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Background: Bilberries are effective in inducing clinical, endoscopic, and biochemical improvement in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of anthocyanin-rich extract (ACRE), the bioactive ingredient of bilberries, in a controlled clinical trial in moderate-to-severe UC. Methods: A multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study with a parallel group was conducted. Initially, the study was planned for 100 patients; nevertheless, it prematurely ended due to COVID-19. Patients had moderate-to-severe active UC at screening (a Mayo score of 6–12, an endoscopic sub-score ≥ 2) and were randomized at baseline. The primary endpoint was a clinical response (week 8, a total Mayo score reduction ≥ 3 points). Fecal calprotectin (FC) and a centrally read endoscopic response were among the secondary endpoints. Results: Out of 48 patients (6 Swiss centers), 34 were randomized. Eighteen ACRE and eight placebo patients could be analyzed (per protocol set). Half (9/18) of ACRE patients and 3/8 of placebo patients responded clinically (p = 0.278). An improvement in the Mayo score was observed in the ACRE arm (77.8% vs. 62.5% placebo). FC dropped from 1049 ± 1139 to 557 ± 756 μg/g for ACRE but not for the placebo group (947 ± 1039 to 1040 ± 1179; p = 0.035). Serious adverse events were rare. Conclusions: ACRE treatment did not yield significant superiority to the placebo. Furthermore, the placebo response was unusually high. Moreover, there was a significant calprotectin decrease at the end of treatment, indicative of ACRE efficacy in UC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing interest in complementary interventions for stroke recovery necessitates the need for neural insights to aid in making evidence-based clinical decisions. This systematic review examined the brain activation effects of complementary therapies, including acupuncture (n = 5), motor imagery therapy (MIT) (n = 5), music (n = 3), and virtual reality (VR) interventions (n = 3), on clinical outcomes and neural activity in stroke patients. All therapies engaged motor and sensory networks, frontal regions, parietal regions, and temporal regions, suggesting their potential to improve motor control, attention, memory, and cognitive function. Acupuncture activated motor areas in both hemispheres, while MIT stimulated frontoparietal regions in both sides of the brain, supporting whole-body integration in recovery. In contrast, VR therapy exhibited ipsilesional lateralization, while music therapy showed left-lateralization. The review also found that increased interhemispheric connectivity between motor regions, along with intrahemispheric ipsilesional connectivity between motor, cognitive, and sensory areas, is key to achieving better clinical outcomes. Systematic Review Registration: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO , identifier (ID: CRD42023455192). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Lemongrass oil has become a significant focus in aromatherapy research due to its psychomodulatory effects, which are believed to act through the limbic system- a critical region for emotional control and memory. Research indicates that lemongrass oil can effectively lower anxiety, improve mood and enhance cognitive performance. However, the specific mechanisms by which lemongrass oil influences neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission remain unclear. Aim: To explore Auditory Reaction Time (ART) and Visual Reaction Time (VRT) to gain a better understanding of the neurophysiological effects of lemongrass oil and its potential therapeutic uses following 30 minutes of inhalation of lemongrass oil. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 30 healthy volunteers after obtaining clearance from the ethics committee and informed consent from the participants. The audio visual reaction times were recorded twice for each subject, before and after the intervention- i.e., 30 minutes of inhalation of lemongrass oil using an aroma lamp. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0, and a paired t-test was applied. Results: The present study showed a significant decrease in both ART and VRT (p-value=0.001 and 0.02, respectively) after 30 minutes of inhalation of lemongrass oil. The pre-exposure values of ART (1.01±0.46 msec) decreased to 0.79±0.29 msec, while VRT (0.70±0.29 msec) decreased to 0.63±0.26 msec. Conclusion: The shortened ART and VRT indicate the stimulatory effect of inhaling lemongrass oil on central neurons, especially in the limbic system, through the activation of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) receptors. Hence, this results in increased attention and alertness in the brain.

Copyright of Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal / İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Izmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Health Sciene Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The incidence of diabetes, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is increasing sharply worldwide. To reverse this, more effective approaches in prevention and treatment are needed. In our review, we sought to summarize normal insulin action and the pathways that primarily influence the development of T2DM. Normal insulin action involves mitogenic and metabolic pathways, as both are important in normal metabolic processes, regeneration, etc. However, through excess energy, both can be hyperactive or attenuated/inactive leading to disturbances in the cellular and systemic regulation with the consequence of cellular stress and systemic inflammation. In this review, we detailed the beneficial molecular changes caused by some important components of nutrition and by exercise, which act in the same molecular targets as the developed drugs, and can revert the damaged pathways. Moreover, these induce entire networks of regulatory mechanisms and proteins to restore unbalanced homeostasis, proving their effectiveness as preventive and complementary therapies. These are the main steps for success in prevention and treatment of developed diseases to rid the body of excess energy, both from stored fats and from overnutrition, while facilitating fat burning with adequate, regular exercise in healthy people, and together with necessary drug treatment as required in patients with insulin resistance and T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to limited studies, we systematically reviewed evidence on the impact of physical exercise on intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma patients, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Using MEDLINE/Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, we selected English, Portuguese, or Spanish studies excluding case reports and yoga-based interventions. From 1001 records, 15 studies were independently evaluated. Evaluated through the MMAT scoring system, two quantitative randomised controlled studies scored 100% while 13 non-randomised studies averaged 84.62%. Our findings indicated that both aerobic and resistance training led to an immediate IOP reduction post-exercise. However, these findings were largely from single-session experiments. In contrast, the effects of longer-term exercise programmes on IOP varied. Although our review underscores the potential utility of exercise in IOP management, the evidence remains inconclusive due to variations in study design, participant demographics, and exercise parameters. This lack of consistency in the research highlights the necessity for larger, standardised, and longer-term studies to robustly corroborate these preliminary findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The services defined as complementary and alternative medicine/healthcare (CAM) are used to varying degrees according to the nature of the health problem, and musculoskeletal disorders, in particular, often lead to the use of CAM. Chronic pain is often cited as a reason for using CAM, and it is also the cardinal symptom of patients with back pain referred for specialist care. However, previous studies do not consider the heterogeneity of back pain when examining the use of CAM. Thus, this study aimed to explore the associations between CAM use and clinical findings incl. ICD-10 diagnostic codes in such a context. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a logistic regression analysis examined associations between CAM use and clinical findings at a public outpatient spine department. Chi-squared test examined the association between self-reported reasons for CAM use and the diagnostic groups. Results: Of the 432 patients in the study population, 23.8% reported using CAM within 12 months prior to clinical assessment. CAM use was associated with being female and of younger age. Seeking CAM was not associated with clinical findings nor diagnosis, and no statistically significant association between the reasons for seeking CAM and the diagnostic groups was described. Conclusions: Among patients referred to specialist care for back pain, this study provides no evidence that the spinal condition should be expected to lead to the use of CAM. Only the individual demographic findings, specifically age and gender, were associated with CAM use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing interest in complementary interventions for stroke recovery necessitates the need for neural insights to aid in making evidence-based clinical decisions. This systematic review examined the brain activation effects of complementary therapies, including acupuncture (n = 5), motor imagery therapy (MIT) (n = 5), music (n = 3), and virtual reality (VR) interventions (n = 3), on clinical outcomes and neural activity in stroke patients. All therapies engaged motor and sensory networks, frontal regions, parietal regions, and temporal regions, suggesting their potential to improve motor control, attention, memory, and cognitive function. Acupuncture activated motor areas in both hemispheres, while MIT stimulated frontoparietal regions in both sides of the brain, supporting whole-body integration in recovery. In contrast, VR therapy exhibited ipsilesional lateralization, while music therapy showed left-lateralization. The review also found that increased interhemispheric connectivity between motor regions, along with intrahemispheric ipsilesional connectivity between motor, cognitive, and sensory areas, is key to achieving better clinical outcomes.Systematic Review Registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier (ID: CRD42023455192).

