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The article provides information on the creation and research of mobile systems based on wheeled platforms using lever-articulated suspensions. An analysis of existing information in this area was carried out, and the advantages and disadvantages of the arrangement of suspensions with multi-link joints were revealed. Based on the analysis and theoretical justification, an improved model of a mobile wheel system with a multi-link linkage suspension is proposed. The changes made in the design of the mobile platform are described, and a comparative analysis of the old and new models is carried out. The results of the design solutions given by the authors are summed up, and the positive effect of the practical application of these solutions is summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xylose is an abundant, inexpensive and readily available carbohydrate common in minimally processed feedstocks such as seaweed and algae. While a wide variety of marine microbes have evolved to utilize seaweed and algae, only a few currently have the requisite characteristics and genetic engineering tools necessary to entertain the use of these underutilized feedstocks. The rapidly growing Gram‐negative halophilic bacterium Vibrio natriegens is one such chassis. In this study, we engineered and tested xylose induction in V. natriegens as a tool for scalable bioproduction applications. First, we created a sensing construct based on the xylose operon from Escherichia coli MG1665 and measured its activity using a fluorescent reporter and identified that cellular import plays a key role in induction strength and that expression required the XylR transcription factor. Next, we identified that select deletions of the promoter region enhance gene expression, limiting the effect of carbohydrate repression when xylose is used as an inducer in the presence of industrially relevant carbon sources. Lastly, we used the optimized constructs to produce the biopolymer melanin using seawater mimetic media. One of these formulations utilized a nori‐based seaweed extract as an inducer and demonstrated melanin yields comparable to previously optimized methods using a more traditional and costly inducer. Together, the results demonstrate that engineering xylose induction in V. natriegens can provide an effective and lower cost option for timed biosynthesis in scalable biomanufacturing applications using renewable feedstocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China's Yangtze River and Yellow River basin cotton-growing regions, the complex terrain, scattered planting areas, and poor adaptability of the existing machinery have led to a mechanized cotton harvesting rate of less than 10%. To address this issue, we designed a crawler chassis for a brush-roller cotton harvester. It is specifically tailored to meet the 76 cm row spacing agronomic requirement. We also conducted a theoretical analysis of the power transmission system for the crawler chassis. Initially, we considered the terrain characteristics of China's inland cotton-growing regions and the current cotton agronomy practices. Based on these, we selected and designed the power system and chassis; then, a finite element static analysis was carried out on the chassis frame to ensure safety during operation; finally, field tests on the harvester's operability, stability, and speed were carried out. The results show that the inverted trapezoidal crawler walking device, combined with a hydraulic continuously variable transmission and rear-drive design, enhances the crawler's passability. The crawler parameters included a ground contact length of 1650 mm, a maximum ground clearance of 270 mm, a maximum operating speed of 6.1 km/h, and an actual turning radius of 2300 mm. The maximum deformation of the frame was 2.198 mm, the deformation of the walking chassis was 1.0716 mm, the maximum equivalent stress was 216.96 MPa, and the average equivalent stress of the entire frame was 5.6356 MPa, which complies with the physical properties of the selected material, Q235. The designed cotton harvester crawler chassis features stable straight-line and steering performance. The vehicle's speed can be adjusted based on the complexity of the terrain, with timely steering responses, minimal compaction on cotton, and reduced soil damage, meeting the requirements for mechanized harvesting in China's inland small plots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the author replaced the leaf-spring suspension system with an air suspension system to reduce the chassis' dynamic load, evaluating the chassis' durability when using two suspension systems to complete the structure of the multi-purpose forest fire-fighting vehicle. The author uses Ansys software to build a finite element model of a multi-purpose forest fire-fighting vehicle chassis, evaluates its fatigue strength under dynamic loads from previous research, and proposes a structural improvement plan to