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The production of yarns and synthetic fibers is of great importance for numerous industrial sectors, such as the textile, composite material, biomedical, and civil construction industries. The utilization of cellulose microfibrils (CNFs) for filament production still requires further research, given the challenges associated with the coagulation process. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to the development of materials that can be combined with CNFs to improve coagulation. This study aimed to develop an acetone spinning method to produce filaments from CNFs combined with xanthan (XG) and guar (GG) gums. Three types of filament architecture were tested: monocomponent (MONO), bicomponent (BI), and mixed component (MIX). XG filaments were evaluated at three coagulation times (90, 120, and 150 s) and GG filaments at a single coagulation time (120 s). Morphological analysis showed that gums contributed to improving external structure. BI filaments were rounder, exhibited lower stress concentration, and showed the highest mechanical resistance after 120 s of coagulation (XG = 27.97 MPa, GG = 28.69 MPa). Water absorption tests showed that the developed filaments hold great potential as absorbent materials, representing an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic polymer absorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Prolonged coagulation times, such as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT), are common in patients infected with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and have been confirmed to be related to patient's poor outcome by previous studies. To find out the reason for prolonged coagulation time in patients with SFTSV infection, and whether it predicts haemorrhagic risk or not. Seventy‐eight consecutive patients with confirmed SFTSV infection were enrolled in this prospective, single‐centre, observational study. Several global and specific coagulation parameters of these patients on admission were detected, and the haemorrhagic events during hospitalization and their outcomes were recorded. Most of the enrolled patients had prolonged APTT (82.1%) and TT (80.8%), normal prothrombin time (83.3%) and intrinsic coagulation factors above haemostatic levels (97.4%). The heparin‐like effect was confirmed by a protamine neutralization test and anti‐Xa activity detection in most patients. Interestingly, the APTT and TT results were significantly positively correlated with the levels of endothelial markers and viral load, respectively. The APTT was independently associated with the haemorrhage of patients. The prolonged APTT and TT of SFTS patients may mainly be attributed to endogenous heparinoids and are associated with increased haemorrhagic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this work, a hemostatic hydrogel is synthesized from biodegradable and biocompatible natural resources, namely chitosan and lactic acid. Without harsh chemicals as catalysts, the graft polymerization of lactic acid onto the chitosan backbone is carried out utilizing a domestic microwave to stimulate the grafting reaction, and create a physically cross-linked hydrogel. Structural characterization of the prepared hydrogel is performed using Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), whereas morphological changes are determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro and in vivo tests are conducted to investigate the hemostatic performance of the hydrogel. The results of In vitro results reveal the effectiveness of the hydrogel in hemostasis, where it exhibits a significant low value of blood coagulation index (3.3%), a remarkable decrease in blood clotting time (110 s), and a good ability to adsorb red blood cells (45.6%) in comparison with the control samples. Furthermore, the findings of blood coagulation index and erythrocytes adsorption tests are remarkably better than those of some commercially available hemostatic products (GelSpon and Gas Hydrophel bandage). In addition, the in vivo test on mice shows that the hydrogel reduces blood coagulation time (58 s) in comparison with the regular physiological conditions without using any hemostatic material (93 s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By harmonizing the pre-preparation conditions and also removing some donors’ variations, the current study took one step forward to investigate whether different leukocyte filtration sets influence the quality of RBCs throughout the storage time. Twelve whole blood units were collected, and each unit was split into three equal parts. Thirty-six divided bags were filtered using three different leukocyte-filtration sets including Red Cell and Whole Blood Filters (12 units per filter). The prepared RBCs were refrigerated for up to 42 days and assessed for microvesicle count and size, clotting- and prothrombin time, hemolysis index, and biochemical parameters. A significant increment in erythrocytes microvesicle count (EMVs/μL) was observed during the time in the three filtration sets. The number of EMVs in WBF-RBCs was higher (~1.6 fold) than in F-RCF on day 42 (p=0.035). Interestingly the median fluorescence intensity of EMVs decreased during the storage. The size of MVs rose during the time without any significant differences among the filters. Coagulation time decreased in RBCs over the storage, with no significant differences among the filters. Hemolysis index and lactate concentration increased while glucose level decreased significantly throughout the time. The changes in WBF-RBCs were more drastic rather than RCF-RBCs. The only significant difference in the count of EMVs was between WBF and F-RCF components on day 42. Though the changes in WBF products were more drastic, all the values fell within the standard limits. Accordingly, all three filtration sets can be considered.

