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In accordance with Article 31 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, the European Commission mandated EFSA to issue a statement to determine if 3‐phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA or 3‐PBA) and 3‐(4′‐hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic acid (PBA(OH) or 4‐OH‐PBA) (metabolites common to several pyrethroid substances) should be included in the residue definitions for risk assessment, and if so to conclude on the appropriate definitions (crops, livestock and processed commodities, where necessary). EFSA prepared a statement containing conclusions and recommendations concerning the residue definitions for risk assessment of PBA and PBA(OH). The statement was circulated to Member States for consultation via a written procedure before finalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In accordance with Article 31 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, the European Commission mandated EFSA to issue a statement to determine if 3‐phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA or 3‐PBA) and 3‐(4′‐hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic acid (PBA(OH) or 4‐OH‐PBA) (metabolites common to several pyrethroid substances) should be included in the residue definitions for risk assessment, and if so to conclude on the appropriate definitions (crops, livestock and processed commodities, where necessary). EFSA prepared a statement containing conclusions and recommendations concerning the residue definitions for risk assessment of PBA and PBA(OH). The statement was circulated to Member States for consultation via a written procedure before finalisation.

The smoketree (Cotinus coggygria) is a historically known medicinal plant from Southeast Europe. Its ethnomedicinal use in skin and mucosal lesions is commonly accepted across countries. Other utilizations reported locally include fever reduction, cardiac diseases, hypertension, urinary diseases, cough, asthma, hemorrhoids, diabetes, numbness of arm, liver disease, and cancer. Departing from the smoketree’s traditional uses, this review summarizes investigations on the phytochemistry and bioactivity of the plant. In vitro and in vivo experiments supporting wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic effects are presented. Metabolites from smoketree that are responsible for the main pharmacological effects of smoketree are pointed out. Furthermore, the review performs a comparison between C. coggygria and the lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum). The latter is a comprehensively studied species used in Asian phytotherapy, with whom the European smoketree shares a consistent pool of secondary metabolites. The comparative approach aims to open new perspectives in the research of smoketree and anticipates an optimized use of C. coggygria in therapy. It also points out the relevance of a chemosystematic approach in the field of medicinal plants research.

In accordance with Article 31 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, the European Commission mandated EFSA to issue a statement to determine if 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA or 3-PBA) and 3-(4'-hydroxyphenoxy)benzoic acid (PBA(OH) or 4-OH-PBA) (metabolites common to several pyrethroid substances) should be included in the residue definitions for risk assessment, and if so to conclude on the appropriate definitions (crops, livestock and processed commodities, where necessary). EFSA prepared a statement containing conclusions and recommendations concerning the residue definitions for risk assessment of PBA and PBA(OH). The statement was circulated to Member States for consultation via a written procedure before finalisation., (© 2023 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.)

[Display omitted] • Metabolic profiles of 6 Dendrobium species were analyzed using 2D 1H–13C HSQC; • Characteristic metabolites of each of the 6 Dendrobium species were identified; • Common metabolites of Dendrobii herba were identified; • A protocol for high-throughput data analysis was developed and applied; Discrimination of the multiple botanical origins of herbal medicines is important to appropriately control their qualities and comprehensively understand their therapeutic effects. In our study, the chemical profiling of 6 different botanical origins of Dendrobii herba was analyzed using 2D 1H–13C HSQC. High-throughput data processing and analysis methods were developed and applied to detect and quantitatively characterize the spectral features of the 6 different Dendrobium species. Principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) analyses of these spectral features showed a clear distinction among different Dendrobium species. Characteristic metabolite markers of each of the 6 Dendrobium species were identified by integrating the pairwise partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and univariate hypothesis test. Besides, 8 major common metabolites were identified and found to have comparable content in all 6 Dendrobium species. Our results allow species authentication and differentiation of Dendrobium. It may also represent a universal protocol for authentication and quality assessment of medicinal herbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smoketree (Cotinus coggygria) is a historically known medicinal plant from Southeast Europe. Its ethnomedicinal use in skin and mucosal lesions is commonly accepted across countries. Other utilizations reported locally include fever reduction, cardiac diseases, hypertension, urinary diseases, cough, asthma, hemorrhoids, diabetes, numbness of arm, liver disease, and cancer. Departing from the smoketree's traditional uses, this review summarizes investigations on the phytochemistry and bioactivity of the plant. In vitro and in vivo experiments supporting wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic effects are presented. Metabolites from smoketree that are responsible for the main pharmacological effects of smoketree are pointed out. Furthermore, the review performs a comparison between C. coggygria and the lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum). The latter is a comprehensively studied species used in Asian phytotherapy, with whom the European smoketree shares a consistent pool of secondary metabolites. The comparative approach aims to open new perspectives in the research of smoketree and anticipates an optimized use of C. coggygria in therapy. It also points out the relevance of a chemosystematic approach in the field of medicinal plants research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]