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Although it has been more than two decades since the completion of the first study establishing the tourism-led growth hypothesis (TLGH), this area of research still appears within the scientific literature in its analysis of tourism from an economic standpoint. In this regard, numerous studies have analysed the relationship between tourism and economic growth, usually measured using the arrival of tourists, tourism income and/or expenses for the first dimension and with GDP for the second. A first comprehensive review of these articles for the period 2002–2013, based on 95 peer-reviewed articles, was carried out, in which the main results obtained up to that time were evaluated. After this initial review, the interest found in the academic literature in its analysis of TLGH, far from diminishing, has continued with the publication of numerous articles on this field. Accordingly, 82 peer-reviewed empirical articles published during the 2014–2022 period are included in this analysis on a more current situation, along with the trends in the analysis of TLGH, determining whether the main conclusions based on the results, methodologies, measured variables or the destinations under study have remained the same compared to the previous decade or if there are any significant changes found within the scientific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer, a multifaceted disease, demands tailored therapeutic approaches due to its diverse subtypes and stages. This comprehensive review explores the intricate landscape of lung cancer research, delving into recent breakthroughs and their implications for diagnosis, therapy, and prevention. Genomic profiling and biomarker identification have ushered in the era of personalised medicine, enabling targeted therapies that minimise harm to healthy tissues while effectively combating cancer cells. The relationship between pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer is examined, shedding light on potential mechanisms linking these two conditions. Early detection methods, notably low-dose computed tomography scans, have significantly improved patient outcomes, emphasising the importance of timely interventions. There has been a growing interest in segmentectomy as a surgical intervention for early-stage lung cancer in recent years. Immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach, harnessing the body's immune system to recognise and eliminate cancer cells. Combining immunotherapy with traditional treatments, such as chemotherapy and targeted therapies, has shown enhanced efficacy, addressing the disease's heterogeneity and overcoming drug resistance. Precision medicine, guided by genomic profiling, has enabled the development of targeted therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors, offering personalised treatments tailored to individual patients. Challenges such as drug resistance and limited accessibility to advanced therapies persist, emphasising the need for collaborative efforts and innovative technologies like artificial intelligence. Despite challenges, ongoing interdisciplinary collaborations and technological advancements offer hope for a future where lung cancer is treatable and preventable, reducing the burden on patients and healthcare systems worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Dengue, an acute febrile disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), presenting a formidable challenge to global public health. By examining clues from ancient Chinese books and conducting a comprehensive review, this study elucidates the characteristics of potential dengue epidemics in China prior to 1978. This evidence indicates that China may not have experience dengue epidemics before 1840. During 1840–1949, however, it experienced a noticeable dengue occurrence and prevalence in the 1870s, 1920s, and 1940s. Then from 1949 to 1978, only sporadic reports were accounted. The disparity in the frequency of dengue occurrences across three time periods suggests that the persistent characteristic of dengue epidemics in China primarily arises from imported cases resulting from international exchanges, subsequently leading to local outbreaks influenced by global epidemic trend. This research offers a novel perspective on retrospectively examining the historical trajectory of dengue epidemics and provides valuable insights into exploration of DENV epidemic patterns. Graphical Abstract

Summary: Soft tissue defects of the distal third of the leg are challenging and management with simple split thickness skin graft or conservative measures is often difficult. The peroneus brevis muscle flap is well described in the literature to cover such defects. The aim of our study was to review the different applications and potential complications of the peroneus brevis muscle flap.A comprehensive review of all existing evidence on the use of peroneus brevis muscle flaps for coverage of defects in the distal third of the leg in adult populations was performed.Two hundred forty-eight records were identified in the literature search, among which 15 met the PICOS (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome and Study design) criteria. All selected studies were retrospective. Overall, 222 patients who received peroneus brevis muscle flaps were analyzed. Indications for reconstruction were post-traumatic defects, infected wounds, and chronic wounds. The overall complication rate was 21% (46/222) with the most commonly reported complication being skin graft loss. We observed 2 cases of partial flap loss, 17 cases of skin graft loss, 2 cases of post-operative hematoma, 2 cases of recurrent infection, 12 cases of partial flap necrosis, 3 cases of skin graft necrosis, and 8 cases of delayed wound healing. Overall, 16 patients (7%) required revision surgery. No cases of donor site morbidity were described.The current review shows that the peroneus brevis muscle flap is a versatile and reliable option for the coverage of small to medium sized defects of the distal leg, ankle, and foot with low complication rates and donor site morbidity.

