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Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:33:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 The time for flowering and fruiting in plants is mainly influenced by environmental factors. Plant species that are subject to different environmental conditions, but phylogenetically close, such as forest and savanna congeneric species pairs growing in forest-savanna transitions in the Neotropics, can be comparatively studied to isolate the effects of the environment from phylogenetic influences. Thus, we performed a comparative study of flowering and fruiting start and duration, as well its relationships with dispersal modes and canopy phenology, analyzing herbarium data for 25 congeneric species pairs from different families, each containing at least one savanna and one forest species. We examined species phenological patterns using digitized specimens from one of the most comprehensive digitized plant datasets in Brazil, the SpeciesLink. We found savanna species having shorter flowering duration (2–5 months) in comparison with forest (3–8 months) congeneric species. Congeneric pairs presented similar reproductive phenological responses for all other studied traits. We found that dispersal mode played an important role in determining fruiting start and duration, while flowering and fruiting start were explained by leaf deciduousness. Although there were many phenological similarities between savanna and forest species, there were differences in flowering duration between savanna and forest species in some congeneric pairs. Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km 137,8, Eugênio de Melo Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellane S/N, Vila Industrial Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Rodovia Presidente Dutra, Km 137,8, Eugênio de Melo Departamento de Biologia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donatto Castellane S/N, Vila Industrial

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:07:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 The ecological impact of lianas in the edges of tropical forest areas is widely recognised; however, the edge influence on the liana community and its relationship with trees in biomes of open vegetation require further evaluation. We compared the following parameters between edges and interiors in a remnant of woody cerrado: (i) the structure of liana and tree communities (abundance, basal area and species richness and composition); (ii) the influence of microenvironmental factors on the abundance and basal area of lianas and trees; and (iii) the relationship between lianas and their host trees. We collected data from plots placed in the edge and interior (100 m distance from the edges) at two cardinal orientations (south and east) of our study site. Our results showed that (i) lianas had greater absolute and per tree host abundances in the edges, while the trees showed greater abundance and lower basal area in the interiors; (ii) there was a positive edge effect on the diversity of lianas but not of trees, with a greater diversity of lianas in the edges, while the interiors showed only a subset of the liana species recorded at the edges; (iii) the edge effect was more pronounced (less tree abundance with a larger basal area and greater abundance of lianas) on the south-facing than on the east-facing edges; and (iv) the microenvironmental factors analysed did not influence the general pattern of abundance and the basal area of trees and lianas. We conclude that, in the remnant of cerrado studied, the edges influenced the liana community, increasing the species richness, abundance and host occupancy. The impact of the greater diversity and abundance of lianas in the edges should be considered in the management and conservation plans of woody cerrado ecosystems. Department of Forest Sciences “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias 11 Department of Biology Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde de São Paulo, Rua Carlos Petit, 401 Laboratório de Fenologia Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Núcleo de Ecologia Instituto de Botânica, C. Postal 68041 Laboratório de Fenologia Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:10:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Although the outer bark is important for protecting the inner tissues of stems of woody plants, especially from fire, the variation of outer bark in environments with different water availability, wind intensities, and solar radiation is little understood. Here, we examined the outer bark structure of Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Asteraceae) and Zanthoxylum rhoifolium (Rutaceae), co-occurring species in cerrado sensu stricto, cerradão, semi-deciduous seasonal forest and rainforest. Cerrado sensu stricto is a savanna with relatively intense solar radiation and winds. Cerradão, semi-deciduous seasonal forest and rainforest are progressively more closed and humid. We tested if trees in cerrado sensu stricto have relatively thicker outer and total bark than trees in the other three environments. For individuals of each species from each habitat, we described the morphological and anatomical features of the outer bark, including the origin of the first periderm. We compared the relative thickness of outer and total bark among habitats by means of ANOVA. In both species, we observed no qualitative differences in the morphological and anatomical features of the outer bark; therefore, these features are diagnostic for each species. For all habitats, the deep-seated origin of the first periderm and formation of a rhytidome in M. polymorphum produce a grooved bark with a loose appearance, whereas the subepidermal origin and formation of a single periderm in Z. rhoifolium produce a more uniform and smooth-appearing bark. Zanthoxylum rhoifolium trees in cerrado sensu stricto and cerradão have a thinner periderm, whereas M. polymorphum trees do not vary in rhytidome thickness among the habitats. In summary, trees from cerrado sensu stricto did not have relatively thicker outer bark and total bark than trees in cerradão, semi-deciduous seasonal forest and rainforest, suggesting that seasonal drought, intense solar radiation and winds do not seem to affect the total thickness of the outer bark. UNESP - São Paulo State University Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Ciência Florestal Laboratório de Anatomia da Madeira, Avenida Universitária, 3780 UNESP - São Paulo State University Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Departamento de Botânica, Distrito de Rubião Junior UNESP - São Paulo State University Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas Departamento de Ciência Florestal Laboratório de Anatomia da Madeira, Avenida Universitária, 3780 UNESP - São Paulo State University Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Departamento de Botânica, Distrito de Rubião Junior FAPESP: 2015/14954-1 CNPq: 304396/2015-0

