1. Gender stereotypes of personality : universal and accurate?
- Author
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Margarida Lima, Lei Wang, Wayne Chan, Iris Marušić, Jean Pierre Rolland, Marleen De Bolle, Vanina Schmidt, Martina Hřebíčková, Daniel R. Miramontez, Emília Ficková, Nora Leibovich de Figueora, Thomas R. Cain, Barbara Szmigielska, Anu Realo, Florence Nansubuga, Hyun nie Ahn, Jerzy Siuta, Jérôme Rossier, Verónica Benet-Martínez, Katsuharu Nakazato, Robert R. McCrae, Jarret T. Crawford, Waldemar Klinkosz, Antonio Terracciano, Maria E. Aguilar-Vafaie, Yoshiko Shimonaka, Khairul Anwar Mastor, Goran Knežević, Corinna E. Löckenhoff, Mirona Gheorghiu, Mami Yamaguchi, Jüri Allik, Chang kyu Ahn, Claudio Barbaranelli, Denis Bratko, Peter B. Smith, Thomas A. Martin, Lee Jussim, Marina Brunner-Sciarra, Sylvie Graf, Michelle Yik, Filip De Fruyt, Tatyana V. Avdeyeva, Franco Simonetti, Angelina R. Sutin, Lidia Alcalay, V. S. Pramila, Jamin Halberstadt, Paul T. Costa, Jane Shakespeare-Finch, and Andrzej Sekowski
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Agreeableness ,FIVE-FACTOR MODEL ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.01.00 [https] ,elderly [developmental] ,SEX DIFFERENCES ,Developmental psychology ,CIENCIAS SOCIALES ,5. Gender equality ,Openness to experience ,Personality ,Big Five personality traits ,10. No inequality ,media_common ,Extraversion and introversion ,BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS ,child/adolescent [developmental] ,CROSS-CULTURAL ,Otras Psicología ,Conscientiousness ,16. Peace & justice ,gender/sex roles ,Neuroticism ,gender stereotypes ,personality ,five-factor model ,Psicología ,Gender psychology ,Anthropology ,Psychology - Abstract
Numerous studies have documented subtle but consistent sex differences in self-reports and observer-ratings of five-factor personality traits, and such effects were found to show welldefined developmental trajectories and remarkable similarity across nations. In contrast, very little is known about perceived gender differences in five-factor traits in spite of their potential implications for gender biases at the interpersonal and societal level. In particular, it is not clear how perceived gender differences in five-factor personality vary across age groups and national contexts and to what extent they accurately reflect assessed sex differences in personality. To address these questions, we analyzed responses from 3,323 individuals across 26 nations (mean age = 22.3 years, 31% male) who were asked to rate the five-factor personality traits of typical men or women in three age groups (adolescent, adult, and older adult) in their respective nations. Raters perceived women as slightly higher in openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness as well as some aspects of extraversion and neuroticism. Perceived gender differences were fairly consistent across nations and target age groups and mapped closely onto assessed sex differences in self- and observer-rated personality. Associations between the average size of perceived gender differences and national variations in sociodemographic characteristics, value systems, or gender equality did not reach statistical significance. Findings contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of gender stereotypes of personality and suggest that perceptions of actual sex differences may play a more important role than culturally based gender roles and socialization processes. Fil: Löckenhoff, Corinna E.. Cornell University.; Estados Unidos Fil: Chan, Wayne. Rutgers University; Estados Unidos Fil: McCrae, Robert R.. No especifíca; Fil: De Fruyt, Filip. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Jussim, Lee. Rutgers University; Estados Unidos Fil: De Bolle, Marleen. University of Ghent; Bélgica Fil: Costa Jr, Paul T.. University of Duke; Estados Unidos Fil: Sutin, Angelina R.. Florida State University; Estados Unidos Fil: Realo, Anu. University Of Tartu.; Estonia Fil: Allik, Jüri. University Of Tartu.; Estonia. Estonian Academy of Sciences; Estonia Fil: Nakazato, Katsuharu. Tokyo University of Social Welfare; Japón Fil: Shimonaka, Yoshiko. Bunkyo Gakuin University; Japón Fil: Hřebíčková, Martina. Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; República Checa Fil: Graf, Sylvie. Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; República Checa Fil: Yik, Michelle. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; China Fil: Ficková, Emília. Slovak Academy of Sciences; Eslovaquia Fil: Brunner Sciarra, Marina. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; Perú Fil: Leibovich, Nora Blanca. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Schmidt, Vanina Ines. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ahn, Chang Kyu. Pusan National University; Corea del Sur Fil: Ahn, Hyun Nie. Ewha Womans University; Corea del Sur Fil: Aguilar Vafaie, María E.. Tarbiat Modares University; Irán Fil: Siuta, Jerzy. Jagiellonian University; Polonia Fil: Szmigielska, Barbara. Hampshire College; Estados Unidos Fil: Cain, Thomas R.. Hampshire College; Estados Unidos Fil: Crawford, Jarret T.. The College of New Jersey; Estados Unidos Fil: Anwar Mastor, Khairul. Universiti Kebangsaan; Malasia Fil: Rolland, Jean Pierre. Universite Paris Ouest Nanterre la Defense; Francia Fil: Nansubuga, Florence. Makerere University; Uganda Fil: Miramontez, Daniel R.. San Diego Community College District; Estados Unidos Fil: Benet Martínez, Veronica. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; España Fil: Rossier, Jérôme. Universite de Lausanne; Suiza Fil: Bratko, Denis. University of Zagreb; Croacia Fil: Marušić, Iris. Institute for Social Research in Zagreb; Croacia Fil: Halberstadt, Jamin. University of Otago; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Yamaguchi, Mami. University of Otago; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Knežević, Goran. Belgrade University; Serbia Fil: Martin, Thomas A.. Susquehanna University; Estados Unidos Fil: Gheorghiu, Mirona. The Queen's University Belfast; Irlanda Fil: Smith, Peter B.. University of Sussex; Reino Unido Fil: Barbaranelli, Claudio. Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza"; Italia Fil: Wang, Lei. Peking University; China Fil: Shakespeare Finch, Jane. Queensland University of Technology; Australia Fil: Lima, Margarida P.. Universidad de Coimbra; Portugal Fil: Klinkosz, Waldemar. The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin; Polonia Fil: Sekowski, Andrzej. The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin; Polonia Fil: Alcalay, Lidia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile Fil: Simonetti, Franco Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile Fil: Avdeyeva, Tatyana V.. University of St. Thomas; Estados Unidos Fil: Pramila, V. S.. No especifíca; Fil: Terracciano, Antonio. Florida State University; Estados Unidos
- Published
- 2014