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In 11 promising peach hybrids obtained from crossing ‘Flaminia’ × ‘Autumnglo’, the flower traits, flowering and fruit set were studied during the two-year period. Significant differences between the studied hybrids were determined for most investigated flower traits, except for petal shape index. Regarding the characteristics of flowering and fruit set, significant differences were observed only for the flower density and initial fruit set. The highest flower diameter (5.0 cm), petal length (2.4 cm) and width (2.1 cm) were observed in hybrid FA11. Petal shape index was the highest in hybrid FA6 (1.16) and length of pistil in hybrid FA4 (1.5 cm). Start of bloom ranged from March 29 to March 31, full bloom from March 31 to April 3, and end of bloom from April 7 to April 14. The highest flower density was observed in FA2 hybrid (5.0), and the lowest in FA5 hybrid (2.0). The initial fruit set ranged from 55.5% (hybrid FA4) to 85.2% (hybrid FA8), and the final fruit set from 22.8% (hybrid FA11) to 42.0% (hybrid FA5). The lowest coefficient of variation was observed for start of bloom (2.3%), full bloom (2.4%) and petal shape index (2.6%), while the highest variation was observed for end of bloom (14.3%), final fruit set (17.6%) and flower density (21.1%). The highest heritability was observed for flower diameter (93.1%), and petal width (90.0%) and length (88.3%). The heritability in other traits, ranged from 9.1% (pistil length) to 67.4% (flower density). © 2022 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.

The objective of this study was to establish classification ranges for genetic and additive genetic coefficients of variation, as well as for broad and narrow sense heritability, as a function of growth and wood quality traits for Eucalyptus spp. We conducted statistical analyses to determine differences in this classification the types of coefficients used. The selected studies that met the inclusion criteria, 58 presented genetic variation coefficients (448 data points) and 53 presented heritability coefficients (423 data points). To descriptive statistics and the Shapiro-Wilk test, we confirmed that it was necessary to separate coefficients and traits into groups. Inconsistencies for growth traits were observed, confirming the influence of experimental error, indirect estimation methods, and environmental effects on coefficient estimates. We recommend the use of the classification tables included in this literature review to interpret results in studies so as to standardize the classification of coefficients of genetic variation and heritability.

In 13 clones of ‘Oblačinska’ sour cherry, during the three-year period of investigation, the characteristics of the tree (trunk circumference, trunk height, tree height, crown height, crown diameter) and the shoot (shoot diameter, shoot length, internode length) were studied. Significant differences between the studied clones and years of testing were determined for all investigated traits. Interaction clone × year showed significant differences only for the shoot characteristics. The lowest tree vigour was found in clone 13, and the highest in clones 3 and 6. Clone 3 also had the highest shoot length and internode length. The lowest shoot length was observed in clone 12, and internode length in clone 9. The coefficients of variation and heritability were significantly higher for the tree characteristics than for the shoot characteristics. The lowest coefficient of variation was determined for the shoot diameter (3.12%), and the highest for the trunk circumference (22.03%). The coefficient of heritability ranged from 24.32% for the internode length up to 98.37% for the trunk circumference. The high values of the coefficients of heritability obtained mainly for the tree characteristics indicate the low impact of environmental factors on their manifestation. The obtained results can be of importance for the selection of the best clones of ‘Oblačinska’ sour cherry.