Dengue, an acute febrile disease transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), presenting a formidable challenge to global public health. By examining clues from ancient Chinese books and conducting a comprehensive review, this study elucidates the characteristics of potential dengue epidemics in China prior to 1978. This evidence indicates that China may not have experience dengue epidemics before 1840. During 1840–1949, however, it experienced a noticeable dengue occurrence and prevalence in the 1870s, 1920s, and 1940s. Then from 1949 to 1978, only sporadic reports were accounted. The disparity in the frequency of dengue occurrences across three time periods suggests that the persistent characteristic of dengue epidemics in China primarily arises from imported cases resulting from international exchanges, subsequently leading to local outbreaks influenced by global epidemic trend. This research offers a novel perspective on retrospectively examining the historical trajectory of dengue epidemics and provides valuable insights into exploration of DENV epidemic patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study seeks to provide a comprehensive and integrative review of the literature on digital entrepreneurship. Based on a systematic approach, this review portrays literature trends, integrates prevailing literature approaches, and suggests an agenda for future research on digital entrepreneurship. The strict research protocol employed led to the identification of 186 articles on digital entrepreneurship. The descriptive analysis depicts the main trends of the literature on digital entrepreneurship. The critical review, based on a subsample of 59 highly influential articles that allows for deriving meaningful insights, groups the articles based on their methodologies (theoretical studies, empirical qualitative studies, empirical quantitative studies, and empirical mixed methods studies) and systematizes the prevailing approaches of the literature on digital entrepreneurship. For each group of articles, a conceptual framework that provides a fine-grained understanding of each of the prevailing approaches that constitute high-influential research on digital entrepreneurship is devised. The insights stemming from the comprehensive in-depth analysis were integrated and an integrative framework that bridges the prevailing approaches identified, thus aiding in structuring the knowledge on digital entrepreneurship, is devised. Finally, based on the comprehensive and integrative review undertaken, promising paths to further knowledge on digital entrepreneurship, and implications for theory, policy, and managerial practice are stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to think creatively has a vital role in the development of preschool children. This research provides a comprehensive review of innovative approaches and strategies for developing creative thinking in preschool children based on current trends and methodologies used in educational settings. This research shows three significant areas: (a) creative thinking skills in preschool children, (b) factors influencing creative thinking skills in depth, and (c) innovative strategies and approaches to stimulate creative thinking abilities in preschool children. This research uses a literature study method assisted by the publish perish application to find reference sources related to creative thinking abilities in preschool children. Studies show that creative thinking abilities in preschool children enable them to find innovative solutions, help them adapt to challenges, foster self-confidence and courage, and enrich their experience and knowledge of the world around them. Meanwhile, preschool children's creative thinking abilities are influenced by collaboration from the external environment (parents, teachers, and society); providing support and examples for children to develop and stimulate their creative thinking skills is very important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is deeply changing our lives and provides impetus for improving production and living efficiency as an important emerging tool. Digitalization and intelligent development have also become the development direction of the sports industry, bringing new requirements to the transformation of physical education (PE) and the improvement of the quality of PE teachers. PE is an important part of the public health system, and AI can deeply participate in the formulation of teaching strategies, the tracking of teaching processes and the evaluation of teaching results, effectively improving the quality of teaching. Research on the application of AI technology in PE has been carried out. This paper comprehensively reviews the existing research and conducts a comprehensive analysis of the research progress and status. The potential application areas of AI in PE are discussed to better promote the intelligent and digital upgrading of PE. We found that the research on the application of AI in PE is still in its early stages, and the research content needs to be strengthened in terms of breadth and depth. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the challenges faced by PE teacher development and training in the context of educational transformation in the era of AI, and explores the necessary skills and knowledge related to AI technology that future PE teachers should master in order to effectively achieve the improvement of teaching level and the sustainable development of public health system. The review of this paper provides valuable guidance for educators and policymakers to formulate high-quality teacher development and training mechanisms, and provides a new reference for the application and development of AI in sports.

Despite receiving increased attention from researchers in mathematics education, there is still no comprehensive understanding of the current level of data literacy in the teaching and learning of mathematics. To address this gap, this study pre­sents a review of 247 papers selected from the Sco­pus database between 2009 and 2024. The research aims to explore the following: (i) The overall vol­ume, geographic distribution, and development tra­jectory in the literature on data literacy in mathe­matics. (ii) The researchers and research collabora­tions that have had the greatest influence on the literature on data literacy in mathematics. (iii) The sources that have had the greatest influence on the literature on data literacy in mathematics. (iv) The most important topics in the literature on data literacy in mathematics. It was discovered that the number of publications involving data literacy in mathematics increased from 2016 to 2023. Authors from the Netherlands are the most active in the literature on data literacy in mathematics. The Teacher College Record had the highest number of citations. Lastly, the most important topics addressed in the literature on data literacy in mathematics were data use, data literacy, and data-based decision-making. This study has implications not only for mathematics education researchers but also for other stakeholders in the education sector, including school principals, policymakers, and mathematics teachers.

The 2020 world population data sheet indicates that world population is projected to increase from 7.8 billion in 2020 to 9.9 billion by 2050 (Increase of more than 25%). Due to the expected growth in human population, the demand for meats that could improve health status and provide therapeutic benefits is also projected to rise. The dromedary also known as the Arabian camel, or one-humped camel ( Camelus dromedarius), a pseudo ruminant adapted to arid climates, has physiological, biological and metabolic characteristics which give it a legendary reputation for surviving in the extreme conditions of desert environments considered restrictive for other ruminants. Camel meat is an ethnic food consumed across the arid regions of Middle East, North-East Africa, Australia and China. For these medicinal and nutritional benefits, camel meat can be a great option for sustainable meat worldwide supply. A considerable amount of literature has been published on technological aspects and quality properties of beef, lamb and pork but the information available on the technological aspects of the meat of the one humped camel is very limited. Camels are usually raised in less developed countries and their meat is as nutritionally good as any other traditional meat source. Its quality also depends on the breed, sex, age, breeding conditions and type of muscle consumed. A compilation of existing literature related to new technological advances in packaging, shelf-life and quality of camel meat has not been reviewed to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, this review attempts to explore the nutritional composition, health benefits of camel meat, as well as various technological and processing interventions to improve its quality and consumer acceptance. This review will be helpful for camel sector and highlight the potential for global marketability of camel meat and to generate value added products.