extend its life chassis. The dynamic load acting on the chassis as an input parameter for the calculation is used from the research results. Fatigue test results utilizing Ansys software with dynamic load computed in moving conditions on ISO roads class E and F with leaf-spring and air suspension systems demonstrate that the original chassis is not robust. After enhancing the chassis structure, the texturing region around the fatigue point has increased (raising the corner radius). As a result, the chassis weight increased by 35.15 kg and the minimum fatigue cycle was larger than 106 cycles while employing the air suspension system. The durability study suggested increasing the corner radius at the fatigue point to strengthen the chassis structure. The stress concentration radius is gradually increased from 5 to 10 mm to enhance material thickness and chassis fatigue cycles. These findings can be used to provide a scientific method for calculating and assessing the durability of car chassis and shell details, helping Vietnam's auto sector grow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractOxygenic photosynthesis in microalgae and cyanobacteria is considered an important chassis to accelerate energy transition and mitigate global warming. Currently, cultivation systems for photosynthetic microbes for large-scale applications encountered excessive light exposure stress. High light stress can: affect photosynthetic efficiency, reduce productivity, limit cell growth, and even cause cell death. Deciphering photoprotection mechanisms and constructing high-light tolerant chassis have been recent research focuses. In this review, we first briefly introduce the self-protection mechanisms of common microalgae and cyanobacteria in response to high light stress. These mechanisms mainly include: avoiding excess light absorption, dissipating excess excitation energy, quenching excessive high-energy electrons, ROS detoxification, and PSII repair. We focus on the species-specific differences in these mechanisms as well as recent advancements. Then, we review engineering strategies for creating high-light tolerant chassis, such as: reducing the size of the light-harvesting antenna, optimizing non-photochemical quenching, optimizing photosynthetic electron transport, and enhancing PSII repair. Finally, we propose a comprehensive exploration of mechanisms: underlying identified high light tolerant chassis, identification of new genes pertinent to high light tolerance using innovative methodologies, harnessing CRISPR systems and artificial intelligence for chassis engineering modification, and introducing plant photoprotection mechanisms as future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is aimed at upgrading the passenger car's front inner bumper. The dynamic explicit time-stepping method IMPACT was used to conduct the impact analysis. The programme was first evaluated against experimental findings for beams subjected to impacts at low loads. The deviation between the simulated and experimental findings of the deflected beam ranged from 1.6% to 9.5%. The genuine bumper was subjected to two different kinds of impact simulations. The data were used as a standard against which to compare future bumper improvements. Internal energy absorption is much higher in all the conditions. All three designs are able to absorb more energy without changing their overall performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteria with streamlined genomes, that harbor full functional genes for essential metabolic networks, are able to synthesize the desired products more effectively and thus have advantages as production platforms in industrial applications. To obtain streamlined chassis genomes, a large amount of effort has been made to reduce existing bacterial genomes. This work falls into two categories: rational and random reduction. The identification of essential gene sets and the emergence of various genome-deletion techniques have greatly promoted genome reduction in many bacteria over the past few decades. Some of the constructed genomes possessed desirable properties for industrial applications, such as: increased genome stability, transformation capacity, cell growth, and biomaterial productivity. The decreased growth and perturbations in physiological phenotype of some genome-reduced strains may limit their applications as optimized cell factories. This review presents an assessment of the advancements made to date in bacterial genome reduction to construct optimal chassis for synthetic biology, including: the identification of essential gene sets, the genome-deletion techniques, the properties and industrial applications of artificially streamlined genomes, the obstacles encountered in constructing reduced genomes, and the future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lotus root is one of the most popular food products in the stem of the lotus plant in Asia areas. Mechanical excavators of lotus roots can be expected to save