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In many areas of the world, population growth and land development have increased demand for land and other natural resources. Coastal areas are particularly susceptible since they are conducive for marine transportation, energy production, aquaculture, marine tourism and other activities. Anthropogenic activities in the coastal areas have triggered unprecedented land use change, depletion of coastal wetlands, loss of biodiversity, and degradation of other vital ecosystem services. The changes can be particularly drastic for small coastal islands with rich biodiversity. In this study, the influence of human modification on land surface temperature (LST) for the coastal island Hainan in Southern China was investigated. We hypothesize that for this island, footprints of human activities are linked to the variation of land surface temperature, which could indicate environmental degradation. To test this hypothesis, we estimated LST changes between 2000 and 2016 and computed the spatio-temporal correlation between LST and human modification. Specifically, we classified temperature data for the four years 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2016 into 5 temperature zones based on their respective mean and standard deviation values. We then assessed the correlation between each temperature zone and a human modification index computed for the year 2016. Apart from this, we estimated mean, maximum and the standard deviation of annual temperature for each pixel in the 17 years to assess the links with human modification. The results showed that: (1) The mean LST temperature in Hainan Island increased with fluctuations from 2000 to 2016. (2) The moderate temperature zones were dominant in the island during the four years included in this study. (3) A strong positive correlation of 0.72 between human modification index and mean and maximum LST temperature indicated a potential link between human modification and mean and maximum LST temperatures over the 17 years of analysis. (4) The mean value of human modification index in the temperature zones in 2016 showed a progressive rise with 0.24 in the low temperature zone, 0.33 in the secondary moderate, 0.45 in the moderate, 0.54 in the secondary high and 0.61 in the high temperature zones. This work highlighted the potential value of using large and multi-temporal earth observation datasets from cloud platforms to assess the influence of human activities in sensitive ecosystems. The results could contribute to the development of sustainable management and coastal ecosystems conservation plans.

In many areas of the world, population growth and land development have increased demand for land and other natural resources. Coastal areas are particularly susceptible since they are conducive for marine transportation, energy production, aquaculture, marine tourism and other activities. Anthropogenic activities in the coastal areas have triggered unprecedented land use change, depletion of coastal wetlands, loss of biodiversity, and degradation of other vital ecosystem services. The changes can be particularly drastic for small coastal islands with rich biodiversity. In this study, the influence of human modification on land surface temperature (LST) for the coastal island Hainan in Southern China was investigated. We hypothesize that for this island, footprints of human activities are linked to the variation of land surface temperature, which could indicate environmental degradation. To test this hypothesis, we estimated LST changes between 2000 and 2016 and computed the spatio-temporal correlation between LST and human modification. Specifically, we classified temperature data for the four years 2000, 2006, 2012 and 2016 into 5 temperature zones based on their respective mean and standard deviation values. We then assessed the correlation between each temperature zone and a human modification index computed for the year 2016. Apart from this, we estimated mean, maximum and the standard deviation of annual temperature for each pixel in the 17 years to assess the links with human modification. The results showed that: (1) The mean LST temperature in Hainan Island increased with fluctuations from 2000 to 2016. (2) The moderate temperature zones were dominant in the island during the four years included in this study. (3) A strong positive correlation of 0.72 between human modification index and mean and maximum LST temperature indicated a potential link between human modification and mean and maximum LST temperatures over the 17 years of analysis. (4) The mean value of human modification index in the temperature zones in 2016 showed a progressive rise with 0.24 in the low temperature zone, 0.33 in the secondary moderate, 0.45 in the moderate, 0.54 in the secondary high and 0.61 in the high temperature zones. This work highlighted the potential value of using large and multi-temporal earth observation datasets from cloud platforms to assess the influence of human activities in sensitive ecosystems. The results could contribute to the development of sustainable management and coastal ecosystems conservation plans. (VLID)4869414