Coleoptera order in Brazil presents 105 families with approximately 28,000 species. The life cycle and diversity of Coleoptera are strongly influenced by climate and vegetation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seasonality and distribution of Coleoptera families in an area of the Cerrado in the Federal District (DF) of Brazil. The insects were collected monthly, between June 2015 and May 2016, using a light trap activated only in nights with a new moon, in an area of cerrado sensu stricto in Planaltina/DF, Brazil. The data were correlated with climatic variables. A total of 21,100 Coleoptera specimens belonging to 34 families were collected, with Melolonthidae (n = 11,075), Carabidae (n = 2,522), Scarabaeidae (n = 2,506), Bostrichidae (n = 1,196), and Chrysomelidae (n = 1,086) being the most abundant. Coleoptera were significantly more abundant in the first half of the rainy season. There was a significant and positive correlation between the abundance of Coleoptera and the climatic variables temperature and precipitation. The data presented in this study are related to an atypical year under the strong influence of the El Niño phenomenon, which may influence the abundance of Coleoptera. Circular analysis revealed that Coleoptera, and the most abundant families, presented seasonality throughout the year with a grouped distribution at the beginning of the rainy season (October to December). This study demonstrates that the richness and abundance of the Coleoptera order, in the Cerrado, is strongly influenced by the characteristic climatic seasons of the biome.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:12:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-16 Flowering patterns are crucial to understand the dynamics of plant reproduction and resource availability for pollinators. Seasonal climate constrains flower and leaf phenology, where leaf and flower colors likely differ between seasons. Color is the main floral trait attracting pollinators; however, seasonal changes in the leaf-background coloration affect the perception of flower color contrasts by pollinators. For a seasonally dry woody cerrado community (Brazilian savanna) mainly pollinated by bees, we verified whether seasonality affects flower color diversity over time and if flower color contrasts of bee-pollinated species differ between seasons due to changes in the leaf-background coloration. For 140 species, we classified flower colors based on human-color vision, and for 99 species, we classified flower colors based on bee-color vision (spectral measurements). We described the community’s flowering pattern according to the flower colors using a unique 11 years phenological database. For the 43 bee-pollinated species in which reflectance data were also available, we compared flower color diversity and contrasts against the background between seasons, considering the background coloration of each season. Flowering was markedly seasonal, peaking at the end of the dry season (September), when the highest diversity of flower colors was observed. Yellow flowers were observed all year round, whereas white flowers were seasonal, peaking during the dry season, and pink flowers predominated in the wet season, peaking in March. Bee-bluegreen flowers peaked between September and October. Flowers from the wet and dry seasons were similarly conspicuous against their corresponding background. Regardless of flowering season, the yellowish background of the dry season promoted higher flower color contrast for all flower species, whereas the greener background of the wet season promoted a higher green contrast. Temporal patterns of flower colors and color contrasts were related to the cerrado seasonality, but also to bee’s activity, visual system, and behavior. Background coloration affected flower contrasts, favoring flower conspicuousness to bees according to the season. Thus, our results provide new insights regarding the temporal patterns of plant–pollinator interactions. Phenology Laboratory Department of Biodiversity Biosciences Institute São Paulo State University (UNESP) Phenology Laboratory Department of Biodiversity Biosciences Institute São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Savannas are the most sensitive ecosystems to future changes in land use and climate. Therefore, understanding of the factors underpinning savanna ecosystem function is urgently required for ecologically-relevant conservation and management. This thesis aims to address this knowledge gap, investigating how local conditions and landscape features influence soil microbial attributes, and the resistance and resilience of soil functioning within the three distinct vegetation types of the Brazillian Cerrado biome: Gallery forest, Veredas and Cerrado sensu stricto. Firstly, I evaluated how local vegetation characteristics and soil physico-chemical properties interact and influence soil microbial attributes (Chapter 2). Secondly, I investigated how landscape-scale anthropogenic disturbance and topography affect soil microbial community structure and enzyme activity (Chapter 3). I also assessed how soil CO2 emissions are related to microbial attributes and topography, and the resistance and resilience of soil functioning (respiration) of the vegetation types in response to drought and drying-rewetting (Chapter 4). Lastly, I conducted an experiment to investigate the mechanisms underpinning C mineralisation in rewetted soils from the different Cerrado vegetation types (Chapter 5). At the local scale, I found different patterns in above- and below-ground interactions within the three vegetation types. Soil physico-chemical properties strongly affected soil microbial attributes in Gallery forests and Veredas, whereas vegetation characteristics were the main determinant in Cerrado sensu stricto. At the landscape scale, I found topography to be the major predictor of microbial attributes in all vegetation types, and that anthropogenic disturbance influences soil microbial communities both positively and negatively. Veredas soils were the most resistant to drought, while Gallery forests soils were the most resilient in their reponse to rewetting after drought. I also discovered that soil organic matter quality combined with nutrient availability influenced different mechanisms underpinning soil C stock and release to the atmosphere across the different Cerrado types. Based on these findings, I discuss the importance of flooding regimes in the wetland vegetation types (Gallery forest and Veredas) for ecosystem functioning, and implications for future land-use and climate change in the Cerrado biome (Chapter 5). I emphasize the need for Brazilian environmental legislation to prioritize the integral conservation of periodically flooded areas.