In the present study, we aimed to observe the effects of ethanol extract of Oxalis corniculata L. on bleeding time (BT) and coagulation time (CT) and determine its acute toxicity in mice. Firstly, the ethanol extract of O. corniculata was administered to 40 mice, which were randomly divided into the normal control group, Yunnan Baiyao control group, low-dose group, and high-dose group. The low-dose (0.6 g/kg) and high-dose (1.2 g/kg) groups received ethanol extract of O. corniculata by gavage, and the BT and CT of the mice were measured by the slide method and tail clipping method, respectively. Secondly, the median lethal dose method was used with 50 mice to observe the physiological state, poisoning reaction, and death of the mice after intragastric administration. Finally, on the 14th day of the experiment, a necropsy was performed to observe any abnormality of the organs. In conclusion, in the coagulation and hemostasis tests, there were no statistical differences between the groups (P > 0.05), while there was a significant dose-response relationship, and the BT and CT were significantly shorter than those of the negative control group, which were comparable to the Yunnan Baiyao control group. Moreover, in the acute toxicity test, the median lethal dose of ethanol extract of O. corniculata was 6.0291 g/kg, with a 95% confidence interval of 5.3065–6.7829 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By harmonizing the pre-preparation conditions and also removing some donors' variations, the current study took one step forward to investigate whether different leukocyte filtration sets influence the quality of RBCs throughout the storage time. Twelve whole blood units were collected, and each unit was split into three equal parts. Thirty-six divided bags were filtered using three different leukocyte-filtration sets including Red Cell and Whole Blood Filters (12 units per filter). The prepared RBCs were refrigerated for up to 42 days and assessed for microvesicle count and size, clotting- and prothrombin time, hemolysis index, and biochemical parameters. A significant increment in erythrocytes microvesicle count (EMVs/µL) was observed during the time in the three filtration sets. The number of EMVs in WBF-RBCs was higher (~1.6 fold) than in F-RCF on day 42 (p=0.035). Interestingly the median fluorescence intensity of EMVs decreased during the storage. The size of MVs rose during the time without any significant differences among the filters. Coagulation time decreased in RBCs over the storage, with no significant differences among the filters. Hemolysis index and lactate concentration increased while glucose level decreased significantly throughout the time. The changes in WBF-RBCs were more drastic rather than RCF-RBCs. The only significant difference in the count of EMVs was between WBF and F-RCF components on day 42. Though the changes in WBF products were more drastic, all the values fell within the standard limits. Accordingly, all three filtration sets can be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two phases are generally recognized in the enzymatic coagulation of milk: hydrolysis and aggregation, although nowadays more and more researchers consider the non-enzymatic phase to actually be a stage of gel formation made up of two sub-stages: micellar aggregation and hardening of the three-dimensional network of para-κ-casein. To evaluate this controversy, the main descriptive models have been reviewed. Most of them can only model micellar aggregation, without modeling the hardening stage. Some are not generalizable enough. However, more recent models have been proposed, applicable to a wide range of conditions, which could differentiate both substages. Manufacturing quality enzymatic cheeses in a cost-effective and consistent manner requires effective control of coagulation, which implies studying the non-enzymatic sub-stages of coagulation separately, as numerous studies require specific measurement methods for each of them. Some authors have recently reviewed the micellar aggregation models, but without differentiating it from hardening. Therefore, a review of the proposed models is necessary, as coagulation cannot be controlled without knowing its mechanisms and the stages that constitute it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a fundamental frequency of 13 MHz and a thickness-increased n-m-type electrode are adopted to improve the frequency response of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to blood coagulation. The thrombin time (TT) and viscosity of standard plasma were measured with this specially designed QCM at different reaction temperatures, and the results were compared with those of