Ficus hispida L. f. (Moraceae). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines recent controversies sparked by the critical reception of work by Global Majority theatre artists in Canada and the USA, including Yolanda Bonnell, Yvette Nolan, and Antoinette Nwandu. It argues that, when faced with works that fall outside of their presumed expertise and experience, critics commonly resort to a strategy of critical disengagement, which displaces the focus from the work and refuses to evaluate it on its own terms. Through an analysis of case studies, we elucidate the concept of critical disengagement and its three distinct categories, 'othering,' 'imposing', and 'self-staging'. These acts are representative of larger patterns in dominant theatre criticism practices, which are descended from neoclassical and Enlightenment formulations of criticism, and centre around the ideals of fair judgement and critical objectivity. When applied to the work of Global Majority theatre artists by a largely white critical establishment, they enact, consolidate, and reproduce what Gayatri Spivak calls epistemic violence. During this pivotal moment, as theatre communities in the Global North respond to calls for racial justice and decolonization, this article sheds light on the often overlooked role of criticism in sustaining white supremacy within theatre production and reception, and stresses the urgent need to re-imagine critical practices. Signy Lynch is a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Toronto Mississauga and recipient of the Governor General's Gold Medal (York University, 2022). She has published articles on theatre criticism and intercultural theatre in Contemporary Theatre Review , Canadian Theatre Review , and Theatre Research in Canada. Michelle MacArthur is associate professor at the University of Windsor's School of Dramatic Art. She has published articles in Contemporary Theatre Review , Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism, Theatre Research in Canada , Canadian Theatre Review , and several edited volumes. She is the editor of Voices of a Generation: Three Millennial Plays (Playwrights Canada Press, 2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IUG Journal of Sharia & Law Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a particular case study of the formal verification of state-of-the-art, real software, we discuss the specification and verification of a corrected version of the implementation of a linked list as provided by the Java Collection Framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The family Cimicidae includes obligate hematophagous ectoparasites (bed bugs and their relatives) with high veterinary/medical importance. The evolutionary relationships of Cimicidae and their hosts have recently been reported in a phylogenetic context, but in the relevant study, one of the six subfamilies, the bat-specific Latrocimicinae, was not represented. In this study the only known species of Latrocimicinae, i.e., Latrocimex spectans, was analyzed with molecular and phylogenetic methods based on four (two nuclear and two mitochondrial) genetic markers. The completed subfamily-level phylogeny of Cimicidae showed that Latrocimicinae is most closely related to Haematosiphoninae (ectoparasites of birds and humans), with which it shares systematically important morphologic characters, but not hosts. Moreover, in the phylogenetic analyses, cimicid bugs that are known to infest phylogenetically distant bat hosts clustered together (e.g., Leptocimex and Stricticimex within Cacodminae), while cimicid subfamilies (Latrocimicinae, Primicimicinae) that are known to infest bat hosts from closely related superfamilies clustered distantly. In conclusion, adding Latrocimicinae significantly contributed to the resolution of the phylogeny of Cimicidae. The close phylogenetic relationship between Latrocimicinae and Haematosiphoninae is consistent with long-known morphologic data. At the same time, phylogenetic relationships of genera within subfamilies are inconsistent with the phylogeny of relevant hosts. Graphical abstract

Issue reports are valuable resources for the continuous maintenance and improvement of software. Managing issue reports requires a significant effort from developers. To address this problem, many researchers have proposed automated techniques for classifying issue reports. However, those techniques fall short of yielding reasonable classification accuracy. We notice that those techniques rely on text-based unimodal models. In this paper, we propose a novel multimodal model-based classification technique to use heterogeneous information in issue reports for issue classification. The proposed technique combines information from text, images, and code of issue reports. To evaluate the proposed technique, we conduct experiments with four different projects. The experiments compare the performance of the proposed technique with text-based unimodal models. Our experimental results show that the proposed technique achieves a 5.07% to 14.12% higher F1-score than the text-based unimodal models. Our findings demonstrate that utilizing heterogeneous data of issue reports helps improve the performance of issue classification.

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a scripting language that has been widely used in web development. This paper conducts an empirical study on bugs in PHP. By analyzing 35,921 bug reports, 6524 revisions, and root causes of randomly selected 500 bugs, we find that: (1) Among all the 385 versions involved in these bugs, there are the most bugs in PHP 4.0.4, PHP 4.0.6, and PHP 4.0.3; Documentation bugs are mainly distributed in PHP 4.y.z and PHP 5.y.z; Security bugs are distributed primarily in the relatively later normal versions of PHP 5.y.z. (2) Documentation, Compile, and Scripting Engine packages are greatly affected by bugs; 73.71% of documentation bugs affect documentation; PHAR, EXIF, and GD are more affected by security bugs. (3) It may be not difficult to repair most bugs since the number of modified lines of code and files are limited; However, nearly 11% of bugs need more than one year to repair; Compared with documentation bugs, security bugs are more difficult to be repaired; The duration of bugs in PHP 8.y.z is shorter than in other versions. (4) Semantic bugs and documentation bugs are the more common root causes of bugs than others. Besides, among semantic bugs, the "Missing Features" bugs and "Processing" bugs are more than others. These results could indicate some potential problems during the detecting and repairing of PHP's bugs. These findings reveal some laws of bugs in PHP. It could assist developers of PHP in improving their development quality, assist maintainers of PHP in detecting and repairing bugs more effectively, and suggest users of PHP evade potential risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bamboo bug Notobitus meleagris (Fabricius, 1787) is a serious pest of bamboo shoots in China, India, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Singapore. The antennae of the nymphal instars and adults of N.meleagris are involved in communication among individuals and finding the host plants. In order to understand the morphology of antennal sensilla, their types, and the distribution of sensilla on the antennae of nymphal instars and adults in N. meleagris, we studied the morphology of antennal sensilla with a scanning electron microscope. The antennae of the nymphs and adults comprised the scape, pedicel, and two flagellomeres. Four types and eight subtypes of sensilla were identified in the nymphal instars (sensilla trichodea [St].1, St.2, St.3, sensilla basiconica [Sb].1, Sb.2, sensilla chaetica [Sc].1, Sc.2, sensilla coeloconica [Sco].1), whereas those of the adults had five types and eleven subtypes of sensilla (St.1, St.2, St.3, Sb.1, Sb.2, Sb.3, Sc.1, Sc.2, Sco.1, Sco.2, and sensilla campaniformia [Sca]). There are significant differences in the number, type, and size of the sensilla in different nymphal instars, which increases with the increase in nymphal instars. There was no sexual dimorphism observed in the adult sensilla; however, the length and diameter of St.3, Sb.2, and Sb.3 were sexually dimorphic. The potential functions of each sensillum were discussed based on the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla and were compared with similar published studies. Our results provide primary data for further research on the behavioral mechanism, green prevention, and control of N. meleagris.

Using the conceptual analysis of instruction sequence faults, failures, and defects as developed by the author in [10] and [12], a survey of testing is developed as an extension of a theory of instruction sequences. An attempt is made to develop a consistent terminology regarding instruction sequence testing while taking into account the literature on software testing at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National identity is linked to food. Exemplifying that, many people associate Turkey with pide, Italy with focaccia and, of course, France with the baguette. But what about Aotearoa New Zealand, what breads signifies a New Zealand/Kiwi identity? This paper explores a contender for that role, a bread commonly associated with Māori, Aotearoa New Zealand's tangata whenua: parāoa rēwena. This research asked eight expert chef/bakers about their views and experiences of parāoa rēwena. Four of the participants self-identified as Māori, and four as Pākehā. Working within a qualitative paradigm and using thematic analysis, this research revealed bifurcated views about parāoa rēwena that clearly differentiated the opinions and experiences of our participants. Within these differences, our findings revealed that the self-identifying Pākehā participants tended to hold imperial views reflecting colonial dominance, whereas the self-identifying Māori participants expressed a more holistic approach to and mindset about parāoa rēwena. Consequently, this paper proposes that parāoa rēwena becoming the national bread of Aotearoa New Zealand is more likely to occur as an initiative promoted by Māori and not Pākehā. In this way, within an exploration of parāoa rēwena, this paper reflects the politics of palatability in Aotearoa New Zealand as a metaphor of the relationship between Māori and Pākehā. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality of the developed software depends on its bug free operation. Although bugs can be introduced in any phase of the software development life-cycle but their identification in earlier phase can lead to reduce the allocation cost of testing and maintenance resources. Software defect prediction studies advocates the use of defect prediction models for identification of bugs prior to the release of the software. Use of bug prediction models can help to reduce the cost and efforts required to develop software. Defect prediction models use the historical data obtained from software projects for training the models and test the model on future release of the software. In the present work, software change metrics have been used for defect prediction. Performances of good machine learning and hybrid algorithms are accessed in prediction of defect with the change metrics. Android project has been used for experimental purpose. Git repository has been used to extract the v4–v5, v2–v5 of android for defect prediction. Obtained results showed that GFS-logitboost-c has best defect prediction capability.