The next generation of wireless networks, 6G is being designed with data-intensive applications. One of the key technologies that will enable 6G is blockchain technology. The emergence of blockchain technology and 6G networks has revolutionized service migration. Service migration in 6G networks is a complex process that requires the integration of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), edge computing, and network slicing. Motivated by these facts, this comprehensive review includes an overview of blockchain and service migration integration in 6G. First, state of art, development frame work and related works were introduced. Then, we used content analysis by WordStat software and bibliographic analysis by VOSviewer to analysis the current status of service migration and blockchain integration in 6G networks. Next, patterns and characteristics, benefits and challenges and potential cases were reviewed. Then, we proposed an architectural blockchain-based model including decentralized architecture, edge computing, network slicing, softwaredefined networking, and 5G-6G interworking in 6G. Finally, we described potential application service migration-based in 6G networks including digital twin (DT), holograms, robot avatar, high density internet of things (IoT), AR and VR in 6G and collected open research and future directions of service migration and blockchain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondhand purchasing, once associated primarily with financially marginalized individuals driven by economic necessity, has now emerged as a popular choice even among affluent consumers with sustainability concerns. This significant shift in consumer behavior underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive review that consolidates the fragmented literature on secondhand consumption, integrating its theoretical foundations and intellectual structure. In response to this imperative, our research, utilizing a theory‐context‐characteristics‐methodology framework, fills this critical gap and sets a pioneering precedent as the first systematic literature review on this topic. Through a content analysis of 105 publications from 59 journals spanning over three decades, our findings unveil more than 70 influential factors shaping secondhand purchases and consumptions. Moreover, our research illuminates noteworthy trends in theories, contextual considerations, consumer traits, and methodological approaches, offering a holistic view of the past, present, and future thematic developments in secondhand consumption research. Scholars will find these insights invaluable for positioning their future studies. Furthermore, we outline compelling directions for future research, proposing a deeper exploration of consumer values, social influences, advertising appeals, religiosity, and green consumerism to unlock novel avenues for understanding and strengthening consumer motivations for secondhand products. By shedding light on this vibrant and evolving field, our research not only fills a critical void but also paves the way for meaningful contributions to the expanding realm of secondhand consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) encompasses a spectrum of neuromuscular diseases characterized by myotonia, muscle weakness, and wasting. Recent research has led to the recognition of DM as a neurological disorder. Cognitive impairment is a central nervous system condition that has been observed in various forms of DM. Neuroimaging studies have increasingly linked DM to alterations in white matter (WM) integrity and highlighted the relationship between cognitive impairment and abnormalities in WM structure. This review aims to summarize investigations into cognitive impairment and brain abnormalities in individuals with DM and to elucidate the correlation between these factors and the potential underlying mechanisms contributing to these abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although seasonality is an old tourism phenomenon, the advent of global hypermobilities and the changing features of the tourism industry requires a considerable revisit to the longstanding assumption of tourism. This study provokes further research on various seasonality aspects implicated in the discussion based on the broad range of the literature review and the subsequent findings. The article explores the current seasonality research in tourism and hospitality and proposes a typology and literature-based agenda for future scholarly investigations. Results provide an overview of seasonality research in tourism and hospitality by examining key themes in theory, methodology, research topics, and geographical features. We underscore the importance of theoretical and conceptual development and a comprehensive approach to seasonality research in tourism and hospitality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lower-limb rehabilitation exoskeletons offer a transformative approach to enhancing recovery in patients with movement disorders affecting the lower extremities. This comprehensive systematic review delves into the literature on sensor technologies and the control strategies integrated into these exoskeletons, evaluating their capacity to address user needs and scrutinizing their structural designs regarding sensor distribution as well as control algorithms. The review examines various sensing modalities, including electromyography (EMG), force, displacement, and other innovative sensor types, employed in these devices to facilitate accurate and responsive motion control. Furthermore, the review explores the strengths and limitations of a diverse array of lower-limb rehabilitation-exoskeleton designs, highlighting areas of improvement and potential avenues for further development. In addition, the review investigates the latest control algorithms and analysis methods that have been utilized in conjunction with these sensor systems to optimize exoskeleton performance and ensure safe and effective user interactions. By building a deeper understanding of the diverse sensor technologies and monitoring systems, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing advancement of lower-limb rehabilitation exoskeletons, ultimately improving the quality of life for patients with mobility impairments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review synthesizes the main articles existing in the literature on the impact of stress on oral health, particularly focusing on periodontal disease and its relationship with stress mechanisms. It underscores the role of stress as a crucial factor in both the development and progression of inflammatory conditions, such as periodontitis. The paper provides an overview of stress, its effects on connective tissues and bone healing, as well as its role in periodontal pocket formation. It discusses current models elucidating how stress mechanisms influence disease onset and progression, alongside evidence, both supporting and refuting stress as an etiological factor. Moreover, it stresses the importance of identifying and advising stressed patients regarding potential impacts on periodontal health. Additionally, the review delves into research specifically targeting stress effects on oral health in students. Through extensive literature review encompassing various databases, it identifies a significant focus on temporomandibular joint relations and masticatory muscle tone alterations. The study underscores the necessity of understanding the mechanisms behind oral pathology development and enhancing adaptation to stressors, particularly in populations like dental students, characterized by consistent stress exposure. This dual perspective emphasizes the ongoing need for comprehensive research to deepen understanding of stress-related processes and their implications for oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Getnet Worku Demeke,1,2 Marloes L van Engen,3 Solomon Markos1 1Department of Business Administration and Information Systems, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2Department of Management, Kotebe University of Education, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3Institute for Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsCorrespondence: Getnet Worku Demeke, Tel +251 911 57 13 25, Email getnet.workuu@aau.edu.et; wgetme@yahoo.comAbstract: Servant leadership has received a growing consideration among scholars and practitioners as a viable leadership model capable of bringing positive changes in the increasingly complex healthcare system. The increasing servant leadership literature in healthcare requires an integrated research work that provides a holistic picture of the existing studies. This systematic review aims to synthesize servant leadership conceptualizations, theoretical frameworks, measurement tools, and nomological networks (antecedents, mediators, outcomes, and moderators) associated with prior research in healthcare. A systematic synthesis of 55 pertinent healthcare-specific conceptual and empirical studies demonstrated that servant leadership assumes a crucial role in developing a committed workforce that contributes towards the achievement of performance excellence in healthcare. The review uncovers that the Global Servant Leadership Scale is the most utilized measure of servant leadership in sector-specific studies in healthcare. Moreover, social exchange theory is the dominant underpinning mechanism explaining the influence of servant leadership on specific variables of interest. The findings further revealed that servant leadership has a positive relationship with a range of valued individual and organizational outcomes in healthcare. Our review contributes to the development of servant leadership theory and practice through ascertaining sector-specific studies in the territory of healthcare. We finally conclude by providing a detailed panorama for future healthcare-specific servant leadership research in terms of potential topics, methodological rigor, and less explored variables in prior studies.Keywords: healthcare leadership, health care, healthcare sector, content analysis, nomological network, comprehensive review