HIGHLIGHTS • Complementary treatments have been shown to greatly reduce the intesity of dysminorrhea pain. • The use of medicinal plants, herbal concoctions, or compresses might reduce dysmenorrhea discomfort more effectively than taking medications like mefenamic acid, ibuprofen, piroxicam, etc. ABSTRACT Objective: The study's objective was to obtain latest data on alternative therapy for dysmenorrhea in adolescent females of reproductive age. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA ScR protocol. A search was conducted on PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley, yielding 848 studies. Ten literature studies were identified that satisfied the criteria for population, exposure, and outcome. The studies also incorporated inclusion criteria, focusing on women of reproductive age who had dysmenorrhea. Results: Out of 848 articles, 32 were considered potentially relevant and met the inclusion criteria. The articles indicated that teenagers commonly used warm compresses and herbal drinks as supplementary therapies to alleviate dys-menorrhea due to their perceived effectiveness and comfort. Other complement-ary therapies for the condition included massage, relaxation, herbal products, self-care practices, acupuncture, and therapeutic methods. Conclusion: Herbal and warm water compress are the most commonly applied alternative therapies for treating dysmenorrhea.

Aims There is minimal research on the duration of biofield experiences. This preliminary study used the experiential learning practice of Master Choa Kok Sui's hands sensitisation to determine the duration to experience biofield sensations in between hands and to find the relationship between learning style preferences and biofield sensations. Methods This randomized placebo controlled, single blinded trial included 88 male and female pre-service teachers, aged 22.8±1.2 years. Participants completed a ruler drop test for reaction time, and Six Letter Cancellation test for measuring attention, learning style questionnaire for preferred method of learning, before randomization. The experimental (hands facing each other as introduced by Master Choa Kok Sui) and sham (hands facing opposite) groups practiced hands sensitisation. A semi-structured questionnaire was provided to gather information about biofield sensations and the time it took to experience these sensations between the hands. Results All (N=44) the participants in the experimental group and 13 participants in the sham group reported experiencing biofield sensations. A significant difference was noticed in experiencing magnetic (X 2 = 38.247, p ≤ .001), physical sensations of energy (X 2 = 12.02, p ≤ .001) and pain (X 2 = 62.259, p ≤ .001) among the experimental and sham group . In the experimental group, the average time taken to first experience magnetic sensation, other biofield sensations and temperature variation was 34.84±12.97seconds, 40.28±20.96 seconds and 42.50±19.79 seconds, respectively. Minimum time taken to first experience biofield sensation was 5 seconds and lasted up to study duration of 120 seconds. There was no correlation found between reaction time, sustained attention, and the time needed to experience biofield sensations. Conclusions This study highlights importance of Master Choa Kok Sui hand sensitization in controlled setting revealing differences in experiences of various biofield sensations, showing valuable time-related insights and variability of sensation based on preferred learning.

Aims There is minimal research on the duration of biofield experiences. This preliminary study used the experiential learning practice of Master Choa Kok Sui's hands sensitisation to determine the duration to experience biofield sensations in between hands and to find the relationship between learning style preferences and biofield sensations. Methods This randomized placebo controlled, single blinded trial included 88 male and female pre-service teachers, aged 22.8±1.2 years. Participants completed a ruler drop test for reaction time, and Six Letter Cancellation test for measuring attention, learning style questionnaire for preferred method of learning, before randomization. The experimental (hands facing each other as introduced by Master Choa Kok Sui) and sham (hands facing opposite) groups practiced hands sensitisation. A semi-structured questionnaire was provided to gather information about biofield sensations and the time it took to experience these sensations between the hands. Results All (N=44) the participants in the experimental group and 13 participants in the sham group reported experiencing biofield sensations. A significant difference was noticed in experiencing magnetic (X 2 = 38.247, p ≤ .001), physical sensations of energy (X 2 = 12.02, p ≤ .001) and pain (X 2 = 62.259, p ≤ .001) among the experimental and sham group . In the experimental group, the average time taken to first experience magnetic sensation, other biofield sensations and temperature variation was 34.84±12.97seconds, 40.28±20.96 seconds and 42.50±19.79 seconds, respectively. Minimum time taken to first experience biofield sensation was 5 seconds and lasted up to study duration of 120 seconds. There was no correlation found between reaction time, sustained attention, and the time needed to experience biofield sensations. Conclusions This study highlights importance of Master Choa Kok Sui hand sensitization in controlled setting revealing differences in experiences of various biofield sensations, showing valuable time-related insights and variability of sensation based on preferred learning.

