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Controlling urban sprawl are the overarching challenges facing cities worldwide. This article delves into the pivotal role of policy entrepreneurship throughout the planning and implementation phases of compact city initiatives. Drawing insights from the experiences of Aomori City and Toyama City in Japan, this study scrutinizes the drivers behind the shift toward urban compactness and its consequent outcomes. The incorporation of policy studies theories into the realm of compact city development has been scant. To bridge this gap, the research leverages process-oriented theories from policy studies to dissect the decision-making processes guiding compact city development in these two pivotal municipalities. Through this investigation, it is revealed that the effective transition to compact urbanization in Japanese municipalities predominantly stems from policy entrepreneurship. The author posits that this achievement is primarily attributed to adept local mayors who possess the acumen to cater to specific local needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Japanese Journal of JSCE / Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu is the property of Japan Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reintroduction of natural components into the urban environment has several benefits for the adaptation of urban environments. The urban green infrastructure (UGI) approach makes it possible to develop greening programs on a sound scientific basis and in connection with the ability to provide ecosystem services. However, in practice, UGI programs are almost exclusively based on the concept of a continuous green network, which requires large-scale interventions such as green corridors and parks. This severely limits the extension of UGI in dense urban areas such as historic centers. This article introduces the concept of green fragments and proposes an integrative approach to support greater spatial flexibility of the UGI. By setting appropriate limits on the number and proximity of green fragments, the resulting green system keeps functional connectivity despite being physically discontinuous. The proposed approach was tested in the case study of the historical center of Milan, leading to the proposal of integrations regarding the identification and mapping of the existing UGI and the planning of its future extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Densification has become a dominant strategy for sustainable urban development in recent decades, viewed as a main antidote to urban sprawl and essential for achieving a range of urban qualities from economic to ecological. Despite its prominence as an indicator and driver of sustainable development, measuring density in a meaningful way poses significant challenges. Arbitrary metrics often overlook the complexity of density and its associations, leading to potential unintended outcomes in density-driven planning. Using the Helsinki region as a case study, this article demonstrates the sensitivity of density measurements to minor changes in reference areas and calculation units, highlighting how different types of density can loosely relate to each other. Our findings underscore the importance of precise methodological choices in avoiding misguided planning decisions and policy advice that could compromise sustainability goals, revealing the complex dynamics of infill and edge growth often obscured in regional density measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the 'compact city' can provide environmental benefits, densification can result in negative trade-offs at the local scale – e.g. through increases in density and the removal of urban green space – and densification projects are often rejected by locals. This paper explores examples of densification in a compact European city, integrating different stakeholder perspectives from planners as well as neighbours of densification projects. Neighbours do not reject densification per se, but evaluate the individual projects and their contexts. Evaluation depended mostly on how the projects impacted urban green space, social mix and available parking spaces. Implications are discussed and 'good practice' criteria that could reduce the trade-offs of densification are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residential mobility, the movement of households within urban areas, is an important issue for urban planning and development. However, little is known on how residential mobility intentions are shaped in densifying cities. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative survey material from the densifying inner city of Oslo, Norway, we investigate potential drivers of intentions to live longer in a neighbourhood of a densifying inner city. Findings show that dwelling ownership, dwelling size, perceived neighbourhood safety, and socializing with friends and neighbours locally are all associated with intentions to live longer in a neighbourhood. Residents of older compact neighbourhoods are found to participate more frequently in activities locally and seem to have stronger local social ties than residents of newly densified neighbourhoods. Moreover, residents' insights suggest that newly densified neighbourhoods are often inadequately designed or developed in terms of physical attributes, and this may contribute to possible moving intentions. These findings shed further light on the challenging path towards liveable urban densification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review aims to illustrate the state of the art of walkability indices and future research directions. A comprehensive search in the general Google database and Google Scholar identified a total of 45 records published between 2005 and 2023. Using a selection process based on the PRISMA model, 32 records were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. These are organized incrementally, highlighting their novelty relative to preceding studies, and divided into sectors of prevalent application. The 5Ds theory provides a first contribution by identifying walkability metrics based on proximity to amenities, land use diversity, and density. Recent