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The clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of chondromyxoid fibroma can sometimes resemble those of other benign or malignant tumors. Recently, recurrent GRM1 rearrangements have been identified in chondromyxoid fibroma, and GRM1 positivity by immunohistochemistry has emerged as a dependable surrogate marker for this molecular alteration. Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor is a rare tumor that often exhibits overexpression of fibroblastic growth factor 23 (FGF23) through various mechanisms. In this report, we present a case of GRM1 -rearranged chondromyxoid fibroma that also exhibited FGF23 expression via in situ hybridization, posing significant diagnostic challenges during workup of the initial core biopsy. We hope that this case can serve as an educational resource, shedding light on a rare diagnostic pitfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims Methods and results Conclusion Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare, benign bone tumour which arises primarily in young adults and is occasionally diagnostically challenging. Glutamate metabotropic receptor 1 (GRM1) gene encodes a metabotropic glutamate receptor and was recently shown to be up‐regulated in chondromyxoid fibroma through gene fusion and promoter swapping. The aim of this study was to interrogate cases of CMF for the presence of GRM1 gene rearrangements, gene fusions and GRM1 protein overexpression.Selected cases were subjected to testing by fluorescent in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) with a GRM1 break‐apart probe, a targeted RNA sequencing method and immunohistochemical study with an antibody to GRM1 protein. Two cases were subjected to whole transcriptomic sequencing. In 13 of 13 cases, GRM1 protein overexpression was detected by immunohistochemistry using the GRM1 antibody. Of the 12 cases successfully tested by FISH, nine of 12 showed GRM1 rearrangements by break‐apart probe assay. Targeted RNA sequencing analysis did not detect gene fusions in any of the eight cases tested, but there was an increase in GRM1 mRNA expression in all eight cases. Two cases subjected to whole transcriptomic sequencing (WTS) showed elevated GRM1 expression and no gene fusions.GRM1 gene rearrangements can be detected using FISH break‐apart probes in approximately 75% of cases, and immunohistochemical detection of GRM1 protein over‐expression is a sensitive diagnostic method. The gene fusion was not detected by targeted RNA sequencing, due most probably to the complexity of fusion mechanism, and is not yet a reliable method for confirming a diagnosis of CMF in the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is an extremely rare cartilaginous tumor, accounting for less than 1 % of benign bone tumor. Most CMFs are found in the metaphysis of long bones. This study aimed to present a patient with temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-CMF involving pterygopalatine space and the skull base, and to discuss its epidemiology, clinical characteristics and management thereof. A 56-year-old Chinese Han woman visited our hospital with a chief complaint of facial asymmetry and progressive limitation of mouth opening due to this mass expanding upwardly to the auriculotemporal region. A computed tomography presented the wormlike osteolysis of the right condylar head presenting with swelling, cloudy flocculent ground-glass opacity, relatively clear boundary, thin bone in the middle of the cranial fossa, low continuity, and involving the temporomandibular joint. Incisional biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of TMJ-CMF. Using digital technique to determine the boundary of the lesion and reconstruct the normal glenoid fossa, the temporalis myofascial flap was transplanted between titanium mesh and condyle so as to reconstruct the disk after complete resection of the tumor. The patient's facial profile is symmetrical, with a mouth opening of 45 mm; there was no local recurrence, no complications such as cerebrospinal fluid fistula and cerebral hernia during 1-year follow-up period. To date, a review of the literature yielded only one case occurred in the TMJ was previously evaluated by radiology. To our knowledge, this is the second case of primary CMF in the TMJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign cartilaginous tumor that accounts for less than 1% of all bone tumors and involves long bones of the lower extremities more frequently. Therefore, the clavicle is a rare location of involvement for this entity. Case Presentation: The authors report a case of a diaphyseal chondromyxoid fibroma of the right clavicle in a 30-year-old male that was submitted to en bloc resection of the lesion and reconstruction with an autologous tricortical graft from the iliac crest. The post-operative period was uneventful, and the patient had regained excellent function of this right shoulder. At 2 years of follow-up, there was no evidence of a recurrence of the disease. Conclusion: Chondromyxoid fibroma of the clavicle should be included in the differential diagnosis of an indolent growing mass in this anatomic location.

