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The high detonation and thermostability of the molecular perovskite energetic material DAP‐4 attracted a lot of interest, but its high friction sensitivity hindered its applicability. It is critical to minimize the friction sensitivity of DAP‐4 for future applications. DAP‐4‐based composites with core‐shell structures coated by polymer binders were devised and manufactured in this study. DAP‐4 was discovered to be polymer binder compatible, and the thermal breakdown temperature remained constant at 380°C. The friction sensitivity of DAP‐4‐based core‐shell composites increased from 36 N (raw DAP‐4) to 60 N (DAP‐4@Estane‐5703, DAP‐4@F2602, and DAP‐4@F2311) when 10% polymer binders were added as shell‐structured layers. Furthermore, their theoretical detonation performance was calculated, and each sample demonstrated superior performance. Among them, the theoretical detonation velocity of DAP‐4@F2602 reached 8081 m/s, and the heat of detonation was 5.118 kJ/kg. This provided proof‐of‐concept work for increasing the mechanical safety of molecular perovskite energetic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in the quality of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) fruit after harvest is mainly dehydration. Rambutan fruit peel is often dark (brown) and fruit rot due to fungal disease. This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus bacteria strains [Lactobacillus plantarum CC6 (CC6), Lactobacillus fermentum DC2 (DC2), Lactobacillus fermentum DGMC2 (DGMC2)] with/without supplement combinations [chitosan 0.03% (Chito), alginate 0.03% (SA) and carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5% (CMC)] on the quality of Java rambutan fruit during storage at 13 °C, and included a sample without treatment with bacteria and chemical considered as the control. The results showed that among 16 treatments on rambutan fruits immediately after harvesting, the four treatments that showed the best results were CC6-Chito, DC2-Chito, CC6-CMC and DC2–SA, and DC2-Chito was more effective than the others. However, all four of these treatments supported the preservation of rambutan fruit, reducing both weight loss and browning of the skin and stem, and kept the infection rate at the lowest level. The brightness and peel color values were highest for these treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium matrix composites have been extensively investigated due to their light weight and machinability. The interfaces are the most important part of these composites, and their properties determine the properties of composites to a large extent. However, there are still many problems with interface bonding. The reinforcements are faced with the dilemma of poor dispersion, bad interfacial reaction, and poor wettability, which limits further improvements in the mechanical properties. Surface coating treatment of reinforcements is considered to be one of the effective methods to protect reinforcements and modify the interface. This review presents an overview of different coating materials on various reinforcements. The major roles of coatings in the composites and the properties of the composites are discussed. Future directions and potential research areas in the field of magnesium matrix composites reinforced with coated reinforcements are also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in the quality of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) fruit after harvest is mainly dehydration. Rambutan fruit peel is often dark (brown) and fruit rot due to fungal disease. This study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus bacteria strains [Lactobacillus plantarum CC6 (CC6), Lactobacillus fermentum DC2 (DC2), Lactobacillus fermentum DGMC2 (DGMC2)] with/without supplement combinations [chitosan 0.03% (Chito), alginate 0.03% (SA) and carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5% (CMC)] on the quality of Java rambutan fruit during storage at 13 °C, and included a sample without treatment with bacteria and chemical considered as the control. The results showed that among 16 treatments on rambutan fruits immediately after harvesting, the four treatments that showed the best results were CC6-Chito, DC2-Chito, CC6-CMC and DC2–SA, and DC2-Chito was more effective than the others. However, all four of these treatments supported the preservation of rambutan fruit, reducing both weight loss and browning of the skin and stem, and kept the infection rate at the lowest level. The brightness and peel color values were highest for these treatments.

In order to determine the effect of VC combined with Nisin coating on postharvest Agaricus bisporus fruitum storage and preservation, a composite preservative of 0.8 g/L VC+0.4 g/L Nisin+5.4 g/L carrageenan was used to soak the fruit body of Agaricus bisporus for 30 s. The results showed that the compound preservative could effectively reduce the decay rate and weight loss rate of fruitum of Agaricus bisporus during storage, delay the browning of tissue, and maintain a higher level of hardness. At the same time, it could delay the degradation of flavonoids, endogenous VC, soluble sugar and soluble protein, and further studies showed that it could maintain strong ABTS+, DPPH free radical scavenging ability of Agaricus bisporus tissue. The compound preservative maintained the storage quality of Agaricus bisporus well, and would provide some theoretical guidance for the development of new preservative for edible fungi.

