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Is a theory of covenantal pluralism applicable to the Armenian case? In order to answer these and other questions, the author makes a comparative analysis of three successive periods, the imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet, in terms of conditions, social and political contexts, and cultural specificities of religious coexistence. As a result, she identifies three approaches, classical imperial, Soviet nation-based, and post-Soviet pluralist, which offer different models of coexistence and tries to define whether they have been effective and able to guarantee a real, long-term and dignified peace. According to the author, the current situation in democratic Armenia can be described as an alienating secularism, which offers constitutional equality, legal defense, and freedom of religious choice, but does not interfere in relations between denominations and religious communities, nor does it offer policies or strategies aimed at developing covenantal relations between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries including India. It is a major public health concern particularly for India, as it has the highest burden of TB cases with two deaths occurring due to TB every 3 min. The incidence of lung cancer is reportedly higher in patients with pulmonary TB than in the general population. However, a diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma superimposed on pulmonary TB is difficult to establish due to masking of the signs, symptoms, and radiologic findings by the preexisting disease. On the other hand, the presence of underlying lung malignancy has been correlated with an increased risk of developing TB and even associated with poorer outcomes. Here, we share an interesting case where metastatic lung carcinoma was suspected and diagnosed, due to a good and careful follow-up in a young patient with active pulmonary TB infection.

Abstract Background The emergence and spread of carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae, constitute a serious threat to public health, since carbapenems are the last line of defense in the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The current study investigated the co-existence of different virulence factors and carbapenemases in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Alexandria, Egypt. Results Phenotypic characterization of virulence factors indicated that 41.5% of the isolates were strong biofilm producers, while hypermucoviscosity was detected in 14.9% of the isolates. All isolates harbored five or more virulence factor encoding genes. entB, ycfM, mrkD and fimH were detected in all isolates, while only one isolate was negative for ybtS. uge, iutA, rmpA and kpn were detected in 61 (64.8%), 55 (58.5%), 41 (43.6%) and 27 (28.7%) isolates, respectively, while all isolates lacked magA and k2A. Phenotypic detection of carbapenemases was explored by performing CarbaNP and mCIM/eCIM. CarbaNP test showed positive results in 98.9% of the isolates and positive mCIM tests were observed in all isolates, while 68 (72.3%) isolates showed positive eCIM tests. bla NDM was the most prevalent carbapenemase encoding gene (92.5%) followed by the bla OXA−48 (51.1%), while bla KPC was detected in only one (1.06%) isolate. bla VIM, bla IMP and bla GES were not detected in any of the tested isolates. Conclusions The widespread of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae represents a major problem in health care settings. A significant association between certain virulence factors and carbapenemase-encoding genes was observed. Antibiotic stewardship programs and infection control policies should be effectively implemented especially in hospitals to limit the spread of such highly virulent pathogens.

Okbu Frezgi,1,2 Tiblets Tesfamichael,1 Khalid Hussein Farah,1,2 Hailemichael Gebremariam,3 Yasir D Wahaballa,4 Berhe Tesfai1,2 1Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Orotta National Referral Maternity Hospital, Ministry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea; 2Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Orotta College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dekemhare Hospital, Ministry of Health, Dekemhare, Eritrea; 4Department Pathology, National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Asmara, EritreaCorrespondence: Okbu Frezgi, Email lurgewra@gmail.comAbstract: Ovarian mucinous tumors mixed with Brenner tumors have rarely been reported. The coexistence of such epithelial tumors present histopathologic diagnostic difficulties. Here we report a 57-year-old postmenopausal woman who had experienced an abdominal distention and pain over a period of eight months. A physical examination revealed a grossly distended abdomen that reached the xiphoid process. A firm and mobile abdomino-pelvic mass with a smooth surface and a regular border was identified. Laboratory investigations showed a hemoglobin level of 13.54 g/dl and a serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) of 97.3 U/mL. Trans abdominal ultrasonography revealed a massive complex mass originating from the left adnexa. A laparotomy was performed and a 10 kg left adnexal mass was removed intact. Histopathological analysis revealed mixed benign mucinous cystadenoma with a Brenner tumor of the left ovary. After surgery the patient showed marked clinical improvement, resumed her regular daily activities in three months and no recurrence has occurred during her long follow up. As the coexistence of these mixed tumors is not uncommon, a thorough pathologic evaluation is necessary and health professionals should be aware of the mixed occurrence of epithelial ovarian tumors.Keywords: co-existence, Brenner tumor, mucinous cystadenoma, ovarian tumor

Shumeng Ma, Ning Jia College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ning Jia, College of Education, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, People’s Republic of China, Email jianing@hebtu.edu.cnBackground: In China, as educational reforms progress, the characteristics of teachers’ work have undergone significant changes, resulting in extremely high levels of stress that can trigger anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression often co-occur, with two mainstream theories explaining this co-existence: the tripartite model and the diathesis-stress model. However, systematic research focusing on this population is relatively scarce, and the applicability of these models has not been thoroughly tested. This study aims to use network analysis methods to examine the interactions between symptoms and analyze the co-existence of anxiety and depression, thereby expanding the research on teachers.Methods: Data were provided by the Science Database of People Mental Health, which includes 1670 teachers with a mean age of 30.01. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale were used to estimate the network structures of anxiety and depression, respectively. Shared symptoms between depression and anxiety were identified using network analysis and clique percolation methods. Bayesian Networks was used to estimate causal relationships between symptoms. Data were analyzed using R packages. Network structure was constructed with the qgraph package, node centrality and bridge symptoms were evaluated using the networktools package, and network stability was measured via the bootnet package. The Clique Percolation method was implemented with the CliqurPercolation package, and Bayesian network modeling was performed via the Bnlearn package.Results: Dizziness and Easy Fatigability & Weakness were central symptoms in the network. Bridging strength results showed that, the important bridging symptoms included Tachycardia, Depressed Affect, Fatigue, Crying Spell, Easy Fatigability & Weakness, Nightmares, Face Flushing, and Sweating were the strong bridging symptoms. Additionally, Sleep Disturbance played a key mediating role. Depressed Affect and Dissatisfaction were activation symptoms for anxiety-depression co-existence.Conclusion: Using network analysis, this study elucidated core, bridging, and shared symptoms, as well as potential causal pathways between anxiety and depression. Specifically, somatic symptoms are crucial in maintaining and developing the anxiety-depression network among teachers. Sleep disturbance serves as the sole gateway for mild symptoms to develop into other communities. The Bayesian network identified two key activating symptoms within the teacher anxiety-depression network, validating the applicability of the tripartite model among teachers.Keywords: network analysis, teachers, depression, anxiety, co-existence