the cost and labor intensity. However, the existing track float self-propelled excavator cannot fully meet the large-scale production, due to the large overall weight. There are also some difficulties in climbing, turning, and slipping vehicles in the field. In this study, the skid support device was designed to treat the high driving resistance and excess sinking of the crawler float-type excavator of lotus root. The device was installed on both sides of the chassis and hydraulically driven up and down to adjust the position. The gravity of the whole machine was supported to reduce the grounding pressure and sinking depth of the crawler. The passability was also improved as well. The driving performance of the crawler float-type excavator chassis was evaluated after the skid support device was added. The chassis of the crawler float-type excavator was taken as the research object. A new model was also established for the driving resistance and tractive force of the chassis. Theoretical analysis was conducted on the extrusion force between the soil and the ground surface at the front of the skid. The sliding-cutting angle α and milter angle φ were determined to be the main structural parameters of the driving resistance. A skid scale model was constructed for the one-third of original size. The single-factor simulation was carried out using the driving speed and sinking depth in EDEM software. A systematic investigation was made on the influence of sliding-cutting angle α, milter angle φ, driving speed v and sinking depth on the forward resistance. The results showed that the forward resistance decreased with the increase of slip angle α, and milter angle φ, whereas, there was an increase with the increase of driving speed v, and sinking depth. The box-Behnken test was also carried out to explore the influence of slipcutting angle, milter angle and forward speed on forward resistance. The influencing factors were taken as the sliding-cutting angle α, milter angle φ, and driving speed v, while the forward resistance was the response index. It was found that the driving speed v shared a very significant effect on the forward resistance (P＜0.01). The significant effect of sliding-cutting angle α, milter angle φ, and the square term v2 of driving speed v on the advancing resistance (0.01＜ P＜ 0.05). The optimal combination of parameters was obtained for the skid structure. Specifically, the least forward resistance was achieved, when the sliding-cutting angle α was 40°, the milter angle φ was 70° and the driving speed v was 0.1 m/s. Correspondingly, the forward resistances were 66.09 and 82.28 N in the simulation and soil bin test, respectively. The soil bin test showed that the skid driving speed and sinking depth had very significant effects on the skid forward resistance (P＜0.01). The skid driving speed and sinking depth were also proportional to the forward resistance, indicating the consistence with the simulation. The field test was carried out on the crawler float-type excavator before and after the skid support device. The resistance torque of the driving motor was reduced by 6.51%, which were 182.15 and 170.30 N·m, respectively. The sinking depth of the chassis was 178.1 and 164.5 mm, respectively, which were reduced by 7.64% than before. The performance of the excavator was outstandingly improved after adding the skid support device. This finding can provide a strong reference for the walking device of the ground machine system in paddy fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myxobacteria are well known for multicellular social behaviors and valued for biosynthesis of natural products. Myxobacteria social behaviors such as clumping growth severely hamper strain cultivation and genetic manipulation. Using Myxococcus xanthus DK1622, we engineered Hu04, which is deficient in multicellular behavior and pigmentation. Hu04, while maintaining nutritional growth and a similar metabolic background, exhibits improved dispersed growth, streamlining operational procedures. It achieves high cell densities in culture and is promising for synthetic biology applications.

The development of sustainable processes is the most important basis to realize the shift from the fossil-fuel based industry to bio-based production. Non-model microbes represent a great resource due to their advantageous traits and unique repertoire of bioproducts. However, most of these microbes require modifications to improve their growth and production capacities as well as robustness in terms of genetic stability. For this, genome reduction is a valuable and powerful approach to meet industry requirements and to design highly efficient production strains. Here, we provide an overview of various genome reduction approaches in prokaryotic microorganisms, with a focus on non-model organisms, and highlight the example of a successful genome-reduced model organism chassis. Furthermore, we discuss the advances and challenges of promising non-model microbial chassis.