The present work investigated the effects of high‐pressure processing (200 and 400 MPa, 5 min) combined with chitosan‐tea polyphenol (1.5% and 0.5% [w/v], respectively) coating to improve the quality and stability of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) during 28 days of storage. The chemical (pH, TVB‐N, TBARS), microbiological, textural, chromatic characteristics, protein oxidation, and endogenous enzyme activities of shrimps were regularly evaluated. Results showed that the combination treatment exerted a better intense antimicrobial effect, stabilized shrimp's freshness, and resulted in lower pH and TVB‐N than the control sample. Also, combined treated samples had better oxidative stability than a single treatment until the end of shelf life. Although combination treatment had no significant effect on endogenous proteases, the combined use of 400 MPa high‐pressure and chitosan‐tea polyphenol coating was most effective in inhibiting the bacteria and improved the hardness and chromatic characteristics of shrimp within the storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article detected the effect of pre-treatment of cherry fruits with solutions of chitosan and salicylic acid on the content of chlorogenic and caffeic acid. The research have been conducted at the research station of pomology named after L.P. Symyrenko of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS with cherry fruits of varieties 'Alpha' and 'Pamiat Artemenko'. For studies of 15 trees of each variety the day before harvest, sprayed with a solution of 1% chitosan; 1% chitosan with salicylic acid (100 mg L-1). Fruits were removed at the consumer stage of ripeness from four different places of the crown from each tree of a certain variety and type of processing, placed in boxes weighing 5 kg for storage at a temperature of 1±0.5 °C and relative humidity of 95 ± 1%. Unprocessed cherry fruits were taken as a control. It was found that pre-treatment of cherry fruits with solutions of polysaccharide compositions contributed to the significant preservation of phenolic substances. Moreover, the most effective was the treatment of fruits with a solution of chitosan with salicylic acid, in which the loss of phenolic substances was 5.0-5.5%, including chlorogenic - 10.0-11.0% and caffeic acid - 36.8-40.1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A simple process is designed to conveniently prepare a high‐efficiency oil–water filter to satisfy the need to separate oil from large amounts of oily wastewater. In this strategy, a porous sand core (SC) is selected as the substrate, and a hydrophilic sodium alginate gel layer is introduced to uniformly cover the outer and inner surfaces of the SC by briefly and successively soaking the SC into sodium alginate solution and CaCl2 solutions. Significant underwater ultra‐oleophobicity is achieved by combining a hydrophilic gel coating with a rough surface microstructure. This modified filter exhibits excellent oil–water separation ability. The SCs with various pore sizes exhibit a separation efficiency of nearly 100% when filtering various oil–water mixtures and oil‐in‐water emulsions, and a water flux of approximately 200–5000 L m–2 h–1 depending on the pore size of the SC and the operating pressure. Moreover, the filter reveals excellent chemical stability, excellent mechanical strength, ease of cleaning, and strong durability, thereby making it a potential candidate for large‐scale applications in wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem of easy abrasion of hand protection textiles, the basic principles, evaluation standards and test methods of hand protection textiles wear resistance were introduced, and the research progress of domestic and foreign textiles enhancement technologies in recent years were highlighted. On the one hand, the wear resistance of textiles was enhanced by adjusting the textile material composition and structure design, including fiber, yarn and fabric raw material selection, fiber assembly and fabric structure design, etc.; on the other hand, the wear resistance of textiles was improved by finishing, including resin coating treatment, rubber coating treatment and latex coating treatment. The analysis shows that because the composition and structural design of textiles have been difficult to meet the high wear resistance requirements of textiles, the coating treatment of textiles, especially latex coating treatment effectively enhance the wear resistance of textiles and help to the improvement of comfort and flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the interest in active packaging utilization has increased with population growth, food demand and new consumer trend like food delivery services. This new system, however, requires the use of additives to extend the food product quality and safety as well as in maintaining the shelf-life. This study was to prepare the antimicrobial paper from I. cylindrica coated anionic nanocellulose crosslinked cationic to create a system with the ability to actively control microbe growth in the packaging materials. The process involved pulping of I. cylindrica using semi-chemical and soda chemical method. The antimicrobial paper was prepared by printing the pulp suspension in 60 g/m2 grammage in mold followed by the spray of anionic nanocellulose and subsequent soaking of the paper in cationic solution. The results showed the I. cylindrica paper coated anionic nanocellulose crosslinked with H+ and Al3+ cations were successfully produced. The paper produced was also observed to have antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative of E. coli and S. typhi as well as Gram-positive of S. aureus and B. subtilis bacteria. Furthermore, the