Studies of the vegetation on islands off the coast of southeastern Brazil are still very scarce, despite their importance for assessing, managing, and conserving insular biodiversity. We present here a list of the vascular flora of Queimada Grande Island (QGI; 24°29′10″ S, 46°40′30″ W, 57 ha, 33.2 km from the coast) in southeastern Brazil and describe its phytophysiognomies. The island is covered mainly by Atlantic Forest (Dense Ombrophilous Forest), as well as with rock outcrop and anthropogenic vegetation with herbaceous-shrub phytophysiognomies. QGI showed relatively low species richness (S = 125) when compared to other Brazilian coastal islands. Herbaceous (52) and climbing species (31) predominated on QGI. The richest families were Fabaceae (11 species), Poaceae (9), and Apocynaceae, Asteraceae and Orchidaceae (8 species each). Most species (S = 112) are autochthonous from different phytophysiognomies of the southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest complex. Many species associated with anthropically disturbed areas (S = 26) can be found on QGI, including the invasive grass Melinis minutiflora. There was a slight predominance of zoochory (S = 50). We did not identify any species endemic to QGI. One of its species (Cattleya intermedia, Orchidaceae) is vulnerable at both national and regional levels, and another (Barrosoa apiculata, Asteraceae) is presumably extinct on the mainland in São Paulo State. The vascular flora of QGI originated from the mainland Atlantic Forest complex, following the pattern of other coastal islands in southeastern Brazil. The flora and vegetation of QGI reflect the combination of insular conditions, the small size of the island, habitat restriction, steep topography, incipient soils, and the past use of the area with the introduction of several foreign species. We recommend permanent monitoring of the vegetation cover of QGI and its management, in order to ensure the conservation of the local native biota. Resumo Estudos sobre a vegetação de ilhas costeiras no sudeste do Brasil ainda são muito escassos, apesar de sua importância para a avaliação, manejo e conservação da biodiversidade insular. Nós apresentamos aqui uma lista da flora vascular da Ilha Queimada Grande (IQG; 24°29′10″ S, 46°40′30″ W, 57 ha, 33,2 km da costa), sudeste do Brasil, e descrevemos suas fitofisionomias. A ilha é recoberta principalmente por Floresta Atlântica (Floresta Ombrófila Densa), bem como por vegetação sobre afloramento rochoso e vegetação antrópica com fisionomias herbáceo-arbustivas. A IQG apresentou riqueza relativamente baixa (S = 125) comparada a de outras ilhas costeiras do Brasil. Espécies herbáceas (52) e trepadeiras (31) predominaram na IQG. As famílias mais ricas foram Fabaceae (11 espécies), Poaceae (9), Apocynaceae, Asteraceae e Orchidaceae (8 espécies cada). A maioria das espécies (S = 112) é autóctone de diferentes fitofisionomias do complexo da Floresta Atlântica do sudeste do Brasil. Muitas espécies associadas a áreas antropicamente alteradas (S = 26) são encontradas na IQG, incluindo a gramínea invasora Melinis minutiflora. Houve ligeira predominância de zoocoria (S = 50). Nós não identificamos espécies endêmicas para a IQG. Uma espécie (Cattleya intermedia, Orchidaceae) encontra-se vulnerável em nível nacional e estadual, e outra (Barrosoa apiculata, Asteraceae) está presumivelmente extinta no estado de São Paulo. A flora vascular da IQG originou-se no complexo da Floresta Atlântica continental, seguindo o padrão de outras ilhas costeiras do sudeste do Brasil. A flora e a vegetação da IQG refletem a combinação da condição insular, tamanho reduzido da ilha, restrição de habitat, topografia acidentada, solos incipientes e o uso pretérito da área com a introdução de várias espécies alóctones. Nós recomendamos o monitoramento permanente da vegetação da IQG e seu manejo, visando garantir a conservação da biota nativa local.

Studies of the vegetation on islands off the coast of southeastern Brazil are still very scarce, despite their importance for assessing, managing, and conserving insular biodiversity. We present here a list of the vascular flora of Queimada Grande Island (QGI; 24°29′10″ S, 46°40′30″ W, 57 ha, 33.2 km from the coast) in southeastern Brazil and describe its phytophysiognomies. The island is covered mainly by Atlantic Forest (Dense Ombrophilous Forest), as well as with rock outcrop and anthropogenic vegetation with herbaceous-shrub phytophysiognomies. QGI showed relatively low species richness (S = 125) when compared to other Brazilian coastal islands. Herbaceous (52) and climbing species (31) predominated on QGI. The richest families were Fabaceae (11 species), Poaceae (9), and Apocynaceae, Asteraceae and Orchidaceae (8 species each). Most species (S = 112) are autochthonous from different phytophysiognomies of the southeastern Brazilian Atlantic Forest complex. Many species associated with anthropically disturbed areas (S = 26) can be found on QGI, including the invasive grass Melinis minutiflora. There was a slight predominance of zoochory (S = 50). We did not identify any species endemic to QGI. One of its species (Cattleya intermedia, Orchidaceae) is vulnerable at both national and regional levels, and another (Barrosoa apiculata, Asteraceae) is presumably extinct on the mainland in São Paulo State. The vascular flora of QGI originated from the mainland Atlantic Forest complex, following the pattern of other coastal islands in southeastern Brazil. The flora and vegetation of QGI reflect the combination of insular conditions, the small size of the island, habitat restriction, steep topography, incipient soils, and the past use of the area with the introduction of several foreign species. We recommend permanent monitoring of the vegetation cover of QGI and its management, in order to ensure the conservation of the local native biota.