The chondromyxoid fibroma is a benign osseocartilaginous tumor histopathologically characterized by chondroid, fibrous, and myxoid tissues (Nazeer et al. in Skeltal Radiol 25:779–78, 1996). Its occurrence is quite rare, accounting for less than 0.5% of all bone tumors, with 1–5% of cases reported in the head and neck region. We report an unusual case of 25 years old male who presented with progressive swelling over dorsum of nose with bilateral nasal obstruction over 1 year. The histopathological examination was suggestive of chondromyxoid fibroma. The tumor was completely excised via open approach. We report this case owing to the rarity of the disease, sometimes masquerading as invasive/malignant pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare, benign tumor of the bone with excellent prognosis but a high rate of recurrence. We report a patient presenting with pain and a history of chondromyxoid fibroma of the distal left femur previously treated with multiple prior curettage and bone graft procedures. Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology indicated a recurrence of tumor. Due to the small size of the tumor recurrence and challenges associated with prior open surgery, the patient underwent cryoablation of the lesion with computed tomography guidance. Follow-up 18 months later indicated a resolution of pain and improvement on magnetic resonance imaging, and no concerns after 20 months. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of chondromyxoid fibroma treated with cryoablation. This case suggests cryoablation could be considered in the setting of recurrent chondromyxoid fibroma for local tumor control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case Presentation Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a relatively rare bone tumor of cartilaginous origin and it comprises less than 1% of all primary bony tumors. Clavicle is an unusual site of involvement for any bone tumor and may produce diagnostic dilemma. Approximately only 1% of all primary bone tumors may involve the clavicle. The literature on clinical features and outcome of CMF clavicle remains sparse.

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare benign bone tumour. While CMF located entirely on the surface of a bone (i.e. juxtacortical CMF) has been well characterised, CMF has not so far been convincingly documented to arise in soft tissues without connection to an underlying bone. We report a subcutaneous CMF in a 34-year-old male, located on the distal medial aspect of the right thigh without any connection with the femur. The tumour measured 15 mm, it was well-circumscribed and displayed typical morphological features of a CMF. At the periphery, there was a small area of metaplastic bone. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were diffusely positive for smooth muscle actin and GRM1, and negative for S100 protein, desmin and cytokeratin AE1AE3. Whole transcriptome sequencing revealed a novel PNISR::GRM1 gene fusion. Our case indicates that CMF should be included in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue (including subcutaneous) tumours composed of spindle/ovoid cells, with a lobular architecture and chondromyxoid matrix. The diagnosis of CMF arising in soft tissues can be confirmed by identifying a GRM1 gene fusion or GRM1 expression by immunohistochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondromyxoid fibroma is an unusual, benign bone tumour that is usually sited in the metaphyseal region of the long bones. It accounts for less than 1% of all bone tumours. It manifests predominantly in males in their second and third decades of life. Rarely, it occurs in the bones of the craniofacial skeleton. For small, lesions enucleation and curettage and for larger lesions, resection followed by are the treatment modalities available. Here, we present a case of chondromyxoid fibroma with respect to the right side of the mandible which was managed by surgical resection followed by reconstruction under general anaesthesia. Resection followed by reconstruction provides satisfactory outcomes, especially in cases with large lesions. Chondromyxoid fibroma is an asymptomatic, benign, slow-growing lesion but can rapidly expand and involve the greater area of bone. Thus, its detection at an early stage and treatment at the proper time can lead to less morbidity associated with the lesion and improved quality of life of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare bone tumor of cartilaginous origin, representing less than 1% of all bone tumors. It preferentially arises in the eccentric location of the metaphysis of a long tubular bone. Juxtacortical locations are reported infrequently in the long bones and even more rarely in short tubular bones, with only three cases documented. Here we present two new cases of juxtacortical chondromyxoid fibroma in the small bones. One was an intracortical osteolytic lesion of the metatarsal bone of the foot with degenerative atypia that histologically should be differentiated from chondrosarcoma. The other was a phalangeal mass protruding into the interphalangeal joint of the hand, which had been labeled mistakenly as a soft tissue mass preoperatively. These cases illustrated that chondromyxoid fibromas have various the manifestations and should be included in the differential diagnosis of an osteolytic lesion or an exophytic mass in the small bones.