best coating method was found on antimicrobial paper coated anionic nanocellulose crosslinked Al3+ as evidenced by smoother and compact surface structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal is the property of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The characteristics of the basic methods of coating thermal spraying are briefly considered. A trend in the thermal spray coating market development is their increasing application to harden and repair various parts of metallurgical equipment. Examples are given from the experience of using thermal spray coatings (TSC) in Russian and foreign industries. The design and manufacture of TSC products require taking into account a set of structural, technological and operational factors that guarantee the reliability of both the coating and the whole product. This also determines a corresponding necessity to create reliable technological processes of obtaining TSC which would ensure the required coating quality parameters and its performance properties, and, hence, the reliability of the coating and the whole product. TSC failures can be caused by three groups of reasons: 1) errors and poor technical decisions in the design of coatings and coated products, the regulation of specifications for their parameters; 2) insufficient level and reliability of technological processes of obtaining coatings including all operations of prespraying and post-spraying treatment; 3) insufficient account of the influence of residual and side effects caused by the technological processes of both manufacturing the whole product and obtaining a coating, assembly processes and product operation. A block diagram of obtaining TSC is considered; it takes into account all stages of obtaining TSC, as well as the main phenomena and factors affecting their course and coating properties, which guarantees a more reasonable approach to the selection and design of equipment and technology for obtaining coatings with required properties. The main systems and subsystems of technological processes for obtaining TSC are considered. The main systems include those of thermal spraying, of sprayed products and of sprayed coating treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Textile Leader is the property of China Textile Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of edible films based on carrot puree, chitosan, corn starch, gelatin, glycerol and cinnamaldehyde on fresh-cut carrots was studied during storage. Several parameters, such as firmness, colour, weight loss, total carotenoids, total phenols, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and peroxidase (POD) activity in coated carrots were determined at regular intervals and then compared with the uncoated carrots throughout the storage period. Significant and expected changes were observed in all carrot samples that were compared. The coating treatment significantly (P < 0.05) delayed the senescence, reduced the deterioration of exterior quality and retained total carotenoids well compared with control (P < 0.05). In addition, significant inhibition of PPO activity (P < 0.05) and POD activity (P < 0.05) as well as reduced accumulation of polyphenols (P < 0.05) were observed for all coated samples. All of these favourable responses induced by coating treatment on minimally processed fresh-cut carrots showed beneficial physiological effects, which would give some useful references to the fresh-cut fruit and vegetable processing industry and satisfy people’s requirements allowing for extending product shelf life without negatively affecting the sensory quality or acceptability.

Surface tension is one of the important physical and chemical parameters of the solid surface, which is closely related to temperature and properties of the phases between the boundaries. Based on the Young function, the contact angle measurement method to calculate the solid surface tension has been widely used in surface science and engineering Comparing to other solid materials with inhomogeneous surface, most gemstones have a smooth surface, making it easy to measure the contact angle. In this study, the contact angle of 15 different types of natural and synthetic gemstones including diamond, moissanite, CZ, tourmaline, topaz, jade, amber. And some coated gemstones and fissure filled gemstones have been measured and compared using a dynamic contact angle testing device (FTA200). It was found that the differences in the contact angle for different types of natural and synthetic gemstones are suitable to be used in gemstone identification. For example, contact angle value of diamond and CZ is 56.68° and 37.79°, respectively. Furthermore, the contact angle values between the gemstone and gems with coating process have significant differences, such as the contact angle value of amber is 92.49°, while coated amber is 66.49°. Due to the limitations of the droplet size control restricted by experimental conditions, the contact angle of the fissure-filled gemstones cannot be measured accurately. Herein, this method is not suitable to identify gemstones with artificial fillings. Research shows that contact angle and surface tension values can be used as the basis of supplementary identification of gem species, especially for coated gems. Compared with the conventional gem identification methods (e.g. Infrared Spectrum, the refractive index measurement), contact angle measurement method has higher measuring accuracy, simple operation without destroying the sample, and conforms to the basic principles of gemstone nondestructive identification, especially for high refractive index gem. Contact angle measurement can solve the detection problems for surface-coated gems and related surface property.