advancements, leveraging GIS systems and open data, have expanded such metrics to include green spaces, footpath design, and noise pollution. However, these developments remain largely tied to the catchment area logic and offer coarse descriptions of the built environment's morphological structure, often lacking justification for metric selection and weighting. To address these shortcomings, future research should use more detailed descriptions of urban form, balance metric comprehensiveness with data availability, employ robust methods for metric selection, and explore alternative weighting techniques based on cognitive and emotional responses to urban settings. These efforts are crucial for advancing the understanding and measurement of walkability in the context of the compact city and place-making paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is critical that urban densification is accepted as a planning strategy for enhanced, sustainable urban development, especially considering the compacting of urban areas, integrated land uses, reduced land take and the need to conserve urban green spaces. Nevertheless, its implementation has challenged the management of urban green spaces. Densification has created a dilemma in planning as planners battle to provide better green spaces, while simultaneously implementing urban densification projects. This study explores the persistent challenges and opportunities of urban densification in intermediate African cities, using a case study of Umhlanga in the eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The study used a mixed method approach, using questionnaires, unstructured interviews and field observations. The results indicated that urban growth in intermediate towns is dominated by horizontal expansion, despite introducing urban densification policies, which has proved detrimental to ecological conservation. Furthermore, embarking on growth that integrates various land uses is increasingly enhancing those towns' resilience and slowing down urban sprawl. This study shows that transformation in urban planning is essential in integrating ecological conservation in densification projects. Urban densification should not be treated in isolation but involve multiple city stakeholders in several city departments to achieve a broad range of goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prevalent solution to accommodate population growth due to urbanization is densification. However, this often pushes new residential housing closer to roads, increasing exposure to both noise and air pollution. The present study’s aim was to estimate the health impacts of road traffic-related noise and air pollution for a low-income area (Drottninghög) in Helsingborg, Sweden, according to pre-densification (2012) and post-densification (2030) scenarios.Road traffic noise was simulated at the façade of residential buildings using the Nordic prediction method, and exposure was assessed using SoundPLAN. Exposure-response functions (ERF) from the WHO were utilized for the following health outcomes associated with noise: annoyance, adverse sleep disturbance, ischemic heart disease (IHD) incidence and IHD mortality. Air pollution (nitrogen dioxide, NO2) was assessed using a Gaussian dispersion model (AERMODE). Health outcomes associated with NO2 included natural cause mortality, pediatric asthma, respiratory hospitalizations and low birth weight (LBW). ERFs were derived from meta-analyses. Health impact assessments were then performed for both scenarios.Densifying Drottninghög according to the municipality’s planned strategy would lead to a 15 % unit increase in the proportion of residents exposed to road traffic noise above the WHO’s health-based guideline value (53 dB(A) Lden). This was estimated to markedly increase the proportion of residents highly annoyed by traffic noise (7.4–13.9 %) as well as those highly sleep disturbed (3.0–4.9 %). IHD incidence and IHD mortality attributed to noise would increase by an estimated 49 % and 44 %, respectively, post-densification. NO2 exposure was estimated to increase slightly (0.7 µg/m3) post-densification, which would contribute to an estimated 4–6 % increase in natural cause mortality, pediatric asthma, respiratory hospitalization and LBW.Urban planning initiatives need to consider these prevalent urban environmental exposures and integrate a public health perspective into densification strategies. Doing so can create synergies in the built environment that promote healthy, sustainable cities.

Children’s active travel and independent mobility, especially regarding their daily travel to and from school, is essential for their wellbeing, influencing their physical health, psychology, social and cognitive skills, as well as priming children and youth for active and sustainable mobility choices when they become adults. Although active travel and independent mobility are interrelated concepts, they are quite distinct from each other, since a child’s active travel to school, on foot or by bicycle, can also occur with an adult escort. This article investigates children’s school commute patterns in a compact-city environment, using a structured questionnaire addressed to parents of elementary school children. The empirical study was conducted in Kordelio-Evosmos, a densely populated municipality in western Thessaloniki, which has one of the highest percentages of child population among Greek cities. The survey included questions about children’s school travel patterns, parents’ own perceptions of the characteristics of the school route, and their views regarding the overall quality of the neighbourhood environment. Children’s age ranged from 6 to 12 years, with 72.82% being 9 years or over. We found that 66.5% of the children commute to school on foot; however, only 14.08% do so on their own. Parents’ decision to escort their children along the route contradicts the area’s compact-city attributes, such as short distances between home and school and mixed uses. Problematic aspects of the neighbourhood environment such as unsafe crossings, poor pedestrian infrastructure, and drivers’ illegal behaviour were found to influence parents’ decisions over their children’s travel modes.