The indispensable role of Animal Science in drug discovery: A comprehensive review" delves into the crucial contribution of animal science in the field of drug development and discovery. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted aspects of animal science that make it an indispensable component of the drug discovery process. By examining the utilization of various animal models, from invertebrates to mammals, this paper highlights the significance of animal research in elucidating mechanisms of disease, studying drug efficacy, toxicity and understanding pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Additionally, it discusses the ethical considerations and regulations associated with animal experimentation, emphasizing the importance of animal welfare and the implementation of alternative methods when feasible. Moreover, the review sheds light on emerging technologies and approaches, such as in silico modeling and organ-on-a-chip systems, that aim to reduce animal usage while maintaining high-quality research outcomes. Overall, this review paper provides a comprehensive understanding of how animal science continues to play an indispensable role in driving drug discovery, improving human and animal health, and shaping the future of medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fourth industrial revolution has seen the evolution and wide adoption of game-changing and disruptive innovation, "financial technologies (FinTech), around the globe. However, the security of FinTech systems and networks remains critical. This research paper comprehensively reviews cybersecurity issues and their mitigation measures in FinTech. Four independent researchers reviewed relevant literature from IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, Emerald Insight, Springer, SAGE, WILEY, Hindawi, MDPI, ACM, and Google Scholar. The key findings of the analysis identified privacy issues, data breaches, malware attacks, hacking, insider threats, identity theft, social engineering attacks, distributed denial-of-service attacks, cryptojacking, supply chain attacks, advanced persistent threats, zero-day attacks, salami attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, SQL injection, and brute-force attacks as some of the significant cybersecurity issues experienced by the FinTech industry. The review paper also suggested authentication and access control mechanisms, cryptography, regulatory compliance, intrusion detection and prevention systems, regular data backup, basic security training, big data analytics, use of artificial intelligence and machine learning, FinTech regulatory sandboxes, cloud computing technologies, blockchain technologies, and fraud detection and prevention systems as mitigation measures for cybersecurity issues. However, tackling cybersecurity issues will be paramount if FinTech is to realize its full potential. Ultimately, this research will help develop robust security mechanisms for FinTech systems and networks to achieve sustainable financial inclusion.

The 2020 world population data sheet indicates that world population is projected to increase from 7.8 billion in 2020 to 9.9 billion by 2050 (Increase of more than 25%). Due to the expected growth in human population, the demand for meats that could improve health status and provide therapeutic benefits is also projected to rise. The dromedary also known as the Arabian camel, or one-humped camel ( Camelus dromedarius), a pseudo ruminant adapted to arid climates, has physiological, biological and metabolic characteristics which give it a legendary reputation for surviving in the extreme conditions of desert environments considered restrictive for other ruminants. Camel meat is an ethnic food consumed across the arid regions of Middle East, North-East Africa, Australia and China. For these medicinal and nutritional benefits, camel meat can be a great option for sustainable meat worldwide supply. A considerable amount of literature has been published on technological aspects and quality properties of beef, lamb and pork but the information available on the technological aspects of the meat of the one humped camel is very limited. Camels are usually raised in less developed countries and their meat is as nutritionally good as any other traditional meat source. Its quality also depends on the breed, sex, age, breeding conditions and type of muscle consumed. A compilation of existing literature related to new technological advances in packaging, shelf-life and quality of camel meat has not been reviewed to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, this review attempts to explore the nutritional composition, health benefits of camel meat, as well as various technological and processing interventions to improve its quality and consumer acceptance. This review will be helpful for camel sector and highlight the potential for global marketability of camel meat and to generate value added products.

One of the most effective ways to deal with the effects of the current global energy crisis is to reduce energy consumption and rely energy management strategies. As a result, waste heat/energy recovery might be a helpful option for decreasing energy costs and environmental effect. It entails finding a practical way to apply any engineering system’s wasted heat where the percentage of wasted heat is too high in global. In this context, waste hot water is a rich source of wasted energy that, if recovered, can significantly cut down on the amount of electricity used worldwide. Within this framework, the present research paper provides a thorough analysis of Waste Water Heat Recovery Systems (WWHRS) in terms of performance, design, tools and applications. In addition, it is highlighting the key elements associated with WWHRS, including the wastewater sources and approaches used in the literature for waste water heat recovery. Moreover, the present paper demonstrates the effect of the heat recovery from the drain waste water on economically and discuss the technical barriers to using WWHRS. It will be demonstrated that the feasibility of recovering heat from waste water could decrease significantly the cost of energy consumption for residential or industrial application. In addition, the main tools that are used for heat recovery systems is the heat exchanger where various types are used and the thermal performance are strongly affected by the choice of heat exchangers. Moreover, based on the literature review, it is shown that the methods of studying the thermal performance of the heat recovery system are experimental and/or numerical and in some cases the study is performed analytically. Finally, all discussed and presented studies demonstrate that the WWHRS has a significant benefits and could be considered for new residential construction.

Background: Atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) refers to loss of stability between atlas and axis vertebrae, resulting in loss of normal articulation. It may be due to congenital, traumatic, or inflammatory reasons. Various techniques of atlantoaxial fixation have been described and used in patients over the years, but each has its own merits and demerits. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study clinicoradiological evaluation and outcome assessment of single-stage posterior correction of AAD. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study done in the Department of Neurosurgery, JA group of hospitals, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, from July 2021 to July 2022. The study was conducted on 20 randomly selected patients whose presentation and imaging showed indication for surgery. Results: C1 lateral mass C2 pars screw fixation had one Frankel grade improvement in 6 months in 96% patient with a fusion rate of 100% and the patient also has modified Japanese orthopedic association score improvement of 15.25±0.98. Conclusion: This study reviewed single-stage posterior correction of AAD using C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screw and rod fixation; it enables the stabilization of atlantoaxial motion and preserves motion at occipito-atlantal level with high fusion rates, good neurological recovery, and minimal complications.

The 2020 world population data sheet indicates that world population is projected to increase from 7.8 billion in 2020 to 9.9 billion by 2050 (Increase of more than 25%). Due to the expected growth in human population, the demand for meats that could improve health status and provide therapeutic benefits is also projected to rise. The dromedary also known as the Arabian camel, or one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius), a pseudo ruminant adapted to arid climates, has physiological, biological and metabolic characteristics which give it a legendary reputation for surviving in the extreme conditions of desert environments considered restrictive for other ruminants. Camel meat is an ethnic food consumed across the arid regions of Middle East, North-East Africa, Australia and China. For these medicinal and nutritional benefits, camel meat can be a great option for sustainable meat worldwide supply. A considerable amount of literature has been published on technological aspects and quality properties of beef, lamb and pork but the information available on the technological aspects of the meat of the one humped camel is very limited. Camels are usually raised in less developed countries and their meat is as nutritionally good as any other traditional meat source. Its quality also depends on the breed, sex, age, breeding conditions and type of muscle consumed. A compilation of existing literature related to new technological advances in packaging, shelf-life and quality of camel meat has not been reviewed to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, this review attempts to explore the nutritional composition, health benefits of camel meat, as well as various technological and processing interventions to improve its quality and consumer acceptance. This review will be helpful for camel sector and highlight the potential for global marketability of camel meat and to generate value added products.