Aims There is minimal research on the duration of biofield experiences. This preliminary study used the experiential learning practice of Master Choa Kok Sui’s hands sensitisation to determine the duration to experience biofield sensations in between hands and to find the relationship between learning style preferences and biofield sensations. Methods This randomized placebo controlled, single blinded trial included 88 male and female pre-service teachers, aged 22.8±1.2 years. Participants completed a ruler drop test for reaction time, and Six Letter Cancellation test for measuring attention, learning style questionnaire for preferred method of learning, before randomization. The experimental (hands facing each other as introduced by Master Choa Kok Sui) and sham (hands facing opposite) groups practiced hands sensitisation. A semi-structured questionnaire was provided to gather information about biofield sensations and the time it took to experience these sensations between the hands. Results All (N=44) the participants in the experimental group and 13 participants in the sham group reported experiencing biofield sensations. A significant difference was noticed in experiencing magnetic (X 2 = 38.247, p ≤ .001), physical sensations of energy (X 2 = 12.02, p ≤ .001) and pain (X 2 = 62.259, p ≤ .001) among the experimental and sham group . In the experimental group, the average time taken to first experience magnetic sensation, other biofield sensations and temperature variation was 34.84±12.97seconds, 40.28±20.96 seconds and 42.50±19.79 seconds, respectively. Minimum time taken to first experience biofield sensation was 5 seconds and lasted up to study duration of 120 seconds. There was no correlation found between reaction time, sustained attention, and the time needed to experience biofield sensations. Conclusions This study highlights importance of Master Choa Kok Sui hand sensitization in controlled setting revealing differences in experiences of various biofield sensations, showing valuable time-related insights and variability of sensation based on preferred learning.

AbstractPurposeMaterials and methodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe aims of this study were to explore (1) the considerations of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in choosing to use non-pharmacological treatments (N-PTs) for neuropathic pain (NP), (2) which factors influence their decision and who is involved in this choice.Eleven individuals with SCI and NP were interviewed. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, transcripts were analysed through thematic coding, following an inductive content analysis approach.A journey towards finding and choosing N-PTs emerged. Key phases in this journey were: motives, strategy and practical considerations. Pain and its impact on their life led participants to consider N-PTs. Motives were participants’ negative attitudes towards regular medication, willingness to try everything and disappointment and frustration with the guidance from their health care provider (HCP). The search strategies often involved third parties and the internet. This led them to choose a specific N-PT. The journey was influenced by one’s attitude, previous personal experience, experience of HCPs, financial considerations, availability and convenience of the treatment.The journey individuals with SCI and NP go through to find N-PTs to manage pain is difficult and often lonely. Findings highlight the importance of HCPs accompanying people with SCI in finding N-PTs.People with spinal cord injury (SCI) often search for non-pharmacological treatments to treat their neuropathic pain.As people with SCI feel alone in their search, health care providers need to accompany them in seeking non-pharmacological treatments to try and alleviate their neuropathic pain.Influencing factors on this search are one’s attitude, previous personal experience, experience of the health care provider, financial considerations, availability and convenience of the treatment.Awareness on these influencing factors is important to accompany people with SCI in their search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing Notes. Notas de Enfermería is the property of Sanatorio Allende and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurovascular disorder, with women being more susceptible, characterized by unilateral throbbing headache, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, and often associated with various comorbidities such as brain and cardiovascular diseases, which can have a serious impact on quality of life. Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the main first-line medications for the treatment of pain, longterm use often leads to side effects and drug addiction, which emphasizes the need to investigate alternative pain management strategies with fewer adverse effects. Complementary and alternative medicine is a viable pain intervention often used in conjunction with traditional medications, including acupuncture, herbs, moxibustion, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, bio-supplements, and acupressure, which offer non-pharmacological alternatives that are now viable pain management options. This review focuses on the mechanistic doctrine of migraine generation and the role and potential mechanisms of Complementary and Alternative Therapies (CAT) in the treatment of migraine, summarizes the research evidences for CAT as an adjunct or alternative to conventional therapies for migraine, and focuses on the potential of novel migraine therapies (calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) antagonists) with the aim of evaluating CAT therapies as adjunctive or alternative therapies to conventional migraine treatment, thereby providing a broader perspective on migraine management and the design of treatment programs for more effective pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize the available evidence on the clinical efficacy of different relaxation exercises on intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction. Methods: A systemic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science was undertaken from the earliest record to 10 April 2024. Peer-reviewed studies that reported on healthy individuals and glaucoma patients engaging in relaxation exercises for at least three weeks were included. The primary outcome was changes in IOP levels from baseline, before the commencement of relaxation exercises, to post-exercise. Our statistical analysis employed a random-effects model, with effect sizes reported using Hedges' g. Results: Twelve studies were included, totaling 764 eyes (mean participant age ranging from 21.07 to 69.50 years). Relaxation exercises significantly reduced IOP, with Hedges' g being −1.276 (95% CI: −1.674 to −0.879) and I2 = 84.4%. Separate subgroup analyses showed that breathing exercises (Hedges' g = −0.860, p < 0.0001), mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) (Hedges' g = −1.79, p < 0.0001), and ocular exercises (Hedges' g = −0.974, p < 0.0001) were associated with reduced IOP levels. The reduction in IOP following the relaxation exercises was found to be associated with baseline IOP either greater than (Hedges' g = −1.473, p < 0.0001) or less than 21 mmHg (Hedges' g = −1.22, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, this effect persisted with follow-up durations of less than (Hedges' g = −1.161, p < 0.0001) and more than one month (Hedges' g = −1.324, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The current meta-analysis indicates that relaxation exercises can significantly reduce IOP levels. Relaxation exercises are a potential class of novel treatments for glaucoma patients that deserve further evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims There is minimal research on the duration of biofield experiences. This preliminary study used the experiential learning practice of Master Choa Kok Sui

Coronary heart disease, the most prevalent non-communicable disease, poses both physical and psychological challenges, including anxiety and depression. Addressing these issues requires a holistic approach that integrates biological, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. Spiritual care interventions can alleviate psychological distress and enhance patient satisfaction in nursing care. This study explored the impact of combining spiritual care with murottal auditory therapy to reduce anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease. In this quasi-experimental study, 110 participants were divided into intervention and control groups, each with 55 participants selected based on specific criteria. Anxiety and depression levels were assessed using the validated Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). The intervention group received daily murottal therapy sessions lasting 15 to 20 minutes for three days at Siti Khadijah Islamic Hospital in Palembang from March to July 2023. Pre-test and post-test assessments were conducted. The results indicated that a significant proportion of patients in the intervention group experienced mild anxiety (52.7%) and reduced depression (65.5%) after murottal therapy. Significant differences in anxiety and depression levels were observed between the intervention and control groups, with p-values of 0.000 for both. murottal auditory therapy, mainly using Surah Ar-Rahman, effectively reduces anxiety and depression in patients with coronary heart disease, offering a promising complementary treatment approach.

Aims There is minimal research on the duration of biofield experiences. This preliminary study used the experiential learning practice of Master Choa Kok Suis hands sensitisation to determine the duration to experience biofield sensations in between hands and to find the relationship between learning style preferences and biofield sensations. Methods This randomized placebo controlled, single blinded trial included 88 male and female pre-service teachers, aged 22.8±1.2 years. Participants completed a ruler drop test for reaction time, and Six Letter Cancellation test for measuring attention, learning style questionnaire for preferred method of learning, before randomization. The experimental (hands facing each other as introduced by Master Choa Kok Sui) and sham (hands facing opposite) groups practiced hands sensitisation. A semi-structured questionnaire was provided to gather information about biofield sensations and the time it took to experience these sensations between the hands. Results All (N=44) the participants in the experimental group and 13 participants in the sham group reported experiencing biofield sensations. A significant difference was noticed in experiencing magnetic (X2 = 38.247, p ≤ .001), physical sensations of energy (X2 = 12.02, p ≤ .001) and pain (X2 = 62.259, p ≤ .001) among the experimental and sham group . In the experimental group, the average time taken to first experience magnetic sensation, other biofield sensations and temperature variation was 34.84±12.97seconds, 40.28±20.96 seconds and 42.50±19.79 seconds, respectively. Minimum time taken to first experience biofield sensation was 5 seconds and lasted up to study duration of 120 seconds. There was no correlation found between reaction time, sustained attention, and the time needed to experience biofield sensations. Conclusions This study highlights importance of Master Choa Kok Sui hand sensitization in controlled setting revealing differences in experiences of various biofield sensations, showing valuable time-related insights and variability of sensation based on preferred learning.

Aims There is minimal research on the duration of biofield experiences. This preliminary study used the experiential learning practice of Master Choa Kok Sui

A form of complementary therapy, infant massage, has the potential to ameliorate difficult infant temperaments and transform them into easier ones. This study aimed to ascertain the impact of newborn massage therapy on infants' temperament. A total of 102 participants were divided into two groups for this quasi-experimental study using a pretest and posttest. Over the length of five weeks, twice each week, the experimental groups received ten-time massages in total. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was applied to the data. This study discovered that infant massage improved the temperament in the experimental group from difficult to easy, a result that was mirrored in the control group. Infants may develop a more positive temperament through the utilization of infant massage therapy. Healthcare professionals are required to provide a thorough understanding of the physiological and psychological growth of infants, placing special attention on strategies that promote a positive temperament.

Complementary therapies for decreasing dysmenorrhoea and factors behind dysmenorrhoea in adolescents is not clear enough. Researchers need information about trends and novelties for the future research topic of complementary therapies and factors related to dysmenorrhoea in adoles-cents. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the complementary therapies for decreasing dysmenorrhoea and factors related to dysmenorrhoea in adolescents by analysing network visualisation, overlay visualisation and density visualisation on the topic through bibliometric analysis. The data sources used in this study were based on online searches via https://app.dimensions.ai/. The literature search used the stages following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart. Paper restricted in publications years 2014-2023, focus in the field of health sciences, nursing, public health, clinical sciences and publication type were included as criteria for inclusion in the study. The data were analysed using VOSviewer. After identifying the clusters, the types of complementary therapies that were able to reduce dysmenorrhoea were acupressure, acupuncture, calcium sufficiency, curcumin, yoga, aromatherapy, massage and physical activity. Moreover, factors related to dysmenorrhoea were HIV, reproductive coercion, reproductive health, oxytocin, prolactin, trauma, metformin, anxiety and breast cancer. Moreover, the newest topics that were being widely researched related to adolescent dysmenorrhoea were education, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), prolactin and physical activity. On the other hand, topics that were rarely researched related to the topic of adolescent dysmenorrhoea were topics about sexual health, reproductive coercion, inflammation, curcumin and physical activity. Complementary therapies and factors that are still rarely studied offer potential novelty in results in future studies.

Abstract Background Despite the widespread use of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) as a treatment for kidney stones, it is essential to apply methods to control pain and improve patient comfort during this procedure. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of acupressure at the Qiu point on pain intensity and physiological indices in patients undergoing ESWL. Methods This randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial was conducted at the Shahid Beheshti Educational-medical Center in Hamadan City (western Iran) from May to August 2023. Seventy-four eligible patients were split into intervention (n = 37) and sham (n = 37) groups. Ten minutes before lithotripsy, the intervention group received acupressure at the Qiu point, while the sham group received touch at a neutral point. The primary outcomes were pain intensity measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and physiological indices such as blood pressure and heart rate at baseline, 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min after the intervention. The secondary outcomes included lithotripsy success and satisfaction with acupressure application. Results The analysis of 70 patients showed no significant differences in the demographic and clinical information of the patients across the two groups before the study (P > 0.05). Generalized estimating equations revealed that the interaction effects of time and group in pain and heart rate were significant at 30 and 40 min (P 0.05). Conclusions Acupressure at the Qiu point positively impacts pain in patients undergoing ESWL treatment and increases their satisfaction. However, these results for physiological indices require further studies. Thus, acupressure can be considered a simple, easy, and effective option for pain management in patients during this procedure. Trial registration [ https://en.irct.ir/trial/69117 ], identifier [IRCT20190524043687N4].