Quando áreas naturais são fragmentadas, ocorre a formação de bordas. Nessas áreas, que estão sujeitas a distúrbios e perturbações, as plantas tendem a ocupar microhábitats específicos que oferecem condições ótimas de obtenção de recursos. Diferenças de luminosidade são um dos principais fatores que afetam o desempenho e a distribuição de algumas espécies, e podem provocar modificações funcionais e fenotípicas no decorrer do desenvolvimento das plantas. Além das modificações morfológicas, diferenças na exposição à luz solar podem também representar um aumento ou diminuição no nível de estresse das espécies vegetais. Neste estudo nós investigamos como gradientes ambientais afetam a ocorrência, características fenotípicas, nutricionais e a fenologia de Banisteriopsis malifolia, assim como as interações ecológicas com a fauna associada. O trabalho foi realizado em uma área de reserva de Cerrado situada na cidade de Uberlândia. Delimitamos quatro transectos da borda da trilha principal da reserva até o interior da mata. Foram encontradas 649 plantas, no entanto, a abundância da espécie não apresentou diferenças estatísticas significativas de acordo com os transectos e a distância da borda. Dentre todas as variáveis examinadas em B. malifolia, complexidade estrutural, assimetria flutuante, área foliar, massa foliar específica, número de botões florais e herbivoria, nenhuma apresentou variações significativas de acordo com a cobertura vegetal (abertura de dossel de árvores vizinhas, %) e a distância da borda. Os resultados sugerem que para essa espécie, nesta área, não houve mudanças significativas nas condições ambientais e no acesso a diferentes recursos para a espécie. When natural areas are fragmented, edge formation occurs. In these areas, which are subject to disturbances and disorders, plants tend to occupy specific microhabitats that offer optimal conditions for obtaining resources. Sunlight differences are one of the main factors affecting the performance and distribution of some species, and may cause functional and phenotypic changes during the development of plants. In addition to morphological changes, differences in sunlight exposure may also represent an increase or decrease in the stress level of plant species. In this study we investigated how environmental gradients affect the occurrence, phenotypic, nutritional characteristics and phenology of Banisteriopsis malifolia, as well as the ecological interactions with the associated fauna. The work was carried out in a Cerrado reserve area located in the city of Uberlândia. We delineate four transects from the edge of the reserve's main trail into the forest. There were 649 plants found, however, the abundance of the individuals did not present significant statistical differences according to the transects and distance from the border. Among all variables examined in B. malifolia: structural complexity, fluctuating asymmetry, leaf area, specific foliar mass, number of floral buds and herbivory, none showed significant variations according to the vegetation cover (canopy of neighboring trees,%) and the distance from the edge. The results suggest that for this species, in this area, there were no significant changes in environmental conditions and access to different resources for this specie. Dissertação (Mestrado)

Resumo A variação fitofisionômica do Cerrado brasileiro é intensa e estudos fitossociológicos podem fornecer subsídios sobre quais fatores são responsáveis por essa heterogeneidade ambiental. Nesse sentido, esse estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a estrutura da vegetação lenhosa de três áreas de cerrado sentido restrito, no município de Jataí - GO, buscando discutir os achados com o histórico de perturbação de cada área e aspectos físicos dos solos. Foram alocadas dez parcelas contíguas de 20x50 m em cada área, totalizando três hectares de levantamento no total. Incluíram-se na amostragem todos os troncos com diâmetro ≥ 5 cm, medidos a 30 cm do solo. As áreas apresentaram diferenças quanto à estrutura da vegetação lenhosa com formações mais abertas e outras mais densas (densidade de 991 a 1859 ind.ha-1 e área basal de 10,85 a 17,68 m2.ha-1). A riqueza florística variou de 70 a 82 espécies. Apesar de haver uma mistura de elementos florísticos savânicos e florestais entre as áreas, detectou-se maior domínio de espécies savânicas. Os padrões florístico e estrutural indicaram heterogeneidade nas comunidades em função de diferenças texturais do solo e incêndios. Isso reforça a importância da preservação de formações savânicas no sudoeste do estado para entender variações estruturais e florísticas e, consequentemente, fornecer informações para outros estudos sobre os aspectos ecológicos relacionados a eles. Abstract The physiognomy variation of Brazilian Cerrado is intense and phytosociological studies can provide subsidies on which factors are responsible for this environmental heterogeneity. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the structure of the woody vegetation of three sites of Cerrado sensu stricto, in the municipality of Jataí, state of Goiás, Brazil, aiming to discuss the findings with the history of disturbance of each site and physical aspects of the soils. Ten 20 x 50 m contiguous plots of were allocated in each area, totaling three hectares of survey in total. We included in the sample all trunks with diameter ≥ 5 cm, measured at 30 cm of the ground. The sites showed differences in wood structure, ranging from more open to more dense areas (density ranging 991-1859 ind.ha-1 and basal area ranging from 10.85 to 17.68 m2.ha-1). The richness in the areas ranged from 70 to 82 as well as the species composition. Although, there is a mix of savanna and forest floristic elements, we detected higher domain of typical savanna species for the three areas. The floristic and structural patterns indicated heterogeneity in the communities, even geographically close, possibly due to soil texture differences. This reinforces the importance of the preservation of savanna formations in the southwest of Goiás state to understand the structural and floristic variations and, consequently, to provide information for other studies on the ecological aspects related to them.