This case report presents an exceedingly rare instance of skull base chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) managed surgically. Chondromyxoid fibromas are very rare tumors (<1% of benign bone tumors), the occurrence in the skull area being even more rare. The location of tumors at the skull base makes their surgical resection extremely challenging, usually resulting in subtotal resection (STR). One aspect that makes this case stand out is its unique clinical presentation, particularly the presence of epileptic seizures. Patients suffering from skull base CMFs must receive regular follow-up exams in order to track disease progress, maintain quality of life, and prevent further complications., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Toader et al.)

Background: The surgical resection of the tumor spreading into the cavernous sinus (CS) is complicated and challenging. Method: We report a left recurrent CS chondromyxoid fibroma occupying the clival-petrous apex-parasellar-suprasellar area, which was totally removed by the micro-endo combination technique via the middle cranial fossa extradural approach. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the value of the micro-endoscopic combination technique for complicated skull base surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Craniofacial chondromyxoid fibromas (CMFs) are a rare benign tumor of cartilaginous origin. They are commonly misdiagnosed due to the paucity of information on tumor characteristics. We performed a systematic review to characterize CMFs located in different regions of the craniofacial skeleton. A search of the literature was executed using the search phrase "chondromyxoid fibroma" and included articles from 1990–2020. Sixty-eight articles met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 91 patients with analyzable data (22 with calvarial and 69 with sinonasal tumor locations). Descriptive analyses were performed to compare pre-selected characteristics between the 2 groups. Sinonasal CMF frequently presented with cranial nerve palsy and expectedly had a high rate of nasal symptoms. Calvarial tumors frequently presented with an external mass and headache. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in a higher proportion of cases in the calvarial group versus the sinonasal group (83.3% vs. 53.1%). Overall recurrence rate at 17.7% was higher in sinonasal CMF compared with the calvarial tumors at 8.3%. Recurrences after GTR were similar in the sinonasal and calvarial groups (9.7% vs. 9.1%). In patients who did not achieve GTR, recurrence was higher in the sinonasal compared with the calvarial group (27.6% vs. 0%). Craniofacial CMF in calvarial and sinonasal locations have distinct clinical characteristics and response to treatment. Sinonasal lesions tend to have higher recurrence compared to calvarial CMF. Performance of GTR is associated with decreased recurrence in all CMFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Whether H3.3 K36M mutation (H3K36M) could be an approach if the diagnosis of chondroblastoma (CB) patients was indistinct and it was suspected to be unclear clinically. Methods We reviewed and compared our clinical experiences of CB cases and some suspected cases, which were not diagnosed distinctly, between 2013 to 2019. A total of 15 male and four female cases included in this study were seperated into two groups, CB group and suspected case (SC) group. The CB group included 13 men and 3 women, with an age range from 9 to 54 (mean age, 22 years old). The SC group included two men and one woman, with the age range from 13 to 25 (mean age, 19 years old). In both groups the patients had been followed‐up until December 2019 and none of the patients had prior treatment history. We evaluated the clinical complaints, radiological features, and clinical‐histological features of the cases and performed an immunohistochemical (IHC) study to detect whether the H3K36M expression of cases was different, consistent with a gene‐mutation analysis. Results In both groups, the radiologic features of both groups appeared as round low‐density shadow with a clear edge, pathologic features showed diffuse proliferation of neoplastic cells with multinuclear giant cells. The radiological tumor size of CB group and SC group showed little difference, which was about 29.0*21.6 mm. Clinical‐immunohistochemical features of both groups showed chondroid matrix inside with naïve tumor cells, multinucleated giant cells, and ground substance cells. Most of them showed chondro‐related antibody positive (12 cases) but some of them showed S‐100 negative (four cases). The clear difference of both groups was the result of H3K36M IHC study and gene analysis. In our cases, the CB group showed diffuse H3K36M positive and the SC group showed negative. The gene mutation analysis revealed that H3K36M‐positive CB patients had K36M mutation, which were not found in the SC group. Sanger sequencing showed an A > T substitution at codon 36 of histone H3F3B. No other types of histone H3 mutation was detected in the CB group. Particularly, one of the suspected cases showed a G34W mutation was confirmed to be a giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). Conclusions Our study showed H3K36M immunohistochemistry and gene mutation analysis were specific clinical diagnostic tools to distinguish suspected CB from other giant cell‐rich or cartilage matrix‐diffuse bone tumors. The clinical‐radiological and histomorphological features of patients gave suggestions on whether the H3K36M IHC and gene analysis should be required.