Ampliam-se os limites meridionais de sete espécies de poríferos para costa brasileira. Duas espécies representam novos registros: Chalinula zeae de Weerdt, 2000 e Terpios manglaris Rützler & Smith, 1993 e cinco são novas ocorrências para o estado de Santa Catarina: Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999; Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984; Hymeniacidon heliophila Parker, 1910; Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) e Scopalina ruetzleri (Wiedenmayer, 1977). Apresenta-se também a descrição taxonômica das espécies em questão e as três últimas são descritas pela primeira vez para a costa brasileira, uma vez que foram apenas citadas por outros autores.The southern boundaries of seven species of Brazilian coast sponges were enlarged. Two of them represent new records: Chalinula zeae de Weerdt, 2000 e Terpios manglaris Rützler & Smith, 1993 and five were registered for the first time from the state of Santa Catarina: Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999; Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984; Hymeniacidon heliophila Parker, 1910; Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) and Scopalina ruetzleri (Wiedenmayer, 1977). The taxonomic description of species is also provided and the three latter were described for the first time from the Brazilian coast, since other authors only cited it.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:42:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1676-06032007000200026.pdf: 926289 bytes, checksum: 3625c46449d49efd1e5e034bb2420dfb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:42:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1676-06032007000200026.pdf: 926289 bytes, checksum: 3625c46449d49efd1e5e034bb2420dfb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-06032007000200026.pdf: 926289 bytes, checksum: 3625c46449d49efd1e5e034bb2420dfb (MD5) S1676-06032007000200026.pdf.txt: 54465 bytes, checksum: 68eb96de96d0bf31eab502fd44b4e548 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:08:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-06032007000200026.pdf: 926289 bytes, checksum: 3625c46449d49efd1e5e034bb2420dfb (MD5) S1676-06032007000200026.pdf.txt: 54465 bytes, checksum: 68eb96de96d0bf31eab502fd44b4e548 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:08:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-06032007000200026.pdf: 926289 bytes, checksum: 3625c46449d49efd1e5e034bb2420dfb (MD5) S1676-06032007000200026.pdf.txt: 54465 bytes, checksum: 68eb96de96d0bf31eab502fd44b4e548 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Há poucos estudos sobre a fauna de serpentes em ilhas costeiras do Estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil e um baixo número de espécies depositadas em coleções zoológicas. No Brasil, pela primeira vez, foi realizado um inventário em 18 ilhas do litoral paulista a partir de pesquisa de registros nas coleções herpetológicas do Sudeste do Brasil. Também foram realizadas coletas de campo em onze ilhas. Trinta e seis espécies de quatro famílias foram registradas: uma espécie de Boidae, trinta de Colubridae, uma de Elapidae e quatro de Viperidae. Os dados de campo apresentaram treze ocorrências novas de espécies sem registro nas coleções. Para estimar a raridade das espécies utilizaram-se categorias de abundância relativa: comum, não-freqüente e rara. Das espécies amostradas, 44,4% foram consideradas raras. As espécies mais comuns foram Micrurus corallinus, presente em doze ilhas; Bothrops jararaca e Liophis miliaris, presentes em onze ilhas, B. jararacussu e Chironius bicarinatus, presentes em 10 ilhas. Foram efetuados sete novos registros para a Ilha do Cardoso (25° 05 S e 47° 59 W): C. bicarinatus, C. multiventris, Dipsas petersi, Echinanthera bilineata, E. cephalostriata, Helicops carinicaudus e Xenodon neuwiedii; três para Ilha Comprida (24° 54 S e 47° 48 W): B. jararacussu, C. bicarinatus e H. carinicaudus; um para Ilha Anchieta (23° 32 S e 45° 03 W): Spilotes pullatus; um para a Ilha das Couves (23° 25 S e 44° 52 W): L. miliaris; um para a Ilha dos Porcos (23° 23 S e 44° 54 W): B. jararaca. B. alcatraz e B. insularis, endêmicos à Ilha de Alcatrazes e à Ilha da Queimada Grande, respectivamente, são considerados criticamente em perigo segundo IUCN. Foi registrada a extinção da fauna de serpentes na Ilha Monte de Trigo. Os ecossistemas insulares, mais vulneráveis que os continentais, carecem de uma proteção mais efetiva. A maioria destas espécies (cerca de 52%) preda anfíbios, reforçando a necessidade de conservação das florestas. There are relatively few studies on snake