Research on compact cities repeatedly reveals inadequate amounts of land for outdoor recreational activities. However, few studies examine the practices of planning outdoor recreation in the compact city. This study explores the integration of sites for outdoor recreation into the compact city using a Swedish municipality as a case study. The paper draws on material semiotics to show the existence of several parallel planning trajectories, of which only certain adhere to the compact rationale. Results indicate a need to overcome administrative silos and suggest the potential of engaging with past planning for addressing the multifaceted topic of outdoor recreation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectus is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The reintroduction of natural components into the urban environment has several benefits for the adaptation of urban environments. The urban green infrastructure (UGI) approach makes it possible to develop greening programs on a sound scientific basis and in connection with the ability to provide ecosystem services. However, in practice, UGI programs are almost exclusively based on the concept of a continuous green network, which requires large-scale interventions such as green corridors and parks. This severely limits the extension of UGI in dense urban areas such as historic centers. This article introduces the concept of green fragments and proposes an integrative approach to support greater spatial flexibility of the UGI. By setting appropriate limits on the number and proximity of green fragments, the resulting green system keeps functional connectivity despite being physically discontinuous. The proposed approach was tested in the case study of the historical center of Milan, leading to the proposal of integrations regarding the identification and mapping of the existing UGI and the planning of its future extension.

In depopulating cities, vacant houses and lots are common throughout the urban area, creating low-density urban areas that can lead to inefficiencies in public services and financial deterioration for municipalities. However, despite some studies demonstrating the relationship between population density and public expenditure, no generalized conclusion regarding the essential effect of reducing public expenditure has been reached. Consequently, no method for rationally setting a population density as a performance target for municipalities when developing compact city planning has been established. Thus, this study used the cross-sectional data from Japanese municipalities and the exponentiation regression equation, to determine the strong relationship between population density and per-person public expenditure (PPPE). The findings are particularly noteworthy for municipalities that grew under a nationwide uniform city planning and accounting system, as they provide valuable insights into the generalization of the public expenditure reduction effect. Furthermore, this study developed a method using the exponentiation regression equation, which demonstrated an L-shaped trajectory indicating that PPPE increases at an accelerating rate when population density falls below a certain threshold. Municipalities can evaluate the efficiency of public expenditure simply by applying their population density to the regression equation. They can also verify population density as a performance target. Furthermore, this study revealed the turning point of population density at which the acceleration in the increase in PPPE begins, implying that municipalities can expect a grace period until the turning point.

Compact city policies have gained global attention for their potential to combat urban sprawl, conserve suburban open spaces, reduce energy consumption, and cultivate vibrant urban living environments. While these policies are widely believed to contribute to urban low-carbon objectives, empirical evidence has been lacking. This study focuses on the pivotal elements of compact city development, investigating impacts on sectoral urban carbon emissions and uncovering spatial heterogeneity. The research outcomes affirm that density and accessibility indicators exert significant negative influences on carbon intensity for the energy, industrial, household, and transportation sectors. While public transport, despite its fundamental role in compact city theory, does not show effectiveness in reducing urban carbon emissions as expected. The study highlights that as an approach toward achieving urban sustainability under the scope of climate change adaptation, compact city development strategies necessitate a careful balance in their application. Further, we underscore the importance of complementing compact city policies with greener energy strategies to effectively realize low-carbon urban transportation goals.

