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Resumen En esta investigación se estudian los recursos de concesividad con función atenuante en actos argumentativos en el corpus PRESEEA de Santiago de Chile. A partir del análisis de los datos provenientes de 36 entrevistas semidirigidas, se da cuenta del funcionamiento de los movimientos concesivos-opositivos y de las partículas discursivas concesivas en actos argumentativos, y se describe su variación sociolingüística en relación con los factores sexo, edad y nivel de instrucción de los hablantes. Los principales resultados del estudio indican que, en el castellano chileno, existen al menos 12 estrategias que cumplen una función concesiva de atenuación, entre las que destacan “sí, pero + negación”, “aunque”, “no, pero + afirmación” y “a pesar (de) que”. Estas estrategias se vinculan con las funciones de autoprotección y prevención de imagen en el desarrollo del acto argumentativo. Asimismo, se observa que la variación está dada principalmente por el factor edad de los sujetos. Abstract This paper analyses concessive resources with a mitigating function which are found in argumentative acts in the PRESEEA corpus from Santiago, Chile. Based on data from 36 semi-structured interviews, the behaviour of concessive-oppositional moves and concessive discourse particles in argumentative acts is analyzed, and their sociolinguistic variation is described in relation to the speakers’ gender, age and level of education. The key findings highlight that in Chilean Spanish there are at least 12 strategies that fulfill a mitigating concessive function, among which “sí, pero (yes, but) + negation”, “aunque (even though)”, “no, pero (no, but) + assertion” and “a pesar (de) que (despite the fact that)” stand out. These strategies are linked to the functions of self-protection and face prevention in the development of the argumentative act. Furthermore, it is also observed that the variation is mostly due to the subject’s age.

The additive enclitic ='pas' of Cuzco Quechua is multifunctional: besides marking additivity it also participates in the marking of concessivity, epistemic possibility and the formation of non-specific indefinite pronouns. This paper provides a description of these functions and proposes that they all involve a presupposition of existential quantification over alternatives. Their differences result from the type of alternatives quantified over, namely focus, epistemic or 'wh'-alternatives. The particular clustering of functions found with ='pas' has implications for the semantic map of additivity proposed by Forker (2016), and presents a counterexample to three implicational universals it encapsulates. Modifications to the map are proposed to accommodate ='pas', including connecting it with the semantic map of modality, and recognizing scalar additivity as a subtype of additivity.

International audience; There is an unnoticed parallelism between what has been called the concessive future (Sarà un professore universitario, ma sicuramenteè un idiota) 1 in the literature on some Romance languages (and Italian in particular), and what has been labeled 'speech act modality' (He may be a university professor, but he sure is dumb; Sweetser, 1990: 70) in the literature on English modals. In these parallel literatures, the idea is advanced that the future tense and the English modals may/might are concessive in that they 'concede' to the addressee that p is true and they thus convey 'distancing'. Establishing a connection with irrelevance conditionals (König, 1986 and subsequent literature), we propose a different unified view of these phenomena cross-linguistically, which grounds in the existential epistemic modal semantics of both the future tense in Ital-ian and the epistemic modal in English (and French peut-être) their capacity of enhancing a concessive interpretation in discourse and in particular in an adversative construction. We capitalize on their alternative semantics, as well as on the interaction between the alternatives and the adversative, and propose an account in which distancing is the pragmatic counterpart of the dismissal of a premise that leads to an inconsistency in a pragmatic reasoning per absurdum. We will spell out a variety of pragmatic effects, which have been previously gathered under the label 'distancing' and which correspond, in our analysis, to different strategies to repair the absurdum.