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a very rare entity, accounting for

Objective: Chondroblastoma is rare benign cartilage forming tumor of bone predominantly in individuals less than 20 years of age. Recently immunohistochemical marker DOG 1 has been reported to help in the diagnosis in difficult cases where histological features overlap with other similar entities. Current study aims to assess the sensitivity and specificity of DOG 1 in the diagnosis of chondroblastomas. Study design: descriptive cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: The study was conducted from June 2015 to July 2017 in Department of Histopathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan. Patients and methods: Total fifty-two patients were included in this study including 19 chondroblastomas, 21 giant cell tumors and 12 chondromyxoid fibromas. DOG 1 antibody was applied on all the cases Results: DOG 1 was positive in 100 % of cases of chondroblastomas. However, intensity and proportion of staining pattern was variable among them. 78% (n=15) cases showed diffuse moderate to strong expression while 22% (n=4) cases showed focal weak expression. Only 10% (n=2) cases of giant cell tumors and 33% (n=4) of chondromyxoid fibromas expressed focal weak expression for DOG 1. Conclusions: This study confirms 100 % expression of DOG 1 in cases of chondroblastomas but intensity and proportion of staining pattern was variable. Therefore DOG 1 may prove to be a useful immunohistochemical marker for diagnosis of chondroblastomas in the future in difficult cases in correlation with histological and radiological features.

Abstract Background Chondromyxoid fibroma-like osteosarcoma (CMF-OS) is an exceedingly rare subtype of low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCO), accounting for up to 10% of cases and making it difficult to diagnose. CMF-OS is frequently misdiagnosed on a radiological examination and biopsy, even after the initial operation. Its treatment is a controversial issue due to its low-grade classification and actual high-grade behavior. Case presentation We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of more than 2000 osteosarcoma patients between 2008 and 2019; 11 patients with CMF-OS were identified, of which six patients were treated by our institution with complete clinical characteristics, including treatment and prognosis, radiological and pathological features were reviewed. Three males and three females with a median age of 46 (range 22–56) years were pathologically proven to have CMF-OS. The radiological presentation of CMF-OS is variable, thus radiological misdiagnoses are common. However, one must not ignore a malignant radiologic appearance. The most distinctive pathological feature conferring the diagnosis of CMF-OS is the presence of osteoid production directly by the tumor cells under a chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF)-like background. Differential diagnoses based on comprehensive data from CMF, LGCO, chondrosarcoma (CHS), conventional osteosarcoma (COS), etc., are needed. All patients were treated with an operation and chemotherapy, and one patient received additional radiotherapy. Nevertheless, recurrence and metastasis are common in CMF-OS patients. Relatively invasive biological behavior of CMF-OS is against the low-grade classification of this disease. Conclusions It is important to recognize CMF-OS and distinguish it from CMF, CHS, COS and other LGCOs. CMF-OS has a relatively poor prognosis despite its low-grade classification.

