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Copyright of INSPILIP. Revista Ecuatoriana de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovacion en Salud Pública is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigacion en Salud Publica (INSPI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: Los pacientes con COVID-19 ingresados a terapia intensiva presentan un alto riesgo de desarrollar lesión renal aguda (LRA). El SARS-CoV-2 puede infectar directamente las células renales, causando una respuesta inflamatoria intensa con infiltrado linfocitario y necrosis tubular severa, que conjuntamente con otros factores aún no completamente comprendidos, contribuye al desarrollo de insuficiencia renal aguda. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar los factores de riesgo en este grupo específico de pacientes. Métodos: El presente estudio observacional, se llevó a cabo en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez en Quito, Ecuador de enero del 2020 diciembre del 2021. Con una muestra probabilística se analizan casos de pacientes mayores de edad en terapia intensiva con Covid-19. Las variables fueron: edad, sexo, instrucción, índice de masa corporal, comorbilidades, incremento de creatinina sérica, escalas de severidad, signos vitales, relación PAO2/FIO2. Presencia de distrés respiratorio. Laboratorio: Interleucina 6, Lactato deshidrogenasa, ferritina, lactato sérico, biometría hemática, días en UCI y mortalidad. Se obtiene odds ratio para presentar el riesgo. Resultados: Ingresaron al estudio 294 pacientes. La prevalencia de LRA fue del 16.0% (IC 95% 12.1%-20.6%). Los factores de riesgo para desarrollar LRA fue la presencia de comorbilidades que presentó una asociación muy fuerte con el desarrollo de falla renal 8.7% vs., 20.4% (P = 0.02); esto significó un OR: 2.68 (IC 95%: 1.24, 5.78; P = 0.02), el sexo femenino constituyó un factor protector con un OR: 0.30 (IC 95%: 0.09, 0.85; P = 0.03). Conclusión: el principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de lesión renal aguda fue las comorbilidades que se encuentran relacionadas con el sexo masculino y se encuentra como factor protector el sexo femenino.

Introdução: A enurese noturna (EN) tem uma prevalência de 5%-15% nas crianças em idade escolar (IE) e pode estar associada ao impacto na qualidade de vida (QdV) nas crianças e famílias. Com este trabalho, pretende-se estimar a prevalência da EN nas crianças em IE em quatro unidades de saúde familiares (USF) na região Norte e avaliar o impacto na QdV. Métodos: Estudo multicêntrico transversal e descritivo conduzido nas USF em estudo, após aprovação pela Comissão de Ética. Convidaram-se oportunisticamente as crianças em IE, que compareceram nas consultas programadas, para preenchimento de um questionário anónimo. A análise estatística foi conduzida com recurso ao Excel® e SPSS®. Resultados: Registaram-se 158 participantes, 60,1% do sexo feminino, com mediana de idades de 6 anos (IIQ 5-7). Identificaram-se 18 crianças enuréticas (11,4%), sendo que destas a maioria era do sexo masculino (66,7%), e tinha entre 5 e 6 anos (66,7%). Encontrou-se relação significativa entre EN e sexo (p=0,014), história familiar (HF) (p=0,021) e perdas urinárias diurnas (p=0,034). Relativamente à QdV (n=14), as subescalas mais afetadas foram as relações familiares, a autoestima e as relações sociais. Conclusão: Apesar da amostra reduzida condicionar a interpretação de resultados, a prevalência de EN obtida e a associação positiva entre EN e sexo masculino e HF são concordantes com a bibliografia. Além disso, a avaliação da QdV mostrou impacto negativo nas crianças e famílias. Desta forma, salienta-se a importância da abordagem e orientação adequadas desta patologia.

Introducción: la infección por SARS-CoV-2 se presenta con un cuadro clínico variado, siendo las manifestaciones respiratorias las más documentadas, generando hipoxia e insuficiencia respirato-ria. La saturación de oxígeno puede descender a niveles donde el estado del paciente se deteriora rápidamente, requiriendo venti-lación mecánica invasiva o provocar la muerte. Material y Méto-dos: Estudio retrolectivo, transversal, observacional analítico de pacientes ingresados al área respiratoria del 01 abril 2020 al 31 de marzo 2021. Las variables fueron: género (femenino/masculino), edad (18-99 años), saturación de oxígeno (1-100 %) y desenlace muerte (si/no). Análisis comparativo de las variables y relación en-tre la saturación de oxígeno y la progresión a muerte. Objetivo: Conocer si los niveles de pulsioximetría predicen la mortalidad al ingreso. Recursos e infraestructura: se tomaron de los inherentes del HGZ 194 del IMSS para la atención de pacientes en el área respiratoria. Financiada en su totalidad por el investigador. Resul-tados: 1812 pacientes positivos para SARS-CoV2, 1068 no defun-ciones, 744 defunciones. La saturación de oxígeno en pacientes reportados como defunción fue en promedio de 60-89 %. Análisis estadístico con resultado de p