Aerial working platforms are widely used to transport personnel and equipment to a specified height. To ensure operation stability, their chassis are supported on the ground by a four-legged outrigger system before use. At present, leveling of an aerial working platform is manually conducted, resulting in low accuracy, low efficiency, poor robustness, and poor adaptability. In response to this, a battery-electric drive-electric control integrated aerial working chassis is proposed at first. Then the attitude and load coupling control model proposed by our team is applied to design its integrated control system. Finally, performance tests of the control system and comparisons with the traditional point-chasing method are studied. Results show that the aerial working chassis and the control system can rapidly and synchronously realize the geometry leveling and load homogenization of the chassis, thus having potential values to be promoted to special vehicles with leveling requirements. A battery-electric drive-electric control integrated aerial working chassis is proposed. The coupling control model of geometric leveling and load distribution proposed by our team is applied to chassis Performance tests of the control system and comparisons with traditional point chasing method are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marine bacterium Streptomyces sp. HNS054 shows promise as a platform for producing natural products. Isolated from a marine sponge, HNS054 possesses several desirable traits for bioengineering: rapid growth, salt tolerance, and compatibility with genetic tools. Its genome contains 21 potential biosynthetic gene clusters, offering a rich source of natural products. We successfully engineered HNS054 to increase the production of aborycin and actinorhodin by 4.5-fold and 1.2-fold, respectively, compared to S. coelicolor M1346 counterparts. With its unique features and amenability to genetic manipulation, HNS054 emerges as a promising candidate for developing novel marine-derived drugs and other valuable compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lateral forces acting on the tires generate jack-up/down forces and the forces raise or lower the vehicle body depending on the arm angles of the suspension. However, the effect and mechanism of suspension jacking force on vehicle behavior had not been clear, and it had not been possible to determine whether the jacking characteristics are appropriate or not. In this paper, a vehicle model that incorporates suspension's kinematics equivalent 3-link model into a 5-DOF model was constructed. Using the model, simulation analysis were conducted with various combinations of roll center height and virtual arm lengths and the effects of the jacking characteristics caused by transient steering on the planar motion were clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China’s Yangtze River and Yellow River basin cotton-growing regions, the complex terrain, scattered planting areas, and poor adaptability of the existing machinery have led to a mechanized cotton harvesting rate of less than 10%. To address this issue, we designed a crawler chassis for a brush-roller cotton harvester. It is specifically tailored to meet the 76 cm row spacing agronomic requirement. We also conducted a theoretical analysis of the power transmission system for the crawler chassis. Initially, we considered the terrain characteristics of China’s inland cotton-growing regions and the current cotton agronomy practices. Based on these, we selected and designed the power system and chassis; then, a finite element static analysis was carried out on the chassis frame to ensure safety during operation; finally, field tests on the harvester’s operability, stability, and speed were carried out. The results show that the inverted trapezoidal crawler walking device, combined with a hydraulic continuously variable transmission and rear-drive design, enhances the crawler’s passability. The crawler parameters included a ground contact length of 1650 mm, a maximum ground clearance of 270 mm, a maximum operating speed of 6.1 km/h, and an actual turning radius of 2300 mm. The maximum deformation of the frame was 2.198 mm, the deformation of the walking chassis was 1.0716 mm, the maximum equivalent stress was 216.96 MPa, and the average equivalent stress of the entire frame was 5.6356 MPa, which complies with the physical properties of the selected material, Q235. The designed cotton harvester crawler chassis features stable straight-line and steering performance. The vehicle’s speed can be adjusted based on the complexity of the terrain, with timely steering responses, minimal compaction on cotton, and reduced soil damage, meeting the requirements for mechanized harvesting in China’s inland small plots.

The demand for highly robust and metabolically versatile microbes is of utmost importance for replacing fossil-based processes with biotechnological ones. Such an example is the implementation of Paenibacillus polymyxa DSM 365 as a novel platform organism for the production of value-added products such as 2,3-butanediol or exopolysaccharides. For this, a complete genome sequence is the first requirement towards further developing this host towards a microbial chassis. A genome sequencing project has just been reported for P. polymyxa DSM 365 showing a size of 5,788,318 bp with a total of 47 contigs. Herein, we report the first complete genome sequence of P. polymyxa DSM 365, which consists of 5,889,536 bp with 45 RNAs, 106 tRNAs, 5,370 coding sequences and an average GC content of 45.6%, resulting in a closed genome of P. polymyxa 365. The additional nucleotide data revealed a novel NRPS synthetase that may contribute to the production of tridecaptin. Building on these findings, we initiated the top-down construction of a chassis variant of P. polymyxa. In the first stage, single knock-out mutants of non-essential genomic regions were created and evaluated for their biological fitness. As a result, two out of 18 variants showed impaired growth. The remaining deletion mutants were combined in two genome-reduced P. polymyxa variants which either lack the production of endogenous biosynthetic gene clusters (GR1) or non-essential genomic regions including the insertion sequence ISPap1 (GR2), with a decrease of the native genome of 3.0% and 0.6%, respectively. Both variants, GR1 and GR2, showed identical growth characteristics to the wild-type. Endpoint titers of 2,3-butanediol and EPS production were also unaffected, validating these genome-reduced strains as suitable for further genetic engineering.