fauna from coastal islands of the State of São Paulo (SSP), Southeastern Brazil and the number of species housed in Brazilian institutional zoological collections is relatively limited. In Brazil, for the first time, a snake inventory for eighteen islands of coastal SSP is presented. Here we record data from sampling on eleven islands as well information on vouchered species in the main herpetological collections. Thirty-six species from four families: one Boidae, thirty Colubridae, one Elapidae and four Viperidae from eighteen islands are listed as well as the thirteen new island records for snakes. Relative abundance categories were used for species rarity: common, infrequent and rare; 44.4% of the snakes with voucher specimens were considered rare. The most common species in twelve of the eighteen islands was Micrurus corallinus; in eleven of the eighteen islands were Bothrops jararaca and Liophis miliaris; in ten of the eighteen islands were B. jararacussu and Chironius bicarinatus. The most common snake species on coastal islands were Micrurus corallinus which was found in twelve of the eighteen islands, followed by Bothrops jararaca and Liophis miliaris found on eleven of the eighteen islands and B. jararacussu and Chironius bicarinatus which were found in ten of the eighteen islands studied. There are seven new records of snake species for Cardoso Island (25° 05 S and 047° 59 W): C. bicarinatus, C. multiventris, Dipsas petersi, Echinanthera bilineata, E. cephalostriata, Helicops carinicaudus and Xenodon neuwiedii; three new records for Comprida Island (24° 54 S and 47° 48 W): B. jararacussu, C. bicarinatus and H. carinicaudus; one for Anchieta Island (23° 32 S and 045° 03 W): Spilotes pullatus; one for Couves Island (23° 25 S and 44° 52 W): L. miliaris; one for Porcos Island (23° 23 S and 44° 54 W), B. jararaca. The endemic species B. alcatraz from Alcatrazes Island and B. insularis from Queimada Grande Island are considered endangered species by IUCN. Snake fauna on Monte de Trigo Island are extinct. The fragility of insular snake fauna needs more attention for environmental conservation, since 52.0% of snake species preys on amphibians, highlighting the importance of forest conservation. Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Zoologia IBUSP Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva Instituto Butantan Laboratório de Herpetologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Zoologia

O grupo das cianobactérias marinhas bentônicas vem sendo freqüentemente excluído dos levantamentos taxonômicos da costa brasileira, com exceção de alguns trabalhos para o litoral paulista. Para o ambiente de ilhas, apenas é conhecido um trabalho para a Ilha do Cardoso. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo consiste em ampliar o conhecimento da riqueza das cianobactérias marinhas bentônicas de ilhas do litoral paulista. Os resultados obtidos mostram a ocorrência de 24 espécies de cianobactérias em ilhas do litoral paulista. A ordem Oscillatoriales foi representada por 12 espécies (50%), Nostocales por 6 espécies (25%) e Chrooccoccales por seis espécies (25%). Entre as espécies identificadas, quatro são novas ocorrências para o litoral Atlântico sul: Cyanodermatium gonzaliensis H. Leon-Tejera et al., Xenococcus pallidus (Hansg.) Komárek & Anagn., Microchaete aeruginea Batters and Hydrocoryne spongiosa Bornet & Flahault e uma nova referência para o litoral brasileiro: Rivularia atra Roth. Atualizações nomenclaturais foram adotadas de acordo com o sistema de classificação mais atual de Komarek & Agnostidis. Marine benthic Cyanobacteria have always been neglected by taxonomic surveys of the Brazilian coast, exception made for some works focusing the shore of the São Paulo State. For island habitats there is only one study carried out for the Cardoso Island. Therefore, the aim of this study is to improve the knowledge about the richness of cyanobacterial species in marine benthic communities from coastal islands of the São Paulo State. The results show the occurrence of 24 species of Cyanobacteria: Oscillatoriales are represented by 12 species (50%), Nostocales by 6 species (25%) and Chroococcales by 6 species (25%). Among the identified species, four represent new references for the South Atlantic: Cyanodermatium gonzaliensis H. Leon-Tejera et al., Xenococcus pallidus (Hansg.) Komárek & Anagn., Microchaete aeruginea Batters and Hydrocoryne spongiosa Bornet & Flahault, and one is a new occurrence for the coast of Brazil: Rivularia atra Roth. Some nomenclatural updatings were adopted according to the Komárek & Agnostidis more recent system of classification.