Introduction: A compact city is a sustainable urban form. The main goal of this idea is to create cities with high density but far from the problems in the modernist city. This research aims to evaluate the physical-functional aspect of city form based on the compact city approach in 22 districts of Tehran. Data and Method: Eight indicators of mix and variety of uses, density of residential buildings, percentage of rehabilitation and renovation of urban decay, population density, street density, subway coverage, bus coverage, and bicycle paths have been used. The research method is applied research and the findings obtained from the network analysis in ArcGis and Shannon entropy were obtained and then Merec method was used for weighting the parameters and Cocoso method was used for ranking the options which were the same areas of Tehran. Results: In order to rank the regions of Tehran in terms of a physical-functional aspect of compact urban form, at first, data related to each measure was collected for 22 regions and then the score of each measure was converted into a standard score. Finally, the areas of Tehran city were divided into five groups according to the level of physical-functional aspect of compact urban form parameters. Conclusion: The results show that each of the regions has different criteria of 8 parameters of the physical-functional aspect of compact urban form, that region 6 with k=2.154 has the highest priority and region 19 with k=1.333 has the lowest priority and potential for compact urban form. In addition, other regions are also ranked according to the final score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines and visualizes a future urban structure of local metropolitan areas that extend over prefectural borders as in the case of Sinjiko‐nakaumi metropolitan areas located across Tottori prefecture and Shimane prefecture. First, we constructed an expert system based on prefectural and city administrative plans in the metropolitan urban area, showing a compact city model (Scenario 1). Second, we developed a compact city model to reflect potential development、 taking into account agricultural land conversions (Scenario 2). By comparing the results of these scenarios, we found that it is possible to visualize an intensive urban structure that takes into account the possibility of urban sprawl given that the conversion of agricultural land in suburban areas is only allowed at a certain level of development. Additionally, we identified inadequacies in existing compact‐city construction plans. To plan an effective urban structure for metropolitan areas situated on prefectural borders, it is important to emphasize the necessity of collaboration between municipalities in developing master plans for urban planning in areas located at or near borders. It is also necessary to review and redesign municipal master plans to ensure mutually convenient locations for facilities near borders and to regulate development in suburban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban structure conceptualisation using compact and polycentric city narratives is often performed separately. However, although both are based on different spatial grammars, they are inextricably linked. The spatially equitable distribution and accessibility of urban functions are often seen as their main contributions. This paper uses the unprecedented circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic to further analyse the relationship between the two narratives, using the radical transformation of a retail network in a post-socialist city (Brno, Czech Republic) as an example. Based on an in-depth analysis of government measures aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus and their coverage in the media, operational changes among all stores in the city are quantified. A comparative spatial analysis then shows that, in addition to economic inequalities, spatial injustice was exacerbated by the position of the central government, with varying degrees of intensity depending on the type of urban structure. It is argued that the resilience potential of polycentric and compact structures is very low, especially in the absence of retail planning and reflection upon spatiality in ensuring social equity.

In high-density metropolitan areas prone to air pollution, public transit may be less preferred when air quality is poor due to the difficulty of avoiding outdoor air exposure during their use. By applying seemingly unrelated regression models, we examined the association of particulate matter (PM) with both public transit ridership and, as an alternative to sharing vehicular traffic demands, private car road traffic in Seoul from 2015 to 2018. To control for fluctuations in ridership and road traffic associated with seasonalities such as the day of the week, we used nine-term moving averages transformed into residual form. Results show that higher PM concentration was negatively associated with not only transit ridership, but also road traffic volume and congestion level; yet, the reduction in subway ridership was found to be larger than that in road traffic. This suggests that (1) when PM concentration is severe, people could reduce overall travel rather than change travel modes from public transit to private cars, thus implying that both modes are complementary rather than substitutionary in terms of responding to air pollution; and (2) public transit still seems more susceptible to air pollution than private cars. The findings help us understand the adverse effects of air pollution on public transit use as well as better predict and respond to demand for public transit in poor atmospheric conditions, thereby providing future policy directions for sustainable transportation planning.

