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La contención mecánica es un método ampliamente utilizado en servicios de salud mental, que se debe usar como último recurso cuando otras intervenciones no han sido efectivas en pacientes en estado de agitación psicomotora y conductas hetero y autolesivas. Dicha práctica muchas veces suele ser coercitiva o agresiva, y es realizada en pacientes que, en muchos casos, resulta difícil la evaluación de su competencia para la toma de decisiones; como por ejemplo los pacientes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), quienes son especialmente susceptibles a que su autonomía y su dignidad sean vulnerados frente a estas situaciones. Esto genera conflictos de valores que se deben resolver. Por tal razón, en este ensayo interpretativo caso tipo se utiliza el método deliberativo de Diego Gracia, pertinente para resolver una situación en la que la dignidad y la autonomía de un paciente con TEA pueden verse vulnerados, con el fin de que sean llevadas a cabo acciones terapéuticas que favorezcan al paciente con TEA, a su familiar y el desempeño de los equipos de salud que se ven involucrados. Los cursos de acción obtenidos se convierten en una propuesta para el mejoramiento en la toma de decisiones éticas frente a conflictos de valores bioéticos presentes en el cuidado y tratamiento de pacientes con TEA. Magíster en Bioética Maestría Mechanical restraint is a method widely used in mental health services, which should be used as a last resort when other interventions have not been effective in patients in a state of psychomotor agitation and hetero and self-injurious behaviors. This practice is often coercive or aggressive, and is performed in patients who, in many cases, it is difficult to assess their competence for decision-making; such as, for example, patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), who are especially susceptible to their autonomy and dignity being violated in these situations. This creates value conflicts that must be resolved. For this reason, in this interpretive test case, the deliberative method of Diego Gracia is used, pertinent to solve a situation in which the dignity and autonomy of a patient with ASD can be violated, in order to be carried out therapeutic actions that favor the patient with ASD, their family member and the performance of the health teams that are involved. The courses of action obtained become a proposal for the improvement in ethical decision-making in the face of conflicts of bioethical values ​​present in the care and treatment of patients with ASD.

Many conservation conflicts are scientifically complex yet are rooted in value conflicts, which result in an impasse. Additional biological information alone is insufficient to resolve this type of conflict. Conceptual models that articulate the material aspects of a system are increasingly used to identify areas where parties disagree. Yet, modeling processes typically follow the conveners’ rules for discussing and assessing the topic, which can exacerbate conflict. Researchers have identified a need for processes that require participants to reflect on the limits of their own philosophical assumptions and acknowledge other perspectives. Cultural models are a promising tool for this purpose because they include nonmaterial beliefs, morals, and values that guide people's understanding of how to interact with an issue, sometimes subconsciously. We explored how cultural models used with conceptual models can improve understanding of value conflicts and used outdoor cat management as a case study. We conducted interviews and focus group discussions with wildlife conservation and cat welfare professionals involved in outdoor cat policy discussions in Hawaii and Washington, D.C. From these conversations, we developed a conceptual model of the outdoor cat management system and cultural models that led stakeholders to weigh elements of the conceptual model differently. Although wildlife conservation professionals generally spoke about outdoor cats as invasive species, cat welfare professionals spoke about them as homeless pets. These conflicting conceptualizations of what an outdoor cat is may help explain the root of many long‐standing disagreements. Examining how and when stakeholders invoke different cultural models allowed us to identify management actions that work with, rather than challenge, those models. Dialogue that embraces conflicting cultural models can be difficult and uncomfortable, but has great potential to overcome conservation impasse and achieve lasting conservation results., Article impact statement: Understanding unstated yet conflicting cultural models of cats as invasive species versus homeless pets can transform conservation conflicts.

La empresa que me propongo es rehacer y presentar de forma crítica los principales dispositivos metodológicos del Liberalismo político de John Rawls que sustentan la incursión del consenso entrecruzado en aras de asegurar, en términos políticos, la justicia social aplicada a las sociedades democráticas contemporáneas, para mostrar sus falencias conceptuales ante la confrontación con situaciones del mundo real al que pertenecen las doctrinas comprehensivas razonables, y para evidenciar tres cosas: a) el psicologismo de la teoría que reduce a los individuos de las doctrinas comprehensivas a un olvido procedimental inhumano de sus facticidades históricas que los determinan, constituyen y les confieren sentido e identidad; b) lo injusto del consenso entrecruzado que se plantea a espaldas de las doctrinas y a expensas de sus procesos históricos de dominación y lucha por el reconocimiento; c) el poco alcance de sus constructos metodológicos aplicados al mundo real que, al confrontarlos con las realidades de las doctrinas comprehensivas, adolecen de una justificación práctica, de modo que el liberalismo se expresaría como una tradición más en pugna con éstas. The aim of the paper is to reconstruct and present in a critical perspective the main methodological devices of John Rawls' Political Liberalism, which introduces the idea of the overlapped consensus as a way to guarantee, in a political sense, social justice within contemporary democratic societies. Those methodological devices are presented in order to reveal their conceptual failures when contrasted with real world situations and to indicate three elements: a) the psychologism of the theory which reduces the individuals of the comprehensive doctrines to an inhuman procedural forgetting of the historical facticity that defines them and provides them with meaning and identity; b) how unfair the overlapped consensus might be, considering that it is developed without taking into account the doctrines and at the expenses of the historical processes for power and struggles for recognition of such doctrines; iii) the limited reach of the methodological devices when applied to the real world, i.e., that when those devices are faced with the realities of the doctrines they lack practical justification. Because of that, liberalism should be considered as another tradition which struggles with the doctrines. O empreendimento que me proponho é refazer e apresentar de forma crítica os principais dispositivos metodológicos do Liberalismo político de John Rawls, que sustentam a incursão do consenso entrecruzado com o interesse de assegurar, em termos políticos, a justiça social aplicada às sociedades democráticas contemporâneas, para mostrar suas falências conceituais diante da confrontação com situações do mundo real, ao qual pertencem as doutrinas compreensivas razoáveis, e para evidenciar três coisas: a) o psicologismo da teoria que reduz os indivíduos das doutrinas compreensivas a um esquecimento procedimental inumano das facticidades históricas que os determinam, constituem e lhes conferem sentido e identidade; b) o injusto do consenso entrecruzado que se levanta por trás das doutrinas e à custa de seus processos históricos de dominação e luta pelo reconhecimento; c) o pouco alcance de suas estruturas metodológicas aplicadas ao mundo real que, ao confrontá-las com as realidades das doutrinas compreensivas, padecem de uma justificação prática, de modo que o liberalismo se expressaria como uma tradição mas em choque com estas.