L’estudi que presentem se centra en el procés de gramaticalització de malgrat, des del paper com a Sintagma Nominal originari que expressa una [emoció] fins al valor de [contra voluntat] que arribà a assolir com a Sintagma Preposicional. Parem esment especialment en la retracció que experimentà malgrat justament a partir del segle xvi. Examinem l’evolució de malgrat segons les propostes de la Lingüística Cognitiva i, concretament, la Teoria de la Gramaticalització, i les combinem amb els plantejaments de l’Anàlisi del Discurs, la Teoria de l’Argumentació i la Pragmàtica. La defensa del canvi lingüístic arrelat en l’ús, d’acord amb la Teoria de la Intersubjectivació, ens ajuda a revisar les fonts i els valors de malgrat en català. The present study focuses on the process of grammaticalization of malgrat, from the paper as an original Noun Phrase expressing an [emotion] to the value of [against will] that it has reached as a Preposition Phrase. We pay special attention to the retraction experienced by malgrat just as from the 16th century. We examine the evolution of malgrat according with the proposals of Cognitive Linguistics and, specially, the Theory of Grammaticalization, and we combine them with the approaches of Discourse Analysis, Argumentation Theory and Pragmatics. The defense of the linguistic change rooted in the use, in accordance with the Theory of Intersubjectivity, helps us to review the sources and the values of malgrat in Catalan. Aquest estudi s’ha dut a terme a l’Institut Superior d’Investigació Cooperativa IVITRA [ISIC-IVITRA] de la Generalitat Valenciana (Programa per a la Constitució i Acreditació d’Instituts Superiors d’Investigació Cooperativa d’Excel∙lència, Ref. ISIC/012/042), i en el marc dels projectes de recerca següents: «Gramàtica del Català Modern (1601–1834)» (MINECO, Ref. FFI2012-37103); «Continuación de la Gramática del Catalán Moderno (1601–1834)» (MINECO/FEDER, Ref. FFI2015-69694-P); «Constitució d’un corpus textual per a una gramàtica del català modern (Gcm)» (IEC, Ref. PT 2012-S04-MARTINES; IEC1-15X); Digicotracam (Programa PROMETEU per a Grups d’Investigació en I+D d’Excel∙lència, Generalitat Valenciana, Ref. PROMETEOII-2014-018), finançat amb fons FEDER de la UE; i el Grup d’Investigació en Tecnologia Educativa en Història de la Cultura, Diacronia lingüística i Traducció (Universitat d’Alacant, Ref. GITE-09009-UA]).

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T17:36:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-09-01 This paper discusses the categorical statute of complex adverbial subordinators, focusing on causal and concessive ones. The discussion about the categorical statute of complex adverbial subordinators in this paper is built upon functional and cognitive bases. It is offered a sample of analysis of two adverbial subordinators in Brazilian Portuguese, one causal, visto que, and the other, concessive, se bem que. The direction of the analysis is to explicate the interrelationship between the functional and cognitive aspects of complex adverbial subordinators considering how grammatical relations are established in these notional domains. Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil UPM, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil

Este trabajo revisa la caracterización semántica, morfosintáctica, discursiva y variacional que las gramáticas y los diccionarios de partículas ofrecen sobre la locución conjuntiva y eso que. A resultas de ello, se ponen en cuestión algunas de las propiedades que normalmente se le atribuyen a esta construcción, como su supuesta intercambiabilidad con aunque en cualquier contexto, su mayor frecuencia de aparición en posición inicial de intervención como recurso óptimo para la toma de turno o su posposición sistemática a la proposición que expresa la consecuencia inesperada y desproporcionada de alguna causa cuyo efecto se preveía mitigar. Los datos que se aducen demuestran asimismo la necesidad de eliminar de su descripción la consideración de que se trata de una estructura impropia de la distancia comunicativa y apuntan, finalmente, a un hecho sobre el que aún no se había dado cuenta en la bibliografía especializada: su reciente conversión, en la lengua periodística, en contextos de inicio de párrafo tras punto y aparte, en un marcador del discurso destinado al cambio de tópico. The present paper revises the semantic, morphosyntactic, discursive, and variational characterization that grammars and particle dictionaries offer about the conjunctive locution y eso que. Some of the properties usually attributed to this construction are questioned as a result, such as its alleged interchangeability with aunque in any context, its higher frequency of appearance in an initial intervention position as an optimal resource for turn taking or its systematic postposition to the clause expressing the unexpected and disproportionate consequence of some cause the effect of which we expected to mitigate. The data adduced equally show the need to remove from its description the assumption that this structure is unbecoming to communicative distance, and finally highlight a fact which still had not been reported in the specialized bibliography: its recent transformation –in journalistic language and within beginning-of-paragraph contexts after a full stop– into a discourse marker used to change topic. Este trabajo forma parte del proyecto de investigación I+D Tradiciones discursivas, tradiciones idiomáticas y unidades de análisis del discurso en la historia del español moderno (FFI2014-51826-P), perteneciente al Plan Estatal 2013-2016 Excelencia del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España, del que soy IP.