Abstract Objective This study aims to assess the effectiveness of traditional Chinese exercise therapy in alleviating pain, improving sleep quality, and reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression among fibromyalgia patients. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search across various databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge, VIP database, and Wanfang, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the impact of Traditional Chinese Exercise (TCE) interventions on fibromyalgia. Two independent authors extracted data from the selected studies based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3. Results The analysis encompassed 15 RCTs, comprising 936 participants. The meta-analysis revealed that TCE significantly surpassed the control group in reducing pain scores for fibromyalgia patients, as evidenced by improvements in FIQ [MD = -3.30, 95% CI (− 5.37, − 0.69), z = 2.53, p = 0.01] and VAS [MD = -1.87, 95% CI (− 2.12, − 1.61), z = 6.98, p

Introduction: Virtual reality (VR) technology, initially used for recreational purposes, has recently gained significant attention due to technical advancements for its application as a non-pharmacological complementary method in alleviating acute and chronic pain. This study explores the potential of VR to reduce moderate to severe chronic pain in patients admitted to palliative care centers and at home. Methodology: The literature review included studies that utilized VR immersion in a controlled environment to evaluate the efficacy of this technology in alleviating chronic pain. Data collection methods consisted of subjective patient evaluations, monitoring of vital parameters, and the use of the visual analog scale to measure pain intensity before and after VR immersion. Additionally, the review quantified the effect of VR therapy at a distance from the moment of virtual immersion. Results: The analyzed studies indicate a significant reduction in chronic pain through the use of VR. In a randomized study with 120 patients, those exposed to VR reported a reduction in pain at 48 and 72 hours after the sessions, compared to a control group. Another study on 36 children showed a significant decrease in pain during blood draw procedures through VR distraction. The beneficial effects are also supported by neurophysiological mechanisms such as the "gate control" theory and cerebral neuroplasticity. Conclusions: VR technology is emerging as a promising method in managing chronic pain, offering a safe and effective alternative to pharmacological therapies. Studies suggest that controlled and synchronized sensory immersion can positively impact patients' quality of life, reducing pain and associated symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Future research should explore the optimal duration of VR sessions and compare the efficacy of this method with other non-pharmacological interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims There is minimal research on the duration of biofield experiences. This preliminary study used the experiential learning practice of Master Choa Kok Sui’s hands sensitisation to determine the duration to experience biofield sensations in between hands and to find the relationship between learning style preferences and biofield sensations. Methods This randomized placebo controlled, single blinded trial included 88 male and female pre-service teachers, aged 22.8±1.2 years. Participants completed a ruler drop test for reaction time, and Six Letter Cancellation test for measuring attention, learning style questionnaire for preferred method of learning, before randomization. The experimental (hands facing each other as introduced by Master Choa Kok Sui) and sham (hands facing opposite) groups practiced hands sensitisation. A semi-structured questionnaire was provided to gather information about biofield sensations and the time it took to experience these sensations between the hands. Results All (N=44) the participants in the experimental group and 13 participants in the sham group reported experiencing biofield sensations. A significant difference was noticed in experiencing magnetic (X 2 = 38.247, p ≤ .001), physical sensations of energy (X 2 = 12.02, p ≤ .001) and pain (X 2 = 62.259, p ≤ .001) among the experimental and sham group . In the experimental group, the average time taken to first experience magnetic sensation, other biofield sensations and temperature variation was 34.84±12.97seconds, 40.28±20.96 seconds and 42.50±19.79 seconds, respectively. Minimum time taken to first experience biofield sensation was 5 seconds and lasted up to study duration of 120 seconds. There was no correlation found between reaction time, sustained attention, and the time needed to experience biofield sensations. Conclusions This study highlights importance of Master Choa Kok Sui hand sensitization in controlled setting revealing differences in experiences of various biofield sensations, showing valuable time-related insights and variability of sensation based on preferred learning.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication is pivotal for alleviating gastric mucosal inflammation and preventing the progression of gastric diseases. While antibiotic-based therapies have achieved significant success in H. pylori eradication, challenges such as antibiotic resistance, drug toxicity, side effects, nonadherence, inapplicability, and disruption of gastrointestinal microflora have emerged. Updated therapies are urgently needed to suppress H. pylori. Nature has provided multitudinous therapeutic agents since ancient times. Natural products can be a potential therapy endowed with H. pylori eradication efficacy. We summarize the basic information, possible mechanisms, and the latest research progress of some representative natural products in H. pylori eradication, highlighting their safety, accessibility, efficiency, and ability to overcome limitations associated with antibiotic application. This review highlights the potential therapeutic advantages of incorporating ethnomedicine into anti-H. pylori regimens. The findings of this review may provide insights into the development of novel natural products and expand the therapeutic options available for H. pylori eradication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports on 54 homeless and 53 stably housed veterans who received battlefield acupuncture (BFA) between September 2018 and October 2022. Linear mixed-effects regressions were used to examine change in overall pain score and how pain impacted four areas: (1) activity, (2) sleep, (3) mood, and (4) stress over the course of 8 weeks from the baseline visit at one BFA clinic. Results indicated significant reductions in the impact of pain on activity, sleep, and stress among both homeless and housed veterans. Although overall pain levels were not significantly impacted, further research on the impact of BFA on homeless populations is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress is any kind of change that causes physical, emotional or psychological strain. Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies used as an alternative treatment to relax the body and influence emotional regulation, reduce stress and anxiety that can affect a person's sleep quality. This research was conducted to show that the use of aromatherapy is able to control anxiety and stress in a person at a productive age. Data of this research was obtained through an online questionnaire (Google Form) using the accidental sampling method. The questionnaire was tested for face and content validities on 15 respondents who met the inclusion criteria before being used to collect data. Construct validity and reliability using data from 110 respondents stated that all question items were valid and reliable. The population of this study was Surabaya residents and aged 15-64 years (productive age). The inclusion criteria for this research sample were being of productive age (aged 15-64 years), willing to fill out a questionnaire, and domiciled in Surabaya.The total number of respondents was 110. The scoring method used four answer options, with 4 differentscores. Aromatherapy was declared effective for reducing stress if the total score was 26-40 and ineffective if the total score was 10-25. The results of this study stated that aromatherapy was an alternative and complementary treatment to reduce mild stress, as evidenced by the 85 respondents who used aromatherapy, 78 respondents (91.78%) stated that aromatherapy played an effective role, while 7 other respondents (8.24%) stated that aromatherapy was not effective for reducing stress. Meanwhile, the level of knowledge related to the ability of aromatherapy to reduce stress in 25 respondents who had never used aromatherapy, 9 respondents (36%) had a good level of knowledge, 5 respondents (20%) had a sufficient level of knowledge, and 11 respondents (44%) had a poor level of knowledge. Therefore, there is a need for health promotion to the community regarding aromatherapy as an alternative treatment and complementary therapy in reducing stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aims There is minimal research on the duration of biofield experiences. This preliminary study used the experiential learning practice of Master Choa Kok Suis hands sensitisation to determine the duration to experience biofield sensations in between hands and to find the relationship between learning style preferences and biofield sensations. Methods This randomized placebo controlled, single blinded trial included 88 male and female pre-service teachers, aged 22.8±1.2 years. Participants completed a ruler drop test for reaction time, and Six Letter Cancellation test for measuring attention, learning style questionnaire for preferred method of learning, before randomization. The experimental (hands facing each other as introduced by Master Choa Kok Sui) and sham (hands facing opposite) groups practiced hands sensitisation. A semi-structured questionnaire was provided to gather information about biofield sensations and the time it took to experience these sensations between the hands. Results All (N=44) the participants in the experimental group and 13 participants in the sham group reported experiencing biofield sensations. A significant difference was noticed in experiencing magnetic (X2 = 38.247, p ≤ .001), physical sensations of energy (X2 = 12.02, p ≤ .001) and pain (X2 = 62.259, p ≤ .001) among the experimental and sham group . In the experimental group, the average time taken to first experience magnetic sensation, other biofield sensations and temperature variation was 34.84±12.97seconds, 40.28±20.96 seconds and 42.50±19.79 seconds, respectively. Minimum time taken to first experience biofield sensation was 5 seconds and lasted up to study duration of 120 seconds. There was no correlation found between reaction time, sustained attention, and the time needed to experience biofield sensations. Conclusions This study highlights importance of Master Choa Kok Sui hand sensitization in controlled setting revealing differences in experiences of various biofield sensations, showing valuable time-related insights and variability of sensation based on preferred learning.