Since the aged asphalt film coating Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) aggregates has prevented virgin asphalt from directly attaching to the aggregates, the mechanism behavior developed between RAP aggregates and virgin asphalt should be considered differently. In order to directly measure bond strength between RAP aggregate and virgin binder, the Binder Bond Strength (BBS) test was performed, and artificial coated RAP substrates were prepared employing an innovative coating treatment. The aged asphalt film thickness and the aging level of RAP substrate, combined with dry and wet curing conditions were assessed regarding to their impact on bond strength. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was also utilized to investigate the effect of film thickness and aggregate type on aging properties. According to BBS test results, existence of aged asphalt film had positive effects on bond properties under dry conditions. Moisture weakened this enhancement and induced more debond at the diffusion zone where the aged film and virgin asphalt blend. A proper aging level may exist at which RAP can provide optimum bond properties. Moreover, through FTIR spectroscopy, a good correlation between oxidation and film thickness was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (H) films incorporated with oregano and bergamot essential oils were characterized and evaluated for their effectiveness suitability as an edible coating for fresh ‘Formosa’ plum. The effects of the oregano essential oil (OEO) and bergamot essential oil (BEO) at different concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2% (w/w) in the HPMC edible films were observed by measuring their physical and mechanical properties, gas permeation, color values, transparency, antimicrobial activities. The effect of HPMC edible coating with OEO and BEO for fresh ‘Formosa’ plum were analyzed using physiochemical properties and sensory parameters. The 2% H-OEO coating was shown to be very effective in reducing the respiration rate, ethylene production, total weight loss, and total cell count, compared to the plums treated with other coatings at 23 ± 2 °C. In addition, the 2% H-OEO coated plum was firmer and showed less surface color change than the control fruit at the end of storage. The results of our study indicated that the 2% H-OEO coating treatment showed good potential to extend the storage quality of harvested plums. Among all of the sample sensory aspects of H-OEO, H-BEO and H, increased respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvested grape fruit tissues are still alive. Grape fruit tissues still have metabolism including physiological and biochemical reactions. They are prone to physiological deterioration, such as texture softening, browning, decay and mildew. More and more studies have indicated that senescence and cell membrane permeability of horticultural crops may be related to energy deficit caused by the decline of energy synthesis. Changes of energy levels in grape fruit tissues during storage have not been reported. Effects of energy level on physiological quality of grape fruit tissues after coating and heat treatment with Ca2+ are not clear. In this paper, the effects of coating and heat treatments with Ca2+ on post-harvest energy levels and physiological deterioration of "Victoria" grape fruit during cold storage were explored through determining energy levels and physiological indices. Coating and heat treatments with Ca2+ were applied to post-harvest grape fruits (compared with untreated grape fruits, i. e. the CK treatment). Grape fruits after coating and heat treatments with Ca2+ were stored at (4±0.5) °C. Respiratory rate, browning index, decay rate, hardness, contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), energy charge (EC), and enzyme activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), lipoxygenase (LOX) and soperoxide dismutase (SOD) of grape fruits were tested every 10 days. Results showed that with the extension of storage time, energy levels were in a loss state for grape fruit tissue under the CK. Respiratory rate decreased, but cell membrane oxidation and permeability increased. Browning index and decay rate increased, and enzyme activities of POD, PPO and LOX increased too, but enzyme activities of SOD were decreased. Physiological qualities of grape fruits decreased, and fruits were softened. Calcium combined with heat and coating treatment reduced the loss of grape fruits by rotting during storage. In addition, treatment of heat and coating with Ca2+ could maintain higher energy status, energy charge, hardness and enzyme activities of SOD to keep qualities of grape fruit, delay grape fruit softening, inhibit respiratory intensity and accumulation of membrane lipid peroxidation, slow down growth of cell membrane permeability, decrease MDA content, inhibit enzyme activities of POD, PPO and LOX, and delay browning and rotting, aging process and physiological quality deterioration of grape fruits. But coating treatment was better than heat treatment. ATP was significantly positive correlation with hardness and SOD enzyme activity (r=0.938，0.930, P<0.01), but negative correlation with MDA membrane permeability and LOX enzyme activity (r=-0.896，-0.932，-0.940, P<0.01). EC was negative correlation with membrane permeability and LOX enzyme activity (P<0.05), but positive correlation with respiration intensity and SOD enzyme activity (P<0.05). Browning of grape fruits was closely related to membrane lipid peroxidation and membrane structure (the integrity of membrane structure was destroyed). PPO and POD were reacted with phenolic substrates to form brown pigment. Results showed that with the extension of storage time, energy levels of grape fruits were in a loss state. Fall of energy level significantly affected oxidation and integrity of cell membrane. Coating and heat treatments with Ca2+ could maintain higher energy levels of ATP and ADP, and EC, which could slow down aging and physiological quality deterioration of grape fruit tissues. Coating and heat treatments with Ca2+ may maintain high energy status and physiological qualities, and slow down aging and physiological quality deterioration of grape fruits tissues. Effects of coating treatment with Ca2+ were better than heat treatment with Ca2+. Slowing down physiological deterioration of grape fruits can be realized by maintaining high energy status and preventing development of physiological deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jianzhu Cailiao Xuebao: Journal of Building Materials is the property of Journal of Building Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Effects of different calcium chloride, chitosan and pullulan coating treatments on antioxidant activity of 'Huang guan' pears ( Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) during storage have been studied. Total phenolic content, phenolic composition, total flavonoid content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and antioxidant activity (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP)) were determined in peel and pulp tissues over 210 days. Coating treatments slowed decrease of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, chlorogenic acid, arbutin, catechin and caffeic acid, SOD and CAT activities, and total antioxidant activity. However, POD activity was inhibited. The antioxidant content in the peel was higher than in the pulp. Of the coatings, chitosan was the most effective, but overall, all coatings may be useful to extend shelf-life, maintain quality and control decline of antioxidant activity in pear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]