Los valores que dan contenido a la sociedad del conocimiento chocan a menudo con las limitaciones de un marco conceptual en materia de propiedad intelectual y derechos de autor que se remonta al contexto tecnológico de la primera mitad del siglo XX. En el debate sobre las biotecnologías y el acceso a los medicamentos esenciales, p.ej., las limitaciones e instrumentalizaciones abusivas del sistema de patentes son temas recurrentes. Las muchas perspectivas e intereses involucrados aseguran un escenario en conflicto permanente, donde cualquier posible evolución del marco normativo resultará insatisfactoria para la mayoría. Este dominio de debate se ve condicionado por la evolución asimétrica producida en la estimación de los fines sociales que deberían inspirar toda normativa sobre derechos de propiedad industrial y las iniciativas orientadas a garantizar el acceso al conocimiento de dominio público., The values that shape the knowledge society often clash with the limitations of a conceptual framework for intellectual property and authorial rights belonging to a technological context from the first half of the 20th century. In the debate on biotechnologies and access to essential medicines, the abusive limitations and instruments of the patent system, for example, are recurring themes. The many perspectives and interests involved ensure a scenario in permanent conflict, where any possible evolution of the normative framework would prove unsatisfactory for the majority. This sphere of debate is conditioned by the asymmetrical evolution caused by the estimation of the social ends that must underlie all guidelines on industrial ownership rights and initiatives oriented to guarantee access to knowledge of the public domain., Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada

El presente artículo aborda las relaciones conflictivas entre escritores, en particular, novelistas, y política, centrándose en una época, la época de las dos guerras mundiales y las correspondientes postguerras, en la que una parte importante de ellos participaron de lleno en la política, si bien otros prefirieron mantenerse alejados de ella porque su concepción romántica del arte y su identidad artística les llevaba a despreciar el mundanal reino de la política. En concreto, el objetivo del estudio es examinar las “afinidades electivas” entre una determinada concepción e identidad artística y la actitud del escritor hacia la política a través de siete casos (todos ellos escritores europeos muy conocidos), divididos en dos grandes grupos, que ejemplifican distintas posturas hacia la política y distintas repuestas ante los conflictos originados por la colisión entre valores y lealtades contrapuestos. The present paper tackles the conflictive relationship between writers, namely, novelists, and politics, focusing on a period, that of the two world wars and the their postwar years, in which a good number of them took part wholeheartedly in politics, although there was another group who preferred to remain disengaged, because their romantic conception of art and their artistic identity led them to despise the mundane realm of politics. In short, the purpose of this article is to examine the “elective affinities” between an specific artistic conception and identity and the attitude of the writer to politics through the study of seven cases (all of them well-known european writers), divided into two groups that illustrate different to positions and different responses to the conflics generated by the collision between opposing values and loyalties.

El trabajo pretende justificar, a partir de una argumentación epistemológica, la propuesta de fundamentar filosóficamente la ética profesional del Trabajo Social desde la ética social y ciudadana. Describe el estatuto objetivo de la profesión y las principales contradicciones que, en el ejercicio de la misma, se producen entre sistemas de valores o de normas. En grandes líneas se trabaja el concepto de ciudadanía, particularmente de la ciudadanía social, y se enuncian los valores y virtudes de la ética ciudadana. Se demuestra que la adopción de la ética ciudadana como fundamentación de la ética profesional del Trabajo Social haría posible la superación de las contradicciones descriptas. El Trabajo Social aparece entonces prefigurado como una profesión con rasgos ético-políticos al servicio del valor de la justicia social. The work tries to justify, from an epistemologic argumentation, the proposal philosophically to base the professional ethics of the Social Work from the social and citizen ethics. It describes to the objective statute of the profession and the main contradictions that, in the exercise of the same one, take place between systems of values or norms. In great lines the citizenship concept works, particularly of the social cicizenship, and the values and virtues of the cicizen ethics are enunciated. One demonstrates that the adoption of the citizen ethics as support of the professional ethics of the Social Work would make the overcoming possible of the contradictions you decipher. The Social Work appears then imagined like a profession with ethicalpolitical characteristics to the service of the value of social justice. Fil: Fóscolo, Norma. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales