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The large‐scale fabrication of long‐lived and sustainable room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials with color‐tunable afterglow is of considerable practical importance in diverse optoelectronic applications but remains challenging. Herein, based on a process for the mass production of cellulose acetoacetate filaments, large‐scale RTP filaments are synthesized by introducing amino‐bearing luminophores via a mild enamine reaction. Attributed to efficient intersystem crossing facilitated by acetoacetyl and benzoyloxy groups alongside a rigid environment provided by multiple hydrogen bonding, the resulting filaments exhibit impressive RTP with a lifetime of 772 ms and a phosphorescence quantum yield of 45.06%. Furthermore, the afterglow color of RTP filaments is rationally modulated from blue to greenish‐yellow to rosy‐red through triplet‐to‐singlet Förster resonance energy transfer. Meanwhile, the formation of diverse clusters with comparable but different lifetimes leads to interesting excitation‐dependent afterglows. This work not only provides an effective strategy to construct long‐lived, color‐tunable, sustainable afterglows but also establishes large‐scale and continuous preparation routes for functional cellulose filaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review emphasizes the practical importance of laser light scattering methods for characterizing cellulose and its derivatives. The physicochemical parameters like molecular weights, the radius of gyration, hydrodynamic radius, and conformation will be considered when the reproducibility of polymer behavior in solution is necessary for the subsequent optimization of the property profile of a designed product. Since there are various sources of cellulose, and the methods of cellulose extraction and chemical modification have variable yields, materials with variable molecular weights, and size polydispersity will often result. Later, the molecular masses will influence other physicochemical properties of cellulosic materials, both in solution and solid state. Consequently, the most rigorous determination of these quantities is imperative. In this regard, the following are presented and discussed in this review: the theoretical foundations of the light scattering phenomenon, the evolution of the specific instrumentation and detectors, the development of the detector-coupling techniques which include a light scattering detector, and finally, the importance of the specific parameters of polymers in solution, resulting from the data analysis of light scattering signals. All these aspects are summarized according to the chemical classification of the materials: celluloses, esters of cellulose, co-esters of cellulose, alkyl esters of cellulose, ethers of cellulose, and other heterogeneous cellulose derivatives with applications in life sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of cellulose-based materials is rapidly increasing due to their promising interest and being widely used in various applications such as food, industrial, pharmaceutical, paper, textile production, and wastewater treatment. Cellulose has several advantages including low cost, renewability, superior mechanical properties, and biodegradability. Nowadays, a novel cellulose-based material, which is known as all-cellulose composites (ACCs), has emerged, consisting of cellulose for both reinforcing and matrix phases. However, the hydrophilic characteristics of cellulose can lead to poor interfacial adhesion between reinforcing and matrix phases, affecting its mechanical properties, water absorption, water contact angle, and microstructural changes. Therefore, this review summarized the effect of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) on the structural-properties relationship of cellulose-based materials. In this review, it was observed that the mechanical properties for cellulose-based materials varied with the use of AKD concentration in the range of 4–16 wt.%. A decrease in the water absorption was also identified in the range of 10–85%. The water contact angles were observed beyond 100° after AKD treatment. In addition, the possible reactions between AKD and cellulose structures are also discussed. It is envisaged that this review will help the development of potential hydrophobic ACCs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene-cellulose hydrogels have been extensively studied in the field of functional hydrogels. This editorial presents an overview of graphene-based and cellulose-derived materials, highlighting the unique characteristics of these two materials and the synergistic advantages achieved by combining them to construct graphene-cellulose composite hydrogels. The aim is to provide novel insights for developing functional cellulose-based hydrogels enabled by carbon nanomaterials.

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Environmental pollution is one of the serious problems. One of the biggest contributors to environmental pollution comes from factory waste. Factory waste generally contains harmful chemicals and microorganisms. Neurotoxic dyes are chemicals that can be contained in factory waste. Waste containing neurotoxic dyes in the form of Rhodamine B is very dangerous for living things because it causes infections in the eyes, skin, digestive tract, and respiratory tract. However, there is a Fe3O4 composite with cellulose that successfully regulates the decolorization process of Rhodamine B and it was found that almost 100% removal of Rhodamine B. Further exploration is needed regarding the degradation mechanism of Rhodamine B using cellulose-based materials. Therefore, bibliometric analysis is needed to present the relationship between Rhodamine B degradation and cellulose with data collection from 2008 to 2023. The database obtained from Scopus shows that there are a total of 124 documents. From the data obtained, the country with the highest number of publications is China with a total of 77 documents. Co-authorship mapping and network co-occurrence, keywords were analyzed using VOSviewer software. The results showed that the keyword “cellulose” ranked highest with 89 documents followed by the keywords “degradation” and “Rhodamine B”. The VOSviewers app illustrates the overall degradation of Rhodamine B using cellulose-based materials, it can help direct similar and relevant studies and predict future directions.

This review emphasizes the practical importance of laser light scattering methods for characterizing cellulose and its derivatives. The physicochemical parameters like molecular weights, the radius of gyration, hydrodynamic radius, and conformation will be considered when the reproducibility of polymer behavior in solution is necessary for the subsequent optimization of the property profile of a designed product. Since there are various sources of cellulose, and the methods of cellulose extraction and chemical modification have variable yields, materials with variable molecular weights, and size polydispersity will often result. Later, the molecular masses will influence other physicochemical properties of cellulosic materials, both in solution and solid state. Consequently, the most rigorous determination of these quantities is imperative. In this regard, the following are presented and discussed in this review: the theoretical foundations of the light scattering phenomenon, the evolution of the specific instrumentation and detectors, the development of the detector-coupling techniques which include a light scattering detector, and finally, the importance of the specific parameters of polymers in solution, resulting from the data analysis of light scattering signals. All these aspects are summarized according to the chemical classification of the materials: celluloses, esters of cellulose, co-esters of cellulose, alkyl esters of cellulose, ethers of cellulose, and other heterogeneous cellulose derivatives with applications in life sciences.

Cellulose-based materials find extensive applications in sound absorption due to their high porosity, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness. However, these materials also suffer from some limitations such as hydrophilicity and low thermal stability that restrict their applicability and lifespan. Herein, we report a cellulose/basalt fiber (CBF) broadband sound absorption composite paper with excellent thermal insulation and hydrophobic properties fabricated by wet forming and silane vapor treatment. Benefiting from the introduction of eco-friendly basalt fibers, the composite paper has an adjusted pore structure and thermal conduction pathway, leading to enhanced sound absorption and thermal insulation performance. Particularly, the composite paper with 50 wt% basalt fiber shows remarkable sound absorption coefficient (0.71 on average) and ultralow thermal conductivity (0.034 W/m·K). As a novel application of eco-friendly materials for sound absorption, the CBF composite paper is an ideal candidate for indoor architectural decoration. • A green composite has been fabricated using cellulosic fiber and basalt fiber. • The composite is a promising lightweight, sound and thermal insulators. • The composite also exhibits excellent hydrophobic and self-cleaning properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additive manufacturing technology has been developed in the manufacturing industry; however, limited choice of materials and low printing speeds in large-scale production make 3D printing challenging in the industry. Wood and cellulose-based materials have recently drawn a lot of attention for use as 3D printing materials due to their unique properties such as environmental friendliness, cost-effectiveness and abundancy. However, because these compounds are derived from various natural sources, their different particle sizes can result in low 3D printing quality. The objective of this study is to resolve the mentioned deficiencies in the packaging industry by designing a novel 3D printer nozzle based on the material extrusion method (FDM technique), which provides higher printing speed and enhanced quality for wood and cellulose-based materials. The packaging industry can significantly benefit from 3D printing technology for cellulose-based materials by producing high-quality recyclable economical packaging on a large scale according to the clients’ demand. The proposed nozzle design enables selecting different geometrical cross-sections of the nozzle dies and any number of extrusion points along the nozzle die simultaneously during the 3D printing process. These capabilities lead to advanced performance and improved speed of 3D printing in large scale manufacturing. The proposed nozzle design provides a novel technique for 3D printing of plant-derived compounds with remarkable advantages such as providing selective variable extrusion and multiple nozzle dies. Compared to other existing 3D printing techniques, the proposed nozzle abilities make it a promising option with higher speed and better functionality for the packaging industry.

Cellulose-based materials, such as cellulose microspheres, have attracted enormous attention because of their widespread applications in water and protein purifications, chromatographic stationary phase, biocatalyst, drug delivery, electrode materials, etc. Here, homogenous and spherical porous regenerated cellulose microstructures (RCMSs) obtained from the agglomeration of micro/nanospheres were fabricated via a simple emulsion–coagulation–oven-drying process in pulp cellulose–tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH)/urea/H2O solution, and the formation mechanism of the RCMSs was investigated by controlling the synthesis time. The results revealed that the uniform micro/nanospheres with a narrow size distribution of 600 nm–6 μm were first synthesized, followed by the formation of the RCMSs via the continuous agglomeration of the micro/nanospheres with the increasing synthesis time. Additionally, the RCMSs exhibiting micro/nanoscale pores with an adjustable mean diameter (r) of 280–103 μm were readily prepared by controlling the stirring speed between 300 and 1200 rpm. The re-wetted RCMSs exhibited a swelling ratio (SR) of 690–1400%, indicating their excellent swelling performance. Furthermore, the RCMSs with the structure of cellulose II exhibited good physical properties, including high porosity (Pr, 90–93%), pore volume (Vp, 7.0–10.3 cm3/g), specific surface area (S, 40–70 m2/g), and chemical/thermal stabilities. These findings can contribute to the design and exploitation of highly functional cellulose-based materials exhibiting micro/nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the tissue industry has been exposed to several challenges related to the growing demand for high-quality materials and sustainability. An approach that combined experimental and computational planning was implemented and presented in this work. For this purpose, a simulator that established relationships between the key fibre properties, the process steps that modify them, and the functional properties, named the SimTissue, was developed and validated. Different scenarios and a summary of the SimTissue research strategy are presented. The experimental planning design consisted of examining the influence of refining, enzymatic treatment, and incorporation of additives such as micro / nanofibrillated cellulose and biopolymers. The correlations between these tissue process inputs, and the softness, strength and absorption properties were established using the SimTissue. Overall, the SimTissue predicted and optimized several case studies for the management and optimization of sustainability formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is a powerful and attractive characterization method for obtaining insights into the chemical structure and dynamics of a wide range of materials. Current interest in cellulose-based materials, as sustainable and renewable natural polymer products, requires deep investigation and analysis of the chemical structure, molecular packing, end chain motion, functional modification, and solvent–matrix interactions, which strongly dictate the final product properties and tailor their end applications. In comparison to other spectroscopic techniques, on an atomic level, ssNMR is considered more advanced, especially in the structural analysis of cellulose-based materials; however, due to a dearth in the availability of a broad range of pulse sequences, and time consuming experiments, its capabilities are underestimated. This critical review article presents the comprehensive and up-to-date work done using ssNMR, including the most advanced NMR strategies used to overcome and resolve the structural difficulties present in different types of cellulose-based materials.

A facile and eco-friendly mechanochemical treatment of cellulose-based materials, followed by carbonization and mild activation, was employed to obtain highly porous carbons. Potassium citrate (C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7) was used as a mild chemical activator and an endotemplate. To prevent any potential alteration of the pore characteristics of the resulting carbons, a simple washing with DI water was performed. As a result, the chemically activated carbon with a large volume of ultramicropores (0.37 cm3/g) showed a high CO 2 adsorption capacity of 4.2 mmol/g at 25 °C and a pressure of 1 bar. This paper presents a mechanochemical processing of cellulose-based materials, which can be utilized for advancing the preparation of carbon materials with high surface areas and enhanced porosity. [Display omitted] • Cellulose as a carbon precursor in mechanochemical process. • Mechanochemical synthesis of cellulose-derived microporous carbons. • High CO 2 uptake (4.2 mmol/g) of cellulose-derived carbons at 25 °C and 1 bar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest in advanced photocatalytic technologies with metal oxide-based nanomaterials has been growing exponentially over the years due to their green and sustainable characteristics. Photocatalysis has been employed in several applications ranging from the degradation of pollutants to water splitting, CO2 and N2 reductions, and microorganism inactivation. However, to maintain its eco-friendly aspect, new solutions must be identified to ensure sustainability. One alternative is creating an enhanced photocatalytic paper by introducing cellulose-based materials to the process. Paper can participate as a substrate for the metal oxides, but it can also form composites or membranes, and it adds a valuable contribution as it is environmentally friendly, low-cost, flexible, recyclable, lightweight, and earth abundant. In term of photocatalysts, the use of metal oxides is widely spread, mostly since these materials display enhanced photocatalytic activities, allied to their chemical stability, non-toxicity, and earth abundance, despite being inexpensive and compatible with low-cost wet-chemical synthesis routes. This manuscript extensively reviews the recent developments of using photocatalytic papers with nanostructured metal oxides for environmental remediation. It focuses on titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in the form of nanostructures or thin films. It discusses the main characteristics of metal oxides and correlates them to their photocatalytic activity. The role of cellulose-based materials on the systems’ photocatalytic performance is extensively discussed, and the future perspective for photocatalytic papers is highlighted.

Abstract This work aimed to study Microcin J25(G12Y) (MccJ25(G12Y)) sorption to fibrous and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) films for setting up anti-E. coli materials. The Freundlich model showed the best fit for both films, suggesting a physisorption process, and similar affinity between the peptide and both cellulose-based matrices, which in turn appeared to be equally heterogeneous. Migration studies showed complete release of MccJ25(G12Y) from the fibrous film after contact with water; meanwhile, the MFC film retained some activity after the experiment. Contact with fatty simulant had no impact on antimicrobial activity of fibrous film, whilst MFC showed a small decrease in its activity. However, MccJ25(G12Y) was not detected in the fatty simulant after active films contact. Fibrous and MFC films remained fully active during storage (3 weeks at 30 °C). Finally, MccJ25(G12Y) activated fibrous film showed controlled release in conditions simulating critical steps in salami production. The results obtained suggest that fibrous and MFC films activated with MccJ25(G12Y) have a significant potential for their use as anti-E. coli materials in food settings. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • Fibrous and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) films were activated with MicrocinJ25(G12Y). • In both systems activation was reached by physisorption phenomenon. • Both cellulose-based films maintained their activity for 3 weeks stored at 30 °C. • After water contact, Microcin J25 (G12Y) controlled release from MFC was observed. • Microcin J25(G12Y) migrated from fibrous films to the salami components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cohesive interface model based on a master curve is proposed for the analysis of delamination in paperboard under various loading, unloading, and reloading conditions. The model is thermodynamically consistent and considers the effects of elasticity, plasticity, and damage. The proposed model is verified by comparing its predictions with experimental data obtained from multiple loading–unloading–reloading cycle experiments using a split double cantilever beam specimen. The results show that the model can predict the cyclic behavior of shear loading and provide insight into the damage evolution associated with different loading paths by analyzing the shear stress distribution in the fracture process zone. The model's calibration process requires monotonic normal and shear loading data but only cyclic normal loading data. Additionally, the model accounts for the paperboard's fiber–fiber friction and normal dilatation due to shear loading. In total, nine parameters are needed to calibrate the model. • A cohesive interface model for delamination in paperboard is proposed. • The model considers the effects of elasticity, plasticity, and damage. • The model is validated by comparing it to split double cantilever beam specimen data. • The model predicts cyclic shear load behavior and damage evolution via load paths. • The calibration needs normal and shear data but only cyclic normal loading data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural earthworm with the ability to loosen soils that favors sustainable agriculture has inspired worldwide interest in the design of intelligent actuators. Given the inability to carry heavy loads and uncontrolled deformation, the vast majority of actuators can only perform simple tasks by bending, contraction, or elongation. Herein, a degradable actuator with the ability to deform in desired ways is presented, which successfully mimics the burrowing activities of earthworms to loosen soils with increased soil porosity by digging, grabbing, and lifting the soil when it receives rains. Such a scarifying actuator is made of degradable cellulose acetate and uncrosslinked polyacrylamide via the swelling-photopolymerizing method. The water absorption of polyacrylamide in moisture conditions causes rapid and remarkable bending. Such mechanical bending can be controlled in specific areas of the cellulose acetate film if polyacrylamide is polymerized in a patterned way, so as to generate complicated deformations of the whole cellulose acetate. Patterning polyacrylamide within cellulose acetate is achieved based on reversible surface protection by means of pen writing, rather than the traditional masking techniques. The water-induced deformation of programmable cellulose-based actuators is well preserved in soil, which is appropriate for promoting rain diffusion as well as root breath., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Cellulose is the largest natural and renewable biopolymer with biodegradability and biocompatibility and it has been considered as a promising feedstock for the clean production of functional materials, potentially contributing to a sustainable biomass-based economy. However, cellulose valorization is still hindered by the poor fractionation performance and the unsatisfactory solubility of cellulose. This review thereby summarized the state-of-the-art advances in the cellulose valorization from the aspects of the deconstruction and fractionation technologies, the clean solvent systems for cellulose dissolution, and the functional applications of sustainable products. The representative deconstruction technologies are crucial to overcome the biomass recalcitrance, alter the cellulose structure and thus improve the fractionation performance of cellulose. The dissolution behaviors of cellulose depended on the solvents systems employed, while the clean non-derivative solvent systems can improve the solubility of cellulose and form uniform cellulose solution. The regenerated cellulose from these solvent systems facilitated the preparation of functional materials, such as membranes, aerogels, microspheres, which had the promising potential to be used in the emerging fields of skin tissue engineering, carbon capture, and drug delivery. Mechanistic understanding of structure-property relationships indicated that the fractionation and dissolution technologies significantly altered the cellulose structures, such as crystallinity, and degree of depolymerization. which hence defined the functionality of cellulose-based materials. Overall, these findings highlighted that emerging green valorization technologies of cellulose will promote the clean production of environmentally friendly and sustainable materials, improve the economically viable cellulose valorization, and show the potential to contribute to carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution due to increase in population and high rates of wastewater generation have become serious concerns since the last few decades. Heavy metals are amongst the main wastewater pollutants due to their ability to persist in the environment. Materials and techniques are being investigated for the treatment of heavy metals in wastewater. Cellulose is one of the materials gaining attention due to its excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Cellulose-based materials are being widely studied for the adsorption of heavy metals. This overview highlights research efforts to enhance the role of cellulose in wastewater treatment through cellulose-based materials. It also discusses the effects of cellulose modifications such as cellulose gels, cellulose composites, cellulose derivatives, functionalized cellulose, and nanocrystalline cellulose on the capacity of heavy metals adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose and its derivatives have received much attention as green raw materials to prepare ultrafiltration membranes. However, the inferior performance (low rejection, poor anti-fouling etc.) hinders their development. To improve the preparation of cellulose based ultrafiltration membrane and its performance, in this study, we developed a facile strategy to fabricate cellulose acetate ultrafiltration membranes by adding methyl acetate (MAC, as a co-solvent) to N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). The results show that the pore morphologies of the membrane can be regulated by adjusting the DMAc to MAC ratio. Under optimal conditions, the pure water flux can reach 188.0 L/m2h, with the BSA rejection ratio of 95.2 %, which is about 20 % higher than the control. Furthermore, the anti-fouling and long-term stability of ultrafiltration membranes have improved significantly. The above results support the conclusion that using a mixed solvent by adding MAC to DMAc is effective for tuning the pore structure of cellulose-based ultrafiltration membrane, hence, improving its performance for water purification. • A method of using MCA as cosolvent to regulate CA membrane structure was proposed. • The water flux of the membrane reached 188.0 L/m2h. • The BSA rejection of the membrane reached 95.23 %. • The anti-fouling and long-term stability of membranes have improved significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC’s) disturb the endocrine system functionality causing negative effects on health in an organism and its progeny. Many studies have reported presence of potential EDC’s in wastewater and groundwater, indoor and outdoor air, agricultural soils and food. Epidemiological studies suggest that endocrine disruptors are associated to many worldwide increasing human diseases such as obesity, reproductive abnormalities, cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular risk, autism, and epigenetic alterations. Effective technological advances for removal of endocrine disruptors in aqueous systems, food matrixes and airborne systems include aeration, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidation, chlorination, coagulation, filtration, biodegradation and membrane technology. However, they still require high investments and operational costs. On the other hand, low-cost cellulose-based materials can be designed for the removal of EDC’s via adsorption. Cellulose is the most abundant natural biopolymer, and it can be obtained directly from agricultural wastes, chemically modified and blended with other polymers or manufactured at nano-scale. This review aims to summarize the most relevant cases where cellulose-based materials have successfully removed EDC’s from its environmental matrixes, including technological opportunities foreseen within two categories: native and modified cellulose materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at assessing morphological and chemical changes on the surface of the cellulose-based materials, such as paper, induced by high frequency (HF) plasma discharge. The topic is discussed using capacitive coupled plasma discharge at 1.2 MHz, performed in Ar/O2 mixtures, on objects made up of natural polymers, such as lignocellulosic fibers. The preliminary findings indicate the possibility of using HF cold plasma discharge for obtaining the modified properties of the cellulose-based surfaces. Simultaneously, this treatment is well suited for cleaning and decontamination purposes. The improved wettability of the cellulose-based materials after surface activation in low pressure HF Ar/O2 plasma is favorable for a subsequent deposition of protective coating formulas specific in the conservation practices. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

To date, flexible pressure sensors built on silver nanowires (AgNWs) have attracted tremendous attention, owing to their versatile applications in wearable, human-interactive, health-monitoring devices. Cellulose and its derivatives, which show great promise in serving flexible pressure sensors as the desired substrate due to their natural abundance, biocompatibility, easy processibility, and low costs. Herein, we reported a rational strategy to design a silver nanowires-dual-cellulose conductive paper. Its morphology, chemical and crystal structures, thermal stability, mechanical performances, and electrical properties were carefully studied. The results suggested that good tensile properties (tensile strength ≤8.10 MPa), high electrical conductivity (≤ 1.74 × 104 S·m−1) with long-term stability, and good adhesion stability (bending cycles over 500) were obtained. Furthermore, the use of such conductive paper as substrate for versatile flexible pressure sensors was demonstrated, which exhibited fast response (~ 0.48 s) and high sensitivity, in response to finger motion, voice recognition, and human pulse, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is a powerful and attractive characterization method for obtaining insights into the chemical structure and dynamics of a wide range of materials. Current interest in cellulose-based materials, as sustainable and renewable natural polymer products, requires deep investigation and analysis of the chemical structure, molecular packing, end chain motion, functional modification, and solvent–matrix interactions, which strongly dictate the final product properties and tailor their end applications. In comparison to other spectroscopic techniques, on an atomic level, ssNMR is considered more advanced, especially in the structural analysis of cellulose-based materials; however, due to a dearth in the availability of a broad range of pulse sequences, and time consuming experiments, its capabilities are underestimated. This critical review article presents the comprehensive and up-to-date work done using ssNMR, including the most advanced NMR strategies used to overcome and resolve the structural difficulties present in different types of cellulose-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Proposing a new method for carbonization kinetics of cellulose-based materials. • Proposing method based on binary tree mode and Linear Programming Solution. • The Root Mean Squared Error of this method less than 0.01. • This method reproducing carbonization behavior of isothermal conditions well. As a renewable resource, cellulose-based material (CBM) is frequently adopted to prepare functional carbon materials, which have been extensively used in the fields of catalysis, environment protection and energy. It is important for researchers in material field to quickly obtain methods for the carbonization kinetic analysis of CBM. In this work, a framework method for quickly determining carbonization process and kinetics parameters is developed. The new framework method employed inventive initial estimation, binary tree assumption, linear programming together with rigorous experimental verification. According to TG experiment data, CBM is divided into two parts marked by free-ends of raw material (corresponding 10 % with free-end in MCC), which undergo different reaction. The results of optimized model show the isothermal TG data has a high accordance, the max Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.01, as well as the max RMSE under constant heating rate is 0.009. Furthermore, as a demonstration of using new framework, carbonization reaction of nanocellulose (NNC) is primitively investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interest in advanced photocatalytic technologies with metal oxide-based nanomaterials has been growing exponentially over the years due to their green and sustainable characteristics. Photocatalysis has been employed in several applications ranging from the degradation of pollutants to water splitting, CO2 and N2 reductions, and microorganism inactivation. However, to maintain its eco-friendly aspect, new solutions must be identified to ensure sustainability. One alternative is creating an enhanced photocatalytic paper by introducing cellulose-based materials to the process. Paper can participate as a substrate for the metal oxides, but it can also form composites or membranes, and it adds a valuable contribution as it is environmentally friendly, low-cost, flexible, recyclable, lightweight, and earth abundant. In term of photocatalysts, the use of metal oxides is widely spread, mostly since these materials display enhanced photocatalytic activities, allied to their chemical stability, non-toxicity, and earth abundance, despite being inexpensive and compatible with low-cost wet-chemical synthesis routes. This manuscript extensively reviews the recent developments of using photocatalytic papers with nanostructured metal oxides for environmental remediation. It focuses on titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) in the form of nanostructures or thin films. It discusses the main characteristics of metal oxides and correlates them to their photocatalytic activity. The role of cellulose-based materials on the systems' photocatalytic performance is extensively discussed, and the future perspective for photocatalytic papers is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel superhydrophobic cellulose-based material was obtained by plasma treatment. • POSS-based polymers were grafted on cellulose via condensation reaction. • Superhydrophobic cellulose-based material showed high thermal stability. A novel hydrophobic cellulose-based organic/inorganic nanomaterial (cellulose/TS-POSS) was prepared by oxygen plasma treatment followed by condensation reaction with TriSilanollsobutyl-Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. By careful design of cellulose film modified with TS-POSS by plasma etching, not only simply activated the hydroxyl groups on fiber surface, but also lowered the surface energy and increased the surface roughness. The surface morphology, chemical structure, thermal properties, and hydrophobic properties of cellulose/TS-POSS materials were systematically investigated by FTIR, SEM, AFM, CA, and TGA, respectively. The experimental results showed that the static water contact angle of cellulose/TS-POSS was 152.9°, demonstrating super-hydrophobicity. The results indicated that the TS-POSS were observed uniformly dispersed in the cellulose at the nanometer scale to form nanostructures, successful bonding to cellulose through condensation reaction. This process developed in this paper provided new solutions and approximations for the facile fabrication of sustainable cellulose-based hydrophobic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deterioration and degradation of works of art is of great concern to preserve humankind heritage. Among categories of degradation, biodeterioration is one of the main destructive type, considering the dynamic fluctuations that microorganisms exert on the substrate. In order to understand and cope with biological damage, the use of cutting-edge molecular techniques in combined multidisciplinary approaches is nowadays in its pioneering age. We provide a review on recent applications of omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) to advance our understanding of microbial biodeterioration of cultural heritage materials such as stone, cellulose-based substrates, parchment. The interesting picture arising from this exercise is a fingerprint of biodegradation and its biological causes, identifying metabolites and microbial communities. At the end of the review we provide an extensive perspective section suggesting future approaches and concrete tools for conservators in diagnosis and treatment of biodeterioration. • Omics techniques improve the overall understanding of biodeterioration. • Recent studies using omics approaches on different substrates are reviewed. • Combined use of omics and cultivation techniques is emphasized. • Perspectives and tools for biologists and conservators are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]