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, 2019. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF). No Cerrado os dípteros se apresentam como um grupo relativamente pouco estudado, onde as estimativas da diversidade de espécies das diferentes famílias de Brachycera são limitadas a grupos específicos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar e inventariar a fauna de Diptera (Brachycera) encontrada em Mata de Galeria e Cerrado Sensu Stricto, e analisar a distribuição e composição de Stratiomyidae e Asilidae em ambas as fitofisionomias de Cerrado. O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Água Limpa, Universidade de Brasília, localizada dentro da Área de Proteção Ambiental Gama e Cabeça de Veado, no Distrito Federal. Os dípteros foram coletados utilizando armadilhas Malaise e as coletas foram realizadas semanalmente, durante dois meses da estação seca (abril e maio) e dois meses da estação chuvosa (novembro e dezembro) do ano de 2017, resultando em um total de 7.658 espécimes coletados de moscas. Os descritores de comunidade apresentaram diferença entre as fitofisionomias. Os Stratiomyidae (122 espécimes) apresentaram maior abundância e riqueza na área de mata, e os Asilidae (369 espécimes) tiveram maior abundância, e diversidade na área de cerrado. Ambas as famílias foram mais abundantes na estação chuvosa. Além disso, foi registrado a primeira ocorrência das famílias Nemestrinidae, Platypezidae e Scenopinidae em área de Cerrado, na família Stratiomyidae foram 5 gêneros e 3 espécies, e em Asilidae, 5 gêneros e 2 espécies. Sendo bem maior o número de primeiros registros para o Distrito Federal. Assim, é possível afirmar que existe diferença na composição da fauna de Diptera (Brachycera) e nas assembleias de Asilidae e Stratiomyidae, entre as fitofisionomias, em que algumas variáveis como tipo de vegetação e disponibilidade de recurso podem influenciar a distribuição dessa fauna. In the Brazilian savannah’s the dipterans present as a relatively little studied group, where the estimates of the diversity of the Brachycera species of the different Brachycera families are limited to specific groups. The aim of this work was to compare and inventory the Diptera (Brachycera) fauna found in the Gallery Forest and Cerrado Sensu Stricto, and to analyze the distribution and composition of Stratiomyidae and Asilidae in both Cerrado phytophysiognomies. The study was carried out at the Fazenda Água Limpa, University of Brasília, located within of the Gama and Cabeça de Veado Environmental Protection Area, in the Distrito Federal. The dipterans were collected using Malaise traps and the collections were performed weekly, during two months of the dry season (April and May) and two months of the rainy season (November and December) of the year 2017, resulting in a total of 7,628 specimens collected from flies. The community descriptors presented a difference between the phytophysiognomies. Stratiomyidae (122 specimens) showed greater abundance and richness in the forest area, and Asilidae (369 specimens) had greater abundance and diversity in the cerrado area. Both families were more abundant in the rainy season. In addition, the first occurrence of the Nemestrinidae, Platypezidae and Scenopinidae families in the Cerrado area was recorded in the Straiomyidae family, 5 genera and 3 species, and the Asilidae family, 5 genera and 2 species. The number of first registrations for the Distrito Federal is much higher. Thus, it is possible to affirm that there is a difference in the composition of Diptera (Brachycera) fauna and assemblages of Asilidae and Stratiomyidae, among the phytophysiognomies, in which some variables such as vegetation type and resource availability can influence the distribution of this fauna.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The flora of the Rupestrian Savannah (Cerrado Rupestre) is composed of widely distributed species and endemic species from high altitude rocky outcrops. The aim of this study was to characterise the floristic composition, structure and diversity of fragments of Rupestrian Savannah in south-eastern Brazil and to examine the similarity with other rupestrian cerrado vegetations and with cerrado sensu stricto on profound soils. For this, phytosociological parameters, evenness and diversity were calculated and compared with other studies. The survey exhibited 72 species, 45 genera, 30 families and high floristic similarity with cerrado on profound soils. There were no indicator species of the Rupestrian Savannah, but there were typical species of rocky environments. The basal area was significantly larger in the profound soil cerrado in relationship to the Rupestrian Savannah and evenness was lower in the Rupestrian Savannah of this study compared to others. These variables reflect the lower exploration capacity of the root of rocky environments. The highest similarity between the Rupestrian Savannah and cerrado on profound soils refers to the canga ferruginous nature, which represents the limit of the tableland of cerrado on the edge of the plateaus, allowing greater sharing of flora.

Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa analisar as mudanças na comunidade lenhosa em um período de quatro anos, além de caracterizar a composição florística e fitossociológica. O estudo foi realizado na fazenda experimental da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, campus de Gurupi, sob as coordenadas geográficas 11º46’21.08’’ Sul 49º3’21.56’’ Oeste. Foram estabelecidas sistematicamente 5 parcelas permanentes de 20×50 m onde foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbustivos-arbóreos com circunferência a 1,30 cm acima do solo (CAP) ≥ 10 cm em 2014 e em 2018. No inventário de julho de 2014, foram encontrados 2128 indivíduos pertencentes a 110 espécies, 86 gêneros e 46 famílias, a altura média da vegetação estimada foi de 7,23 m, o diâmetro médio encontrado foi de 6,87 cm, além de ter apresentado uma área basal total de 10,88 m². O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) encontrado foi de 3,65 e equabilidade de Pielou (J’) foi de 0,775. Ao passo que em julho de 2018 foram mensurados 1956 indivíduos, distribuídos em 108 espécies, 86 gêneros e 39 famílias, com altura média de 6,70 m e área basal média de 10,17 m². O índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) encontrado foi de 3,61 e equabilidade de Pielou (J’) foi de 0,775. Em 2014, a família Anacardiaceae foi a mais representativa com o maior número de indivíduos e entre as espécies, destacou-se a Tapirira guianensis Aubl. O mesmo ocorreu no levantamento florístico e fitossociologico de 2018, entretanto a espécie Tapirira guianensis Aubl obteve maior número de indivíduos. O Índice de Sorensen obteve valor de 0,95 representando uma forte homogeneidade ambiental entre os dois levantamentos (2014/2018). Cabe ressaltar que em agosto de 2015 e julho de 2017 foi registrada a ocorrência de incêndio florestal na área, atingindo o cerrado avaliado no presente estudo, o que leva a crer que esse fenômeno natural pode ter sido o fator responsável pela dinâmica da vegetação favorecendo a mortalidade de algumas espécies lenhosas e proporcionando a diminuição em densidade e biomassa, sendo possível avaliar espécies tolerantes e não tolerantes ao fogo, para que futuramente seja possível realizar recomendações em áreas de recuperação onde possa ocorrer passagem de fogo. The objective of this research was to analyze the changes in the woody community in a period of four years, besides characterizing the floristic composition, phytosociological and its correlation with the soil.The study was carried at the Experimental farm of Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus of Gurupi under the geographical coordinates 11º46'21.08 '' South / 49º3'21.56 '' West. Five permanent plots of 20 × 50 m were systematically established where all shrub-arboreal individuals with circumference at 1.30 cm above the soil (CAP) ≥ 10 cm were sampled in 2014 and 2018.In the inventory of July 2014, 2128 individuals belonging to 110 species, 86 genera and 46 families were found, the average height of the vegetation estimated was 7.23 m, the average diameter found was 6.87 cm, besides having presented a total basal area of 10.88 m².The diversity index of Shannon (H ') found was 3.65 and Pielou equability (J') 0.775. Whereas in July 2018, 1956 individuals were distributed in 108 species, 86 genera and 49 families, the mean height of 6.70 m and the mean basal area of 10.17 m 2. The diversity index of Shannon (H ') found was 3.61 and Pielou equability (J') 0.775.In 2014, the Anacardiaceae family was the most representative with the largest number of individuals and among the species, Tapirira guianensis Aubl was the most representative, as was the floristic and phytosociological survey of 2018, however the species Tapirira guianensis Aubl obtained a larger number of individuals. The Sorensen Index obtained a value of 0.95 representing a strong environmental homogeneity between the two surveys 2014/2018. It is worth noting that in August 2015 and July 2017 a forest fire was recorded in the area, and the cerrado was not present a study about what leads a natural episode may have been the factor organized by the vegetation favoring a some species are woody and provide a decrease in density and biomass, allowing the tolerance of tolerant and non-fire tolerant species.

Here we model and describe the wood volume of Cerrado Sensu Stricto, a highly heterogeneous vegetation type in the Savanna biome, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, integrating forest inventory data with spatial-environmental variables, multivariate regression, and regression kriging. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the factors that affect the spatial distribution of the wood volume of this vegetation type as well as allowing better representation of the spatial heterogeneity of this biome. Wood volume estimates were obtained through regression models using different environmental variables as independent variables. Using the best fitted model, spatial analysis of the residuals was carried out by selecting a semivariogram model for generating an ordinary kriging map, which in turn was used with the fitted regression model in the regression kriging technique. Seasonality of both temperature and precipitation, along with the density of deforestation, explained the variations of wood volume throughout Minas Gerais. The spatial distribution of predicted wood volume of Cerrado Sensu Stricto in Minas Gerais revealed the high variability of this variable (15.32 to 98.38 m3 ha-1) and the decreasing gradient in the southeast-northwest direction.

RESUMO Este estudo determinou o custo e o efeito de polímero hidrorretentor (hidrogel) na redução da mortandade de mudas de seis espécies florestais nativas do Cerrado, na recuperação de área degradada em Planaltina – Distrito Federal. Foram testados quatro tratamentos (com e sem hidrogel nas estações seca e chuvosa) em delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro blocos e três repetições por bloco. ANOVA e teste de Tukey revelaram que o hidrogel reduziu significativamente a mortandade na estação seca, mas não teve efeito significativo na estação chuvosa. Considerando o custo de substituição de mudas mortas, o tratamento sem hidrogel foi mais caro que com hidrogel na estação seca. O plantio no final da estação seca com hidrogel representa alternativa viável para reduzir a mortandade de mudas via mitigação dos efeitos do estresse hídrico pós-transplante no final da estação seca, sem representar custo significativo adicional aos programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas de Cerrado. ABSTRACT We determined the cost and effect of a water retention polymer (hydrogel) in reducing mortality of planted seedlings of six Cerrado forest species in the restoration of a degraded area in Planaltina county – Brazilian Federal District. We tested four treatments (hydrogel use and no hydrogel use in dry and rainy seasons) in a randomized block design, with four blocks and three replications per block. ANOVA and Tukey’s test revealed that hydrogel significantly reduced mortality in the dry season, and had no significant effect in the rainy season. Regarding the cost of dead seedlings replacement, the treatment without hydrogel was more expensive than the one with hydrogel in the dry season. Planting at the end of the dry season using hydrogel is a viable alternative in reducing mortality of seedlings via mitigation of water stress effects after transplantation, without significant additional cost to recovery programs of Cerrado degraded areas.