a commercial coagulometer and capillary viscometer. The results showed that the frequency shift caused by blood coagulation is greatly enhanced and more than twice that of a traditional QCM. Also, a higher reaction temperature not only accelerates the coagulation reaction but also weakens the frequency response. A comparison between the plasma viscosity measured with the QCM and that measured with the capillary viscometer shows that the QCM can measure plasma viscosity well on the basis of the theory of the liquid attenuation layer. Our research indicates that QCM-based coagulation measurement can not only measure the coagulation time but also the plasma viscosity, which is meaningful for related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, different effective parameters (temperature, reaction time, and pH) on the synthesis of quercetin‐assisted silver nanoparticles (QE‐AgNPs) are optimized. These biogenic NPs are characterized by different physico‐chemical analyses, including transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV‐visible spectroscopy. In addition, the biological properties of QE‐AgNPs are evaluated through antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, hemolysis, and coagulation time assays. The formation of QE‐AgNPs is affected by different parameters. The optimum condition for the synthesis of QE‐AgNPs is attained at 70 °C and pH 7. Prepared QE‐AgNPs show a spherical shape with a crystalline nature and an average particle size of 20 ± 3.6 nm. The role of QE as a reducing and capping agent in the preparation process of QE‐AgNPs is demonstrated using FTIR analysis. These NPs with excellent antioxidant activity (82.3% at a concentration of 400 µg mL−1) and anti‐inflammatory properties (82.5% and 100% at concentrations of 37.25 and 500 µg mL−1, respectively), show good antimicrobial effects, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the results of the hemolytic and coagulation assay of QE‐AgNPs indicate their hemo‐compatibility. Therefore, hemo/bio‐compatible QE‐AgNPs with excellent and unique properties can be employed in different medicinal and pharmacological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In the present study, different effective parameters (temperature, reaction time, and pH) on the synthesis of quercetin‐assisted silver nanoparticles (QE‐AgNPs) are optimized. These biogenic NPs are characterized by different physico‐chemical analyses, including transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and UV‐visible spectroscopy. In addition, the biological properties of QE‐AgNPs are evaluated through antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, hemolysis, and coagulation time assays. The formation of QE‐AgNPs is affected by different parameters. The optimum condition for the synthesis of QE‐AgNPs is attained at 70 °C and pH 7. Prepared QE‐AgNPs show a spherical shape with a crystalline nature and an average particle size of 20 ± 3.6 nm. The role of QE as a reducing and capping agent in the preparation process of QE‐AgNPs is demonstrated using FTIR analysis. These NPs with excellent antioxidant activity (82.3% at a concentration of 400 µg mL−1) and anti‐inflammatory properties (82.5% and 100% at concentrations of 37.25 and 500 µg mL−1, respectively), show good antimicrobial effects, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the results of the hemolytic and coagulation assay of QE‐AgNPs indicate their hemo‐compatibility. Therefore, hemo/bio‐compatible QE‐AgNPs with excellent and unique properties can be employed in different medicinal and pharmacological applications.

The aim of our experiment was to assess changes in milk yield, composition and renneting parameters (pH, titratable acidity, coagulation time and curd quality) of sheep milk in the course of lactation and their relationships in the Lacaune ewes (n = 8), reared under intensive nutrition. The stage of lactation (SL) had a conclusive effect on the daily milk yield (DMY) and contents of all basic milk compounds. The DMY and fat content were relatively high during whole lactation. In our opinion these trends were influenced by the quite intensive nutrition. The SL had inconclusive effect on pH. In contrast, the SL had a conclusive effect on titratable acidity (TA) of milk. The correlations between the pH and all other indicators, with the exception of the coagulation time (CT), were inconclusive. Also most correlations between the TA and all other indicators monitored were inconclusive. The SL had inconclusive effect on the CT and curd quality (CQ). In our opinion, relatively balanced values of the CT and CQ during lactation indicate on the good health state and correct nutrition of ewes.