Background: Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare cartilaginous tumor, accounting for < 1% of benign bone tumors. We report a case of temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-CMF, involving the pterygopalatine space and skull base and discuss its epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management., Case Presentation: A 56-year-old woman presented with facial asymmetry and progressive mouth opening restriction due to a mass expanding upwardly to the auriculotemporal region. Using digital techniques to determine the lesion's boundary and reconstruct the normal glenoid fossa, the temporalis myofascial flap was transplanted between the titanium mesh and condyle to reconstruct the disc after tumor resection., Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of identifying patients with TMJ-CMF.

Copyright of Foot Medicine & Surgery / Medecine et Chirurgie du Pied is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare bone tumor characterized by immature myxoid mesenchymal tissue showing early primitive cartilaginous differentiation. There have been limited case reports describing the cytologic features of chondromyxoid fibroma. Herein, we reported cytologic features of chondromyxoid fibroma on fine-needle aspiration (FNA). We performed a retrospective search in our cytopathology and surgical pathology database for cases diagnosed as chondromyxoid fibroma that had corresponding cytology specimens from three medical institutions. All available cytopathology specimens were reviewed. Eight cases were retrieved from patients aged 16-77 years (mean, 51 years), and M:F ratio of 1.7:1. Seven tumors (88%) were primary, and most (62%) occurred in flat bones. Cytologic diagnoses were made in 6 cases with cytologic slides not available to review in 1 case. All cases showed metachromatic matrix in the background, while hyaline cartilage fragments were absent. All cases had two cell populations comprising oval to round cells and stellate to spindle cells. The spindle to stellate cells were more commonly embedded in matrix material. Moderate atypia (hyperchromasia and moderate anisonucleosis) was present in 4 cases (80%), while no mitotic figure was present in all cases. Our study highlights common cytologic features of chondromyxoid fibroma, including the presence of the spindle or stellate cells embedded in matrix material. Hyaline cartilage is uncommon and, if present, diagnostic considerations should include enchondroma or low-grade chondrosarcoma. A specific cytologic diagnosis primarily using FNA samples can be challenging but possible when evaluated in conjunction with clinical and radiologic data. • The common cytologic features of chondromyxoid fibroma are 2 cell population consisting of round to oval cells and spindle to stellate cells with the latter embedded in chondromyxoid matrix. Hyaline cartilage is uncommon. • Cytologic atypia (hyperchromasia or anisonucleosis) is allowed and should be cautiously interpreted along with radiographic findings to avoid confusion with malignant entities, such as chondrosarcoma. • The differential diagnosis includes enchondroma, chondroblastoma, giant cell tumor of bone, low-grade chondrosarcoma, and chondromyxoid fibroma-like osteosarcoma. On many occasions, radiologic findings play a more important role in rendering a final diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary orbital chondromyxoid fibroma is a rarely reported entity. A 34-year-old lady presented with painless, non-axial proptosis of the left eye of 6 months duration. Orbital imaging showed a supero-temporal mass with calcific foci and bone erosion. The mass caused globe compression resulting in choroidal folds. Anterior orbitotomy with complete mass excision was performed. The histopathology revealed a chondromyxoid fibroma. At 12-months follow-up, the patient is doing fine with no clinical recurrence. Chondromyxoid fibroma is an important differential diagnosis for bony orbital tumors.