Conditionality and concessivity are two linguistic categories that are closely related. So far, they have hardly been studied in Judeo-Spanish. This article helps closing this research gap. As its main objective, the paper offers a synthesis of the linguistic mechanisms of conditional and concessive expression in Sephardic texts from 1880 to 1930. The considered linguistic mechanisms do not only include syntactic aspects but also semantic, pragmatic and contextual ones. Next to the prototypical conditional and concessive clauses, two further, peripheral categories will be presented: the pseudo-conditionals and the concessive conditionals. For the history of Judeo-Spanish, the mentioned decades are characterized by processes of expanding and modernizing the language. This development is primarily influenced by the contact with French and Italian and can not only be observed in the lexicon but also in syntactic structures such as the conditional and concessive clauses.La condicionalidad y la concesividad constituyen dos categorías lingüísticas estrechamente relacionadas, que hasta el momento apenas se han estudiado en judeoespañol. A esta laguna desea contribuir el presente trabajo, cuyo objetivo principal es ofrecer una síntesis acerca de los mecanismos de expresión condicional y concesiva en textos sefardíes de los años 1880 a 1930. El estudio toma en consideración tanto aspectos sintáctico-formales como semántico-pragmáticos y contextuales. Aparte de las oraciones condicionales y concesivas prototípicas, asimismo se presentan dos categorías periféricas: las oraciones pseudocondicionales y las condicionales concesivas. Para la historia del judeoespañol, las décadas señaladas se caracterizan por profundos procesos de elaboración lingüística con el fin de ampliar y modernizar la lengua. Dicha elaboración ante todo se nutrió de los contactos con el francés y el italiano y, aunque donde más se hace notar es en el léxico, también halla su reflejo en la sintaxis, así por ejemplo, en las construcciones condicionales y concesivas.

This work studies the grammaticalization process of the counter-argumentative connector noresmenys from its origin as a quantifying adverb to the current value of concessive discourse marker, from the 13th to the 18th century. Within the framework of Cognitive Grammar, especially of Grammaticalization Theory and of the latest contributions around Construction Grammar, we explain the evolution of the concessive connector, paying special attention to the Theory of Argumentation and the dynamics of the Theory of Intersubjectification. With a vision of language and language change rooted in use, in this case, metadiscursive use, we carry out a revision of the conceptual sources and values of noresmenys documented in legal, administrative, epistolary and religious Catalan texts. Aquest estudi s’ha dut a terme a l’Institut Superior d’Investigació Cooperativa IVITRA [ISIC-IVITRA] de la Generalitat Valenciana (Programa per a la Constitució i Acreditació d’Instituts Superiors d’Investigació Cooperativa d’Excel∙lència, Ref. ISIC/012/042), i en el marc dels projectes de recerca següents: “Gramàtica del Català Modern (1601–1834)” (MINECO, Ref. FFI2012-37103); “Continuación de la Gramática del Catalán Moderno (1601–1834)” (MINECO/FEDER, Ref. FFI2015-69694-P); “Constitució d’un corpus textual per a una gramàtica del català modern (Gcm)” (IEC, Ref. PT 2012-S04-MARTINES; IEC1-15X); Digicotracam (Programa PROMETEU per a Grups d’Investigació en I+D d’Excel∙lència, Generalitat Valenciana, Ref. PROMETEOII-2014-018), finançat amb fons FEDER de la UE; i el Grup d’Investigació en Tecnologia Educativa en Història de la Cultura, Diacronia lingüística i Traducció (Universitat d’Alacant, Ref. GITE-09009-UA]).