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), primarily ischemic heart disease and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. The burden of CVD is influenced by genetic, metabolic, behavioral, environmental and social determinants. However, low physical activity and blood pressure play a central role as risk factors for CVD. The prevalent cases of CVD are 523 million in 2019 and the number of deaths from these pathologies increased constantly to reach 18.6 million in the same period, so, currently, heart disease and strokes were the first and the second cause of death in America, while globally, stroke remained the second cause of death. It is evident that monitoring the burden of cardiovascular diseases is of vital importance, this article reviews the total epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases, including the underlying causes of cardiovascular death and related risk factors, using global estimates and available population-level data sources. on incidence, prevalence, lethality, mortality and health risks in Latin American countries and the world in the last five years, hence this narrative update of documentary design is proposed, which aims to contribute to the knowledge of this important problem of public health, contributing to prevention actions and effective interventions to curb the burden of CVD diseases, especially in regions with lower sociodemographic indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic brought with it a large number of adverse consequences for public health with serious socioeconomic repercussions. In this study we characterize the social, demographic, morbidity and mortality conditions of individuals treated for COVID-19 in one of the SARS-CoV-2 reference hospitals in Mexico City. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 259 patients discharged from the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, between April 11, 2020 and March 14, 2021. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the association between sociodemographic and clinical variables. An optimization was performed using maximum likelihood calculations to choose the best model compatible with the data. The maximum likelihood model was evaluated using ROC curves, goodness-of-fit estimators, and multicollinearity analysis. Statistically significant patterns of comorbidities were inferred by evaluating a hypergeometric test over the frequencies of co-occurrence of pairs of conditions. A network analysis was implemented to determine connectivity patterns based on degree centrality, between comorbidities and outcome variables. Results: The main social disadvantages of the studied population are related to the lack of social security (96.5%) and the lag in housing conditions (81%). Variables associated with the probability of survival were being younger (p < 0.0001), having more durable material goods (p = 0.0034) and avoiding: pneumonia (p = 0.0072), septic shock (p < 0.0001) and acute respiratory failure (p < 0.0001); (AUROC: 91.5%). The comorbidity network for survival cases has a high degree of connectivity between conditions such as cardiac arrhythmias and essential arterial hypertension (degree centrality = 90 and 78, respectively). Conclusions: Given that among the factors associated with survival to COVID-19 there are clinical, sociodemographic and social determinants of health variables, in addition to age; it is imperative to consider the various factors that may affect or modify the health status of a population, especially when addressing emerging epidemic phenomena such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivos. Evaluar las comorbilidades asociadas a la mortalidad en pacientes adultos hospitalizados por COVID-19 19 de diferentes grupos de edad en hospitales de Lima y Callao. Materiales y métodos. En este estudio de cohorte retrospectiva analizamos datos de pacientes adultos hospitalizados por COVID-19 notificados al Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Ministerio de Salud de Perú de marzo a octubre del 2020. Se estimaron riesgos relativos con intervalos de confianza al 95% mediante modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para evaluar las comorbilidades asociadas a la mortalidad por grupos de edad: jóvenes (18-29 años), adultos (30-59 años) y mayores (≥60 años). Resultados. Se incluyeron 2366 jóvenes, 23781 adultos y 25356 adultos mayores en el análisis. Los adultos mayores presentaron la mortalidad más alta (63,7%) en comparación con adultos (27,1%) y jóvenes (8,5%). Independientemente del grupo de edad, la presencia de enfermedad neurológica, enfermedad renal, enfermedad hepática y cáncer se asoció a un mayor riesgo de mortalidad. Adicionalmente, la enfermedad cardiovascular es también un factor de riesgo en los jóvenes; la obesidad, la diabetes, la enfermedad cardiovascular, la enfermedad pulmonar crónica y la inmunodeficiencia en los adultos; y la obesidad y la enfermedad pulmonar crónica en los mayores. Conclusiones: Independientemente de los grupos de edad, los individuos con enfermedad neurológica crónica, enfermedad renal, enfermedad hepática y cáncer tendrían un alto riesgo de morir por la COVID-19.

Introduction: Common acne is the most frequent disease in adolescents and young adults; it constitutes a chronic obstructive and inflammatory state of pilosebaceous follicles, characterized by the formation of inflammatory lesions. Objective: To identify the risk factors and comorbidities associated to grade I and II common acne and its psychosocial impact. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 50 patients with grade I-II common acne was carried out; they were assisted at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2018 to the same period in 2020. The risk factors and comorbidities associated with the dermatoses were valued, as well as the onset time of them. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the 18-24 age group and the female sex (60.0%, respectively), the anxiety (58.0%), seborrheic state of the skin and toxic habits (44.0% each one). Also, the school level of technician and mixed race (60.0% each one), accompanied as marital status (44.0%), the urban origin (88.0%), as well as those affected with evolution of the disease between 4 to 12 months, without family pathological history, as well as endocrine disorders as the comorbidities associated with the dermatoses. Conclusions: A great part of the patients presented, as risk factors, some emotional event of anxiety and seborrheic state of the skin related to the acne, which were associated with endocrine-metabolic comorbidities.