Methanol has been identified as a transition fuel for the decarbonisation of combustion-based industries, including automotive and maritime. This study aims to conduct a critical review of methanol combustion in compression ignition engines and analyse the reviewed studies' results to quantify methanol use's impact on engine performance and emissions characteristics. The diesel and diesel–methanol operation of these engines are comparatively assessed, demonstrating the trade-offs between the methanol fraction, the key engine performance parameters, including brake thermal efficiency, peak in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and temperature, as well as the carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter emissions. The types of the reviewed engines considering the main two combustion methods, namely premixed and diffusion combustion, are discussed. Research gaps are identified, and recommendations for future research directions to address existing challenges for the wider use of methanol as a marine fuel are provided. This comprehensive review provides insights supporting methanol engine operation, and it is expected to lead to further studies towards more efficient use of methanol-fueled marine engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gel systems are widely used as plugging materials in the oil and gas industry. Gas channeling can be mitigated by reducing the heterogeneity of the formation and the mobility ratio of CO2 to crude oil. Cracks and other CO2 leaking pathways can be plugged during the geological storage of CO2 to increase the storage stability. By adding CO2-responsive groups to the classic polymer gel's molecular chain, CO2 responsive gel is able to seal and recognize CO2 in the formation while maintaining the superior performance of traditional polymer gel. The application of CO2 responsive gels in oil and gas production is still in the stage of laboratory testing on the whole. To actually achieve the commercial application of CO2 responsive gels in the oil and gas industry, it is imperative to thoroughly understand the CO2 responsive mechanisms of the various types of CO2 responsive gels, as well as the advantages and drawbacks of the gels and the direction of future development prospects. This work provides an overview of the research progress and response mechanisms of various types of CO2 responsive groups and CO2 responsive gels. Studies of the CO2 responsive gel development, injectivity, and plugging performance are comprehensively reviewed and summarized. The shortcomings of the existing CO2 responsive gels system are discussed and the paths for future CO2 responsive gel development are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Primary angiitis of the adult central nervous system (PACNS) is an increasingly recognized but limited disease. Using previous case reports, we sought to summarize the clinical symptoms, imaging manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of patients with biopsy-confirmed PACNS to guide clinical diagnosis and management.Methods: We searched the Web of Science database for studies published from January 2000 to April 2023, with the language set to English and the document type limited to [Article or Review or Letter or Editorial Material]. A systematic review of all case reports met the inclusion and exclusion criteria was performed. These patients' clinical, pathological, and imaging characteristics were analyzed, and treatment and prognostic data were summarized.Results: We analyzed 69 articles, including 76 patients with biopsy-confirmed PACNS. And 57.9% of the patients were male, the median age at presentation was 47.0 years, and focal neurological deficits were the most common symptom in patients (78.9%), followed by headache (52.6%). The median duration of biopsy was 1.1 months, of which 49 (64.5%) patients were lymphocytic, 13 (17.1%) were granulomatous, 11 (14.5%) were amyloidotic, and 3 (3.9%) were necrotizing PACNS. Relapse events occurred in 41 (53.9%) patients, including 34 (44.2%) relapses and 8 (10.5%) deaths. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that symptomatic epilepsy, prolonged biopsy time window, and CD20 expression in pathological tissues might be independent risk factors for recurrent events in patients (HR=4.69, 95% CI: 1.51– 14.54, p=0.007; HR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.00– 1.22, p=0.043; HR=5.33, 95% CI: 1.07– 26.61, p=0.041).Conclusion: Adult PACNS is associated with frequent relapses and high mortality. Symptomatic epilepsy, prolonged biopsy time window, and CD20 expression in pathological tissue may be associated with recurrent events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science education in the Philippines is undergoing a significant transformation, characterized by the integration of technology and innovative teaching methods. This shift is driven by the nation's commitment to nurturing scientifically literate individuals who can thrive in an ever-changing world. The integration of technology and adaptive teaching approaches has ignited a paradigmatic change in how students engage with science. No longer passive recipients of information, they have become enthusiastic explorers and critical thinkers, engaging with interactive simulations, and collaborating on real-world research projects. This heightened level of engagement fosters a genuine passion for science that transcends the classroom and fuels lifelong learning. Moreover, this transformation has led to a deeper comprehension of scientific concepts, moving beyond abstract theories to tangible realities through virtual laboratories and personalized learning experiences. Students now possess the ability not just to regurgitate information but to apply their knowledge confidently, solving complex problems and making informed decisions in a technology-driven world. Performance outcomes have also seen a remarkable transformation, emphasizing practical problem-solving skills that position students as future innovators and contributors to the global scientific community. As the Philippines continues on this remarkable trajectory, it stands poised to shine as a beacon of science education excellence, nurturing generations of scientifically literate individuals ready to address global challenges and opportunities. This revolution in science education transcends borders, empowering students to actively contribute to the advancement of scientific knowledge and a brighter, scientifically informed future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lower-limb rehabilitation exoskeletons offer a transformative approach to enhancing recovery in patients with movement disorders affecting the lower extremities. This comprehensive systematic review delves into the literature on sensor technologies and the control strategies integrated into these exoskeletons, evaluating their capacity to address user needs and scrutinizing their structural designs regarding sensor distribution as well as control algorithms. The review examines various sensing modalities, including electromyography (EMG), force, displacement, and other innovative sensor types, employed in these devices to facilitate accurate and responsive motion control. Furthermore, the review explores the strengths and limitations of a diverse array of lower-limb rehabilitation-exoskeleton designs, highlighting areas of improvement and potential avenues for further development. In addition, the review investigates the latest control algorithms and analysis methods that have been utilized in conjunction with these sensor systems to optimize exoskeleton performance and ensure safe and effective user interactions. By building a deeper understanding of the diverse sensor technologies and monitoring systems, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing advancement of lower-limb rehabilitation exoskeletons, ultimately improving the quality of life for patients with mobility impairments.