Abstract This study examines and visualizes a future urban structure of local metropolitan areas that extend over prefectural borders as in the case of Sinjiko‐nakaumi metropolitan areas located across Tottori prefecture and Shimane prefecture. First, we constructed an expert system based on prefectural and city administrative plans in the metropolitan urban area, showing a compact city model (Scenario 1). Second, we developed a compact city model to reflect potential development、 taking into account agricultural land conversions (Scenario 2). By comparing the results of these scenarios, we found that it is possible to visualize an intensive urban structure that takes into account the possibility of urban sprawl given that the conversion of agricultural land in suburban areas is only allowed at a certain level of development. Additionally, we identified inadequacies in existing compact‐city construction plans. To plan an effective urban structure for metropolitan areas situated on prefectural borders, it is important to emphasize the necessity of collaboration between municipalities in developing master plans for urban planning in areas located at or near borders. It is also necessary to review and redesign municipal master plans to ensure mutually convenient locations for facilities near borders and to regulate development in suburban areas.

Modern cities require urban compact development to be sustainable. The evaluation of urban compact development may help create more accurate and realistic policies. The spatio-temporal dynamic evolution of urban compact development efficiency and its regional differences in China are examined in this study. This paper analysis uses 282 cities from 2005 to 2021. The unexpected output super-efficiency SBM model measures urban compact development efficiency. In this study, the urban compact development efficiency's spatial and temporal patterns are also examined using kernel density estimation (KDE) and the Theil index (TI). The average efficiency of urban compact development in China has decreased slightly. However, compact efficiency disparities are decreasing. Eastern cities have a relatively stable compact efficiency, while central and western cities vary more. The compact efficiency polarisation has not changed fundamentally. The compact city growth model's spatial agglomeration is poor, limiting its spatial spillover impact. Thus, compact urban development is necessary to speed up planning, facilitate inter-city production factor movement by creating a comprehensive transport network, and maximise co-location benefits with the regional integration strategy. This method will gradually reduce regional urban development disparities and push Chinese cities towards more refined and sustainable compact development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Space & Form / Przestrzeń i FORMA is the property of West Pomeranian University of Technology, Department of Architecture & Urban Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Cars are dominating urban traffic in cities around the world, even though daily trips in many cities are often realized with active modes of transportation or public transport. Urban transport planning processes need to adapt to this reality and the necessity of climate change mitigation. Against this background, the research project “Mobility Reporting”, a joint undertaking of the district Pankow in Berlin and researchers from TU Berlin and TU Dresden, established a new, goal-driven, and participative planning process. The process identified local mobility as one of the central planning goals. The 15-min city (FMC) was thus adduced as a benchmark to analyze the district’s current mobility system and development potential. We conducted extensive accessibility analyses to examine the status quo concerning the FMC. We calculated travel times to essential destinations in daily life by foot, public transport, and car. This analysis was accompanied by a mixed online and paper–pencil survey conducted to evaluate the perceived accessibility of people in Pankow. The survey results shed light on the question of which walking time thresholds constitute a “very good” or “good” accessibility. Further analyses included environmental and social variables, allowing us to check whether areas with different accessibility levels also differ regarding the socio-economic characteristics of their inhabitants. For example, do socially advantaged neighborhoods have better local accessibility? Is there a trade-off between exposure to environmental pollution and good accessibility? With this contribution, we shed light on what an FMC is and ought to be. Results from the survey support the normative and political vision of the FMC. Pankow generally offers the merits of a walkable city, showing the expected travel time differences between the dense inner city and the outskirts. Socially disadvantaged neighborhoods are not consistently less accessible. However, there seems to be a trade-off between good accessibility (especially PT accessibility) and correlated externalities of transport, namely air pollution and noise.