The primary focus of this article is to critically evaluate the feasibility of fostering social cohesion in northwest Syria. This exploration hinges on the nuanced perspectives of local authorities, residents, and civil society organizations (CSOs) actively operating within the region. To comprehensively understand this dynamic, a structured approach was employed, including conducting 25 Key Informant Interviews (KII), organizing three focus group discussions with a total of 30 participants representing the broader community base, and launching a public survey that garnered insights from 516 respondents across diverse community sectors following up with the post-data collection, the research utilized advanced Excel methodologies to rigorously analyze the findings, thereby probing the stated hypotheses. The analytical journey unearthed a myriad of challenges and roadblocks impeding the attainment of social cohesion. The survey underscored an imperative: the need for capacity-building across all regional actors. It also highlighted certain critical areas requiring immediate intervention and overhaul, notably the economic and security sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The emergence and spread of carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae, constitute a serious threat to public health, since carbapenems are the last line of defense in the treatment of life-threatening infections caused by drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The current study investigated the co-existence of different virulence factors and carbapenemases in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Alexandria, Egypt. Results: Phenotypic characterization of virulence factors indicated that 41.5% of the isolates were strong biofilm producers, while hypermucoviscosity was detected in 14.9% of the isolates. All isolates harbored five or more virulence factor encoding genes. entB, ycfM, mrkD and fimH were detected in all isolates, while only one isolate was negative for ybtS. uge, iutA, rmpA and kpn were detected in 61 (64.8%), 55 (58.5%), 41 (43.6%) and 27 (28.7%) isolates, respectively, while all isolates lacked magA and k2A. Phenotypic detection of carbapenemases was explored by performing CarbaNP and mCIM/eCIM. CarbaNP test showed positive results in 98.9% of the isolates and positive mCIM tests were observed in all isolates, while 68 (72.3%) isolates showed positive eCIM tests. blaNDM was the most prevalent carbapenemase encoding gene (92.5%) followed by the blaOXA−48 (51.1%), while blaKPC was detected in only one (1.06%) isolate. blaVIM, blaIMP and blaGES were not detected in any of the tested isolates. Conclusions: The widespread of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae represents a major problem in health care settings. A significant association between certain virulence factors and carbapenemase-encoding genes was observed. Antibiotic stewardship programs and infection control policies should be effectively implemented especially in hospitals to limit the spread of such highly virulent pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Framed within the social constructionist interpretive phenomenological approach, I explore the perceptions and social experiences of two Arab girls living in Sweden. A phenomenological interpretive analysis was used to examine the unstructured in‐depth interviews. The research focuses on the migrants' perceptions of social integration framed as a 'melting pot' to a 'salad bowl' integration. The 'melting pot' is a metaphor for assimilationists' perspectives on integration which means melting down into a new identity while losing oneself. This was expressed as submission, drawing a line of 'differences' between 'successful' and 'unsuccessful' integration. Contrary, 'salad bowl' is a metaphor for social integration as a process of creating and nurturing social connections that lead to co‐existence with trust, reciprocity, and a sense of belonging. I present a two‐fold argument connecting social resilience and social integration as the foundation of migrants' social experiences in the host country: (1) the visibility of migrants as 'beings' rather than 'becomings' should guide the pragmatic approach to integration; and (2) the social and political space for migrants should include their voices and engagement in right‐based policies, as well as a shared sense of responsibilities, connectedness, and co‐existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many Asian elephant populations inhabit fragmented human‐dominated landscapes. Human–elephant conflict (HEC) has intensified in such regions, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of people and elephants each year. Controversy between stakeholders then arises as people debate the merits of HEC mitigation approaches, stifling progress. We conducted a survey to evaluate the opinions of experts, farmers and others who have and have not experienced HEC (n = 611), on the causes of HEC, the importance of, conservation of and co‐existence with elephants, and on the acceptability and effectiveness of potential HEC mitigation methods. Analysis of variance and the Potential for Conflict Index showed that all groups agreed with nine of the 10 causes of HEC assessed, on average. All respondent groups had mostly positive attitudes towards the importance and conservation of elephants. However, farmers exposed to HEC disagreed that people should co‐exist with elephants and supported the view that elephants should be removed from human habitats. All groups agreed on the acceptability and effectiveness of electric fencing, early warning systems with infrasonic call detectors, Global Positioning System collars and geophones. However, there was disparity in views between the experts and other stakeholder groups on the acceptability and effectiveness of restricting elephants to protected areas, and translocation of problem elephants to protected areas away from their capture site or to wild elephant holding grounds. While similar views between stakeholders on many subjects are encouraging for elephant conservation, the disparities identified should be given greater attention when planning HEC management programs to minimize conflict between stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shifts in the timing of phenological events across many taxa and ecosystems are a result of climate change. Within a trophic network, phenological mismatches between interlinked species can have negative impacts for biodiversity, ecosystems, and the trophic network. Here we developed interaction indices that quantify the level of synchrony and asynchrony among groups of species in three interlinked trophic levels, as well as accounting for a dynamic representation of meteorology. Insect first flight, vegetation green-up and arrival of migrant birds were the phenological indicators, obtained from a combination of spatially and temporally explicit species observations from citizen science programmes and remote sensing platforms (i.e., Landsat). To determine phenological shifts in interlinked taxa we created and applied several phenological indices of synchrony-asynchrony, combining information from the phenological events and critical time windows of meteorological variables. To demonstrate our method of incorporating a meteorological component in our new interaction index, we implemented the relative sliding time window analysis, a stepwise regression model, to identify critical time windows preceding the phenological events on a yearly basis. The new indices of phenological change identified several asynchronies within trophic levels, allowing exploration of potential interactions based on synchrony among interlinked species. Our novel index of synchrony-asynchrony including a meteorological dimension could be highly informative and should open new pathways for studying synchrony among species and interaction networks.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important topic in business literature and strategy talk. Yet, much of this literature is normative and conceptual in nature. How organizational members perceive AI and the job role changes that come with it is, so far, largely unknown territory for both HR scholars and practitioners. We sought to investigate the relationship between humans and AI and conducted an in‐depth exploratory study into the co‐existence of humans and two early‐stage AI‐solutions, one for "low‐status" automation and another for "high‐status"; augmentation. We suggest that different organizational groups may engage in distinctly different sensemaking processes regarding AI, an important insight for successful HRM strategies when AI is being introduced into the workplace. Moreover, contrary to recent conceptual work, our findings indicate that AI‐enabled automation and augmentation solutions may not be detached from nor exist in tension with each other. They are deeply embedded in organizational processes and workflows for which people who co‐exist with the technologies must take ownership. Our findings, in part, go against discussions on AI "taking over" jobs or deskilling humans. We describe a more nuanced version of reality fluctuating around the various ways different organizational groups encounter different AI‐solutions in their daily work. Finally, our study warns against unconditional technological enthusiasm, managerial ignorance of the nature of work that employees undertake in different organizational groups, and a neglect of the time and effort required to successfully implement AI‐solutions that affect not only the home organization but also members of the broader ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to alleviate negative impacts of elephant crop-raiding faced by smallholder farmers around the Okavango delta. Although many studies have identified the relationship between crop-raiding and climatic factors, little attention was paid to aligning cropping duration to high rainfall. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how crop maturity duration influences farmers' vulnerability to elephant crop raiding and food loss. An experimental plot consisting of early and late maturing varieties of maize, sorghum and cowpea was set up and monitored in farms adjacent to corridors. Early maturing varieties yielded more (mean = 0.35 tha−1) than later maturing varieties (mean = 0.25 tha−1). The prolonged stay of crops in fields exposed them more to elephants (p < 0.001). Unlike late varieties, early varieties served as an evasion strategy by allowing earlier harvesting when there was adequate rainfall and elephants rarely frequented farms. Late maturing varieties were harvested at 16–19 weeks when elephants frequented the fields. This harvest timing significantly influences the vulnerability of crops to debilitating elephant raiding. This outcome suggests that policy reviews should incorporate more climate action into smallholder farming systems to strengthen SDG 1: no poverty and SDG 2: zero hunger, ease hostility toward elephants and improve elephant conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims at examining Virginia Hamilton's survival writing in the novel M.C. Higgins, the Great through the analogical lens with the traditional Chinese philosophy of "shengsheng (生生)". Current research on Hamilton's survival writing has ignored the cosmological aspect. In fact, what the novel reveals is not limited to the aspects of social and emotional survival, but also the ecological or cosmical co-existence. Considering Hamilton's global awareness and some similarities between African and Chinese traditions, this article resorts to the cross-cultural reference of the Chinese "shengsheng" philosophy. The concept originating from Xici (《系辞》), the commentaries on Zhouyi (《周易》), is well known for its wisdom on how all things in the universe can be born and how they can coexist, and thus it can be drawn upon for exploring Hamilton's survival writing. Specifically, this article takes a comprehensive analogical examination and discussion of the four aspects, namely, shengsheng virtue (生生之德), shengsheng affect (生生之情), shengsheng disposition (生生之性), and shengsheng fate (生生之命). This is to supplement the covering of Hamilton's survival writing and to enlarge the interpretation of Hamilton's works with philosophical and cosmopolitan visions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the representation of the Jaranwala Incident in both national and regional press outlets. How are Muslims and Christians represented linguistically? Hundreds of Muslims armed with batons and sticks stormed churches in Jaranwala after the Holy Quran was allegedly desecrated. Videos on social media showed hundreds of people armed with batons and sticks setting fire to the Salvation Army Church and the Saint Paul Catholic Church, while another mob torched private homes and broke windows. The event was reported by the media, and the newspaper supplied factual information to the people. Discourse analysis is the methodology of the study. The word in the newspaper is the unit of analysis. Two main English, one Urdu, and one Sindhi newspapers are taken as a sample of study. The research findings indicated that daily Dawn remains neutral. During the research it was founded that The News has the Right Wing behavior. It declares Pakistan as the only place for the Muslims. The Daily Intikhab remained neutral and Sindhi Daily The Kawish remained impartial. It is concluded that Government should review its press policy. Non-seriousness of press leads dire consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human knowledge pertaining to human-animal interaction is constructed by the human author, albeit the presence of animal subjects. Such a human lens is pronounced when studying human-animal interactions across history, whose nonhuman animal subjects are not only absent, and therefore eliminating the possibility of conducting empirical studies in situ, but also their experiences are filtered by the interpretative lens of human authors of extant historical accounts as well as contemporary human analysts who interpret these accounts. This article draws upon such epistemological limitations of understanding nonhuman animal presence in historical accounts and offers human-animal intersubjectivity as an analytical concept, involving generative iterability and indistinctive boundaries that emphasise intersubjective openness and relationality, to trace and disclose the continuity of human-animal co-existence. The article's historical scope is the Late Ottoman period characterised by a sense of temporal and spatial disorientation and reorientation for humans as well as street dogs during its modernisation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995) is the historic background of this paper, as produced in the documents presented during international and national trials concerning war crimes committed during this period. A literature review forms the analytical basis and contains various empirical and theoretical studies from the fields of philosophy, war sociology, and social epistemology. The aim of this paper is to analyse the normative orientations and social values that affect (1) the feelings of moral and social understanding (or non-understanding) after the genocide and the joint criminal enterprise in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the context of legitimizing transitional capitalism, (2) the actions of individuals, organizations, and states as well as the entire social community in the post-war society, and (3) the process of reconciliation and trust in post-war society. The analysis makes evident the usual tendency in a post-war society to deify one’s own ethnic (religious) group, while the consequence of such false self-infatuation with “our” collective is that the “other” that is not ours becomes undesirable. It must be, as evidence of patriotism and unconditional emotional loyalty to “our holy issue”, wiped out for good. Ethnic cleansings, joint criminal enterprises, and genocides thus become a normal means of ethnopolitical—i.e. biopolitical—“management of differences”. At the same time, ethnocorruption and ethnobanditry can erroneously be qualified as the least transparent and, for social and criminological research, the most difficult phenomena (or manifestations) of social pathology. The difficulty lies in the fact that ethnocorruption and ethnobanditry are in many respects related and intertwined with the simultaneous institutional and organizational processes of regulating (or not regulating) the economic and political globalization and transfer of ownership during the transition from socialist self-management to a new type of economy.