Surveillance of nutritional status in the pediatric population is essential to maintain adequate growth and development. By carrying out appropriate and standardized procedures, we will be able to identify patients with undernutrition or with overweight/obesity, which in turn will lead to establishing interventions that reduce complications. The nutritional evaluation of all pediatric patients should be performed in the outpatient consultation or when admitted to a hospital. This article presents the most current recommendations, both for detecting pediatric patients who are overweight or obese, as well as searching for comorbidities associated with this condition. In addition, recommendations are provided to address the issue of obesity within the family, to ensure that patients carry out interventions aimed at improving their nutritional condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Common acne is the most frequent disease in adolescents and young adults; it constitutes a chronic obstructive and inflammatory state of pilosebaceous follicles, characterized by the formation of inflammatory lesions. Objective: To identify the risk factors and comorbidities associated to grade I and II common acne and its psychosocial impact. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 50 patients with grade I-II common acne was carried out; they were assisted at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from January, 2018 to the same period in 2020. The risk factors and comorbidities associated with the dermatoses were valued, as well as the onset time of them. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the 18-24 age group and the female sex (60.0%, respectively), the anxiety (58.0%), seborrheic state of the skin and toxic habits (44.0% each one). Also, the school level of technician and mixed race (60.0% each one), accompanied as marital status (44.0%), the urban origin (88.0%), as well as those affected with evolution of the disease between 4 to 12 months, without family pathological history, as well as endocrine disorders as the comorbidities associated with the dermatoses. Conclusions: A great part of the patients presented, as risk factors, some emotional event of anxiety and seborrheic state of the skin related to the acne, which were associated with endocrine-metabolic comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Life in big cities brings with it an unbalanced diet with minimal dietary fiber consumption, Peruvian population consume bread, rice, potatoes and noodles consequently an increase in comorbidities. The objectives were: to know the dietary fiber and its physiological effects in humans, to relate dietary fiber with the intestinal microbiota; as well unit operations as, and to know Peruvian foods with a high content of dietary fiber. Sources of scientific information from papers and technical documents were used. The results were: dietary fiber is a set of carbohydrate polymers with ten or more monomeric units that are not hydrolysable by endogenous enzymes in the small intestine; the physiological effects are: improvements in intestinal health, glycemic control, cholesterol reduction, and others; it is related to the intestinal microbiota because it ferments dietary fiber to produce compounds that are easily assimilated by humans. It also promotes the growth and balance of the intestinal microbiota, which is related to immunity. Peruvian foods with high dietary fiber content are: Andean grains, cereals, fruits, vegetables, and seeds that go through few unit operations, such as: washed, conditioned and packed. A nutritional education about dietary fiber is promoted by academia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la distribución y autocorrelación espacial de las defunciones por COVID-19, así como la letalidad asociada a tres principales comorbilidades (diabetes, hipertensión y obesidad), en la Megalópolis de la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México (MZMVM), en el 2021. El método consistió en el cálculo de cuatro indicadores (asociados con COVID-19 y cada comorbilidad): tasas de prevalencia, de mortalidad, de mortalidad específica y de letalidad. A partir de la letalidad se calculó el índice de LISA y se identificaron clústeres con valores altos, bajos y atípicos. Los resultados muestran que la mortalidad por COVID-19 presenta un patrón de distribución espacial diferente al compararla con la letalidad: las tasas altas de mortalidad y prevalencia se distribuyeron en las zonas más densamente pobladas, en cambio, las tasas altas de letalidad se localizaron en las zonas metropolitanas circundantes al Valle de México. De acuerdo con el indicador de LISA de la tasa de letalidad, los municipios de Toluca y Capulhuac conformaron clústeres coincidentes de tipo “alto-alto”, en relación con diabetes e hipertensión; mientras que, para hipertensión y obesidad, se conformó el clúster en torno a San Agustín Tlaxiaca