In the current decade, software systems have been more intensively employed in every aspect of our lives. However, it is disappointing that the quality of software is far from satisfactory. More importantly, the complexity and size of today's software systems are increasing dramatically, which means that the number of required modifications is also increasing exponentially. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how function-level modifications impact the distribution of software bugs. In addition, other factors such as a function's structural characteristics as well as attributes of functions themselves may also serve as informative indicators for software fault prediction. In this paper, we perform statistical methods and logistic regression to analyze the possible factors that are related to the distribution of software bugs. We demonstrate our study from the following five perspectives: 1) the distribution of bugs in time and space; 2) the distribution of function-level modifications in time and space; 3) the relationship between function-level modifications and functions' fault-proneness; 4) the relationship between functional attributes and functions' fault-proneness; and 5) the relationship between software structural characteristics and functions' fault-proneness.

The family Cimicidae includes obligate hematophagous ectoparasites (bed bugs and their relatives) with high veterinary/medical importance. The evolutionary relationships of Cimicidae and their hosts have recently been reported in a phylogenetic context, but in the relevant study, one of the six subfamilies, the bat-specific Latrocimicinae, was not represented. In this study the only known species of Latrocimicinae, i.e., Latrocimex spectans, was analyzed with molecular and phylogenetic methods based on four (two nuclear and two mitochondrial) genetic markers. The completed subfamily-level phylogeny of Cimicidae showed that Latrocimicinae is most closely related to Haematosiphoninae (ectoparasites of birds and humans), with which it shares systematically important morphologic characters, but not hosts. Moreover, in the phylogenetic analyses, cimicid bugs that are known to infest phylogenetically distant bat hosts clustered together (e.g., Leptocimex and Stricticimex within Cacodminae), while cimicid subfamilies (Latrocimicinae, Primicimicinae) that are known to infest bat hosts from closely related superfamilies clustered distantly. In conclusion, adding Latrocimicinae significantly contributed to the resolution of the phylogeny of Cimicidae. The close phylogenetic relationship between Latrocimicinae and Haematosiphoninae is consistent with long-known morphologic data. At the same time, phylogenetic relationships of genera within subfamilies are inconsistent with the phylogeny of relevant hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Turkbilig/Turkoloji Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Winter conditions of low air temperature cause development of ice phenomena at rivers and reservoirs, creating often problems in their exploitation. There is a need to continuously monitor the spatial extension of ice phenomena and their different forms. Local water authority (RZGW Warszawa) prepares for rivers under their administration a daily reports on ice conditions in winter. Ice reports are prepared from visual inspection of the RZGW personnel visiting selected sections of the river course. This is specially problematic in holidays and weekends when usually data from observations are missing. In this study it is tested application of microwave remote sensing data from Sentinel-1 platform to observe the development and recession of the ice cover at the Dębe reservoir in winter 2017. Satellite Sentinel-1 radar images are distributed by the European Space Agency (ESA) on the open access policy. These are two satellites A and B which every 2 days collect images in SAR active remote sensing technique. Dębe reservoir was created in 1963 by closing by the barrage Narew river below its confluence with Bug river. Maximum water head is 7.1 m, and average 6.8 m. Area of the reservoir is 30.3 km2 average discharge of Bug river at Wyszków gauge is 162 m3 • s–1, and Narew river at Zambski Kościelne gauge 139 m3 • s–1. Retention time of water in the reservoir is 3–4 days. Comparison of the average water temperature at gauge Zambski Kościelne and Wyszków from the winter half-year of the period 1963–1981 shows the increase of water temperature by 0.5–1 C after the year 1972 when Ostrołęka power station was put in to operation. This difference in the temperature between Narew and Bug rivers is reflected by the ice conditions at the end of winter season. Sentinel-1 SAR instrument emits electromagnetic wavelength of 6 cm (C band), and are use two polarizations VH and VV. Using SNAP program geometric correction and color composite was created for selected images at the beginning and end of ice cover at Dębe reservoir on Narew river, covering period January 5-March 6, 2017. It has been found that interpretation of the Sentinel-1 images is most problematic if we want to detect boundary between open calm water and new fast ice. The flow of pancake ice on January 5, 2017 had been recorded and the pattern of ice distribution compared to flow lines calculated by the hydrodynamic CCHE2D model. Result of the hydrodynamic modeling shows circulation pattern in the widest part of the reservoir where are also the most favorable conditions for lake type of ice cover formation. End of ice cover is represented by the image of February 26, 2017 which shows the Narew river free from ice due to higher temperature of the water. Relatively simple visual interpretation of the Sentinel-1 VH and VV images can by used in the study of ice phenomena on major rivers and lakes.

Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) is a generalist predator that naturally colonizes and commercially is used as a biological control agent of various arthropod pests of agricultural crops. Since pesticides compatibility with natural enemies is a main concern for IPM programs, the aim of the current study was to assess the lethal and sublethal side effects of two acaricides, propargite and fenpyroximate widely used to control phytophagous mites. In bioassay experiments, M. pygmaeus adult individuals were fed on the two-spotted spider mite eggs immersed in the different concentrations of both chemicals during 24 hours. Probit analysis represented that LC50 values of propargite and fenpyroximate were 3.41 and 5.74 mg (ai) L-1, respectively. Demographic analysis performed with LC30 of each acaricides using the age-stage, two-sex life table procedure. Results showed that both chemicals had significant effects on the developmental time of all stages, the total pre-oviposition period (TPOP), the adult pre-oviposition period (APOP) and females' fecundity. Also, all main population statistics were affected by the sublethal concentrations. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.15 day-1 in the control. However, this parameter in propargite and fenpyroximate treatments declined to 0.057 and 0.083 day-1, respectively. The net reproductive rate (R0) in control, propargite and fenpyroximate treated insects was 99.96, 21.16, and 71.5 offspring/individual, respectively. Mean generation time (T) in control showed 30.08 days, whilst it was 53.17, and 51.02 days in propargite and fenpyroximate sublethal treated insects, respectively. Consequently, the results achieved in this study showed that both acaricides have potential to affect the predator, adversely. Thus, they are not suitable for IPM programs in agricultural systems where this mirid bug exists as a capable biocontrol agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. In Mexico, the biology of Procambarus has been more studied than other cambarid species due to its diversity and potential use in aquaculture. Fecundity, egg development, and growth under laboratory conditions have been evaluated of the Procambarus (Austrocambarus) llamasi. The effect of density and sex ratio on the development and spawning of gonads and growth of juveniles fed different commercial agricultural and aquaculture feeds has also been studied. There are no records of epibionts infesting this crayfish. The primary objective of this study is to determine the infestation and epibiont identification rates of the Corixidae family and the damage caused to the crayfish. Methodology. To determine infestation indexes were calculated: the mean intensity (IM) is the average parasite species in infected organisms (MI = n. Total parasites / n. Infected hosts); abundance (AB) is the average number of parasites per host examined (AB = total number of parasites / n. hosts examined), and prevalence (P) indicates the percentage of organisms parasitized by a species of parasites (P = n .infested hosts / n. hosts examined x 100). Results. Of the shrimp analyzed, 76 were infested with 2655 aquatic insect eggs corresponding to 34.93 intensity; 18.18 abundance, and 52.05% prevalence. As far as crayfish sex, infestation occurred in 39% (n=30) of females and 61% (n=46) of males. The aquatic insect in this study belongs to the genus Sigara sp., being the only species registered in the crayfish. Implications. When the parasite egg settles near the crab eye region, it is likely to cause visual problems or partial blindness; on the other hand, it could cause a deterioration in the health of the populations of these crabs. Conclusion. The eggs located on the cuticular surface of the cephalothorax of Procambarus (Austrocambarus) llamasi correspond to insect the genus Sigara sp. Half of the studied population of the crayfish is infested by this epibiont. According to the results obtained it was determined that the eggs on the shrimp’s cuticular surface cause cuticle damage due to cementation on its shell. Eggs can also cause esthetic damage affecting marketing for human consumption and make shrimp overweight due to the egg mass.

This data article presents on the ectoparasites infestation on small mammals in Peninsular Malaysia. The dataset on ectoparasites infestation is important because it raises a major medical concern regarding the spread of potentially zoonotic disease from wildlife to human. Tick and chigger are the primary ectoparasites as reservoirs of vector-borne diseases found on small mammals in Malaysia. These small mammals that are infested with ectoparasites occupy various types of habitats, including human settlements, could be of community health risks as the carriers of potentially zoonotic diseases. Field samplings were conducted from February 2015 to February 2016 in three different ecological habitats of mixed dipterocarp forest, coastal forest and insular forest, in Terengganu, Malaysia. A total of 35 and 22 species of bats and rodents respectively were captured and examined for ectoparasites. Twenty-three species of bats and 16 species of small mammal were recorded as hosts for at least one species of ectoparasites. These findings show that the highest ectoparasite infestation occurred on bat community.