Background: The World Health Organization and the Ministry of Health care about traditional and complementary medicine practices. Evaluating the attitudes of physiotherapy-rehabilitation students and nursing students toward conventional and complementary practices holds significant importance in healthcare education and practice. However, it is worth noting that a limited body of research focuses explicitly on these student groups. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 446 students in the departments of physiotherapy-rehabilitation and nursing in a university's faculty of health sciences. The data were collected using the Complementary, Alternative, and Conventional Medicine Attitude Scale (CACMAS) and the Complementary and Alternative Medicine Approaches Scale (CAMAS). The analyses used percentages, averages, standard deviation, Student's t, Mann-Whitney U, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis analysis, the Scheffe post hoc test, and Pearson correlation. Results: 95.5 % of the students did not use complementary therapy previously; the education process of 89.7 % did not cover complementary treatment; 73.3 % stated that complementary therapy education should be given at schools; 74.2 % wanted to use complementary therapy. However, 94.2 % reported that the Ministry of Health did not know about complementary therapy regulations. The average total score was 25.44 ± 8.953 for the Complementary and Alternative Medicine Approaches Scale and 111.29 ± 16.092 for the Complementary, Alternative, and Conventional Medicine Attitude Scale. Conclusion: The students believed conventional and complementary therapy methods should be used for patients, and they expressed a keen interest in their professional practice after graduation.

Resumen: En el tratamiento de la ansiedad las medidas no farmacológicas han de estar presentes, tanto en monoterapia en el caso de la ansiedad leve o moderada, como en combinación con los tratamientos farmacológicos. Algunas de ellas cuentan con estudios suficientes como para avalar un alto grado de recomendación y otras, aun no estando respaldadas por estudios de alto nivel de evidencia, sí que son recomendables por la ausencia de efectos adversos en su uso. Entre estas medidas se encuentran la entrevista motivacional, psicoterapias, psicoeducativas, técnicas de relajación, mindfulness, yoga, aromaterapia, terapia a través de imágenes y uso de nuevas tecnologías, entre otras. El uso de ellas podrá ser aislado o constar de una combinación de varias técnicas y siempre adaptándolo a las características intrínsecas de la persona que padece la ansiedad y a su entorno. Abstract: In the treatment of anxiety, non-pharmacological measures must be present, both in monotherapy in the case of mild or moderate anxiety and in combination with pharmacological treatments. Some of them have sufficient studies to support a high degree of recommendation and others, although not supported by studies of high level of evidence, are recommended due to the absence of adverse effects in their use. Among these measures are motivational interviewing, psychotherapies, psychoeducational, relaxation techniques, mindfulness, yoga, aromatherapy, therapy through images and use of new technologies, among others. The use of them may be isolated or consist of a combination of several techniques and always adapting it to the intrinsic characteristics of the person suffering from anxiety and their environment.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the awareness of complementary and alternative medicine practices and the frequency of their utilization among patients attending an orthopedic outpatient clinic. Materials and Methods: Patients who presented to the orthopedics outpatient clinic of the University Hospital between November 15 and December 30, 2022, were invited to participate in this study. A questionnaire containing 16 questions about eight different traditional and complementary approaches, designed to determine patients' knowledge of and attitudes toward each of these practices, was administered by the responsible physician through face-to-face interviews. The questionnaires were administered to 637 volunteers. The results were recorded, and statistical analysis was applied. Results: The volunteers were % 54.7 male and 45.3.2% female participants. The mean age of the participants was 41.52±16.349. It was determined that gender (p=0.3) and education level (p=0.207) did not affect awareness of traditional treatment. However, it was determined that the settlement area affected the awareness of traditional treatment (p