La artritis psoriásica (APs) es un trastorno inflamatorio crónico que afecta principalmente a las articulaciones y las entesis. Además, se asocia con el s í ndrome depresivo (SD), la enfermedad cardiovascular, la hipertensión (HTA), la diabetes mellitus (DM), la obesidad y la psoriasis (Pso). Existen pocos estudios dirigidos a analizar la asociación de la afectación del aparato locomotor con las alteraciones de la calidad sexual (CS). Se propuso un estudio observacional transversal en pacientes diagnosticados de APs, a los que aplicaron cuestionarios validados autoaplicados para determinar alteraciones de la CS: MGH-SFQ y CSFQ-14, que valoran los cuatro dominios de la función sexual; Qualisex y DLQI diseñados para patolog í a articular y dermatológica respectivamente, que exploran aspectos sexuales. El objetivo fue describir la existencia de alteraciones sexuales de pacientes con APs, analizar la asociación entre las caracter í sticas sociodemográficas, comorbilidades (Pso, SD, factores de riesgo cardiovascular) y los tratamientos de los pacientes sobre la CS y describir diferencias de CS en función del género. Se valoraron 72 pacientes y se observó que las variables de los pacientes con APs que se asociaron con mayor fuerza con puntuaciones más bajas en CS fueron ser mujer y la edad en el CSFQ-14 y MGH-SFQ; el nivel de ingresos, el tratamiento con AINE, la dislipemia (DL) y la depresión se asociaron a peores resultados en algunos dominios de la esfera sexual. Los pacientes con APs presentaban una CS deteriorada, especialmente mujeres, de mayor edad, bajo nivel de ingresos y DL. Los tratamientos antiinflamatorios se asociaron con mejor CS. Globalmente, la enfermedad crónica y la carga psicológica de padecerla se comportaron como factores predisponentes de disfunción sexual. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the joints and entheses. In addition, it is associated with depressive syndrome (DS), cardiovascular disease, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and psoriasis (Pso). There are few studies aimed to analyze the association of the involvement of the musculoskeletal system with sexual function (SF). A cross-sectional observational study was proposed in patients diagnosed with PsA, to whom self-administered validated questionnaires were applied to determine alterations in SF: MGH-SFQ and CSFQ-14, which assess the 4 domains of sexual function; Qualisex and DLQI designed for joint and dermatological pathology respectively, which explore sexual aspects. The objective was to describe the existence of altered sexual function in patients with PsA; analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities (Pso, DS, cardiovascular risk factors) and the treatments of patients on SF; and describe differences of SF according to gender. 72 patients were evaluated. It was observed that the variables of patients with PsA that were associated with lower scores in SF were gender and age in the CSFQ-14 and MGH-SFQ; annual incomes, treatment with NSAIDs, DL and depression were associated with worse results in some domains of the sexual sphere. Patients with PsA had impaired SF, especially women, elder patiens, those with low annual incomes, DL and emotional disorders. Anti-inflammatory treatments were associated with better SF. Globally, the chronic disease and the psychological burden behaved as factors associated with sexual dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects social and communication development with a pattern of restricted and repetitive behaviours. ASD is also associated with high rates of co-existing psychiatric disorders. In an effort to identify characteristics of the family environment that may influence the course of co-existing psychiatric disorders in children with ASD, researchers have explored the phenomenon of expressed emotion (EE). EE is a construct of the affective relationship between two people, with domains characterized by criticism, warmth, relationship and emotional over-involvement. The current study aims to provide a review of the construct of EE, how it is measured and applied to parent-child relationships in typical development children and in ASD population and to describe the Spanish cultural adaptation and content validity of the Manual of ASFMSS (Autism Specify Five Minutes Sample Speech). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To determine the correlation of kidney function biomarkers at the first evaluation in dogs with different risk factors identified for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and methods. A descriptive, prospective study of cases and controls of 388 animals, divided into five groups: control group (CG), and four groups of potentially kidney-diseased dogs (pCKD) was carried out. Clinical history, physical examination, body condition score (BCS), complete blood count, biochemical profile with symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA), urinalysis, urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPC), and systemic blood pressure were analyzed. Non-parametric statistics were used, and data were expressed as medians and percentiles; for BCS, Xi2 was used. For biomarkers, Spearman’s correlation was performed. Results. For SDMA and serum creatinine (sCr), a moderate correlation was observed for pCKD (r=0.69, p<0.001). Significant differences were observed in the variables age (p=0.002) and BCS (p<0.001) between the CG and the pCKD. Animals with mild azotemia (sCr 125–250 mmol/L) and/or with an SDMA value of 18–35 mg/dL, with or without proteinuria, had a greater probability of presenting an increase in SDMA when the BCS was below 5/9 (OR=3.55, p=0.005). Conclusions. SDMA is a useful complementary biomarker in pre-azotemic stages and advanced stages where there is cachexia and sarcopenia. Biomarkers must be evaluated together to have a complete perspective of renal function in animals with risk factors for developing CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, generating an increasing clinical and economic burden due to its micro- and macrovascular complications. Frequently, people with diabetes are hospitalized for various pathologies. These patients generally have higher risk of complications, prolonged hospitalizations and mortality. An additional factor that worsens the prognosis in these patients is the concurrence of malnutrition, especially in elderly people. All this makes the management of these patients challenging and requires a specific nutritional approach, whose purpose is to cover the nutritional requirements while always maintaining glycemic control. The purpose of this work is to provide, based on the evidence available in the literature and clinical experience, consensus recommendations by eighteen experts in Endocrinology and Nutrition on the nutritional approach of hospitalized patients with diabetes/ hyperglycemia and compare the optimal management, based on these recommendations with bedside usual care according to a panel of Spanish doctors surveyed about their daily clinical practice. This first article of this extraordinary issue of the journal Nutrición Hospitalaria describes the methodology of the study and the results obtained regarding common issues for all pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo. Determinar la correlación de los biomarcadores de funcionamiento renal en la primera evaluación en perros con diferentes factores de riesgo identificados para desarrollar enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de casos y controles de 388 animales, divididos en cinco grupos: grupo control (GC), y cuatro grupos de perros potencialmente enfermos renales (pERC). Se analizaron historia clínica, examen físico, condición corporal (CC), hemograma, perfil bioquímico con dimetilaginina simétrica (SDMA), urianálisis, ratio proteinuria/creatininuria (UPC) y medición de presión arterial sistémica. Se utilizó estadística no paramétrica y los datos fueron expresados en medianas y percentiles; para la CC se utilizó Xi2. Para los biomarcadores se realizó correlación de Spearman. Resultados. Para SDMA y la creatinina sérica (CrS) se observó una correlación moderada para pERC (r = 0.69, p ˂ 0.001). Se observaron diferencias significativas en las variables edad (p = 0.002), y CC (p ˂ 0.001) entre el GC y los pERC. Los animales azotemia leve (CrS 125-250 mmol/L) y/o con un valor de SDMA de 18-35 mg/dL, con o sin proteinuria tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de presentar un incremento de SDMA cuando se presentó una CC por debajo de 5/9 (OR = 3.55, p = 0.005). Conclusiones. El SDMA es un biomarcador complementario útil en etapas preazotémicas y en estadios avanzados donde existen caquexia y sarcopenia. Los biomarcadores deben evaluarse en conjunto para tener perspectiva completa de la función renal en los animales con factores de riesgo para desarrollar ERC.

Introducción. El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) muchas veces está asociado con comorbilidades severas que pueden confundir el diagnóstico y el tratamiento. El problema de la comorbilidad es que afecta su progreso y comportamiento de manera negativa. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal de los pacientes en edad pediátrica con clínica de TEA que acuden a la consulta de neurología infantil para conocer las principales comorbilidades y sus aspectos clínicos más importantes. Resultados. Las principales comorbilidades encontradas fueron epilepsia (36,11%), trastornos de conducta (27,77%), hiperactividad 25,92% y agresividad 20,3%. Discusión. Se ha descrito la fuerte asociación de TEA y trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). Muchos individuos con TEA tienen síntomas psiquiátricos que no forman parte de los criterios diagnósticos del trastorno. Conclusión. Muchos individuos tienen síntomas psiquiátricos y neurológicos como epilepsias, trastornos de conductas, trastornos del aprendizaje, tic motor, entre otros. Cuando se cumplen los criterios de TEA se deben registrar los diagnósticos concurrentes. Introduction. Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is often associated with severe comorbidities that may confuse diagnosis and treatment. The problem with comorbidity is that it affects their progress and behavior in a negative way. Methodology. We carried out a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study of pediatric patients with symptoms of ASD, who visited the pediatric neurology consultation to find out the main comorbidities and their most important clinical aspects. Results. The main comorbidities found were epilepsy (36.11%), behavioral disorders (27.77%), hyperactivity (25.92%) and aggressiveness (20.3%). Discussion. The strong association between ASD and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been described. Many individuals with ASD have psychiatric symptoms that are not part of the diagnostic criteria for the disorder. Conclusion. Many individuals have psychiatric and neurological symptoms, such as epilepsy, behavioral disorders, learning disorders, motor tics, among others. When the criteria for ASD are met, concurrent diagnoses need to be recorded.