Various factors affect rennet coagulation and consequently cheese yield, but the subject of research has been mainly the cow milk. For the purpose of goat cheese production optimization, this paper investigated the influence of enzyme concentration (0.01–0.054 g/L), pH (6.5–6.1) and temperature (27–35 °C) on rennet coagulation of goat milk. Coagulation time (RCT), aggregation rate (AR), and gel firmness (G’60 and GF), were measured by oscillatory rheometry. The decrease in rennet concentration extended RCT. At lower rennet concentrations, a lower AR was recorded, which ranged from 0.02 Pa/s to 0.05 Pa/s. The decrease in pH from 6.5 to 6.1 caused a two times shorter RCT, and a two times faster AR. There was no effect of pH on the firmness of the rennet gel. The increase in coagulation temperature from 27 °C to 35 °C reduced the RCT of pasteurized milk from 12.6 min to 8.6 min, and caused a linear increase in the AR, but did not significantly affect the firmness of the gel. The present study revealed that the optimization of the rennet coagulation process could be directed towards pH lowering, or temperature increase, since they accelerate the process, but do not alter the examined gel firmness parameters.

Two phases are generally recognized in the enzymatic coagulation of milk: hydrolysis and aggregation, although nowadays more and more researchers consider the non-enzymatic phase to actually be a stage of gel formation made up of two sub-stages: micellar aggregation and hardening of the three-dimensional network of para-κ-casein. To evaluate this controversy, the main descriptive models have been reviewed. Most of them can only model micellar aggregation, without modeling the hardening stage. Some are not generalizable enough. However, more recent models have been proposed, applicable to a wide range of conditions, which could differentiate both substages. Manufacturing quality enzymatic cheeses in a cost-effective and consistent manner requires effective control of coagulation, which implies studying the non-enzymatic sub-stages of coagulation separately, as numerous studies require specific measurement methods for each of them. Some authors have recently reviewed the micellar aggregation models, but without differentiating it from hardening. Therefore, a review of the proposed models is necessary, as coagulation cannot be controlled without knowing its mechanisms and the stages that constitute it.

Current evaluations of the anticoagulant diphacinone for field control of introduced rodents in New Zealand include risk assessment with respect to non-target mortality, secondary poisoning, and environmental contamination. As non-target wildlife of rodent control operations, feral pigs may be exposed to vertebrate pesticides if they access toxic baits or scavenge the carcasses of poisoned animals. Feral pigs are also a significant resource for recreational hunters who harvest wild pork for food, hence the need to assess the risks of human exposure to diphacinone residues through feral pigs. Pen trials with domestic pigs were used to evaluate the potential for pig mortality through oral exposure to diphacinone and the residual persistence of diphacinone in pig tissues following a sublethal exposure. In the first trial, pigs were offered palatable food containing diphacinone doses of 12.5 mg/kg, 0.25 mg/kg/day for 3 days, or 0.5 mg/kg/day for 5 days. Significant elevations in coagulation time tests were measured 2 days after dosing, but these had returned to baseline values by 7 days. Two of the dosed pigs were euthanased due to lameness, which was accompanied by elevated prothrombin times and severe hemorrhage in a leg joint. In the second trial, pigs were dosed with 12.5 mg/kg diphacinone and then euthanased in groups for tissue sampling at Days 1, 4, and 10. Liver, muscle, and fat samples were analysed for diphacinone residues using an HPLC method. Data fitted to an exponential decay model estimated the hepatic elimination half-life as between 5.43 days (overall) and 14.12 days (terminal phase only). Half-lives of diphacinone in pig muscle and fat were 4.48 and 2.29 days respectively. A conservative withholding period of approximately 160 days is suggested before feral pigs should be taken for human consumption from areas where diphacinone baits have been used. This would minimize the likelihood of detectable diphacinone residues (≥0.02 µg/g) occurring in wild pork.

The effectiveness of woven and nonwoven polyester support and coagulation time during membrane formation on the performance and characterization of prepared membranes was studied. The blend membranes of polyvinylchloride with cellulose acetate were prepared by the immersion precipitation process. The prepared membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry and a mechanical test. Membrane performance was tested using a feed of different synthetic salt solutions. The results proved that the prepared membrane using woven support provided the highest permeate flux and good salt rejection (93.3%) for a salty solution concentration of 20,000 ppm. The stress-strain mechanical test indicated that the excellent mechanical behavior was shown for membranes prepared with a woven support, which has a strength of 12.6 N/cm2 with an elongation of 25 mm for M8. A fouling test was carried out using a mixture solution of salt and humic acid. Using the prepared membranes with woven support provided the best antifouling properties with a flux recovery of 99.2% compared with a flux recovery of 96% using the prepared membrane without support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our experiment was to assess changes in milk yield, composition and renneting parameters (pH, titratable acidity, coagulation time and curd quality) of sheep milk in the course of lactation and their relationships in the Lacaune ewes (n = 8), reared under intensive nutrition. The stage of lactation (SL) had a conclusive effect on the daily milk yield (DMY) and contents of all basic milk compounds. The DMY and fat content were relatively high during whole lactation. In our opinion these trends were influenced by the quite intensive nutrition. The SL had inconclusive effect on pH. In contrast, the SL had a conclusive effect on titratable acidity (TA) of milk. The correlations between the pH and all other indicators, with the exception of the coagulation time (CT), were inconclusive. Also most correlations between the TA and all other indicators monitored were inconclusive. The SL had inconclusive effect on the CT and curd quality (CQ). In our opinion, relatively balanced values of the CT and CQ during lactation indicate on the good health state and correct nutrition of ewes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging viral pathogen, Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) is a severe threat to the farmed and wild crustaceans, and it can spread between shrimp and crabs. Although swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) was identified as one of the DIV1 susceptible species by experimental infection mimicking the natural pathway, no case of natural infection was reported to date. Samples of Po. trituberculatus suffered from severe mortality were collected from a farm in Shandong Province of China. Diseased Po. trituberculatus exhibited slow movement and loss of appetite, while dying crabs showed empty stomachs and guts. Real-time PCR revealed that Po. trituberculatus samples were DIV1 positive and had a very high DIV1 load (up to 5.68 × 1010 copies/μg DNA) in gill tissue. Histopathological examination revealed eosinophilic inclusions and pyknosis in the hemocytes of the Po. trituberculatus gill tissue. Transmission electron microscopy of ultrathin sections showed that there were typical DIV1 particles in the gill tissue and hemocytes, which confirmed the disease of the farmed Po. trituberculatus was caused by the infection with Decapod iridescent virus 1 (iDIV1). Further bioassay by oral administration with tissues of diseased crabs and hemolymph coagulation examination showed that the diseased Po. trituberculatus had a significantly longer coagulation time than in healthy individuals. This study reported a severe case of natural infection with DIV1 in cultured swimming crab, further confirming the risk of DIV1 to the swimming crab farming industry and providing a new approach for on-site diagnosis of iDIV1 or other potential pathogens in Po. trituberculatus. • A disease outbreak of farmed Portunus trituberculatus has caused serious damage to this farm. • The evidence consistently confirmed that the farmed swimming crab were infected with DIV1. • Bioassay showed that the diseased Po. trituberculatus had a significantly longer coagulation time than in the healthy crab. • This study further confirming the risk of DIV1 to the swimming crab farming industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of coagulation time, the number of coagulation bath and ingredients on the properties of continuous graphene oxide fibre has been analyzed. It is observed that the number of coagulation baths and coagulation time affect the fibre morphology, electrical conductivity, and tenacity of fibre. Also, addition of the ingredient (ethylenediamine) results in lower strength and highest fibre count together with darker, curly, and rough fibre structure. It can be suggested that among all the samples, the sample with 1 coagulation bath and 2 min coagulation time can be preferred if electrical conductivity is more important than fibre tenacity. However, if fibre tenacity is the issue, preference of the sample with 3 coagulation baths and 2 min coagulation time will be more convenient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential parameter in the cheese-making industry is the coagulation time