Healthcare decision-making has often been viewed as a complex multi-dimensional problem due to medical, technological, social, ethical, economic, and environmental factors along with multiple and conflicting objectives and the participation of different stakeholders. Several multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques have been successfully deployed to resolve this issue, providing transparent, consistent, accurate, and timely solutions. This paper reviews 140 journal articles published during 2013-2022 (available in the Scopus database) on MCDM applications in healthcare decision-making. Those articles are subsequently categorized into 11 application areas, i.e., (a) supply chain management, (b) medical device and material selection, (c) disease identification and treatment, (d) healthcare information system, (e) logistics, (f) operations management in healthcare, (g) healthcare quality evaluation, (h) risk management, (i) waste management, (J) COVID-19, and (k) miscellaneous. Their contents are also critically analysed​ concerning year-wise, journal-wise, institution-wise, and country-wise publications, authors’ nationality, MCDM techniques employed, other mathematical tools considered for criteria weight measurement and uncertainty modelling, and relation with other keywords. The analysis identifies Waste Management as the most explored area; Computers and Industrial Engineering, Journal of Cleaner Production, and Sustainability as the most popular journals; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, as the most contributing university; and India as the most productive country in respect of several authors and co-authors; and analytic hierarchy process as the most popular MCDM tool. It would help healthcare professionals understand how other researchers have efficiently explored the benefits of various MCDM tools in solving healthcare-related decision-making problems.

The healthcare industry generates enormous amounts of data, particularly in genomics, which require effective handling, storage, and analysis. Cloud computing offers a promising solution to these challenges. This paper focuses on the adoption of cloud computing in bioinformatics and evaluates current applications in the field. The article also proposes a comprehensive conceptual framework for cloud computing adoption in bioinformatics, which can serve as a valuable reference for practitioners, academics, and organizations transitioning to cloud-based bioinformatics services.While cloud computing and bioinformatics can provide significant benefits and new opportunities in healthcare, data privacy, security, and management concerns are significant challenges that must be addressed. Organizations must implement robust security measures to protect sensitive patient information and ensure regulatory compliance. Additionally, proper data management practices and training for healthcare professionals are necessary to maximize the potential of cloud computing in bioinformatics. Ultimately, the adoption of cloud computing in bioinformatics will pave the way for more personalized and effective healthcare, benefiting patients and healthcare professionals alike.

In pediatric dental patients, the management of nonvital immature teeth with undeveloped root in endodontic practice pose difficult and cumbersome clinical situations or challenges for the dental practitioners owing to the various factors, namely, the shorter root with thinner dentinal walls and the lack of apical closure make the affected tooth difficult to obturate conventionally and also make more vulnerable to root fracture. Conventionally, apexification and later apical barrier/plug endodontic modalities have been widely undertaken for such affected teeth. However, such treatment approaches have several intrinsic shortcomings such as uncertain long-term treated tooth prognosis. Since recent years, a biologically based therapeutic endodontic approach known as regenerative endodontic therapy has been or being extensively explored or studied to overcome the drawbacks of previous conventional treatment modalities and also to improve the long-term prognosis of the affected immature nonvital teeth in children and adolescents. Regenerative endodontics is a rapidly evolving subject and also a promising treatment modality for the scientific researchers and clinicians, respectively. Hence, the present article aims to comprehensively and critically appraise the recent literature pertaining to regenerative endodontic procedures. The relevant literature regarding the regenerative endodontics was searched in electronic databases. The articles were retrieved using Boolean operators with relevant keywords/Medical Subject Headings. The included relevant articles were critically appraised in the present review. The latest important aspects of regenerative endodontic have been described in a systematic manner for its better understanding and deeper insights for the general and pediatric dental professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) refers to loss of stability between atlas and axis vertebrae, resulting in loss of normal articulation. It may be due to congenital, traumatic, or inflammatory reasons. Various techniques of atlantoaxial fixation have been described and used in patients over the years, but each has its own merits and demerits. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study clinicoradiological evaluation and outcome assessment of single-stage posterior correction of AAD. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study done in the Department of Neurosurgery, JA group of hospitals, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, from July 2021 to July 2022. The study was conducted on 20 randomly selected patients whose presentation and imaging showed indication for surgery. Results: C1 lateral mass C2 pars screw fixation had one Frankel grade improvement in 6 months in 96% patient with a fusion rate of 100% and the patient also has modified Japanese orthopedic association score improvement of 15.25±0.98. Conclusion: This study reviewed single-stage posterior correction of AAD using C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screw and rod fixation; it enables the stabilization of atlantoaxial motion and preserves motion at occipito-atlantal level with high fusion rates, good neurological recovery, and minimal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In pediatric dental patients, the management of nonvital immature teeth with undeveloped root in endodontic practice pose difficult and cumbersome clinical situations or challenges for the dental practitioners owing to the various factors, namely, the shorter root with thinner dentinal walls and the lack of apical closure make the affected tooth difficult to obturate conventionally and also make more vulnerable to root fracture. Conventionally, apexification and later apical barrier/plug endodontic modalities have been widely undertaken for such affected teeth. However, such treatment approaches have several intrinsic shortcomings such as uncertain long-term treated tooth prognosis. Since recent years, a biologically based therapeutic endodontic approach known as regenerative endodontic therapy has been or being extensively explored or studied to overcome the drawbacks of previous conventional treatment modalities and also to improve the long-term prognosis of the affected immature nonvital teeth in children and adolescents. Regenerative endodontics is a rapidly evolving subject and also a promising treatment modality for the scientific researchers and clinicians, respectively. Hence, the present article aims to comprehensively and critically appraise the recent literature pertaining to regenerative endodontic procedures. The relevant literature regarding the regenerative endodontics was searched in electronic databases. The articles were retrieved using Boolean operators with relevant keywords/Medical Subject Headings. The included relevant articles were critically appraised in the present review. The latest important aspects of regenerative endodontic have been described in a systematic manner for its better understanding and deeper insights for the general and pediatric dental professionals.