Introducción: los pacientes con artritis psoriásica (APs) presentan más comorbilidades. Las guías del Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) establecen lineamientos para los tratamientos de acuerdo a ellas. Objetivos: describir la prevalencia de comorbilidades en pacientes con APs según el Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index (RDCI), analizar el efecto sobre la enfermedad y estudiar la adherencia a las guías GRAPPA. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional. Se incluyeron pacientes con APs de la cohorte RAPSODIA. Se reportaron características sociodemográficas y clínicas. Las comorbilidades se valoraron por RDCI. Se estudiaron variables asociadas a RDCI ≥1 mediante análisis multivariado. Se analizó el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de tratamiento en relación a las comorbilidades según las guías GRAPPA. Resultados: se incluyeron 170 pacientes. El 67,6% presentó al menos una comorbilidad (RDCI ≥1); estos eran de mayor edad (X 57,3±12,7 años vs. 48,2±13,2 años; p

Introduction: The alopecia areata in an autoimmune disease characterized by the non-cicatricial loss of hair; that can be classified as a cosmetic problem, without taking into account that has high impact in the life quality of the one who suffers from the disease. Objective: To identify the comorbidities, psychosocial impact and associated factors in patients with alopecia areata. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 50 patients with clinical diagnosis of alopecia areata was carried out, they were assisted in Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from 2018 to 2020. Results: In the case material there was a prevalence of the 29-39 years patients (46.0 %), the male sex (58.0 %), stress and anxiety as emotional factors (76.0 %), followed by the septic focus (40.0 %); the school level of technician (52.0 %), accompanied as marital status (44.0 %) and the time of evolution of the alopecia between 4 and 12 months (76.0 %). Conclusions: It was evidenced that most of the patients presented some emotional event or a crisis of anxiety before the beginning of the alopecia areata.

La depresión en el adulto mayor es un problema de salud pública en cual ha aumentado su prevalencia y se ha convertido en foco de atención importante en virtud a el rápido crecimiento de la población geriátrica de los últimos 20 años.(1) Existen diversos factores de riesgo para desarrollar esta patología como: mala red de apoyo familiar, trastornos del sueño, comorbilidades médicas subyacentes dentro de ellas de gran peso la demencia y los deterioros neurocognitivos los cuales en muchas ocasiones no se encuentran diagnosticados. Además, es de relevancia señalar que la depresión no forma parte del envejecimiento, contrario a las creencias populares. En este artículo se realiza una revisión de la literatura respecto a la depresión en lo adultos mayores enfocada en el diagnostico, pronostico, factores de riesgo para desarrollar dicha patología y manejo por parte del primer nivel de atención médica, apoyada en las bases de datos electrónicas de los últimos 12 años.