Background: Neural mobilisation technique is effective in spinal nerve rehabilitation. However, no study has reported the effect of facial nerve mobilisation in acute Bell’s palsy. Objectives: The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of facial neural mobilisation over conventional therapy in improving facial symmetry in patients with acute Bell’s palsy. Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted in the physical therapy department for 62 patients with acute Bell’s palsy. The intervention included 10 days of drug therapy including 3 weeks of conventional therapy to the experimental and the control group. However, the experimental group received additional nerve mobilisation technique aimed at mobilising the facial nerve at the origin of external auditory meatus. All participants were assessed at baseline and after three weeks using the Sunnybrook facial grading system (SBS) and Kinovea Movement Analysis Software (KMAS). Results: For primary outcome, analysis of covariance with baseline data as covariate showed a significant difference between groups for the post-test mean scores of SBS after 3 weeks (between-group difference, 9.2 [95% CI, 5.1–13.3], [Formula: see text]. Importantly, the effect size calculated by partial [Formula: see text] for neural mobilisation was 0.258 (small effect size). For secondary outcomes, independent sample t-test showed a significant difference between groups for the scores on KMAS after 3 weeks for zygomatic muscle (between-group difference, [Formula: see text] [95% CI, [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]], [Formula: see text]), frontalis muscle [Formula: see text] [95% CI, [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]], [Formula: see text], and orbicularis oris muscle [Formula: see text] [95% CI, [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]], [Formula: see text]. Conclusion: Facial neural mobilisation is likely to be an effective adjunctive intervention in addition to conventional therapy in improving facial symmetry in acute Bell’s palsy.

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently associated with dyslipidemia, which corresponds to the increase in the triglycerides and fatty acid concentrations in tissues, such as the skeletal muscle. Also, T2DM molecular mechanism involves increasing in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress. The use of herbal medicines such as Uncaria tomentosa (Ut) has been proposed as an auxiliary treatment for patients with T2DM. In this study, it was evaluated the effect of Ut aqueous extract on cell viability and ROS production, in skeletal myoblasts from C2C12 lineage exposed to the free fatty acid palmitate (PA). Methods Cells were incubated with PA in different concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 μM, for 24 or 48 h, for cytotoxicity assay. Cell death, DNA fragmentation and ROS production assays were performed in cell cultures incubated with PA for 24 h, in the pre (preventive condition) or post treatment (therapeutic condition) with 250 μg/ml Ut aqueous extract, for 2 or 6 h. Cell death was evaluated by MTT method or flow cytometry. ROS generation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy using the DCFDA probe. Results Cell viability was reduced to approximately 44% after the incubation with PA for 24 h from the concentration of 500 µM. In the incubation of cells with 500 μM PA and Ut extract for 6 h, in both conditions (preventive or therapeutic), it was observed an increase of 27 and 70% in cell viability respectively, in comparison to the cultures incubated with only PA. Also, the incubation of cultures with 500 μM PA, for 24 h, increased 20-fold the ROS formation, while the treatment with Ut extract, for 6 h, both in the preventive or therapeutic conditions, promoted decrease of 21 and 55%, respectively. Conclusion The Ut extract was efficient in promoting cell protection against PA lipotoxicity and ROS generation, potentially preventing oxidative stress in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Since T2DM molecular mechanism involves oxidative stress condition and it is often associated with dyslipidemia and fatty acid accumulation in muscle tissue, these results open perspectives for the use of Ut as an auxiliary strategy for T2DM management.