As the number of elderly people increases, the demand for electric wheelchairs is increasing. Among them is a joystick-type 6-wheel electric wheelchair. It has three wheels, the central wheel of which is the driving wheel in side view. This structure allows the left and right drive wheels to rotate in the opposite direction, resulting in an extremely small turning radius compared to other types. On the other hand, it is difficult to ensure the grounding performance of the wheels, including the drive wheels, due to changes in the road surface outdoors because it has 6 wheels, so it is mainly intended for indoor use. In this paper, I studied how to improve the grounding performance of the drive wheels and other wheels by using a newly devised passive link. I devised a parallel double rocker link mechanism that connects six wheels with four sets of rocker links. I found a way to improve it. As a result, it was confirmed that the prototype vehicle using the parallel double rocker link satisfies the JIS requirements.

ABSTRACT Robust chassis are critical to facilitate advances in synthetic biology. This study describes a comprehensive characterization of a new yeast isolate Saccharomyces cerevisiae XP that grows faster than commonly used research and industrial S. cerevisiae strains. The genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses suggest that the fast growth rate is, in part, due to the efficient electron transport chain and key growth factor synthesis. A toolbox for genetic manipulation of the yeast was developed; we used it to construct l-lactic acid producers for high lactate production. The development of genetically malleable yeast strains that grow faster than currently used strains may significantly enhance the uses of S. cerevisiae in biotechnology.IMPORTANCEYeast is known as an outstanding starting strain for constructing microbial cell factories. However, its growth rate restricts its application. A yeast strain XP, which grows fast in high concentrations of sugar and acidic environments, is revealed to demonstrate the potential in industrial applications. A toolbox was also built for its genetic manipulation including gene insertion, deletion, and ploidy transformation. The knowledge of its metabolism, which could guide the designing of genetic experiments, was generated with multi-omics analyses. This novel strain along with its toolbox was then tested by constructing an l-lactic acid efficient producer, which is conducive to the development of degradable plastics. This study highlights the remarkable competence of nonconventional yeast for applications in biotechnology.

Featured Application: The results obtained in the study were used by the designers of the racing car with which the Transilvania University of Brașov participated in the Student Formula competitions. During car races, strong vibrations appear in the chassis of the vehicle, due to the high power created by the engine which are then transmitted and, therefore, affect the driver's condition. The study of these vibrations is a subject frequently addressed by researchers, analyzing the influence of different parameters on the forces to which the pilot's body or certain sensitive body parts are subjected. In this paper, we analyze the particular case of a racing car made to meet safety requirements in the event of an accident. For the analysis of the forced vibrations induced by the running track, the finite element method was used. This method proved to be a useful and stable modeling and analysis method, validated by practical applications. A standard-equipped racing car with a mannequin inside was studied. Once the natural frequencies of the structure were determined, the response of some points of the mannequin's body to the movement caused by the running track or the engine was analyzed. Modeling and discretization were performed using well-known classical procedures. The obtained results revealed the parameters that can negatively influence the body of the mannequin which were communicated to the design team. The conclusion of this study is a racing car that was successfully used in Formula Student competitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zymomonas mobilis is an emerging chassis for being engineered to produce bulk products due to its unique glycolysis through the Entner–Doudoroff pathway with less ATP produced for lower biomass accumulation and higher product yield. When self‐flocculated, the bacterial cells are more productive, since they can self‐immobilize within bioreactors for high density, and are more tolerant to stresses for higher product titers, but this morphology needs to be controlled properly to avoid internal mass transfer limitation associated with their strong self‐flocculation. Herewith we explored the regulation of cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c‐di‐GMP) on self‐flocculation of the bacterial cells through activating cellulose biosynthesis. While ZMO1365 and ZMO0919 with GGDEF domains for diguanylate cyclase activity catalyze c‐di‐GMP biosynthesis, ZMO1487 with an EAL domain for phosphodiesterase activity catalyzes