Objective: It is necessary to study the main comorbidities of Parkinson's disease that causes this increase in hospitalization. The aim of the study was to compare the mean days of hospital stay of patients with Parkinson's disease plus a comorbidity against the mean days of hospital stay without that comorbidity and to report those which were statistically significant. Methods: Taking patients with PD from "1 de octubre" Hospital, an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional, and analytical study was carried out in which the relationship of days of hospitalization with and without comorbidities was evaluated, finding which would be the comorbidities that were they become a factor of protection or risk of prolonging the hospital stay of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and thus suggest the priority of treating these conditions. results: Of the 37 patients, 14 different comorbidities were found, of which hypothyroidism (x = 2), acute myocardial infarction/dyslipidemia (x = 4), and traumatic brain injury (x = 4) present a decrease in the number of days hospitalized patients with respect to the mean of patients who do not have these comorbidities, in comparison, sacral ulcer (x = 32.5) and pneumonia (x = 31) show an increase in the days of hospitalization with respect to the mean. Conclusion: Fourteen comorbidities were found in PD. Patients with sacral ulcer and pneumonia are hospitalized for a longer time compared to the different comorbidities. It is recommended to pay special attention and care to prevent/treat these pathologies to reduce the number of days of hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The alopecia areata in an autoimmune disease characterized by the noncicatricial loss of hair; that can be classified as a cosmetic problem, without taking into account that has high impact in the life quality of the one who suffers from the disease. Objective: To identify the comorbidities, psychosocial impact and associated factors in patients with alopecia areata. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 50 patients with clinical diagnosis of alopecia areata was carried out, they were assisted in Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from 2018 to 2020. Results: In the case material there was a prevalence of the 29-39 years patients (46.0 %), the male sex (58.0 %), stress and anxiety as emotional factors (76.0 %), followed by the septic focus (40.0 %); the school level of technician (52.0 %), accompanied as marital status (44.0 %) and the time of evolution of the alopecia between 4 and 12 months (76.0 %). Conclusions: It was evidenced that most of the patients presented some emotional event or a crisis of anxiety before the beginning of the alopecia areata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction - The importance of early intervention in anorexia nervosa is widely recognized. The data available in the literature shows that a prolonged duration of untreated disease is associated with a worse prognosis and that the severity of the disease at the time of diagnosis is predictive of its outcome. Objectives - To study the time of untreated disease in a sample of children/adolescents who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. Specifically, to clarify the path from the identification of first symptoms to hospitalization regarding follow-up consultations and their management, the performance of complementary diagnostic tests, the presence of comorbidities, and the duration of hospitalization. Methods - Once the informed consent to participate in this study was signed, we gathered information from clinical files and the hospital's clinical database regarding children and adolescents with the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa admitted to the child and adolescent psychiatry ward from January 2018 until December 2019. A descriptive statistical analysis of the sample was performed, trying to identify the course of action taken between the identification of symptoms and the search for consultation, the type of consultations to which the family resorted, the therapeutic plan implemented prior to hospitalization, and throughout the hospitalization. Finally, we tried to understand how several health professionals managed the follow-ups. Results/Discussion - In our sample (n=37), five cases had no contact with a health professional before hospitalization. Only 16 cases were referred to dietary/nutrition consultation and only 15 cases had a diet plan established prior to hospitalization. Of the 37 cases, only two were referred to a multidisciplinary team composed of pediatric, child, and adolescent psychiatrists, psychologists, and dietitians/nutritionists. Conclusion - In our sample, only a minority of cases were being followed by a multidisciplinary team prior to hospitalization. These data reinforce the need for better articulation between mental health services and other areas of intervention regarding eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze the relationship between disordered eating behaviors (DEB) and depressive symptoms, suicide attempts, and alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents in a national survey in Mexico. Materials and methods. Data from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19 were used. Three levels of DEB were established: no risk (DEB-NR), moderate risk (DEB-MR), and high risk (DEB-HR). An ordinal logistic regression model was performed with level of DEB risk as a dependent variable. Results. National prevalence of DEB-MR was 6.0% (95%CI: 5.6, 6.5), while that of DEBHR was 1.3% (95%CI: 1.1, 1.6). Suicide attempt (OR= 1.82, 95%CI: 1.02,3.25) and depressive symptoms (OR= 2.6, 95%CI: 1.40,4.98) were associated with being at a higher risk of DEB. Conclusion. Since both depressive symptoms and suicide attempt are associated with DEB, prevention strategies should consider interventions that simultaneously address the various mental health problems present in adolescence. K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare, but a serious mental disorder, OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) is an atypical neurosis, whose importance to public health has been underestimated. The unattended need of individuals with OCD, requires investigation of the barriers to care and intervention, encouraging the search for help. Therefore, there is a need for deeper understanding, helping to integrate more data into neuropsychological perspectives. Facts that lead to problematization: treatment process without multidisciplinary investigations may require more time to control symptoms. In response to the problem, a bibliographic study was made, a deductive method with qualitative analysis technique, guided by the objectives: analyze OCD patients, influences of neuropsychological mechanisms, comorbidities, causes and treatment; describe the neuronal and psychological functionality involved in the symptoms; describe the diagnostic process, characterize symptoms and causes; raise psychiatric and clinical treatment procedures. The contents discussion proves an associated research with other areas, such as psychology and neurology, aiming OCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been proposed as a risk factor for chronification of migraine. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of PTSD and traumatic life events (TE) in patients with episodic (EM) and chronic migraine (CM) and their impact on clinical parameters, other comorbidities, and migraine biomarkers., Material and Methods: Patients with EM and CM according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (third edition; beta version) were recruited at a headache unit and a primary care centre. We used questionnaires validated for research on PTSD, TEs, cranial autonomic symptoms, comorbidities (depression, anxiety, and fatigue), disability, migraine impact, and quality of life. Baseline serum levels of CGRP, VIP, and PACAP were determined by ELISA., Results: The study included 116 patients: 35 with EM and 81 with CM. Nineteen presented refractory migraine. PTSD was detected in 23 patients (19.8%): 20 with CM and 3 with EM (chi-square: P = .046; Fisher T: P = .073). No significant differences were identified between the EM and CM groups for frequency of any TE nor the number of TEs per patient. A total of 5/19 patients with refractory migraine had experienced sexual violence (vs 2/97 with non-refractory migraine; P = .002). PTSD was associated with more autonomic symptoms; higher scores on anxiety, depression, and fatigue scales; and poorer quality of life; it did not change neuropeptide levels., Conclusions: Our results suggest that PTSD is frequent in patients with migraine, and especially CM, in our setting; history of sexual violence is particularly frequent in patients with refractory migraine. PTSD has a negative impact on migraine, with higher numbers of comorbidities and poorer quality of life; therefore, further research is needed in this patient group., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Childhood obesity is associated with comorbidities that affect almost all body systems, including, among others, the endocrine, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems, as well as medical and surgical procedures that may be required due to different clinical situations. The objective of this article is to describe the classic and emerging comorbidities associated with obesity and the complications of procedures that involve invasive manoeuvres. Although some of the problems associated with obesity during childhood are widely known, such as musculoskeletal and cutaneous disorders or apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome, others, such as changes in kidney function, non-alcoholic fatty liver and cardiometabolic risk, have received less attention due to their insidious development, as they may not manifest until adulthood. In contrast, there is another group of comorbidities that may have a greater impact due to their frequency and consequences, which are psychosocial problems. Finally, in the context of invasive medico-surgical interventions, obesity can complicate airway management. The recognition of these pathologies in association with childhood obesity is of vital importance not only in childhood but also due to their ramifications in adulthood., (Copyright © 2024 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