Man is a social being whose inter and intra-personal existence cannot be extricated from cohabiting with others within the society in which he finds himself. Man’s existence starts from fostering mutual relations with members of his immediate family and groups outside his family to members of the larger society/nation he identifies with as a citizen. Therefore, his belief in any creed or faith (religion) is a sign that man’s social contact within society reflects his exemplification of God, who is a just being. This paper adopted two methodological approaches- The functionalist approach emphasizes the contributions made by each component to the total and the interdependence between society’s constituent parts. The research attested that religion is often, and rightly, seen as a semi-autonomous social space that resembles others; it is also closely related to the economic structure of society. The second approach is a sociology of religion approach, which discusses religion within the framework of a particular people group as a human and cultural phenomenon. This article mainly focused on promoting peace in Nigeria, even during the building or consolidating of democratic institutions. In theoretical explanation, therefore, this paper expounds on how it makes a big difference in a society of peace and tranquillity and the workings of the democratic institutional framework. It is hoped that the leadership of our dear nation will be directed towards attaining peace and security across diverse Nigerian ethnic races or groups in such a way that religious tolerance will not breed hatred and enmity whatsoever to all citizens. Thus, development in whatever ramification is yearned for in this democratic dispensation would not be an illusion or wishful expectation but requires acceptance of everyone from all climes of life, race, creed, or ethnicity.

Man is a social being whose inter and intra-personal existence cannot be extricated from cohabiting with others within the society in which he finds himself. Man's existence starts from fostering mutual relations with members of his immediate family and groups outside his family to members of the larger society/nation he identifies with as a citizen. Therefore, his belief in any creed or faith (religion) is a sign that man's social contact within society reflects his exemplification of God, who is a just being. This article mainly focused on promoting peace in Nigeria, even during the building or consolidating of democratic institutions. This paper adopted two methodological approaches - The functionalist approach emphasizes the contributions made by each component to the total and the interdependence between society's constituent parts. The research attested that religion is often, and rightly, seen as a semi-autonomous social space that resembles others; it is also closely related to the economic structure of society. The second approach is a sociology of religion approach, which discusses religion within the framework of a particular people group as a human and cultural phenomenon. In theoretical explanation, therefore, this paper expounds on how it makes a big difference in a society of peace and tranquillity and the workings of the democratic institutional framework. It is hoped that the leadership of our dear nation will be directed towards attaining peace and security across diverse Nigerian ethnic races or groups in such a way that religious tolerance will not breed hatred and enmity whatsoever to all citizens. Thus, development in whatever ramification is yearned for in this democratic dispensation would not be an illusion or wishful expectation but requires acceptance of everyone from all climes of life, race, creed, or ethnicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anyone involved in processing corporate events and triparty collateral management needs automation and efficiency. A general transition to ISO 20022, the latest messaging standard available, will support further automation across Europe. Its rigorous structure and richer content — compared with the legacy standard ISO 15022 — enables efficient use of collateral across European financial markets and a harmonised process for asset servicing. The Eurosystem and the financial community have developed a Single Collateral Management Rulebook for Europe (SCoRE) setting out how to use ISO 20022. The adoption of this rulebook starts in November 2024 and use of the ISO 20022 format will then become increasingly common. The main issue is how long the legacy standard and local formats should run alongside ISO 20022. Market actors have not yet agreed on how long the transition should last because of a collective coordination problem. The result is a situation where everyone is worse off. To overcome this, a market-wide migration strategy is needed based on cooperation and incentives to define the point from which only ISO 20022 will be used. The Eurosystem is acting as catalyst for a common migration strategy to ISO 20022 because of the benefits it will bring to society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is known to complicate patients with post‐tubercular lung disease. However, some evidence suggests that CPA might co‐exist in patients with newly‐diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (P.TB) at diagnosis and also develop during therapy. The objective of this study was to confirm the presence of CPA in newly diagnosed P.TB at baseline and at the end‐of‐TB‐therapy. Materials and Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included newly diagnosed P.TB patients, followed up at third month and end‐of‐TB‐therapy with symptom assessment, anti‐Aspergillus IgG antibody and imaging of chest for diagnosing CPA. Results: We recruited 255 patients at baseline out of which 158 (62%) completed their follow‐up. Anti‐Aspergillus IgG was positive in 11.1% at baseline and 27.8% at end‐of‐TB‐therapy. Overall, proven CPA was diagnosed in 7% at baseline and 14.5% at the end‐of‐TB‐therapy. Around 6% patients had evidence of aspergilloma in CT chest at the end‐of‐TB‐therapy. Conclusions: CPA can be present in newly diagnosed P.TB patients at diagnosis and also develop during anti‐tubercular treatment. Patients with persistent symptoms or developing new symptoms during treatment for P.TB should be evaluated for CPA. Whether patients with concomitant P.TB and CPA, while receiving antitubercular therapy, need additional antifungal therapy, needs to be evaluated in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the incidence, clinical laboratory characteristics, and gene mutation spectrum of Ph‐negative MPN patients with atypical variants of JAK2, MPL, or CALR. Methods: We collected a total of 359 Ph‐negative MPN patients with classical mutations in driver genes JAK2, MPL, or CALR, and divided them into two groups based on whether they had additional atypical variants of driver genes JAK2, MPL, or CALR: 304 