Post-fi re response by vegetation may refl ect the severity of the damage suff ered, but we still know little about the species-specifi c nature of responses to fi re or their predictors. Here, we evaluated 26 woody species before and after a fi re event in an Cerrado sensu stricto area (typical Brazilian savanna-type) in order to evaluate mortality rates and the type of resprouting (epigeal, hypogeal or epigeal + hypogeal). We evaluated the relative importance of stem diameter, height, and bark thickness as predictors of the type of post-fi re resprouting, using a sequential logistic regression model (SLRM). Mortality was 4 %, while epigeal resprouting was recorded in 57 % of the individuals, hypogeal resprouting was recorded in 24 %, and epigeal + hypogeal resprouting in 15 %. Our SLRM analysis indicated that bark thickness, followed by stem diameter, were the best predictors of the type of resprouting. Th ere was a greater than 60 % probability that individuals with bark thicker than 1.6 cm resprouted only epigeally. Our results confi rm the resistance (low mortality) and resilience (high resprouting capacity) of the woody vegetation of the Cerrado sensu stricto to fi re, and that thick bark is an eff ective protection against fi re damage.

Este estudo determinou o custo e o efeito de polímero hidrorretentor (hidrogel) na redução da mortandade de mudas de seis espécies florestais nativas do Cerrado, na recuperação de área degradada em Planaltina – Distrito Federal. Foram testados quatro tratamentos (com e sem hidrogel nas estações seca e chuvosa) em delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro blocos e três repetições por bloco. ANOVA e teste de Tukey revelaram que o hidrogel reduziu significativamente a mortandade na estação seca, mas não teve efeito significativo na estação chuvosa. Considerando o custo de substituição de mudas mortas, o tratamento sem hidrogel foi mais caro que com hidrogel na estação seca. O plantio no final da estação seca com hidrogel representa alternativa viável para reduzir a mortandade de mudas via mitigação dos efeitos do estresse hídrico pós-transplante no final da estação seca, sem representar custo significativo adicional aos programas de recuperação de áreas degradadas de Cerrado. We determined the cost and effect of a water retention polymer (hydrogel) in reducing mortality of planted seedlings of six Cerrado forest species in the restoration of a degraded area in Planaltina county – Brazilian Federal District. We tested four treatments (hydrogel use and no hydrogel use in dry and rainy seasons) in a randomized block design, with four blocks and three replications per block. ANOVA and Tukey’s test revealed that hydrogel significantly reduced mortality in the dry season, and had no significant effect in the rainy season. Regarding the cost of dead seedlings replacement, the treatment without hydrogel was more expensive than the one with hydrogel in the dry season. Planting at the end of the dry season using hydrogel is a viable alternative in reducing mortality of seedlings via mitigation of water stress effects after transplantation, without significant additional cost to recovery programs of Cerrado degraded areas.

Submitted by Luiz Felipe Souza Pinheiro null (lfs.pinheiro@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-03T19:00:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação LF.pdf: 1583370 bytes, checksum: ef84ef1300690bcccfe27cc96a224797 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-05T17:03:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pinheiro_lfs_me_assis_par.pdf: 143740 bytes, checksum: b71b4b11b61ce19efeb25429021193ac (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-05T17:03:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pinheiro_lfs_me_assis_par.pdf: 143740 bytes, checksum: b71b4b11b61ce19efeb25429021193ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) As espécies não arbóreas são de extrema importância no bioma Cerrado (savana brasileira), constituindo o estrato inferior da vegetação e possuindo riqueza de espécies bem maior que a do componente arbóreo. No entanto, pouco se sabe a respeito das alterações que o avanço de vegetações florestais em ambiente de savana, especialmente em regimes de supressão de fogo, provoca na comunidade não arbórea. Do mesmo modo, são desconhecidas as respostas das espécies desta comunidade frente às mudanças ambientais causadas pelo adensamento da vegetação. Assim, este estudo objetivou investigar as mudanças florísticas, fitossociológicas e de diversidade de comunidades não arbóreas em um gradiente cerrado sensu stricto (ou típico) - cerrado florestado, além de avaliar as características morfoanatômicas foliares dessas espécies frente ao gradiente de adensamento. Para tanto, foi feita uma amostragem do estrato inferior da vegetação visando avaliar sua riqueza florística e sua densidade e frequência em três condições de adensamento: cerrado típico, cerrado denso e cerrado florestado. Parâmetros ambientais destas três condições foram tomados a fim de estimar sua influência sobre os padrões de diversidade. Por fim, foi analisada a morfoanatomia foliar de espécies representativas de cada condição. O adensamento alterou a condição luminosa da vegetação, com as fisionomias mais fechadas apresentando maior índice de área foliar, com menor incidência de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa no estrato inferior. As fisionomias mais fechadas também apresentaram maior umidade e quantidade de fósforo no solo. O cerrado típico apresentou maior diversidade e riqueza de espécies em relação às fisionomias mais adensadas. Assim, os ambientes mais densos e fechados apresentaram