Objective: Whether H3.3 K36M mutation (H3K36M) could be an approach if the diagnosis of chondroblastoma (CB) patients was indistinct and it was suspected to be unclear clinically. Methods: We reviewed and compared our clinical experiences of CB cases and some suspected cases, which were not diagnosed distinctly, between 2013 to 2019. A total of 15 male and four female cases included in this study were seperated into two groups, CB group and suspected case (SC) group. The CB group included 13 men and 3 women, with an age range from 9 to 54 (mean age, 22 years old). The SC group included two men and one woman, with the age range from 13 to 25 (mean age, 19 years old). In both groups the patients had been followed‐up until December 2019 and none of the patients had prior treatment history. We evaluated the clinical complaints, radiological features, and clinical‐histological features of the cases and performed an immunohistochemical (IHC) study to detect whether the H3K36M expression of cases was different, consistent with a gene‐mutation analysis. Results: In both groups, the radiologic features of both groups appeared as round low‐density shadow with a clear edge, pathologic features showed diffuse proliferation of neoplastic cells with multinuclear giant cells. The radiological tumor size of CB group and SC group showed little difference, which was about 29.0*21.6 mm. Clinical‐immunohistochemical features of both groups showed chondroid matrix inside with naïve tumor cells, multinucleated giant cells, and ground substance cells. Most of them showed chondro‐related antibody positive (12 cases) but some of them showed S‐100 negative (four cases). The clear difference of both groups was the result of H3K36M IHC study and gene analysis. In our cases, the CB group showed diffuse H3K36M positive and the SC group showed negative. The gene mutation analysis revealed that H3K36M‐positive CB patients had K36M mutation, which were not found in the SC group. Sanger sequencing showed an A > T substitution at codon 36 of histone H3F3B. No other types of histone H3 mutation was detected in the CB group. Particularly, one of the suspected cases showed a G34W mutation was confirmed to be a giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). Conclusions: Our study showed H3K36M immunohistochemistry and gene mutation analysis were specific clinical diagnostic tools to distinguish suspected CB from other giant cell‐rich or cartilage matrix‐diffuse bone tumors. The clinical‐radiological and histomorphological features of patients gave suggestions on whether the H3K36M IHC and gene analysis should be required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Initially described, in 1948, as a tumor that could be mistaken with chondrosarcoma at histopathology, chondromyxoid fibroma is now a well-recognized entity. Surface-type chondromyxoid fibroma, however, remains an extremely rare occurrence. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman, who experienced right arm pain for 5 years. After unsuccessful treatment for presumed thoracic outlet syndrome, MRI revealed a large mass abutting the anteromedial cortex of the distal humeral diaphysis in a subperiosteal location. Further characterization was made with radiography, CT, and bone scan, which were followed by ultrasound-guided biopsy. Although histopathologic features were suggestive of chondromyxoid fibroma, the diagnosis remained somewhat uncertain initially due to the very unusual location involving the diaphysis of the humerus. Surgical resection was performed, and subsequent histopathologic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of chondromyxoid fibroma. Despite being a rare entity, surface-type chondromyxoid fibroma would need to be considered in the differential when dealing with expansile surface diaphyseal lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare, benign neoplasm of bone, accounting for less than.2% of bone tumors. A CMF of the mandible is reported in a 43 old year man incidentally discovered during a routine dental examination. It presented as a well-defined irregular unilocular radiolucent lesion in the right of the mandible and was removed surgically with no post-operative complications.