The compact city paradigm is an influential but debatable school of thought. In the current literature, the empirical findings of both sides of the debate are sometimes based on inapplicable types of cities, which leads to opposing perspectives and pieces of advice. Instead of judging whether a compact city is good or bad, this theoretical article focuses on the suitability of the compact city paradigm. It employs a counterfactual approach instead of analyzing the compact status quo. Through a qualitative content analysis, this article develops indicators of the form change rationales from 150 frequently cited academic works. Then, it develops a five-section framework that guides planners in organizing their thinking when they need to examine the suitability of a compact city approach to local contexts. It will help scholars and decision makers apply the real content of the paradigm but without considering it absolute. Not all cities are comparable with the cases of successful compact cities. If a city has different basic conditions, industrial conditions, and social conditions, it may not be able to achieve the same benefits by employing the same principles. The suitability of the compact city paradigm depends on the appropriate timing for the policy window, the region for compactness, and the degree of compactness for the trade-offs among goals. The problem of city limits, especially the exogenous and governmental conditions, should also be considered as a social context for choosing an urban form. When planners attempt to apply the compact form of previous successful cases to their cities, they may examine whether their cities have similar suburbanization rationales as these cases following the indicators summarized in this article. This will help planners to organize the related contextual conditions in a more systematic way, as well as better respond to the challenges of the compact city paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of accelerating the development of modern urban agglomerations and improving the spatial governance system in China, high-density cities with a continuously growing population concentration will become an important subject in the future urban design theory and practice. This paper, from the perspective of morphology, reviews the initial causes of high-density cities in urban development history and summarizes the design theory and practice exploration in order to address the challenges of high-density cities. Utilizing CiteSpace knowledge map analysis, this study examines the latest research progress on the morphology of high-density cities internationally over the past 30 years. Based on the clustering structure and context spectrum of their related fields, three mainstream research categories are summarized, corresponding to the social, economic, and ecological systems. Finally, in response to the practical issues faced by urban development in China, the paper proposes urban design strategies and technological innovation mechanisms, exploring the implementation way for improving the quality and the refined operation of future high-density city morphologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responsible and rational urban planning is reflected in an integral and multidimensional approach to city development. Contemporary theories of sustainable and resilient urban planning support a clear vision and strategy for city development, emphasizing its identity, specifics, and values. Through its vision and action plans, the city of Banja Luka protects its default identity as a green city while recognizing the current development trend toward a compact city. The paper deals with two theories: green and compact cities, both motivated by ecological and energy planning. The paper aims to show the importance of the green dimension of a compact city and the adoption of the principles of compactness in the green city in order to examine its contribution through synergistic action. Through the comparative analysis of the green structure change toward a compact urban area and temperature rise in the last fifty years and on different scales, it is possible to question the set green goals and effects of environmental urban (non) planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical phenomenon of peri-urban construction of Latin American cities has been aggravated in the contemporary condition, where overaccumulation has widened inequalities and "globalized" urban structural models, making their urban structure not very systemic, very fragmented and spread. Which, in turn, created greater difficulties for social inclusion, due to the channeling of investments to the high-income suburbs, causing greater shortages in the provision of low-income. The objective of this article is to discuss the process of metropolization in the city of Goiânia, capital of the State of Goiás, from the perspective of the dichotomy between center and periphery, with a focus on the spread of its urban fabric. The methodology consists of carrying out the preliminary mapping of the Goianiense housing production, both for low-income and high-income enterprises in the 2000-2020 time frame. As a result of this study, it was found that the highest concentration of social housing related developments coincides with the periphery of the city, whereas the enterprises related to the higher income classes are located in the capital's suburb. It is concluded that the model that is being adopted is not adequate, because the sprawling urban structure contributes to inequality and social exclusion. Goiânia clearly demonstrates the negative influence of urban sprawl to the detriment of the concrete possibilities of compacting its current structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compact city has garnered significant attention from researchers in academia, particularly in recent years, due to its relevance to various global challenges, such as climate change, COVID-19, economic crises, and urbanization. Given the vast knowledge represented in the compact city literature and its diverse perspectives, this study aims is a comprehensive literature review through bibliometric analysis. Following the PRISMA protocol, a total of 570 articles from the Scopus database published in English between 1973 and 2022 underwent screening at two main levels of bibliometric analysis: performance analysis and science mapping. The findings of this study reveal a substantial increase in scientific production related to the compact city over the years. Furthermore, the concept of the compact city encompasses multiple dimensions, with a significant emphasis on the urban dimension. Remarkably, Asian countries (regions), particularly mainland China and China-Hong Kong, demonstrate a notable interest in the compact city concept. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the scientific production of compact city literature, highlighting its growth, multidimensionality, and geographic focus, which can inform future research and policymaking efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]