because it marks the end point of the enzymatic phase and the start point of the aggregation. Furthermore, it is used to evaluate the cutting time that characterizes the time at which curd is cut. This paper proposes a non-destructive ultrasonic pulse-echo to monitor in real-time the acoustic impedance of milk during cheese manufacturing in order to predict the coagulation time. The evolution of the acoustic impedance is going through two phases the enzymatic phase and the aggregation phase. The transition point between these two phases defines the milk coagulation time. Three rennet concentrations and three temperatures were considered in our experiments to study the effect of these factors on coagulating milk. The experimental results prove that our proposed method determines the coagulation time with efficiency, and it is more simple compared with our previous work in which the phase velocity was used to determine the milk coagulation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A non-destructive ultrasonic method is proposed to control the rennet-induced coagulation of milk during cheese production based on the Argand diagram. The evolution of the resonance width of a plate immersed in the milk during coagulation determines the coagulation time. Based on the Argand diagram the resonance width evolves over two steps easily identifiable, corresponding to the stages of coagulation. It increases to a maximum and then it decreases over time during the enzymatic coagulation of milk, under three levels of temperature and three levels of rennet concentration. This maximum identifies the coagulation time. The experimental results and theoretical model agree closely with each other and proves the effectiveness of our proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk and dairy products are high-value foods; however, consumers suffering from lactose intolerance are not able to enjoy the nutritional benefits of these commodities. There are more and more researches and developments focusing on lowering the lactose content of milk and dairy foods in order to make them available for lactose intolerant people. In this study, we examined the coagulation time, product quality, texture profile properties, and syneresis of yoghurts prepared from lactose-free milk. Significant differences were observed between the control and lactose-free milks with respect to coagulation time and texture profile. The first rupture time, the hardness, and the adhesion force of the lactose-free yoghurt were higher compared to the control product. We observed remarkable difference between the whey leakage of control and lactose free yoghurt samples (21.47% and 14.63%). Results coming from instrumental texture profile analyses showed that the preliminary lactose hydrolysis of milk resulted a firmer texture. It was confirmed by the results of sensory evaluation, and considering the texture and taste, there was significant difference between the control and lactose-free yoghurts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the changes of platelet (PLT) function and coagulation time before and after plateletpheresis donation. Material and methods The healthy donors were divided into four groups according to the annual number of plateletpheresis donation: 20 times group, 15 times group, 10 times group and 5 times group. The healthy non-blood donors were selected as controls. The donation interval was 14 days. The blood samples were collected before plateletpheresis donation and after 30 min, 7 d, and 14 d of donation for determination of coagulation time, PLT function, plasma protein, serum iron and blood routine change. Results After 30 min of plateletpheresis donation, the PLT function decreased and the coagulation time was prolonged. However, PLT function recovered to the pre-collection after 7 d of plateletpheresis donation and coagulation time recovered to the pre-collection after 14 d of plateletpheresis donation. Additionally, there was no difference regarding blood coagulation time and PLT function among blood donors and controls. The plasma protein and serum iron levels in 20 times and 15 times groups were within the normal reference range. Conclusion The frequency of plateletpheresis donation will not affect PLT function, coagulation time, plasma protein and serum iron in donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound detection techniques are interesting alternatives to monitor several industrial processes. It is known that they are nondestructive, noninvasive, robust and generally low cost when compared with other monitoring techniques. The evolution of the ultrasonic speed and the ultrasonic attenuation for compressional waves has been proposed by different authors as a tool to monitor the coagulation of milk. However, most of the studies published were performed in laboratory conditions, which not necessarily simulate the industrial process reality. In this work, the suitability of ultrasonic speed and ultrasonic attenuation for on-line milk coagulation monitoring was evaluated. Different experiments were conducted in order to study the potential of these techniques as well as possible limitations to their industrial use. The results obtained showed that both techniques could be applied in high controlled laboratory conditions, and could be used in experiments performed in parallel with the industrial