c‐di‐GMP degradation, but ZMO1055 and ZMO0401 contain the dual domains with phosphodiesterase activity predominated. Since c‐di‐GMP is synthesized from GTP, the intracellular accumulation of this signal molecule through deactivating phosphodiesterase activity is preferred for activating cellulose biosynthesis to flocculate the bacterial cells, because such a strategy exerts less perturbance on intracellular processes regulated by GTP. These discoveries are significant for not only engineering unicellular Z. mobilis strains with the self‐flocculating morphology to boost production but also understanding mechanism underlying c‐di‐GMP biosynthesis and degradation in the bacterium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is aimed at upgrading the passenger car’s front inner bumper. The dynamic explicit time-stepping method IMPACT was used to conduct the impact analysis. The programme was first evaluated against experimental findings for beams subjected to impacts at low loads. The deviation between the simulated and experimental findings of the deflected beam ranged from 1.6% to 9.5%. The genuine bumper was subjected to two different kinds of impact simulations. The data were used as a standard against which to compare future bumper improvements. Internal energy absorption is much higher in all the conditions. All three designs are able to absorb more energy without changing their overall performance.

This research paper explores the development of selective harvesting technology for cauliflower, aiming to improve efficiency and reduce labor-intensive manual harvesting methods. The study focuses on determining the design parameters for an efficient selective cauliflower harvester based on the physical and mechanical properties of cauliflower plants. Various physical properties of the plants, such as width, height, curd diameter, and stalk moisture content, were measured to provide valuable insights for the advancement of agricultural robotics and engineering. The research aims to contribute to the development of advanced selective harvesting technologies and enhance overall crop productivity. [Extracted from the article]

Aerodynamic characteristics are of great significance to the fuel economy and handling the stability of electric vehicles. The battery pack of electric vehicles has a huge structure and is usually arranged in the chassis area of the vehicle, which inevitably occupies the space at the bottom of the vehicle and affects the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle. To study the effect of the power battery pack installed in the chassis on the aerodynamics characteristics of the electric vehicle, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is used to study the flow and pressure fields of the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) hierarchical car model with battery packs mounted on chassis. The influence of the structure parameters of the battery pack on the automobile's aerodynamics are also analyzed in detail. Based on the simulation results, it can be seen that the battery pack installed on the chassis has a great impact on the flow and pressure field at the bottom and tail of the vehicle, causing the drag coefficient and lift coefficient to increase. The structural parameters of the battery pack have contradictory effects on the drag and lift coefficients. As the length of the battery pack increases, the drag coefficient decreases, and the lift coefficient increases. As the battery pack width and height increase, the drag coefficient increases, and the lift coefficient decreases. The research results provide a reference for the optimization of the aerodynamic characteristics of electric vehicles with battery packs mounted on chassis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The advancement of automotive technology is rapid in this era, as evidenced by the existence of autopilot vehicles that have been developed by a scientist. This progress is balanced with the knowledge that continues to develop in the world of education. Many prestigious automotive competitions are held to be a venue for student creativity and research in developing automotive technology, one of which is the Formula Student SAE. This is the background of a study to develop an engineered electric vehicle chassis, especially in Formula Student. This study aims to produce a chassis design that has torsional rigidity based on the selection of materials that have stiffness, strength, lightweight, and optimization of material cost. The structure of the vehicle was designed following Formula Student SAE regulations. To select material, initial screening was used by the Ashby method which produce 4 material types. Optimum of selecting the material used the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. Meanwhile, chassis with material selected was analyzed by using Solidworks Simulation Education software. The results of this study produced Aluminum Alloys 7075-T6 material and torsional rigidity value of 552.65 x 103 Nmm/degree of chassis, which could achieve the minimum torsional rigidity value set at 500 x 103 Nmm/degree.