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo In a functional perspective combined to the cognitive perspective of mental spaces, this study focuses on language use as a guidepost to the structure of human conceptual system. the main goal of this research is to verify how grammatical relations are held within the adverbial zone of causalities and, based on that, configure the mental spaces network evoked by these constructions. the specific goals of this project are verifying and analyzing: a) the conceptual connection between the categories of cause and concession; b) the linguistic elements in the construal of the connective and its mental spaces configuration; c) the usage of connectives relative to conceptual domains (content, epistemic, speech act and metalinguistic); d) the usage of tense and mood related to specific connectives and how these categories configure mental spaces; e) the order in these adverbial constructions. based on the list provided by neves (2000), it were selected three adverbial conjunctions in each domain: in the causal domain, já que, uma vez que and visto que; in the concessive domain, ainda que, mesmo que, se bem que. in this study, the corpus came from spoken and written language data available at corpus do português. the analyses considered the following points: (i) the morphosemantic nature of the causal and concessive connectives; (ii) the order of the clauses in the adverbial constructions; (iii) the tense and mood correlations in these constructions; (iv) the presence of traits of (inter)subjectivity in these constructions. these analyses converged on the main hypothesis that the connective used to express causality or concessivity particularizes the relation between adverbial and matrix clause. Regarding specific goals, it was found that: a) the conceptual connection between causality and concessivity lies in more fundamental notions of force dynamics; b) the lexical base of the connectives bears relation to categorial properties of causality and concessivity; c) the connectives show preference for conceptual domains, even though they are pragmatically ambiguous; d) the tense and mood correlations concessive and causal constructions serve to more general functions of signaling epistemic stance and mental spaces embedding; e) the order in these constructions is motived and constrained by the sematic and discursive functions of the adverbial clause. this study revealed that structural complexity in these constructions is a consequence of their semantic and pragmatic complexity with respect to their semantic-pragmatic functions in discourse and with respect to the mental spaces network configuration. Numa perspectiva funcionalista que se combina à perspectiva cognitivista dos espaços mentais, o estudo se dirige à língua em uso como guia para estrutura do sistema conceptual humano. o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é verificar, dentro da zona adverbial de causalidade-condicionalidade-concessividade, como se manifestam no português brasileiro as relações gramaticais, e, a partir daí, configurar a contraparte da rede dos espaços mentais estabelecida nesse território. os objetivos específicos são verificar e interpretar: a) a ligação conceptual das categorias de causa e concessão; b) a materialidade linguística dos juntivos e sua pré-configuração de espaços mentais; c) o uso dos elementos juntivos nos diferentes domínio conceptuais (conteúdo, epistêmico, atos de fala e metalinguístico); d) o uso dos tempos e modos verbais específicos aos juntivos e a configuração da rede de espaços mentais por eles estabelecida; e) a ordenação dos segmentos nas construções adverbiais e a configuração da rede de espaços mentais por eles estabelecida. a partir da lista de itens juntivos apresentada em neves (2000) foram selecionados três itens juntivos de cada relação: entre os causais se analisaram já que, uma vez que e visto que; entre os concessivos, se analisaram ainda que, mesmo que e se bem que. neste estudo, foram considerados dados de língua escrita e de língua falada coletados no banco de dados do corpus do português. as análises abrangeram os pontos de investigação propostos: (i) a natureza morfossemântica dos itens juntivos causais e dos itens juntivos concessivos; (ii) a ordenação dos segmentos adverbiais em relação aos segmentos nucleares; (iii) a correlação entre tempo e modo dos verbos nessas construções adverbiais; (iv) a presença de traços de (inter)subjetividade nas construções adverbiais de causa e de concessão. o encaminhamento das análises, a partir dos objetivos traçados, convergiu na hipótese central de que o item juntivo utilizado na explicitação das relações adverbiais particulariza a relação entre o segmento nuclear e o segmento adverbial. quanto aos objetivos específicos, verificou-se que: a) a ligação conceptual entre causalidade e concessividade se explica a partir das noções do sistema cognitivo de dinâmica de forças; b) a base lexical dos itens juntivos, ligada às propriedades das categorias de causa e de concessividade; c) esses itens mostraram uma preferência por domínios específicos, ainda que os itens juntivos sejam pragmaticamente ambíguos por ocorrerem nos diversos domínios conceptuais; d) a correlação modo-temporal nas construções causais e concessivas tem as funções mais gerais de tanto marcar a postura epistêmica do falante como de marcar o encaixamento e a hierarquia dos espaços mentais ativados; e) a ordem nas construções causais e concessivas é motivada pela função semântica e pela função pragmática exercidas pelos segmentos adverbiais. O estudo revelou que a complexidade estrutural dessas construções é um reflexo de sua complexidade semântica e pragmática quanto às funções semântico-discursivas que essas construções exercem no discurso e quanto à configuração dos espaços mentais elaborados, construídos e evocados por elas.

El presente artículo parte de varias premisas. En primer lugar que la lengua oral es el escenario en el que se produce un mayor número de expresiones concesivas con diferencia respecto a la lengua escrita; como consecuencia, la concesión presenta una estructura sintáctica de tres miembros (argumento, reconocimiento y contraargumento) en lugar de un esquema bimembre (enunciado principal y subordinado); por último, el elemento más importante de la nueva estructura concesiva es el acto de reconocimiento. A partir de estas consideraciones, y con la ayuda del corpus SCHALL, se analizan las distintas formas más recurrentes en las que el reconocimiento es representado como acto más característico de la concesión dialógica. This article takes for granted several premises. In the first place, oral language is the place where most expressions of concessions are found in comparison to written language. As a result, the structure of the concession shows a syntactic structure of three parts (argument, acknowledgment and counter-argument) instead of a two parts structure (main and subordinate clause/statement); and finally, the most important part of the new concessive structure is the speech act of acknowledgment. Taking into account these facts, we will analyze, with the help of SCHALL corpus, the different structures of the most common utterances in which the act of acknowledgment is present in conversation.