um estrato inferior menos rico e dominado por poucas espécies, sendo a luz o principal fator que influenciou a redução da riqueza. Isto se refletiu nos parâmetros morfoanatômicos, já que espécies de cerrado típico apresentaram características foliares com tendência ao xeromorfismo, relacionadas à maior incidência de luz neste ambiente. Deste modo, pode-se esperar que as espécies de cerrado florestado, que apresentaram características mais mesomorfas, sejam favorecidas pelo avanço da floresta sobre a savana em detrimento das espécies típicas de cerrado sensu stricto. Os resultados permitem concluir que a comunidade vegetal do estrato inferior de cerrado típico está sendo severamente prejudicada pelo sombreamento e pelo avanço florestal, na ausência de fogo. Non-arboreal species are highly important in the Cerrado biome (Brazilian savanna), constituting the lower layer of the Cerrado vegetation and possessing species richness much larger than the tree component. However, little is known about the changes that the advance of forest vegetation into savanna environments, especially under fire suppression, causes in non-arboreal community. Similarly, the responses of the species of this community to the environmental changes caused by tree encroachment are unknown. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the floristic, phytosociological and diversity changes of non-arboreal community in a cerrado sensu stricto (or typical cerrado) - forested cerrado gradient, and to evaluate the leaf morphoanatomical traits of these species along the crowding gradient. To this end, we made a sampling of the lower layer of the vegetation to evaluate its floristic richness and its density and frequency in three crowding conditions: typical cerrado, dense cerrado and forested cerrado. Environmental parameters of these three conditions were taken in order to estimate their influence on diversity patterns. Finally, the leaf anatomy of representative species in each condition was analyzed. Tree encroachment alters the vegetation light condition, with more closed physiognomies showing higher leaf area index and lower incidence of photosynthetically active radiation in the lower layer. Also, more closed physiognomies showed higher soil humidity and phosphorus content. The typical cerrado showed higher species diversity and richness than the more closed physiognomies. Thus, these environments showed a lower layer less rich and dominated by few species, with light being the main factor influencing richness reduction. This was reflected in morphoanatomical parameters, as typical cerrado species showed foliar traits with a tendency to xeromorfism, related to higher incidence of light in this environment. Thus, it is expected that the forested savanna species, which had more mesomorphic traits, would be favored by forest advance into the savanna instead of the typical species of the cerrado sensu stricto. Our results indicate that typical cerrado lower layer community is being severely impaired by shading and forest advance in the absence of fire. FAPESP: 2013/18049-6

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2019-08-08T17:40:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Camila Paula de Oliveira.pdf: 4422966 bytes, checksum: d04586f8e8339432e20f3d21d7a9cd0f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-08T17:40:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Camila Paula de Oliveira.pdf: 4422966 bytes, checksum: d04586f8e8339432e20f3d21d7a9cd0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-24 CAPES This study aimed to characterize the woody component and estimate the total aboveground stocks of dry biomass and carbon presents in two savannic physiognomies of the Cerrado biome, they being the cerrado sensu stricto t?pico and cerrado sensu stricto ralo. The study areas are located in the municipality of Jaborandi, west of Bahia, in the middle S?o Franciscoecoregion, where they develop on Urucuia?s geological formation. To characterize the vegetation types were sampled all woody plants with diameter at base height (Db30cm ? 5cm) presents in a sample area of two hectares composed of 20 plots of 1000 m2 (20m x 50m) arranged randomly in each of the studiedareas. Destructive samples were taken in the field to quantify the biomass stored in woody, herbaceous-shrubby and leaf litter compartments of the two cerrado studied. The sampling of herbaceous-shrubby and leaf litter compartments was performed by 20 plots respectively of 4m? (2 x 2m) and 1m? (1 x 1m) arranged arbitrarily in the studied areas. For sampling of the woody compartment were cut and weighted 90 trees in the cerrado t?pico and 60 trees in the cerrado ralo allowing the adjustment of mathematical models to estimate the stocks of dry biomass and carbon in the woody compartment of these vegetation types. At thecerrado t?pico, 1903 woody individuals (952 ind. ha-1) with 7,85m2 ha-1of basal area were sampled and distributed in 57 species that belong to 41 genera and 23 families. In the cerrado ralo, 1111 individuals were sampled and distributed in 34 species, 30 genera and 23 families. The density for this type of vegetation was 556 ind.ha-1 and the basal area was 3,45 m2.ha-1. Local diversity estimated by Shannon-Wiener index was 2.90 in the cerrado t?pico and 1.97 in the cerrado ralo. Based on accuracy measurements and residual distribution, the equations from Schumacher and Hall models (logarithm) (R?= 93.53% Sxy= 44.92%) and Schumacher and Hall (R?