Приведены результаты селекции в 5 стадах черно-пестрой породы, разводимой в Орловской области. Исследования показали, что коэффициент наследуемости (h2) по удою за 305 дней 1-й лактации в 1-ом (n=717) составил 0,468, во 2-ом (n=322) — 0,440, в 3-ем (n=181) —0,240, в 4-ом (n=523) — 0,260, в 5-ом (n=471) — 0,422. Коэффициент наследуемости жирности молока в этих стадах равнялся 0,005, 0,346, 0,060, 0,156 и 0,104, соответственно. Коэффициент повторяемости интенсивности роста (rw) колебался от 0,305 до 0,615—0,671, а, следовательно, уровень генетической детерминации живой массы телок от рождения до 18 мес достигал 61,5—67,1%, на долю средовых факторов в среднем приходилось 32,9—38,5%. Кровность по голштинской породе в исследуемых хозяйствах составила от 59,8±0,6 до 76,8±0,7, что подтвердило высокую степень голштинизации секционируемого поголовья (Сv=10,8—31,0%). В стадах положительно коррелировали удои за 305 дней лактации и содержание жира в молоке (r=+0,05—0,27). За счет аддитивной наследуемости и удачного закрепления быков-производителей в изученных стадах были получены положительные генетические корреляции между отдельными селекционными признаками молочной продуктивности. Высокие коэффициенты наследуемости, желательные фенотипические и генотипические корреляции позволяют сделать вывод о возможности дальнейшего прогресса по селекционным признакам в популяции. Согласно результатам, в перспективе можно ожидать превосходство коров-первотелок над матерями по удою от 261 до 1146 кг молока и жирности молока от 0,02 до 0,18% и в других племенных стадах черно-пестрого скота Орловской области. Ключевые слова: черно-пестрая порода, селекция, коэффициент наследуемости, генотипические корреляции, кровность по голштинской породе (%HF)., The scientific work presents the results of breeding in 5 herds of Black-and-White breed bred in the Orel region. The research has shown that the coefficients of heritability (h2) by milk yield for 305 days of the first lactation are as follows: 0.468 in the 1st herd (n=717), 0.440 in the 2nd herd (n=322), 0.240 in the 3rd herd (n=181), 0.260 in the 4th herd (n=523), and 0.422 in the 5th herd (n=471). The coefficients of heritability of the fat content (h2) in the milk produced by these herds were 0.005, 0.346, 0.060, 0.156 and 0.104, respectively. The repeatability factor for the intensity of growth (rw) varied from 0.305 to 0.615-0.671, and, consequently, the level of genetic determination of the body weight of calves aged from birth to 18 months reached 61.5-67.1%; environmental factors accounted for an average of 32.9-38.5%. In the studied farms, the percentage of Holstein genes was from 59.8±0.6 to 76.8±0.7, which confirmed the high degree of crossing of the sectioned livestock (Cv=10.8-31.0%). The milk yields for 305 days of lactation and the fat content in milk were positively correlated in the herds (r=+ 0.05-0.27). Due to the additive heritability and successful consolidation of sires, positive genetic correlations were found between the some breeding traits of dairy productivity in the herds studied. High coefficients of heritability, desirable phenotypic and genotypic correlations allow us to conclude that further progress can be made on selection traits in the population of cattle. According to the results, we can expect that first-calf cows will have superiority over their mothers both in terms of milk yields – 261 to 1,146 kg and fat content in milk – 0.02 to 0.18% in other breeding herds of Black-and-White cattle in the Orel region in the future., №1 (2018)

В 2015 г в хозяйстве ИП «Кислов» обследованы по показателям резистентности 18 свиноматок крупной белой породы, 72 поросенка, полученных от этих свиноматок и 18 хряков из другого хозяйства, от которых была взята сперма для оплодотворения свиноматок. На основании показателей крови был разработан новый селекционный индекс резистентности, включающий в себя бактерицидную, комплементарную и лизоцимную активность сыворотки крови, фагоцитарные активность и индекс с учетом коэффициентов наследуемости каждого признака. Проведен подбор родительских пар по индексам резистентности, который имел положительный эффект., In 2015, 18 sows of a large white breed, 72 piglets obtained from these sows and 18 boars from another farm, whose sperm was taken for fertilization of sows, were examined in the Kislov individual entrepreneur farm by resistance indicators. On the basis of blood indices, a new selection index of resistance was developed, which includes bactericidal, complementary and lysozyme activity of blood serum, phagocytic activity and index, taking into account the coefficients of heritability of each feature. Parent pairs were selected for resistance indices, which had a positive effect.

В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что трансгрессивные формы по высоте растения и прикрепления нижнего боба отмечены в комбинациях Юбилейная×КЗ-6337, Росинка×КЗ-1236 и Волжана×КЗ-671, а также по массе 1000 семян в комбинациях Росинка×КЗ-1236 и Луч надежды×КЗ-6332. Наиболее высокие коэффициенты наследуемости выявлены у комбинаций Росинка×КЗ-1236 по высоте прикрепления нижнего боба (H2=68%) и количеству бобов (H2=70%), в комбинации Луч надежды×КЗ-6332 по числу ветвей, бобов и семян H2=78% H2=86% и H2=74%, соответственно., As a result of studies it has been found out that in regard to the height of plant and affixion of the lower bean the transgressive forms have been noticed in the following combinations: Yubileynaya×KZ-6337, Rosinka×KZ-1236 and Volzhana×KZ-671, and also in regard to weight of 1000 seeds – in the following combinations: Rosinka×KZ-1236 and Luch Nadezhdy×KZ-6332. In regard to height of affixion of the lower bean (H2=68%) and quantity of beans (H2=70%) the highest coefficients of heritability has been found in combinations Rosinka×KZ-1236; in regard to the number of branches, beans and seeds H2=78% H2=86% and H2=74% in combination Luch Nadezhdy×KZ-6332, respectively.