patients without atypical variants of driver genes and 55 patients with atypical variants of driver genes. We analyzed the relevant characteristics of these patients. Results: This study included 359 patients with Ph‐negative MPNs with JAK2, MPL, or CALR classical mutations and found that 55 (15%) patients had atypical variants of JAK2, MPL, or CALR. Among them, 28 cases (51%) were male, and 27 (49%) were female, with a median age of 64 years (range, 21–83). The age of ET patients with atypical variants was higher than that of ET patients without atypical variants [70 (28–80) vs. 61 (19–82), p = 0.03]. The incidence of classical MPL mutations in ET patients with atypical variants was higher than in ET patients without atypical variants [13.3% (2/15) vs. 0% (0/95), p = 0.02]. The number of gene mutations in patients with atypical variants of driver genes PV, ET, and Overt‐PMF is more than in patients without atypical variants of PV, ET, and Overt‐PMF [PV: 3 (2–6) vs. 2 (1–7), p < 0.001; ET: 4 (2–8) vs. 2 (1–7), p < 0.05; Overt‐PMF: 5 (2–9) vs. 3 (1–8), p < 0.001]. The incidence of SH2B3 and ASXL1 mutations were higher in MPN patients with atypical variants than in those without atypical variants (SH2B3: 16% vs. 6%, p < 0.01; ASXL1: 24% vs. 13%, p < 0.05). Conclusion: These data indicate that classical mutations of JAK2, MPL, and CALR may not be completely mutually exclusive with atypical variants of JAK2, MPL, and CALR. In this study, 30 different atypical variants of JAK2, MPL, and CALR were identified, JAK2 G127D being the most common (42%, 23/55). Interestingly, JAK2 G127D only co‐occurred with JAK2V617F mutation. The incidence of atypical variants of JAK2 in Ph‐negative MPNs was much higher than that of the atypical variants of MPL and CALR. The significance of these atypical variants will be further studied in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The invasive alien false mussels Mytilopsis leucophaeata cochleata and Dreissena polymorpha (Dreissenidae) have established populations in the North Sea canal in the Netherlands that connects the harbours of Amsterdam with the North Sea. The favourable and unfavourable salinity ranges of both species were earlier studied in long-term outdoor mesocosm experiments. Their occurrence in salinity gradients in estuaries or canals connecting seaways to freshwater harbours provides information on their salinity tolerance under field conditions. By the combination of laboratory experiments and field data using the same source population a high predictability can be expected for establishment of the gradients facilitated by constructions. The reliability of experimentally derived salinity-tolerance limits for both dreissenid species was tested using data on their distribution in a salinity gradient of the littoral zone along the North Sea canal. The mussels used for the survival experiments in mesocosms were also collected from this canal. Favourable salinity ranges for adult survival in the mesocosms were 0.2 – 17.5 for M. leucophaeata cochleata and 0.2 – 6.0 for D. polymorpha. Unfavourable salinities were outside these ranges and led to high and fast mortality of these species. Mytilopsis leucophaeata cochleata was present over nearly the whole length of the North Sea canal with the highest densities close to the sea sluices where also the highest salinities and water temperatures were measured. Their densities in the canal decreased gradually at larger distances from the sea. Dreissena polymorpha co-exists with M. leucophaeata cochleata at the east end of the canal with low salinity due to the influence of freshwater of the river Rhine. The occurrence of D. polymorpha was restricted to a salinity below 4 and M. leucophaeata cochleata only occurred at a salinity above 1.5 (maximum value measured in the canal 9.2). Shorter salinity gradients with lower salinity ranges provided additional information on the co-existence of both species. Co-existence was observed at a salinity range of 1.5–3.3 (own data), 1.0–3.5 (Van Couwelaar and Van Dijk 1989), both in the North Sea canal, and 0.2–2.8, in the Canal through Voorne (Janssen and Janssen-Kruit 1967). These data correspond with studies of both species by Walton (1996) in the Hudson River (salinity range 0–3). Found salinity ranges in the North Sea canal for both species match with the tolerance results obtained by mesocosm experiments. A new invading dreissenid mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis and a mytilid Ischadium recurvum occur in the North Sea canal since 2006 and 2012, respectively. Competition between recent and earlier invaders is likely when salinity tolerances are similar. It has already been observed that D. rostriformis bugensis outcompetes D. polymorpha under freshwater conditions (Bij de Vaate et al. 2014; Matthews et al. 2014). Ischadium recurvum has the potential to colonize large parts of the canal and to be a strong competitor of M. leucophaeata cochleata (Goud et al. 2019). Since January 2022, the new ‘Zeesluis IJmuiden’ with the biggest locks in the world is in use, affecting the probability of population establishment of new introduced and invasive alien mussel species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous cultural heritage (ICH) is threatened worldwide, driven by factors like development, private property rights, and colonial planning. Indigenous communities are increasingly navigating the inadequacies of ICH protection by exerting their rights through laws, protocols, and policies. These initiatives assert sovereignty and relational responsibility to ancestral cultural heritage outside of the mandated colonial systems of management. This study centers on the Comox Valley in British Columbia, where the ICH of K'ómoks First Nation is under increasing threat of erasure due to private and commercial development. In response, the K'omoks First Nation has developed their own Cultural Heritage Policy (CHP), and accompanying archaeological permits to protect their cultural heritage where provincial archaeological legislation fails to. In the context of the K'omoks First Nation, we explore three interconnected questions associated with the assertion of Indigenous Peoples' rights and responsibilities around protecting their ICH: how do Indigenous communities exert self-determination over their ICH, how does ICH interact with local planning processes, and how can local (settler) governments strengthen ICH protection at the local level? Our findings reveal that local level implementation of Indigenous cultural heritage policies help to ensure that ICH protection strategies are effective and meet the needs of Indigenous Indigenous communities. Challenges remain, however, regarding jurisdictional barriers to formal policy adoption within the colonial regulatory regime, capacity limitations, and the need for public education and communications regarding Indigenous-led heritage policies.