Roof runoff is collected rainwater from a roof using a rainwater harvesting system (RWHS). The construction of an efficient RWHS requires a thorough analysis of the rainwater quality and the appropriate treatment process for its intended use. In line with this, a bibliometric and comprehensive review of studies related to roof rainwater harvesting was conducted. A corpus of 1123 articles was downloaded from the Scopus database and parsed through the CorText Manager to determine the relationships between keywords, journals, and topics related to rainwater harvesting. A comprehensive analysis was also conducted to determine the different designs of RWHS, the quality of harvested rainwater from roof catchments, the efficiency of the system for specific purposes, and its sustainability in terms of economic, environmental, and social aspects. Results show that the effectiveness of a RWHS heavily depends on its installation site, the physicochemical characteristics of the harvested rainwater, and the acceptability of the end users. An effective water treatment process is essential for achieving better water quality for harvested rainwater. Moreover, assessing the financial viability and return on investment of an RWHS is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An exhaustive bibliographic review of literature is offered with a systematic and rigorous approach to business and entrepreneurial skills. In addition, the findings derived from a bibliometric analysis are presented, which allows for a detailed diagnosis of the evolution and current state of this field of study. The methodology used includes the creation and subsequent analysis of bibliometric indicators that address both the quantity and quality of research. Likewise, an analysis of the topological structure of the author's networks is carried out using the VOSviewer software. This analysis covers a time interval that extends from 1997 to 2021 and is based on the examination of 550 scientific articles published in the Scopus database. The results indicate an area in constant growth, characterized by limited citation among authors, insufficient collaboration between researchers and a lack of interdisciplinary development. These observations provide an opportunity for researchers to explore these areas and publish diverse manuscripts from individual, organizational, and societal perspectives. This would allow the evolution of education to be presented as an integral part of an economic development strategy, highlighting the role of students as key agents in the educational process, with a global vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unmanned aerial vehicle formation plays a crucial role in numerous applications, such as reconnaissance, agricultural plant protection, and electric power inspection. This paper provides a comprehensive review and analysis of the unmanned aerial vehicle swarm communication networks and formation control strategies. First, the most commonly used unmanned aerial vehicles are introduced and compared. Next, the entire process of the formation task, from the formation assignment to the formation transformation, is detailed described. At last, the widely adopted communication networks are analyzed, and the existing formation control strategies of the UAV swarm are compared, which shows that the distributed formation control is superior to the centralized method and is the future development trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of future leaders and professionals who can successfully traverse the challenging business environment depends heavily on management education. However, the current environment has a number of issues and new trends that have a big impact on management education. This essay tries to offer a thorough analysis of current problems in management education in the current environment. It examines a number of issues, developments, and trends influencing management education and considers how they affect practitioners, educators, and students. The paper also emphasises the necessity of changing management education to meet these concerns and provides educators and institutions with potential options and the best practices. This essay is based on a survey of the literature that addresses the problems and opportunities facing management education in India. Globalisation is a significant factor in the current era, which management education has recognised in recent years as it has developed. In the past ten years, the country's University Grant Commission (UGC) and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) have approved numerous MBA programmes. Business environment, issues, and challenges play a significant role in developing curricula, preparing professional managers for job competition, students' need to gain knowledge and experience with specialisation to increase employment opportunities, the nature of professions and the seemingly limitless potential of technology, as well as a review of the literature in the field of management education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are a type of stem cell, have been found to have strong angiogenic and tissue repair capabilities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain many effective components, such as cellular proteins, microRNAs, messenger RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs, and can be secreted by different cell types. The functions of EVs depend mainly on their parent cells. Many researchers have conducted functional studies of EPC-derived EVs (EPC-EVs) and showed that they exhibit therapeutic effects on many diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, acute kidney injury, acute lung injury, and sepsis. In this review article, we comprehensively summarized the biogenesis and functions of EPCs and EVs and the potent role of EPC-EVs in the treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, the current problems and future prospects have been discussed, and further studies are needed to compare the therapeutic effects of EVs derived from various stem cells, which will contribute to the accelerated translation of these applications in a clinical setting.

In recent years, there has been a significant focus on energy management on a worldwide scale, with particular attention given to the development of waste heat recovery (WHR) technologies. These systems aim to capture and use the waste heat energy found in hot fluids produced by many engineering applications, such as exhaust gases, hot air, cooling water, and radiative heat. These applications can be categorized into four primary areas, namely iron and steel industries, energy, and power generation, automotive and transportation, and building and construction. While prior literature has examined many facets of WHR, this study presents an innovative methodology by offering an extensive and comprehensive analysis that focuses on WHR systems linked to exhaust emissions and hot air inside these industries. This study classifies the subdomains within each sector and conducts an in-depth examination of the processes and results associated with the integration of WHR technology into these sectors. Analytical schematics resulting from the reviewed results are given, together with tabulated summaries of WHR systems for each subdomain. It highlights significant advancements in exhaust gas recovery and air conditioning technologies, showcasing innovations such as thermoelectric generators (TEG s), organic Rankine cycles (ORC s), advanced heat exchangers, and environmentally friendly refrigerants. Furthermore, the paper proposes a comprehensive analysis of the data to improve understanding of the efficacy and improvements of WHR systems. Finally, the present manuscript constitutes a useful reference guide for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders in the energy management field, particularly heat recovery (HR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methanol has been identified as a transition fuel for the decarbonisation of combustion-based industries, including automotive and maritime. This study aims to conduct a critical review of methanol combustion in compression ignition engines and analyse the reviewed studies’ results to quantify methanol use’s impact on engine performance and emissions characteristics. The diesel and diesel–methanol operation of these engines are comparatively assessed, demonstrating the trade-offs between the methanol fraction, the key engine performance parameters, including brake thermal efficiency, peak in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and temperature, as well as the carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter emissions. The types of the reviewed engines considering the main two combustion methods, namely premixed and diffusion combustion, are discussed. Research gaps are identified, and recommendations for future research directions to address existing challenges for the wider use of methanol as a marine fuel are provided. This comprehensive review provides insights supporting methanol engine operation, and it is expected to lead to further studies towards more efficient use of methanol-fueled marine engines.