It is necessary to identify which factors or comorbidities are associated with more severe hidradenitis suppurativa, aiming to identify which patients may benefit more from early systemic treatment or a more aggressive approach. A retrospective study was conducted, including patients diagnosed with HS at the dermatology department of a Spanish hospital over a 5-year period. A total of 322 patients were included. A relationship was found between diagnostic delay, the presence of acne conglobata, pilonidal sinus, cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, and/or diabetes mellitus) and more severe HS. No significant relationship was found between psychiatric comorbidities and the severity of the HS. The presence of perianal or truncal involvement was significantly associated with severe HS. Female sex and the presence of a family history of HS were associated with an earlier onset of the disease., (Copyright © 2024 AEDV. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background: Hypogonadism is a common finding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the prevalence of hypogonadism in COPD varies among studies. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence of hypogonadism in men with and without COPD., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 134 patients with stable COPD and 70 age-matched men with non-COPD. Hypogonadism was defined by the presence of symptoms according to the Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males questionnaire, along with total testosterone deficiency (<300ng/dL)., Results: Patients had a mean age of 68 years (SD, 6), a body mass index of 28kg/m 2 (SD, 6), and 17% were current smokers. The prevalence of hypogonadism was 41.8% in COPD men (N=56, 95%CI, 33-51) and 10.0% in non-COPD men (N=7, 95%CI, 4-20), with a prevalence ratio of 4.2 (95%CI, 2.0-8.7, p<0.001). The prevalence of low total testosterone concentrations (<300ng/dL) were significantly higher in COPD patients vs the control group (47.0% vs 15.7%, p=<0.001). In the COPD group, 89.3% of patients had hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and 10.7%, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. The prevalence of hypogonadism was higher in severe vs non-severe COPD patients (55.8% vs 35.2%; p=0.024)., Conclusions: The prevalence of hypogonadism was high and greater in COPD vs non-COPD men. This study suggests that COPD patients should be screened for hypogonadism., (Copyright © 2024 SEEN and SED. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introdução – É amplamente reconhecida a importância da intervenção precoce na anorexia nervosa. Os dados disponíveis na literatura evidenciam que uma duração prolongada de doença não tratada está associada a um pior prognóstico nas perturbações da alimentação e da ingestão e que a gravidade da doença à data do diagnóstico, é preditiva do seu outcome. Objetivos – Geral: estudar o tempo de doença não tratada, numa amostra de crianças/adolescentes que estiveram internados com o diagnóstico de anorexia nervosa. Específicos: descrever o percurso percorrido desde a identificação dos primeiros sintomas até ao internamento, nomeadamente no que respeita ao seguimento em consultas das diversas especialidades, à realização de exames complementares de diagnóstico, à presença de comorbilidades e às terapêuticas estabelecidas previamente ao internamento. Método – Após obtenção do consentimento informado para participação no estudo procedeu-se à consulta dos processos clínicos de uma amostra de crianças/adolescentes internados num serviço de pedopsiquiatria no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2018 e dezembro de 2019 (n=37). Para recolha dos dados foi utilizada uma grelha construída tendo em consideração os objetivos definidos. Foi realizada uma análise estatística univariada, procurando descrever as ações empreendidas no tempo de doença não tratada, os seguimentos e plano terapêutico prévios ao internamento, o tempo decorrido desde a identificação de sintomas até ao internamento e a sua duração. Por último, procurou-se compreender de que forma tinham sido articulados os seguimentos nas diferentes consultas. Resultados e Discussão – Os resultados mostraram que dos 37 casos que constituíram a amostra, em cinco não ocorrera qualquer contacto com um profissional de saúde até à data de internamento; apenas 16 casos estavam referenciados à consulta de dietética/nutrição e só 15 casos tinham um plano alimentar estabelecido previamente ao internamento. Apenas dois casos eram seguidos em equipa multidisciplinar constituída por pediatra, pedopsiquiatra, psicólogo e dietista/nutricionista. Conclusão – Na amostra apenas uma minoria dos casos estava a ser seguida por uma equipa multidisciplinar. Estes dados reforçam a necessidade de uma melhor articulação entre os serviços de saúde mental e as restantes áreas de intervenção nas perturbações da alimentação e da ingestão.

Background: Necrotising fasciitis is a potentially life-threatening soft tissue infection that mainly affects the fascia and deep planes, with a very high mortality rate and severe related complications. Aim: To evaluate clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with necrotising fasciitis in our hospital and to describe their diagnostic and therapeutic management. Material and methods: Retrospective review of medical records of 21 patients diagnosed with necrotising fasciitis with limb involvement between January 2003 and February 2021 in our hospital. Demographic data, clinical features and details of management and prognosis were collected for each patient. Results: Of 21 patients included, 15 were male (71.43%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 54.38 ± 19.55 years. The most frequent comorbidities were insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in seven patients (33.33%) and a history of cancer in five patients (23.81%). Infection was monomicrobial in 14 cases (66.66%), with Streptococcus pyogenes being the most frequent microorganism; multiple pathogens were isolated in 2 patients (9.52%) and no microorganism was identified in 5 patients (23.81%). All patients underwent surgery at our hospital, with a mean of 4.14 ± 3.98 surgeries. Only one patient underwent amputation of the affected limb. The mean hospital stay was 23.14 ± 16.44 days, with an overall mortality of 47.62% (10 cases). Conclusions: Despite being a rare disease, necrotising fasciitis is a very aggressive pathology, with a high mortality rate, especially in immunocompromised patients. Advanced age and oncological disease are potential factors of worse prognosis in the evolution of this condition. Resumen: Introducción: La fascitis necrosante es una infección de partes blandas potencialmente letal que afecta principalmente a la fascia y a los planos profundos, con una tasa muy alta de mortalidad y de complicaciones graves derivadas. Objetivo: Evaluar las características clínicas y demográficas de pacientes con fascitis necrosante en nuestro centro y describir su manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico. Material y métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de historias clínicas de 21 pacientes diagnosticados de fascitis necrosante con afectación de extremidades entre enero de 2003 y febrero de 2021 en nuestro centro. Se recogieron datos demográficos y clínicos del proceso y de la evaluación del manejo en cada paciente. Resultados: De 21 pacientes incluidos, 15 eran varones (71,43%), con una edad media al diagnóstico de 54,38 ± 19,55 años. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron diabetes mellitus insulinodependiente en 7 pacientes (33,33%) y procesos oncológicos en 5 pacientes (23,81%). La infección fue monomicrobiana en 14 casos (66,66%), siendo Streptococcus pyogenes el microorganismo más frecuente; en 2 casos (9,52%) fue polimicrobiana, y en 5 pacientes (23,81%) no se identificó el patógeno causante. Todos los pacientes fueron intervenidos en nuestro centro, con una media de 4,14 ± 3,98 cirugías, con un único caso de amputación de la extremidad afecta. La estancia hospitalaria media fue de 23,14 ± 16,44 días, situándose la mortalidad global en el 47,62% (10 casos). Conclusiones: Pese a tratarse de una condición poco frecuente, la fascitis necrosante es una patología muy agresiva, con una elevada tasa de mortalidad, especialmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Una edad avanzada y padecer un cuadro oncológico son factores potenciales de peor pronóstico en la evolución de este cuadro.