Soil carbonate is considered an effective adsorbent to trace element retention. Many researchers have studied the preferential adsorption of those heavy metals on calcareous soils. In 2021- 2022, an experiment was conducted in agriculture college laboratories to assess the mono and competitive of three trace elements (Cu, Zn, Mn) on three calcareous soils that differ in their CaCO3 content. Calcareous representative soil samples were collected from different Nineveh governorate and north Iraq locations. The adsorption experiment was carried out using the batch method by equilibrating 2.5 gm soil with 25 ml of a solution containing concentrations of (1.5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 mg. L-1) of all traced elements in the same concentrations. Sorption isotherms were characterized using linear Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Results showed huge differences in sorptions capacities and other studied parameters. All studied soils showed a high maximum adsorption capacity Qmax and strength binding for Cu than Zn and Mn. On the basis of Qmax and distribution coefficient values (Σkd) for each studied soil and element, the selectivity sequence was as follows Cu>Zn >Mn. Gibbs free energy (-ΔG) values were decreased as the sorption capacity decreased too. In mono and ternary adsorption system, Langmuir isotherms were of H-type whereas Freundlich isotherms were of C-type. The soil properties such as CaCO3, pH, Clay, C.E.C, and O.M were significantly related to trace elements adsorption.

Traditional compartmental models describe the evolution of a virus over a population of nodes; one common model separates the population into compartments of susceptible, infected, and removed nodes. More complex bi-virus models describe this evolution for two competing viruses in the same population, having an additional parameter known as the virus interaction factor, which defines the effect one virus has on the rate of infection of another. Although these models are generally used in the context of infectious diseases, they could also describe the spread of ideas, or competing products in a market of consumers. In this paper, a new model was proposed that added separate interaction factors for each virus, differentiating the effects of viruses on one another. Adding this additional parameter will allow for more accurate interactions to be modeled and analyzed. A focus was placed on the limiting behavior of this model, an eventual end-state equilibrium where the number of nodes in each compartment remains constant. Relationships between the virus interaction factors and the strengths of the viruses on the limiting behavior were identified. Finally, a complete numerical solution to the model and a condition for real-valued limiting behaviors was calculated and tested against the simulation data.

Abstract Background The rationale for this paper is a description of a patient from Southeast Europe with genetically confirmed Huntington’s disease (HD), coexisting with sporadic, bulbar-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To the best of our knowledge, the total number of reported cases with confirmed coexistence of HD and ALS is less than 20. Thus, it is an extremely rare condition speculated to be in a range from 2 to 6 per billion, and data from this part of the World are completely missing. Case presentation Here we report a 72-year-old female with a family history of HD who had generalized chorea and hyperreflexia. Using the PCR-based test for the detection of the CAG triplet repeat expansion, the presence of HD was confirmed. After several months, our patient had progressively developed dysarthria and dysphagia, followed by spastic quadriparesis, generalized muscle wasting, spontaneous fasciculations and sialorrhea. The diagnosis of definite ALS was established based on the patient’s neurological status, electromyography findings and current El Escorial criteria. Conclusions Our study emphasizes the need for the recognition of the co-occurrence of clinically distinct and rare genetic disorders, such as HD and ALS. New insights from the studies dealing with these rare topics could significantly contribute to the contest of new gene therapy trials.

We tackle the issue of designing a transmit beampattern for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar while considering its coexistence with wireless communication systems. Our goal is to design a beampattern that can steer the mainlobe and regulate its gain level toward the desired direction. The significant challenge lies in concurrently enforcing the gain constraint along with the constant modulus constraint on the radar waveform. In our work, we propose a novel approach that entails solving a series of constrained quadratic programs to achieve constant modulus at convergence. Additionally, we demonstrate that each problem in the sequence admits a closed-form solution, ensuring analytical tractability. We assess the effectiveness of our proposed Mainlobe and Interference Control (MAIC) algorithm against state-of-the-art MIMO beampattern design techniques, illustrating that MAIC attains the desired gain level while mitigating interference energy in undesired areas.

Community as a Form of Thinking. How One Turns Kant Towards Social Philosophy with Fink, Nancy, and Esposito - In the times of nihilism, it is necessary to recall, with Roberto Esposito, the fact that, strictly speaking, in philosophy and its history, there is no other subject than community, insofar as everything that becomes the subject of philosophy can only become so because of the fact that there is community. That communality is a form of thinking or that the latter is constitutively communal, is another way of expressing what Emmanuel Levinas once put in the more succinct phrase that in consciousness one is always in two, even if one is alone. In order to explain the implications of this, I draw a line in my essay from Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (specifically, its “positive” definition of being as “merely the position of a thing” [B 626], which receives much less attention than its negative aspect emphasized in the same passage, according to which being is not a real predicate) to the readings of Kant by Eugen Fink, Jean-Luc Nancy, and the aforementioned Roberto Esposito, in order to arrive at an understanding of being as an exposition of the disposition of things in us, i.e., as community.