Ampliam-se os limites meridionais de sete espécies de poríferos para costa brasileira. Duas espécies representam novos registros: Chalinula zeae de Weerdt, 2000 e Terpios manglaris Rützler & Smith, 1993 e cinco são novas ocorrências para o estado de Santa Catarina: Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999; Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984; Hymeniacidon heliophila Parker, 1910; Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) e Scopalina ruetzleri (Wiedenmayer, 1977). Apresenta-se também a descrição taxonômica das espécies em questão e as três últimas são descritas pela primeira vez para a costa brasileira, uma vez que foram apenas citadas por outros autores. The southern boundaries of seven species of Brazilian coast sponges were enlarged. Two of them represent new records: Chalinula zeae de Weerdt, 2000 e Terpios manglaris Rützler & Smith, 1993 and five were registered for the first time from the state of Santa Catarina: Callyspongia (Toxochalina) pseudotoxa Muricy & Ribeiro, 1999; Mycale (Carmia) magnirhaphidifera van Soest, 1984; Hymeniacidon heliophila Parker, 1910; Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) and Scopalina ruetzleri (Wiedenmayer, 1977). The taxonomic description of species is also provided and the three latter were described for the first time from the Brazilian coast, since other authors only cited it.

Resumo As ilhas ou estados insulares possuem características físicas que as tornam atraentes para a visitação, sendo suas especificidades propícias para a prática de diversas modalidades turísticas, principalmente aquelas que utilizam os atrativos naturais. Os ambientes insulares são considerados frágeis e podem sofrer facilmente a degradação de seus ecossistemas. As circunstâncias que levam à essa degradação podem ser causadas por ações humanas ou oriundas de processos naturais. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou identificar as atividades que vêm sendo comercializadas em seis ilhas brasileiras. Para realização da pesquisa foram coletadas informações dos sites dos destinos, a partir das quais foi construído um questionário. Este foi enviado online para 30 agências receptivas das ilhas, visando obter informações acerca das atividades relacionadas ao turismo desenvolvido nas ilhas. Os resultados do estudo demonstram que algumas das atividades citadas pelos entrevistados como frequentes possuem alto potencial de impacto ambiental negativo e requerem melhor planejamento ou até mesmo sua proibição, pois não são compatíveis à fragilidade do ambiente insular. Abstract Abstract: The islands or island states have physical characteristics that make them attractive to the visitation, its specificities are conducive to the practice of various tourist modalities, especially those using the natural attractions. The island environments are considered fragile and can easily suffer the degradation of their ecosystems. The causes of this degradation can be caused by humans or from natural processes. In this sense, the present study aimed to identify the activities that are being sold in six Brazilian tourist islands. To conduct the research, information was collected from sites of destinations, then was developed an on-line questionnaire and sent to 30 incoming agencies of the six islands in order to obtain an overview. The results obtained in this paper concluded that some of the activities cited by respondents as frequent, have high potential for negative environmental impact and require more planning or even its prohibition, by not be consistent with the fragility of the island environment. Resumen Las islas y los Estados insulares tienen características físicas que se hacen atractivos para los visitantes, sus especificidades son propicias para la práctica de diversas modalidades de turismo, especialmente los que usan los atractivos naturales. Las islas son ambientes consideradas frágiles y pueden fácilmente sufrir la degradación de sus ecosistemas. Las causas de la degradación pueden originarse por los seres humanos o derivar de los procesos naturales. En este sentido, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar las actividades que se están vendiendo en seis islas turísticas de Brasil. Para realizar el estudio, se recogió información de los sitios de los destinos, en seguida, se construyó un cuestionario y se envió a 30 agencias receptivas de las seis islas, con el fin de obtener una visión general. Con los resultados obtenidos, llegase a la conclusión de que algunas de las actividades mencionadas por los encuestados como frecuentes, tienen alto potencial de impacto ambiental negativo y requieren más planificación o incluso su prohibición, ya que no son compatibles con el medio ambiente frágil de las islas.