The research was aimed at examining variability, variance components, broad-sense heritability (h2), expected genetic advance of thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain number per spike (GNS) of 15 genotypes of bread wheat and 15 genotypes of durum wheat. Field trials were carried out during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 growing seasons at the three sites: Rimski Šančevi, Zemun Polje and Padinska Skela. Results of this investigation showed that the genetic component of variance (σ2g) was predominant for TGW of bread and durum wheat and for GNS of bread wheat. The genotype × environment interaction (σ2ge) component of phenotypic variance was 8.72 times higher than σ2g for GNS of durum wheat and pointed to the greater instability of durum wheat genotypes. h2 was very high (>90%) for TGW and GNS of bread wheat, high for TGW of durum wheat - 87.3% and low for GNS of durum wheat - 39.5%. Considering the high values obtained for h2 - 96.4% and the highest value for expected genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) - 19.3% for TGW of bread wheat, the success of selection for desired values of this yield component can be anticipated. The success of selection cannot be predicted for GNS of durum wheat due to low values obtained for h2 and GAM of 39.5% and 2.8%, respectively. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su bili da se prouči varijabilnost, komponente varijanse, heritabilnost u širem smislu (h2) i očekivana genetička dobit mase hiljadu zrna (MHZ) i broja zrna po klasu (BZK) za 15 genotipova hlebne pšenice i 15 genotipova durum pšenice. Poljski ogledi su izvedeni tokom 2010-2011. i 2011-2012. godine na tri lokaliteta: Rimski Šančevi, Zemun Polje i Padinska Skela. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je genetička komponenta varijanse (σ2g) bila dominantna u fenotipskoj ekspresiji MHZ hlebne i durum pšenice i BZK hlebne pšenice. Komponenta fenotipske varijanse usled interakcije genotip × sredina (σ2ge) je bila 8,72 puta veća od σ2g za BZK durum pšenice i ukazala je na veću nestabilnost genotipova durum pšenice za tu osobinu. Koeficijent heritabilnosti je bio veoma visok (> 90%) za MHZ i BZK hlebne pšenice, visok za MHZ durum pšenice - 87,3% i nizak za BZK durum pšenice - 39,5%. Uzimajući u obzir visoke ostvarene vrednosti za h2 - 96,4% i za očekivanu genetičku dobit izraženu u procentima od proseka (GAM) - 19,3% za MHZ hlebne pšenice, moguće je predvideti uspeh selekcije pri oplemenjivanju navedene komponente prinosa. Uspeh selekcije se ne može predvideti za BZK durum pšenice zbog dobijenih niskih vrednosti za h2 i GAM od 39,5% odnosno 2,8%.

From different autochthonous populations that are present on the territory of Serbia, 17 cherry plum types were selected, characterised by distinctive morphological properties and fruit quality. During the two years' period of research, the following parameters were examined: fruit weight, stone weight soluble solid content, total sugar content, and total acid content. For all of the examined properties, coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation as well as the coefficient of heritability in a broader sense were calculated, based on a two-factorial analysis of variance results. It was determined that genetic variability had a major influence on the total variability of fruit weight, stone weight and total acids content, while at the same time the interaction genotype x year played the decisive role in determining the variability of soluble solids content and total sugars content. Coefficients of genetic and phenotypic variation show that, in the cherry plum trees that were examined, the least variation was in the soluble solids contents (CVg = 2.83%; CVf = 4.66%), and that the highest variation was in the fruit weight (CVg = 29.72%; CVf = 31.34%). The lowest level of heritability in a broader sense was established in the total sugars content (h² = 21.72%) and the highest in the stone weight (h² = 93.19%). Iz različitih autohtonih populacija sa područja Srbije, na bazi morfoloških osobina i kvaliteta ploda, izdvojeno je 17 tipova džanarike. U toku dvogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja ispitivani su masa ploda, masa koštice sardržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija, sadržaj ukupnih šećera i sadržaj ukupnih kiselina. Na osnovu rezultata dvofaktorijalne analize varijanse za sve ispitivane osobine izračunate su komponente varijabilnosti, koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske varijacije i koeficijent heritabilnosti u širem smislu. Utvrđeno je da je u ukupnoj varijabilnosti mase ploda, mase koštice i sadržaja ukupnih kiselina najviše učestvovala genetička varijabilnost, dok je varijabilnost sadržaja rastvorljivih suvih materija i sadržaja ukupnih šećera u najvećem procentu bila uslovljena interakcijom genotip x godina. Koeficijenti genetičke i fenotipske varijacije pokazuju da je kod proučavanih tipova džanarike najmanje varirao sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija (CVg = 2,83%; CVf = 4,66%), a najviše masa ploda (CVg = 29,72%; CVf = 31,34%). Najmanji koeficijent heritabilnosti u širem smislu utvrđen je za sadržaj ukupnih šećera (h2 = 21,72%), a najveći za masu koštice (h2 = 93,19%).