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Nowadays, Engineers are actively seeking to improve construction materials and properties. In that, the usage of the castellated beam is become very popular due to its advantageous structural applications. In existing researches are described the presence of large openings in the web that creates different mechanical behaviour compared to strong web beams. While it does not deal with the behaviour of the shear strength performances of the castellated beam, which is due to the limitations on maximum allowable deflections by welding stiffeners. Therefore, this research analysis intends on augmentation of shear strength in castellated beam. Hence, the work incorporates shear stiffeners along with the web opening of the web adjacent to the shear region. Consequently, it leads to increase the shear strength of the castellated beam chassis with regard to cyclic loading and also efficiently reduce the deflection. In order to improve the behaviour of the castellated chassis beam, the study investigation providing the diagonal stiffeners on the web opening with the shear zone and thus compared to without stiffeners and vertical stiffeners. At last castellated beam and deflection effects with increased depth of web openings are analysed with the aid of Finite Element Analysis software ANSYS 16.0. From the experimental findings, the paper achieves the maximum deflection of forwarding and reverse cyclic loading is 7.7mm and 7.29mm respectively. This demonstrates the efficacy and the confines of the assorted studies of stiffening solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Recent advances in synthetic biology have transformed mushroom farming from a focus on traditional cultivation to comprehensive applications based on cutting-edge biotechnologies. Synthetic biology has promising applications in this field, including precision breeding, mining biosynthetic gene clusters, developing mushroom chassis cells, and constructing cell factories for high value-added products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University is the property of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Applying the reliability concept as a new and profitable design approach can optimize the design and manufacturing of tillage machines. In this study, the Monte Carlo method was used to perform reliability analysis on the whole chassis of a moldboard plow. For this, a complete model of a three-bottom moldboard plow was assumed as the limit mode function. Stochastic soil parameters were applied and the interaction forces of the plow with soil were simulated with finite element method (FEM). The desired output was the soil reaction forces on the plow at the most critical plowing speed and depth. Then, by applying the forces obtained from the FEM model and considering Young's modulus of the chassis as a random variable, chassis static analysis was performed in different iterations and the stress concentration at different locations was determined. The probability of failure (Pf) and reliability index (β) of different locations of chassis were calculated. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation showed that the highest Pf occurred in crossbars, standards, braces and, masts with the values of 1, 0.296, 0.165 and, 0.033, respectively, which indicates the uncertainty of the design in these parts and the needs to strengthen or optimize the aforementioned parts of the moldboard plow chassis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a greenhouse tomato picking robot chassis that meets the path cruising and setpoint positioning requirements of robots engaged in greenhouse tomato picking operations in China is designed. Based on the trellis-cultivation growing environment of tomatoes, the basic parameters of the chassis and operating space are analyzed to determine the chassis requirements during picking operations. According to these requirements, a kinematic model of a robot chassis with front-wheel steering and rear-wheel driving is constructed, and the planar positioning principle of the chassis is introduced. SOLIDWORKS is used to simulate and design three-dimensional models of the chassis parts, and the ANSYS WORKBENCH plug-in is used to simulate and analyze the bearing performance of key chassis components. ADAMS is used to simulate and evaluate the motion trajectory of the chassis, and the reasonableness of parameters such as the chassis size, selected materials, and load-bearing performance are verified. Based on the simulation results, a physical system is constructed to experimentally verify the straight-line motion and steering performance of the chassis. The experimental results show that the chassis has good cruising and positioning accuracy and meets the specific requirements of path cruising and setpoint positioning in greenhouse tomato picking operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)