= 94.55% Sxy= 30.50%) were respectively chosen to estimate the stocks of dry biomass and carbon in the woody compartment of the cerrado t?pico and cerrado ralo. The total aboveground biomass in cerrado t?pico was 19.30 t.ha-1, corresponding to a total stock of 9.65 t.ha-1 of carbon, where the woody compartment was responsible for most part of the stocks (56%), followed by leaf litter (25%) and herbaceous-shrubby (19%). In the cerrado ralo, the total aboveground biomass and carbon were respectively 12.99 t.ha-1 and 6.50 t.ha-1. In these cerrado it was observed that most part of the stocks is concentrated in the herbaceous-shrubby compartment (42%), which is composed predominantly of grasses, where the woody compartment accounted for the lowest share of the stocks (27%), followed by the leaf litter (29%). Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o componente arb?reo e estimar os estoques a?reos totais de biomassa seca e carbono presentes em duas fitofisionomias sav?nicas do bioma Cerrado, sendo elas o Cerrado T?pico e o Cerrado Ralo. As ?reas de estudo est?o localizadas no munic?pio de Jaborandi, oeste baiano, na ecorregi?o do M?dio S?o Francisco, onde se desenvolvem sobre a Forma??o Urucuia. Para caracteriza??o das fitofisionomias foram amostrados todos os indiv?duos lenhosos com di?metro ? 30 cm da altura da base (D30cm ? 5 cm) presentes em dois hectares de ?rea amostral, composta por 20 parcelas de 1000 m2 (20 m x 50 m), dispostas aleatoriamente em cada uma das ?reas estudadas. Amostras destrutivas foram tomadasem campo para a quantifica??o da biomassa armazenada nos compartimentos arb?reo, herb?ceo-arbustivo e serrapilheira dos dois cerrados estudados. A amostragem dos compartimentos herb?ceo-arbustivo e serrapilheira foi realizada por 20 parcelas respectivamente de 4 m2 (2 x 2 m) e 1 m2 (1 x 1 m), dispostas arbitrariamente nas ?reas estudadas. Para amostragem do compartimento arb?reo foram cortadas e pesadas 90 ?rvores no Cerrado T?pico e 60 ?rvores no Cerrado Ralo, possibilitando o ajuste de modelos matem?ticos para estimativa dos estoques de biomassa seca e carbono do compartimento arb?reo dessas fitofisionomias. No Cerrado T?pico foram encontrados 1903 indiv?duos lenhosos (952 ind.ha-1), com ?rea basal total de 7,85 m2.ha-1, distribu?dos em 57 esp?cies pertencentes a 41 g?neros e 23 fam?lias. No Cerrado Ralo foram encontrados 1111 indiv?duos distribu?dos em 34 esp?cies, 30 g?neros e 23 fam?lias. A densidade para esta fitofisionomia foi de 556 ind. ha-1 e a ?rea basal de 3,45m2.ha-1. A diversidade local, estimada pelo ?ndice de Shannon foi de 2,90 no Cerrado T?pico e de 1,97 no Cerrado Ralo .Com base nas medidas de precis?o e distribui??o residual, as equa??es provenientes dos modelos de Schumacher e Hall (logaritimizada) (R2= 93,53% Sxy= 44,92%) e Schumacher e Hall (R2= 94,55% Sxy= 30,50%) foram respectivamente escolhidas para estimar os estoques de biomassa seca e carbono no compartimento arb?reo do Cerrado T?pico e Cerrado Ralo. A biomassa a?rea total no Cerrado T?pico foi de 19,30 t.ha-1, correspondendo ao estoque total de 9,65 t.ha-1 de carbono, onde o compartimento arb?reo foi respons?vel pela maior parte (56%), seguido da serrapilheira (25%) e herb?ceo-arbustivo (19%). No Cerrado Ralo, os estoques a?reos totais de biomassa e carbono foram respectivamente de 12,99 t.ha-1 e 6,50 t.ha-1. Nesta fitofisionomia observou-se que a maior parte dos estoques est? concentrada no compartimento herb?ceo-arbustivo (42%), o qual ? composto predominantemente por gram?neas, onde o compartimento arb?reo respondeu pela menor parte dos estoques (27%), prescedido da serrapilheira (29%).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-03T13:11:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-09-01Bitstream added on 2014-12-03T13:22:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000326852000010.pdf: 533750 bytes, checksum: 000304e44cfb73af3ead4411749bd9e9 (MD5) Knowing the attributes of the most suitable species to overcome the obstacles in different environmental conditions is an important tool for ecological restoration. To evaluate the comparative performance of native Cerrado species being cultivated at an arboretum (Assis State Forest, Assis, SP, Brazil), we categorized 106 species by the following attributes: average annual increment in height and crown diameter, survival rates, frequency of herbivory, frost susceptibility and seed dispersal syndrome. The score of each attribute may vary from 1 to 3, and the value of a species for restoration was generated from the sum of the scores for the different attributes converted to the scale of 0 to 100. Analyzing the species altogether, survival was 70%, the average annual increment was 30 cm in height and 21 cm in crown diameter. Only 8% of the species showed high susceptibility to frost and 17% high frequency of herbivory. Eighteen species had scores above 80, being the first Annona crassiflora, Cecropia pachystachya, Enterolobium gummiferum, Plathymenia reticulata e Protium heptaphyllum. In this group are the species that gather the highest number of favorable attributes for the restoration of Cerrado vegetation. We generated two separate lists of ten species of higher value, one for the cerrado sensu stricto and the other for cerradao the forest type of cerrado vegetation. We believe that using these species accelerates the recovery of vegetation structure and thus provide the restoration of ecological processes of ecosystems undergoing restoration. At the end of the list are species of low scores, which, if used, can lead to higher costs or delay in the recovery of structure and ecological processes of the ecosystem being restored. Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-19806900 Assis, SP, Brazil Floresta Estadual Assis, Inst Florestal, BR-19802970 Assis, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-19806900 Assis, SP, Brazil