Background: Osteoarthritis can be defined as a disorder of movable joints characterized by deterioration of articular cartilage; osteophyte formation and bone remodeling; changes in periarticular tissues; and a low-grade, nonpurulent inflammation of variable degree. Acupressure is a traditional non-pharmacological intervention that promotes blood circulation and muscle activity. Purpose: This review aimed to investigate the efficacy of acupressure as a complementary therapy method for the pain of osteoarthritis. Methods: Four electronic databases were searched from PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library use PICO strategy. In studies comparing acupressure with sham acupuncture, no intervention, or conventional intervention was eligible for inclusion. Article study is published on 2012-2022, using English and design RCT and Quasi-experiment. Prisma analysis was used in selection process. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools for Quasi-Experimental Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials. Results: There were 12 reports selected for review with the homogeny of knee Osteoarthritis. Outcomes were either objectively- or subjectively assessed improvements in specific pain parameters and safety for clinical use. Results showed more clinical trials with proper methodology are needed to confirm the effectiveness of acupressure for the pain of Osteoarthritis. The results of the review showed a positive effect in reducing pain level with acupressure intervention as either the main or complementary therapy. Conclusion: This systematic review shows that acupressure as a single or complementary intervention provides significant benefits in the management of Osteoarthritis. Further trials with a more rigorous design are needed to further validate and address the limitations of the current evidence.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of prolotherapy with dextrose concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 20% in patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: This study was planned as a prospective, randomized controlled interventional trial. Prolotherapy at 5% dextrose concentration in group 1, 10% in group 2, and 20% in group 3 was applied to the knee intra-articularly and periarticularly at 0, 3, and 6 weeks, and a home exercise program was given. Group 4 received a home exercise program. All groups received hotpack therapy at weeks 0, 3, and 6. Outcome measures included the visual analog scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), knee range of motion, timed up and go test, and Short Form-36. Results: A total of 128 patients were divided into 4 groups. At the 6th and 12th weeks, VAS scores were significantly lower in groups 2 and 3 than in group 4 (p < 0.05). At the 12th week, the WOMAC pain score was significantly lower in group 3 than in group 4, and WOMAC physical function and WOMAC total scores were significantly lower in groups 1, 2, and 3 than in group 4 (p < 0.05). Week 6 active and passive knee flexion and week 12 passive knee flexion were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 4 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although no significant difference was observed among the dextrose prolotherapy groups, higher dextrose concentrations demonstrated a greater improvement compared to the control group. Therefore, the use of 20% dextrose is recommended due to its significant superiority. Long-term follow-up and placebo-controlled studies are needed. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT05537077, registration date: 09.03.2022, retrospectively registered. Key Points • The utilization of dextrose prolotherapy has gained popularity in the management of osteoarthritis, aiming to harness its regenerative and proliferative properties. However, the comparative efficacy of various concentrations of dextrose prolotherapy in treating knee osteoarthritis remains unexplored in the literature. This study aimed to address this gap by comparing different concentrations of dextrose prolotherapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. The findings revealed no statistically significant difference among the various concentrations of dextrose prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of foot reflexology in reducing labor pain intensity. Material-Method: The study was done in the second half of 2019. PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, Science Citation Index, Science Direct, ULAKBIM (Turkish National Databases) databases were searched using terms and keywords including 'labor pain' 'vaginal delivery' 'normal delivery' 'pregnancy and delivery' 'reflexology' 'foot massage' 'pain and reflexology' in three languages. 3292 articles (English, Turkish and Persian languages) reached by using keywords and scanning electronic databases (between 2009 and 2019). Nine descriptive cross-sectional studies were evaluated that involving provide only quantitative results and descriptive designs quantitative elements of mixed (qualitative and quantitative) method studies. Results: Out of the 3292 articles found in the databases, only 9 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Studies have shown that foot reflexology during labor reduces the severity of labor pain. Conclusion: Performing foot reflexology can be an effective and low-cost method of pain relief, reducing both pain and the duration of labor. It is recommended that further studies with sufficient statistical power be conducted in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The application of alternative and complementary therapies with mainstream medicine has reached the milestone in past few years. Aromatherapy is one of the holistic healing therapy which use plant extract and natural essential oils (obtained from plants) as major remedies to treat various disorders. The essential or volatile oils are extracted from the flowers, barks, stem, leaves, roots, fruits and other parts of the plant by using different methods. It began to exist after the researchers construed the antiseptic and skin permeability properties of essential oils. Inhalation, local application and baths are those methods used in aromatherapy that let these oils to penetrate inside the skin surface with efficacy. Once the oil enters inside a system, they demodulate themselves and work in an efficient manner at the site or affected area. These therapy utilizes various permutation and combinations to obtain relief from numerous ailments like depression, indigestion, headache, insomnia, muscular pain, respiratory problems, skin ailments, swollen joints, urine associated complications etc. The essential oils are conferring benefits. This review pours the information available in the literature regarding therapeutic, medical, cosmetic, psychological, olfactory, massage aromatherapy, safety issues and different plants used in aromatherapy. All the available information was assembled from electronic databases such as Academic Journals, Ethnobotany, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and library search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is frequently associated with dyslipidemia, which corresponds to the increase in the triglycerides and fatty acid concentrations in tissues, such as the skeletal muscle. Also, T2DM molecular mechanism involves increasing in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress. The use of herbal medicines such as Uncaria tomentosa (Ut) has been proposed as an auxiliary treatment for patients with T2DM. In this study, it was evaluated the effect of Ut aqueous extract on cell viability and ROS production, in skeletal myoblasts from C2C12 lineage exposed to the free fatty acid palmitate (PA). Methods: Cells were incubated with PA in different concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 μM, for 24 or 48 h, for cytotoxicity assay. Cell death, DNA fragmentation and ROS production assays were performed in cell cultures incubated with PA for 24 h, in the pre (preventive condition) or post treatment (therapeutic condition) with 250 μg/ml Ut aqueous extract, for 2 or 6 h. Cell death was evaluated by MTT method or flow cytometry. ROS generation was measured by fluorescence spectroscopy using the DCFDA probe. Results: Cell viability was reduced to approximately 44% after the incubation with PA for 24 h from the concentration of 500 µM. In the incubation of cells with 500 μM PA and Ut extract for 6 h, in both conditions (preventive or therapeutic), it was observed an increase of 27 and 70% in cell viability respectively, in comparison to the cultures incubated with only PA. Also, the incubation of cultures with 500 μM PA, for 24 h, increased 20-fold the ROS formation, while the treatment with Ut extract, for 6 h, both in the preventive or therapeutic conditions, promoted decrease of 21 and 55%, respectively. Conclusion: The Ut extract was efficient in promoting cell protection against PA lipotoxicity and ROS generation, potentially preventing oxidative stress in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Since T2DM molecular mechanism involves oxidative stress condition and it is often associated with dyslipidemia and fatty acid accumulation in muscle tissue, these results open perspectives for the use of Ut as an auxiliary strategy for T2DM management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity worldwide. Surgery and chemotherapy are the first-line therapy for CRC patients; however, the efficacy and side effects are two major concerns. Nigella sativa (NS) has been found to exhibit anti-cancer effects in numerous in vitro studies. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of NS on CRC patients. Methods: In this randomized trial, a total of 39 patients with Stage IIb and III CRC who underwent colon surgery were randomly assigned to receive routine chemotherapy drugs in combination with 900 mg/day of NS (Group 1, n=18) or only chemotherapy drugs (Group 2, n=21). CRC blood biomarkers including CEA and CA19-9 were measured in both groups before, in the middle, and at the end of treatment in addition to obtaining demographic characteristics. Results: We observed that NS combined with chemotherapy reduced the CA19-9 serum level in the intervention group when compared with the baseline level before treatment. However, there was no significant difference between CA19-9 serum levels in the intervention group compared with the control group at all time points. Moreover, CEA did not show any reduction in the intervention group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Except for the NS effect on CA19-9 level in intervention group after therapy compared to baseline, NS is not effective on CRC biomarkers with this concentration and follow-up period. Therefore, longer treatment durations and monitoring with higher doses are probably required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence, and determinants, of nonpharmacological pain management practices among nurses in multiple settings. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional examination was conducted involving 324 nurses from 16 hospitals in Hai'l, Saudi Arabia. Participants completed a self-reported survey utilizing established tools to assess the frequency of nonpharmacological pain management interventions utilization and identify associated barriers. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 29.0. Results: Nonpharmacological pain management practices were found to be utilized "sometimes," with a score of 2.89 ± 0.48. Commonly employed techniques included placing patients in comfortable positions and providing a tranquil environment. Gender was the sole demographic factor significantly affecting the use of these techniques (P < 0.001), with female nurses demonstrating higher utilization. Barriers to implementation varied based on the hours of recent pain management education (P = 0.004), with prevalent barriers including nurse shortages, multiple responsibilities, heavy workloads, and nurse fatigue. Conclusion: The study reveals moderate utilization of nonpharmacological pain management approaches, primarily focusing on patient positioning and creating a calm environment. Female nurses exhibited higher adoption rates of these techniques. Barriers to implementation, such as nurse shortages and heavy workloads, were influenced by recent pain management education. Consequently, enhancing education and fostering supportive work environments are crucial for surmounting these barriers and promoting pain management awareness among nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]