process. However, limitations to their on-line application were also found. The main limitation for ultrasonic speed application was its strong dependence with temperature, whereas in the case of attenuation a deposition of an interfering element on the transducer’s surface affected the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to determine the effects of physical exercise on thrombin time and coagulation time in male rats. Male Wistar rats (n=40) weighing 90-100 gr were divided into two groups; control group (without exercise) and experimental group (exercise). In each group animals were divided into two subgroups: 30 days old rats and 90 days old rats . Blood samples were collected from rat tail tip in several stages as before and after physical exercise from experimental group and control group, to determine of coagulation time. Exercise programs included; swimming on water pool until five minute in experimental groups were performed. All of the rats were done autopsy. Thrombin time was measured for each tissue. Our data showed that in 30 days old rats, physical exercise significantly decreased thrombin time on all of tissues as compared baseline values in control group (P<0.001). In contrast, effect of exercise in 90 days old rats was not showed the same changes. In conclusion, these results suggest that there is a functional relationship between the exercise on changes of haemostatic parameters in different tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whey protein was used in the manufacture of soft cheese to compensate the fat flavor. The effect of whey powder or its precipitated proteins on coagulation time and curd tension. In first stage, whey powder was added at 1, 2, 3 and 4 % to the milk directly and heated at 90°c for 1 minute to precipitate whey protein. In the second stage, whey proteins were precipitated by acid and heating then added to pasteurized milk at 2, 4 and 6 %. Results showed that heating the milk had increased the coagulation time, while adding whey powder had reduced it according to the added percentages, but no as well as raw milk. Adding whey curd (proteins) resulted in increasing the coagulation time compared with raw and pasteurized milk samples. Nevertheless, the curd tension was reduced with the addition of whey powder and whey proteins with no significant effects were noticed among treatments.

In five herds of purebred Holstein dairy cows, altogether 220 bulk milk samples were collected with the following average parameters: rennet coagulation time (RCT) 265.2 sec., titratable acidity 6.40 °SH, active acidity 6.72 pH, specific density 1.0281 kg.l−1, fat content 3.81 g.100g−1, protein content 3.28 g.100g−1, lactose content 4.72 g.100g−1, and content of solids non-fat content 8.89 g.100g−1; average values of milk batch volume per herd and diurnal air temperature were 6,072 kg and 8.02 °C, respectively. It was found out that the variable “season“ (spring, summer, autumn or winter) significantly influenced nearly all parameters under study (the only exceptions were values of titratable acidity and milk batch volume). As compared with all other seasons, the significantly shortest RCT was recorded in summer. Further it was also found out that the variable “herd” influenced all parameters with the exception of average diurnal air temperature. Regardless to differences existing among individual herds, the shortest average RCT was recorded always in summer.

El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar la utilidad del tripolifosfato de sodio (TPF) como anticoagulante en diferentes determinaciones hematológicas en seres humanos. Muestras de sangre venosa procedentes de adultos sanos de ambos sexos fueron anticoaguladas con TPF, sales dipotásicas del ácido etilendiaminotetraacético (EDTA) y citrato de sodio. Las muestras anticoaguladas con EDTA y citrato de sodio fueron utilizadas como controles. Al comparar los valores obtenidos en todas las pruebas realizadas se encontró que la sangre anticoagulada con TPF ofreció resultados similares a las tratadas con los anticoagulantes usados como controles. Los resultados muestran que es posible la utilización del TPF para la determinación de los parámetros de hematología completa y tiempos de coagulación, permitiendo el uso de una sola muestra con menos volumen sanguíneo, lo cual resultaría beneficioso para los pacientes en quienes la extracción de importantes volúmenes de sangre es en ocasiones difícil y molesta.The aim of present study was to assess the usefulness of anticoagulant sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) in different hematologic determinations in human beings. Venous blood samples from healthy adults of both sexes were anticoagulated with TPP, dipotassium salts of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) and sodium citrate. Anticoagulated samples with EDTA and sodium citrate were used as controls. Verifying the values achieved in all tests performed we noted that anticoagulated blood with TPP offered results similar to those treated with anticoagulant used as controls. Results show that it is possible the use of TPP to determine the parameters of total hematology and coagulation times, allowing the use of only one sample with less blood volume, which could be beneficial for patients in which blood collection in significant volumes in occasions is difficult and annoying.