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a very rare entity, accounting for <1% of all bone tumours. So far, only 4 cases have been reported with the orbit as primary location. Here, we present a case of orbital CMF with periocular pain as the presenting symptom and as the only symptom when the tumour recurred after surgery. A 41-year-old man underwent a CT scan and later an MRI as part of evaluation for left periocular pain that had persisted for a year. Clinical examination was normal. CT and MRI revealed an irregular mass in the lateral part of the left orbital roof. The tumour was removed by curettage, and histopathological examination showed a CMF. The pain was absent for 3 months. A second MRI 5 months postoperatively revealed a recurrence, which was removed surgically, resulting in pain alleviation. In conclusion, CMF is a potential cause of periocular pain, and persistent periocular pain with normal clinical findings should warrant a CT or MRI scan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the sensitivity and specificity of DOG 1 in the diagnosis of chondroblastomas. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, from Jun 2015 to Jul 2017. Methodology: Total fifty-two patients were included in this study using simple random sampling technique including 19 chondroblastomas, 21 giant cell tumors and 12 chondromyxoid fibromas. DOG 1 antibody was applied on all the cases. Results: DOG 1 was positive in 100% of cases of chondroblastomas. However, intensity and proportion of staining pattern was variable among them. Fifteen (78%) cases showed diffuse moderate to strong expression while 4 (22%) cases showed focal weak expression. Only 2 (10%) cases of giant cell tumors and 4 (33%) cases of chondromyxoid fibromas expressed focal weak expression for DOG 1. Conclusion: This study confirms 100% expression of DOG 1 in cases of chondroblastomas but intensity and proportion of staining pattern was variable. Therefore DOG 1 may prove to be a useful immunohistochemical marker for diagnosis of chondroblastomas in the future in difficult cases in correlation with histological and radiological features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare bone tumor with cartilaginous differentiation which presents less than 1% of bone tumors. It is a benign lesion and occurs in the fibula in less than 10% of the cases. A 25-year-old with no medical history, right-hander, and long-distance running athlete who consulted in our orthopedic department for right ankle pain. This symptom dates back to 6 weeks and considerably hampered his professional sports activities. This mechanical ankle pain is next to the external malleolus without irradiation and subsides with usual analgesics. The clinical examination was poor. There was no swelling. Bony landmarks were painless. Motion range was normal. The neurovascular exam did not find any abnormalities. X-rays showed a rounded and well-defined lytic bone lesion located in the external malleolus and classified Lodwick Ia (A,B). Due to the benign aspect, we decided to perform an excisional biopsy with a cancellous autograft. The gesture was performed by a lateral approach under loco-regional anesthesia. The graft was taken from the proximal tibial epiphysis through a small internal incision. The patient resumed his training after 2 months, and returned to his professional sports level after 3 months. At the last follow-up of 6 months, the patient had not reported any symptoms and the radiological control was satisfying (C,D).

Introduction: Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign tumor with aggressive behavior accounting for less than 0.5% of all bone tumors. There are several case-reports of this tumor occurring in different bones. Case report: Here we report a case of 19 years old male with the tumor arising from the inferior pole of right patella which was treated by complete excision of the lesion. The histopathology report was consistent with chondromyxoid fibroma. Conclusion: Chondromyxoid fibroma is a benign but locally aggressive tumor which may occur at unusual sites.

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rare tumor, accounting for

Background and Importance. Chondromyxoid fibromas are rare tumors of cartilaginous origin typically found in long bones. They usually present during the second and third decades of life. In this case report, we describe the case of a 60-year-old male who presented with back pain and was later found to have a sacral mass. Further immunohistochemical analysis determined that the mass was a chondromyxoid fibroma. Clinical Presentation. A 60-year-old male presented with worsening lower back pain over the course of 2 years. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a destructive mass centered at S4 with heterogeneous enhancement. The patient underwent an S3-to-Co1 laminectomy for gross total resection of the tumor. Histology demonstrated a biphasic, lobulated appearance, characteristic of a chondromyxoid fibroma. The tissue stained faintly positive for multicytokeratin, and it was negative for markers S-100 protein and brachyury, indicating that it was not a chordoma. Conclusion. Only 8 cases have documented sacral chondromyxoid fibroma. As these are exceedingly rare tumors, especially within the sacral spine, the differential diagnosis includes other malignant tumors more likely to be found in the spine, particularly chordomas and chondrosarcomas. Immunohistochemistry and histology are essential in making a definitive diagnosis. This case provides a comprehensive illustration of the clinical presentation, radiographic findings, and immunohistochemistry of sacral chondromyxoid fibroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is the least commonly occurring bone tumor of cartilaginous origin. It is usually situated in the metaphysis of long bones of the lower limbs. Localization of the tumor in the skull is extremely rare. The definitive diagnosis is challenging and depends on radiological and histological examinations. To the best of our knowledge, only 14 cases of CMF involving the temporal bone have been reported to date, 7 of which were within the mastoid. The most common clinical symptom is headache; however, these symptoms vary greatly according to site, size, and extension of the lesion. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice. A literature review of the diagnostic challenges, histological difficulties in differential diagnosis, imaging, clinical features, and recommended modalities of treatment have been discussed in the present case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinically, radiologically, and pathologically, chondroid neoplasms of the skull can be diagnostically challenging due to overlapping features in each of these domains. Compounding the problem for the pathologist, there is also significant morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic overlap between benign and malignant cartilaginous lesions, and the majority of these lesions are encountered quite rarely in routine surgical pathology practice. Each of these factors contribute to the diagnostic difficulty posed by these lesions, highlighting the importance of radiologic-pathologic correlation in the diagnosis. This review is intended to provide an update for surgical pathologists on some of the most commonly encountered chondroid neoplasms in the skull, and includes the following lesions: chondromyxoid fibroma, synovial chondromatosis, chondrosarcoma and variants, and chordoma and variants. For each of these lesions, the differential diagnosis and useful ancillary tests will be discussed in the context of a broad range of additional primary and secondary lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Chondromyxoid fibroma-like osteosarcoma (CMF-OS) is an exceedingly rare subtype of low-grade central osteosarcoma (LGCO), accounting for up to 10% of cases and making it difficult to diagnose. CMF-OS is frequently misdiagnosed on a radiological examination and biopsy, even after the initial operation. Its treatment is a controversial issue due to its low-grade classification and actual high-grade behavior.Case Presentation: We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of more than 2000 osteosarcoma patients between 2008 and 2019; 11 patients with CMF-OS were identified, of which six patients were treated by our institution with complete clinical characteristics, including treatment and prognosis, radiological and pathological features were reviewed. Three males and three females with a median age of 46 (range 22-56) years were pathologically proven to have CMF-OS. The radiological presentation of CMF-OS is variable, thus radiological misdiagnoses are common. However, one must not ignore a malignant radiologic appearance. The most distinctive pathological feature conferring the diagnosis of CMF-OS is the presence of osteoid production directly by the tumor cells under a chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF)-like background. Differential diagnoses based on comprehensive data from CMF, LGCO, chondrosarcoma (CHS), conventional osteosarcoma (COS), etc., are needed. All patients were treated with an operation and chemotherapy, and one patient received additional radiotherapy. Nevertheless, recurrence and metastasis are common in CMF-OS patients. Relatively invasive biological behavior of CMF-OS is against the low-grade classification of this disease.Conclusions: It is important to recognize CMF-OS and distinguish it from CMF, CHS, COS and other LGCOs. CMF-OS has a relatively poor prognosis despite its low-grade classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary orbital chondromyxoid fibroma is a rarely reported entity. A 34-year-old lady presented with painless, non-axial proptosis of the left eye of 6 months duration. Orbital imaging showed a supero-temporal mass with calcific foci and bone erosion. The mass caused globe compression resulting in choroidal folds. Anterior orbitotomy with complete mass excision was performed. The histopathology revealed a chondromyxoid fibroma. At 12-months follow-up, the patient is doing fine with no clinical recurrence. Chondromyxoid fibroma is an important differential diagnosis for bony orbital tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a rarely documented benign osseous neoplasm, particularly with respect to its incidence in the lumbar spinal region. CMF predominantly manifests in vertebral bodies, exhibiting atypical emergence in ancillary anatomical sites. The present report describes, to the best of our knowledge, the second documented instance of CMF originating from the lumbar facet joint. The present case provides an example of CMF in the lumbar facet joint precipitating spinal canal stenosis, thereby engendering neurological manifestations in the lower extremities due to neoplastic proliferation through the intervertebral foramen. The present therapeutic intervention entailed surgical excision of the neoplasm concomitant with facet joint arthrodesis, with the objective of achieving comprehensive neoplasm eradication, ameliorating the symptomatology and safeguarding the spinal structural integrity of the patient. The present study aimed to illustrate the clinical implications of this rare neoplasm, thereby elucidating the diagnostic quandaries and therapeutic complexities associated with CMF in the lumbar facet joint. In addition, the present study aimed to augment the existing knowledge for the diagnosis and clinical management of CMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]