Gel systems are widely used as plugging materials in the oil and gas industry. Gas channeling can be mitigated by reducing the heterogeneity of the formation and the mobility ratio of CO2 to crude oil. Cracks and other CO2 leaking pathways can be plugged during the geological storage of CO2 to increase the storage stability. By adding CO2-responsive groups to the classic polymer gel’s molecular chain, CO2 responsive gel is able to seal and recognize CO2 in the formation while maintaining the superior performance of traditional polymer gel. The application of CO2 responsive gels in oil and gas production is still in the stage of laboratory testing on the whole. To actually achieve the commercial application of CO2 responsive gels in the oil and gas industry, it is imperative to thoroughly understand the CO2 responsive mechanisms of the various types of CO2 responsive gels, as well as the advantages and drawbacks of the gels and the direction of future development prospects. This work provides an overview of the research progress and response mechanisms of various types of CO2 responsive groups and CO2 responsive gels. Studies of the CO2 responsive gel development, injectivity, and plugging performance are comprehensively reviewed and summarized. The shortcomings of the existing CO2 responsive gels system are discussed and the paths for future CO2 responsive gel development are suggested.

This is a comprehensive review based on the published papers in the field of COVID‑19 vaccines and vaccination. Many efforts have been made to develop vaccines to combat this pandemic. Since December 2020, more than 200 vaccines have been tested in various research stages and in clinical trials on humans, of which eight vaccines reached phase four clinical trials in humans and approved by FDA and EUA. After the Pfizer–BioNTech vaccine that had the highest efficacy (95%), the efficacy of the other vaccines are as follows: Moderna 94.5%, Sputnik V 91%, Novavax 89.7%, Sinopharm 79.3%, Oxford/AstraZenaca 70.4%, Johnson and Johnson 66.9%, and Sinovac 50.7%. At present, protein‑based vaccines, with 35% of all available COVID‑19 vaccines, are the most common technique in the vaccine production, and then there are vaccines of non‑replicating viral vector (13.3%), mRNA1 (12.1%), DNA (10.2%), replicating viral vector (9.8%), and inactivated vaccines (8.2%). The most frequently recognized adverse effects within 7 days of each vaccine dose involved fever, fatigue, headache, chill, and myalgia. The mRNA‑based vaccines were associated with a higher occurrence of local side effects (78.3 vs. 70.4%; Sig. = 0.064), whereas the viral vector‑based vaccine was associated with a higher prevalence of systemic side effects (87.2 vs. 61%; Sig. < 0.001). Based on the evidence and articles in the field of vaccination, AstraZeneca‑Oxford and Sinopharm vaccines reported the highest and lowest side effects, respectively. Because of being emerging, pathogenicity, and high infectivity of COVID‑19, vaccination against the disease to prevent its incident rate and decrease the prevalence rate is recommended immediately. Being informed of various aspects of the existing vaccines such as efficacy, effectiveness, safety, etc.can accelerate to make effective and useful choices and consequently have a vaccinated community against the epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiant heat and light emerging from the sun can be harnessed in a variety of ever-evolving technologies mainly consisting of thermal and photovoltaic. In this research, comprehensive and systematic description of solar thermal technologies supported by techno-economic analysis was performed. The research starts with the optimization and classification of these technologies with a prime focus on the implementation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Theoretical analysis was conducted to calculate the technical specifications of various solar thermal technologies for the purpose to assess the optimized technology for the KSA. A 10 MW parabolic trough-based plant is designed and simulated by using four different heat transfer fluids including nano-fluids and molten salts with four collectors for the purpose to conclude the optimized design. Hydrogen and oxygen gas were used in receiver assemblies to calculate the absorbance, emittance, and transmittance along with various other effective parameters. It was observed that under specific conditions, collectors, and receivers have different values which is then affect the efficiency of the system. The prime objective of the research is to present the up-to-date solar thermal technologies in the KSA and the feasibility of a solar thermal pilot plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change and rapid urbanization increase/amplify urban heat islands (UHIs). Green infrastructure (GI) is an effective and popularly strategy used to moderate UHIs. This paper aims to better understand the progress of different GI types (urban parks, urban forests, street trees, green roofs, green walls) in mitigating UHIs, and what benefits they provide. Firstly, this paper used CiteSpace to analyze 1243 publications on the Web of Science from 1990 to 2021, then analyzed the function/regulation of ecosystem services/benefits and values of GI types in reducing UHIs. The historical review results show that research on all GI types showed rapid growth since 2013, and their GR increased rapidly. The highest-ranking keywords were urban heat island/heat island, climate/climate change/microclimate, and temperature/land surface temperature/air temperature. "Design," "vegetation," "quality," and "reduction" are the top four strongest keyword bursts. The most published countries are the People's Republic of China, USA, Australia, Germany, and Italy, and the top three institutions are the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Arizona State University, and the National University of Singapore. Landscape and Urban Planning, Building and Environment, Energy and Building, and Urban Forestry and Urban Greening are the most published journals. In urban areas, different GI types as a form of ecosystem hardware provide multiple functions (reduced land surface temperatures, lower building energy usage, improved thermal comfort and enhanced human health, reduced morbidity and mortality, etc.). GI thus provides a regulated ecosystem service to ameliorate UHIs primarily through temperature regulation and shade. At the same time, GI provides benefits and values (ecological, economic, social, and cultural) to humans and urban sustainable development. GI types determine the functions they provide, afford corresponding regulated ecosystem services, and provide benefits and values in a logical/recycle system. Overall, this review highlights the development and importance of GI, as well as the relationship of GI types and functions of regulating the ecosystem service benefits and values to mitigate UHI, and advances the study of climate change adaptation in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is deeply changing our lives and provides impetus for improving production and living efficiency as an important emerging tool. Digitalization and intelligent development have also become the development direction of the sports industry, bringing new requirements to the transformation of physical education (PE) and the improvement of the quality of PE teachers. PE is an important part of the public health system, and AI can deeply participate in the formulation of teaching strategies, the tracking of teaching processes and the evaluation of teaching results, effectively improving the quality of teaching. Research on the application of AI technology in PE has been carried out. This paper comprehensively reviews the existing research and conducts a comprehensive analysis of the research progress and status. The potential application areas of AI in PE are discussed to better promote the intelligent and digital upgrading of PE. We found that the research on the application of AI in PE is still in its early stages, and the research content needs to be strengthened in terms of breadth and depth. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the challenges faced by PE teacher development and training in the context of educational transformation in the era of AI, and explores the necessary skills and knowledge related to AI technology that future PE teachers should master in order to effectively achieve the improvement of teaching level and the sustainable development of public health system. The review of this paper provides valuable guidance for educators and policymakers to formulate high-quality teacher development and training mechanisms, and provides a new reference for the application and development of AI in sports., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang and Wang.)