Background. In the face of threats of increased individualism and the prevalence of loneliness problems, supporting the individual’s focus on the values of friendly relationships and focusing research on understanding the transformation processes of the individual (in particular, changes in the self-regulation characteristics) in the context of his co-existence with a significant Other is a relevant and little-studied topic. Purpose. The study had its purpose to identify the specifics of changes in the processes of self-regulation of an individual under conditions of coexistence with a friend. Methods. “Self-regulation Profile Questionnaire by V.I. Morosanova (SRPQM)” and its modification, methodology for studying personality self-esteem by S.A. Budassi and its modification. Sample. The study involved students of Kuban State University from different areas of training (N = 100). Results. The study revealed significant changes in the students’ general level of self-regulation and its characteristics depending on existing friendships: an increase in behavior conscious self-regulation (“general level” scale), optimization of conditions in achieving one’s goals (“modeling” scale) based on a critical attitude to the performing actions (“result evaluation” scale), an increase in plasticity of the regulatory processes (“flexibility” scale). Conclusions. In a situation of co-existence, a “possible Other” can be both a destructive factor for a person’s self-regulation (impaired planning, value disorientation, etc.), as well as a supporting factor, providing more accurate self-identification, certainty in setting goals, increasing agency in organizing the spaces of one’s being. Friendship relationships, being a person’s coexistence with a “significant Other”, generally increase the resources of self-regulation: the modeling process is optimized, flexibility and adequacy in evaluating results increase. At the same time, a person’s independence decreases, which is natural, since another subject is involved in the regulatory process.

Human knowledge pertaining to human-animal interaction is constructed by the human author, albeit the presence of animal subjects. Such a human lens is pronounced when studying human-animal interactions across history, whose nonhuman animal subjects are not only absent, and therefore eliminating the possibility of conducting empirical studies in situ, but also their experiences are filtered by the interpretative lens of human authors of extant historical accounts as well as contemporary human analysts who interpret these accounts. This article draws upon such epistemological limitations of understanding nonhuman animal presence in historical accounts and offers human-animal intersubjectivity as an analytical concept, involving generative iterability and indistinctive boundaries that emphasise intersubjective openness and relationality, to trace and disclose the continuity of human-animal co-existence. The article’s historical scope is the Late Ottoman period characterised by a sense of temporal and spatial disorientation and reorientation for humans as well as street dogs during its modernisation processes.

The estuarine areas are under frequent influence from freshwater intrusion and ocean currents, in which zooplankton species are diversified and variable as they are sensitive to physio-chemical variations in water. Therefore, understanding the relationships between zooplankton and environmental factors help us know the water quality. To achieve co-existence with species in similar ecological group or habit, they could inevitably alter themselves to fit the ecology and adjust the function according to the competitive exclusion in ecological theory. However, information of the co-existence of dominant species in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary (CRE) and adjacent waters remains scarce. We explored the relationships between dominant zooplankton and environmental factors in the study region in spring-summer from 2016 to 2020, involving particularly the composition of dominant species, ecological groups, their relationships with environmental factors, and co-existence of important species, using the non-multidimensional scale analysis (nMDS) method and redundancy analysis. Results show that Labidocera euchaeta and Tortanus vermiculus were dominant species in the study scope. The turnover rate of dominant zooplankton was greater (>50%) in spring while the species number was higher in summer. The dominant species were estuarine, offshore, and eurytopic based on the adaptation to salinity. In spring, the ecological groups were dominated by estuarine species, while in summer by estuarine and offshore species. In addition, the nMDS showed that the dominant species in the same ecological group were more dispersed and not prominently clustered; the dominant species were staggered among different ecological groups. The temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll a were the main environmental factors on the distribution of the dominant species in spring, while in summer were dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, and pH. The domination of medusae of Nemopsis bachei and Pleurobrachia globosa in zooplankton community in spring, and the continuous decrease in abundance of L. euchaeta reflected the effects of local climate change. The temperature and salinity changes in different years and the subsequent response of zooplankton reflected the influence of freshwater intrusion and/or ocean currents. Zooplankton in similar ecological habits exhibited the competitive exclusion in terms of co-existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaysia has been celebrated as a diverse nation since 1963. However, interethnic relations remain difficult as distrust appears to continue between the majority Malays and minority groups. This is the common narrative in Peninsular Malaysia. In East Malaysia, there is no clear ethnic majority population, which is also the case in Sarawak. Although the government has usually grouped together the Malays and indigenous people for nation-building purposes, it must be noted that the different backgrounds create a heterogeneous “majority” in Malaysia. This diversity may even explain the different views among the Malays in Kuala Lumpur and in Kuching, Sarawak regarding government policies. This study seeks to discover the perception of these two groups on issues including religion, ethnicity, law, politics, and education. Using elite interviews and a pilot survey, this study found that there seems to be a convergence relating to religious issues but divergence on other matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The rationale for this paper is a description of a patient from Southeast Europe with genetically confirmed Huntington’s disease (HD), coexisting with sporadic, bulbar-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To the best of our knowledge, the total number of reported cases with confirmed coexistence of HD and ALS is less than 20. Thus, it is an extremely rare condition speculated to be in a range from 2 to 6 per billion, and data from this part of the World are completely missing. Case presentation: Here we report a 72-year-old female with a family history of HD who had generalized chorea and hyperreflexia. Using the PCR-based test for the detection of the CAG triplet repeat expansion, the presence of HD was confirmed. After several months, our patient had progressively developed dysarthria and dysphagia, followed by spastic quadriparesis, generalized muscle wasting, spontaneous fasciculations and sialorrhea. The diagnosis of definite ALS was established based on the patient’s neurological status, electromyography findings and current El Escorial criteria. Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the need for the recognition of the co-occurrence of clinically distinct and rare genetic disorders, such as HD and ALS. New insights from the studies dealing with these rare topics could significantly contribute to the contest of new gene therapy trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is concerned with analyzing the image of the other in literary texts where the people and cultures meet. This literary genre is considered one of the most critical areas of comparative literature studies in modern criticism. The study aims to prepare the students for comparative studies, one of the most essential domains that can benefit language learners. It enables the students to become familiar with and hold contrastive studies between Arabic as their mother tongue and the other languages and increase their linguistic proficiency. In addition, access to such studies or the experience of conducting them develops the learner's skills and abilities to understand, analyze, and track intellectual and reading coherence. Comparative literary studies have recently turned towards the novel to examine the image of nations and people in the writings of some of them in this literary genre. The narrative specificity of this genre is considered very important, as are people and cultures and the multiplicity of relationships of effect and influence among one another. From the importance of this standpoint comes the idea of this research, which seeks to Study the image of the Western Other in the novel "Albadawi Alsaqeer" (The Young Bedouin) by the Saudi novelist Maqbool Al-Alawi. This is due to its heavy reliance in its structure on the "Western Other" in its various manifestations and dimensions. They consider it looked at this other with a neutral and balanced vision that differed from the prevailing fictional writings that dealt with the relationship between the East and the West. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995) is the historic background of this paper, as produced in the documents presented during international and national trials concerning war crimes committed during this period. A literature review forms the analytical basis and contains various empirical and theoretical studies from the fields of philosophy, war sociology, and social epistemology. The aim of this paper is to analyse the normative orientations and social values that affect (1) the feelings of moral and social understanding (or non-understanding) after the genocide and the joint criminal enterprise in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the context of legitimizing transitional capitalism, (2) the actions of individuals, organizations, and states as well as the entire social community in the post-war society, and (3) the process of reconciliation and trust in post-war society. The analysis makes evident the usual tendency in a post-war society to deify one's own ethnic (religious) group, while the consequence of such false self-infatuation with "our" collective is that the "other" that is not ours becomes undesirable. It must be, as evidence of patriotism and unconditional emotional loyalty to "our holy issue", wiped out for good. Ethnic cleansings, joint criminal enterprises, and genocides thus become a normal means of ethnopolitical—i.e. biopolitical—"management of differences". At the same time, ethnocorruption and ethnobanditry can erroneously be qualified as the least transparent and, for social and criminological research, the most difficult phenomena (or manifestations) of social pathology. The difficulty lies in the fact that ethnocorruption and ethnobanditry are in many respects related and intertwined with the simultaneous institutional and organizational processes of regulating (or not regulating) the economic and political globalization and transfer of ownership during the transition from socialist self-management to a new type of economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is based on the importance of co-existence in urban housing and the search for methods that are capable of increasing the forms and tendencies of dwellers' participation. Today, with shifting roles in architecture, it is essential to adopt an approach that involves architects, designers, planners, experts, and dwellers to create a fusion of different housing approaches. Therefore, how can a seamless collaboration be established in cities such as Istanbul, where participation is relatively low? A possible approach to rethinking co-existence as a design process is to apply transdisciplinary (TR) approaches through architecture and design charrettes that enable active participation through open and interactive dialogues. Therefore, architectural charrettes play a role in the application of transgressing conventional modes of participatory processes, replacing them with the TR approach's development of an open and interactive atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of our circadian rhythm, discussions about nature unveil a myriad of contrasting dimensions. Living beings are an integral component of the natural order, akin to other creatures on Earth. Often labelled as both environmental degraders and nature protectors, humans exist within the interconnected web of nature and the environment. The significance of the environment has been vital throughout history, and the deterioration of the natural world raises concerns for all living entities. The surge in environmental awareness has become apparent with the widespread adoption of technology in society. This paper aims to shed light on the rural framework of the contentedly residing Padaung ethnic group within a village, exploring how their lives are intricately intertwined with nature, serving as their primary sustenance source. Pascal Khoo Thwe's 2002 memoir, From the Land of Green Ghosts, underscores the importance of the landscape and natural forests in showcasing the culture of the Padaung Hill ethnic group. These forests, functioning as both sources of green vegetables and hunting grounds for wild animals, depict the community as environmental stewards. The memoir emphasizes the community's cultivation of crops not readily available in the surrounding forests, highlighting their resilience in the face of border-related challenges. Despite the pervasive influence of Western culture on the author's experiences, the analysis aims to underscore the paradox that those who alter their environment can also assume roles as its guardians. Bridging this divide is crucial, emphasizing the need for collective efforts to preserve the natural world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional compartmental models describe the evolution of a virus over a population of nodes; one common model separates the population into compartments of susceptible, infected, and removed nodes. More complex bi-virus models describe this evolution for two competing viruses in the same population, having an additional parameter known as the virus interaction factor, which defines the effect one virus has on the rate of infection of another. Although these models are generally used in the context of infectious diseases, they could also describe the spread of ideas, or competing products in a market of consumers. In this paper, a new model was proposed that added separate interaction factors for each virus, differentiating the effects of viruses on one another. Adding this additional parameter will allow for more accurate interactions to be modeled and analyzed. A focus was placed on the limiting behavior of this model, an eventual end-state equilibrium where the number of nodes in each compartment remains constant. Relationships between the virus interaction factors and the strengths of the viruses on the limiting behavior were identified. Finally, a complete numerical solution to the model and a condition for real-valued limiting behaviors was calculated and tested against the simulation data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]