Introduction: The pancreas cancer constitutes one of the neoplasms with worse prognosis due to its late diagnosis. Objective: To characterize patients with pancreas cancer according to clinical epidemiological variables and complementary exams. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 70 patients with pancreas cancer was carried out, who were discharged from the General Surgery Service of Saturnino Lora Teaching Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba during 2016-2020. The variables studied were: age, sex, risk factors, associated diseases, signs and symptoms and complementary exams. Results: There was a prevalence of the male sex (54.2 %), the 51-70 age group, the ingestion of fatty foods and nicotine addiction and alcoholism as risk factors, the chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus and hypertension as more common associated diseases, as well as the general syndrome, jaundice and coluria among the most frequent signs and symptoms. On the other hand, according to the imaging studies, most of those affected were diagnosed by means of computerized axial tomography and abdominal echography (94.3 and 70.0 %, respectively). Conclusions: The multiscan computerized axial tomography is the image technique of election recommended by the guides of international consent. The radiographic report is the key for later decisions making but there are circumstances of the patient that can affect them, such as age, risk factors, signs and symptoms and comorbidity, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: The pancreas cancer constitutes one of the neoplasms with worse prognosis due to its late diagnosis. Objective: To characterize patients with pancreas cancer according to clinical epidemiological variables and complementary exams. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 70 patients with pancreas cancer was carried out, who were discharged from the General Surgery Service of Saturnino Lora Teaching Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba during 2016-2020. The variables studied were: age, sex, risk factors, associated diseases, signs and symptoms and complementary exams. Results: There was a prevalence of the male sex (54.2 %), the 51-70 age group, the ingestion of fatty foods and nicotine addiction and alcoholism as risk factors, the chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus and hypertension as more common associated diseases, as well as the general syndrome, jaundice and coluria among the most frequent signs and symptoms. On the other hand, according to the imaging studies, most of those affected were diagnosed by means of computerized axial tomography and abdominal echography (94.3 and 70.0 %, respectively). Conclusions: The multiscan computerized axial tomography is the image technique of election recommended by the guides of international consent. The radiographic report is the key for later decisions making but there are circumstances of the patient that can affect them, such as age, risk factors, signs and symptoms and comorbidity, among others.

El embarazo en edades cada vez más tempranas se está convirtiendo en un problema social y de salud pública que afecta a todos los estratos sociales. En este trabajo se caracterizó el embarazo en las adolescentes menores de 15 años asistidas en el área de atención primaria El Milagro, Riochico, mediante un estudio cuali-cuantitativo, retrospectivo y transversal. Los factores maternos individuales predisponentes fueron menarquia entre los 10-12 años, primera relación sexual entre los 12 y 14 años, no uso de anticoncepción ni protección durante las relaciones sexuales. Los controles prenatales insuficientes, familias monoparentales, antecedente familiar de embarazo en la adolescencia y familias disfuncionales, predominaron como factores familiares y culturales, así como el abandono de los estudios dentro de los factores predisponentes de tipo socioeconómicos. Las complicaciones maternas y fetales o neonatales más frecuentes fueron el parto pretérmino, nacimientos por cesárea, sangramientos postparto, neonatos con bajo peso al nacer, con depresión al nacer, taquipnea transitoria y enfermedad de membrana hialina posterior. Se identificaron los principales factores predisponentes durante el embarazo precoz, información que puede constituir una herramienta para la educación sexual y reproductiva en aras de minimizar el impacto de esta problemática de la salud pública en el desarrollo pleno de las adolescentes y sociedad en general.

Las enfermedades minoritarias constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de patologías de baja prevalencia, con un origen genético en la mayoría de los casos y frecuentemente asociadas a un retraso en su diagnóstico y notable morbi-mortalidad. Conocer las características clínicas y el grado de complejidad asistencial de los pacientes con enfermedades minoritarias que acuden a las consultas de medicina interna en Galicia podría facilitar una atención más eficaz y eficiente.

Introduction: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome has been the most coined terminology for the diagnosis of sequelae that persist for more than 3 months following SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. Objective: To determine the prevalence of post-COVID-19 diagnosis. Methodology: Descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, and observational study. The universe consists of all hospitalized patients of legal age who required oxygen therapy at the Centro Integral de Atención Provisional para Pacientes Moderados COVID-19 (FIGALI) during the first quarter of 2021. Demographic data, comorbidities, main persistent symptoms, and attendance to Post-COVID Clinics are described. Results: Predominantly those older than 50 years (66%), with an average stay of 10 days, most (79%) requiring low-flow oxygen therapy (moderate COVID-19), with equal distribution of sex and most respondents had a minimum of 5 months of discharge. The main comorbidities reported were hypertension (57%) and diabetes mellitus (31%). The prevalence of post-COVID-19 Diagnosis was 74% (131/177), with fatigue, cough and dyspnea being the main symptoms reported (45%, 32%, 29%) respectively. In the neuro-psychiatric aspect, anxiety was evident with 18% and depression in 14% of the patients surveyed. Conclusions: three out of four patients who required oxygen therapy persisted with at least one symptom more than 5 months after hospitalization, with fatigue being the predominant symptom. Despite the high prevalence described in this study, only one out of four patients reported having attended Post-COVID Clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]