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Nutrients are essential for the growth of aquatic life; however, in excess, they can result in a decline in water quality, posing serious risks to both human and aquatic organisms. Human activities, such as urbanisation, industry, and farming, can increase the amount of nutrients and other elements that reach receiving waterbodies like Lake Victoria in Uganda, which can be problematic at elevated levels. There is therefore a strong need to evaluate recent changes in pollutant concentrations and their potential negative effects. To contribute to this gap and to explore the pollutant changes in Lake Victoria, a series of water chemistry data (phosphate, nitrate, potassium, ammonium, sodium, sulphate, silica and chlorine) was collected between 2016 and 2023 in Uganda's Napoleon Gulf (NG) and Murchison Bay (MB), primarily by the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE). These locations were chosen based on their vicinity to expanding urban centres and agriculture, and they are also areas where fishing frequently occurs. The datasets were collected at different water depths (0.5–24 m). Data were analysed with the use of IBM's Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 28.0) software and confirmed the excessive concentrations of pollutants within MB compared to NG. The analysis identified the different nutrient types that exceeded internationally recognised thresholds relating to acceptable water quality during the data collection period. Seasonal variations were observed, during the dry season; nutrient levels, however, in NG showed higher nutrient concentrations during the wet season. The study's capacity to inform local authorities and policymakers about such potential major sources of pollution is of crucial importance for beginning to address the potential impacts on human health and aquatic life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teacher absenteeism has high individual and societal costs and triggers a vicious cycle by increasing teacher absenteeism for the remaining teachers. Moreover, teachers' non-attendance disrupts the learning process and affects student motivation and achievement. Teacher absenteeism further exacerbates the increasing teacher shortage observed in many countries. This paper provides a systematic literature review of studies analysing teacher absenteeism and develops a conceptual model of the predictors of teacher non-attendance at school. Our findings provide a nuanced and overarching approach to analysing teacher non-attendance at work, revealing the most significant correlates to absenteeism and exposing the consequences of educator absences on student achievement. Finally, several concrete policy implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What are the impacts of migration on those directly involved in it: those who stay and those who leave? The deceptive simplicity of this question becomes obvious once we look at the diverse and mutually contradictory empirical answers it has received. On the basis of Web of Science data, we provide a mapping of existing studies on migration's impacts, which reveals a clearly pronounced modularity between different disciplines and theoretical approaches, with psychological studies on migrants' mental health, political science studies of remittances, and economic studies on labour market impacts, for example, often speaking at cross-purposes and not engaging in a meaningful dialogue. To reconcile available evidence and bridge the gap between different disciplines and approaches, in this Special Issue, we put forward the concept of co-agency that underlines the dynamic, relational, co-constructed, and co-performed nature of migration and its impacts. The concept of co-agency draws attention not to what happens to actors involved in migration, but on what they attain, what they perform, ultimately: what they do through migration. Furthermore, co-agency emphasises what actors involved in migration – both those who leave and those who stay behind – do together, rejecting a distinction between migrants as active and those staying behind as simply passive recipients of remittances, development, etc. Focusing on the co-agency of a wide variety of actors – both individual and collective, our conceptual approach emphasises the need to study the interplay between simultaneous impacts of co-agency in migration – including, but not limited to, health impacts on individuals, care-provision impacts on families, and development and policy impacts on states as collective actors. Ultimately, rather than promoting migration-pessimism or migration-optimism, we argue for a nuanced multi-level understanding of the complex interacting impacts of co-agency in migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare diseases are usually complex syndromes, which sometimes cause extensive functional impairments affecting everyday life. The number of rare diseases and of people having one is increasing. Children with rare diseases often display special education needs and require support and adapted pedagogical methods to participate and achieve academic goals. The aim of this paper is to present a holistic educational working method for creating optimal settings for children with rare diseases, taking the dynamic interaction of biological and contextual factors into consideration and applicable to most rare diseases. It is based on over 20 years of practical implementation of a strategy for meeting the needs of children with rare diseases and their families. A research review about education for children with rare diseases, published between 2017 and 2021 is also presented. The results show that rare diseases often have educational consequences and that a holistic educational method, applicable to most rare diseases, is needed, but lacking. To contribute to a high-quality inclusive education teachers must understand how the origin of needs, including medical facts, their consequences and appropriate adjustments are closely linked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review addressed the issue of the abuse and neglect of older women (age 60 and over) in rural and remote areas, examining these phenomena's prevalence, risk and protective factors, consequences, and associated perceptions. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and the Arksey and O'Malley methodological framework, peer-reviewed articles published until September 2023 were identified in six electronic databases. Out of the manuscripts initially identified (n = 219), 28 articles met the selection criteria. The study's quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The included studies provided a comprehensive overview of this phenomenon, encompassing data from 6,579 older rural women. Prevalence rates of abuse and neglect exhibited wide variability, with an average of 27.3%. Among the risk factors, financial dependence and incapacity stood out, while higher income and education levels were protective factors, among others. Emotional/psychological abuse emerged as the most common form, with significant impacts on older women's physical and mental health. Cultural norms and gender expectations also influenced perceptions of abuse and victims' coping mechanisms. In a context in which access to specialized resources and services is hampered by significant limitations, community awareness and education prove vital to address this issue, which positions social work as key to addressing these challenges. The prevalence of abuse against older rural women is significant. Emotional abuse stands out as a major issue, underscoring the need for comprehensive interventions accounting for cultural and gender factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/hypothesis: Whether hypoglycaemia increases the risk of other adverse outcomes in diabetes remains controversial, especially for hypoglycaemia episodes not requiring assistance from another person. An objective of the Hypoglycaemia REdefining SOLutions for better liVEs (Hypo-RESOLVE) project was to create and use a dataset of pooled clinical trials in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes to examine the association of exposure to all hypoglycaemia episodes across the range of severity with incident event outcomes: death, CVD, neuropathy, kidney disease, retinal disorders and depression. We also examined the change in continuous outcomes that occurred following a hypoglycaemia episode: change in eGFR, HbA1c, blood glucose, blood glucose variability and weight. Methods: Data from 84 trials with 39,373 participants were pooled. For event outcomes, time-updated Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration and HbA1c were fitted to assess association between: (1) outcome and cumulative exposure to hypoglycaemia episodes; and (2) outcomes where an acute effect might be expected (i.e. death, acute CVD, retinal disorders) and any hypoglycaemia exposure within the last 10 days. Exposures to any hypoglycaemia episode and to episodes of given severity (levels 1, 2 and 3) were examined. Further adjustment was then made for a wider set of potential confounders. The within-person change in continuous outcomes was also summarised (median of 40.4 weeks for type 1 diabetes and 26 weeks for type 2 diabetes). Analyses were conducted separately by type of diabetes. Results: The maximally adjusted association analysis for type 1 diabetes found that cumulative exposure to hypoglycaemia episodes of any level was associated with higher risks of neuropathy, kidney disease, retinal disorders and depression, with risk ratios ranging from 1.55 (p=0.002) to 2.81 (p=0.002). Associations of a similar direction were found when level 1 episodes were examined separately but were significant for depression only. For type 2 diabetes cumulative exposure to hypoglycaemia episodes of any level was associated with higher risks of death, acute CVD, kidney disease, retinal disorders and depression, with risk ratios ranging from 2.35 (p<0.0001) to 3.00 (p<0.0001). These associations remained significant when level 1 episodes were examined separately. There was evidence of an association between hypoglycaemia episodes of any kind in the previous 10 days and death, acute CVD and retinal disorders in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, with rate ratios ranging from 1.32 (p=0.017) to 2.68 (p<0.0001). These associations varied in magnitude and significance when examined separately by hypoglycaemia level. Within the range of hypoglycaemia defined by levels 1, 2 and 3, we could not find any evidence of a threshold at which risk of these consequences suddenly became pronounced. Conclusions/interpretation: These data are consistent with hypoglycaemia being associated with an increased risk of adverse events across several body systems in diabetes. These associations are not confined to severe hypoglycaemia requiring assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Transformational leadership has emerged as a new approach in the leadership landscape and has provided the basis for creating and promoting individual and organizational effectiveness by prioritizing changes in the organization. Objective: the aim of this study is to identify the consequences of transformational leadership using meta-analysis. Research method: This research is a meta-analysis in terms of practical purpose and method. The research community included articles published in scientific and research journals on transformational leadership from 2006 to the spring of 2022, of which 95 entered the meta-analysis process using a targeted non-random sampling method as an example. The research was analyzed using CMA2 software. Findings: The findings showed that among the consequences of transformational leadership 0.19% had an effect of less than 0.3; 0.31% had an effect between 0.3 and 0.5; and 0.50% had a high effect of 0.5.. The results also showed that among the consequences of transformational leadership, the variables of work attachment (0.962), job satisfaction (0.860), job performance (0.825) and structural empowerment (0.820) had large effects, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, transformational leadership, as a leadership style, has specific consequences and impacts on many individual and organizational variables and should be considered by managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What happens when actors in social movements (SMs) fail to achieve their goals? Written against the general tendency in current scholarship, this article examines the case of the actors in the Rif Hirak activism, which emerged in northern Morocco following the tragic death of a fishmonger in the port of the city of Al Hoceima, to probe the impact of collective action on actors in SMs. To achieve this purpose, this article is twofold: First, it examines the link between repression and emigration. Second, based on online interview data gathered from a small sample of Hirak activists (n = 13), the article argues that, as the Hirak waned; the Rif activists resorted to emigration as a means to express political discontent and alternatively resist government repression. This demonstrates that a combination of factors intersect to justify protesters’ decision to emigrate. These intersecting factors include: (a) the threat of arrest and torture, (b) family pressure, (c) distrust in the state, (d) frustration with the lack of economic opportunities in the Rif, and (e) disappointment at the ability of the movement to bring about change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Border control officers must decide whether passport images match their holders. In previous research on passport verification most participants have been more willing to report nonmatching passports than is likely to occur in practice. We designed an experimental paradigm to increase participants' motivation to avoid these types of errors in passport verification. Participants decided whether passport photographs matched ambient photographs of passport holders. Most passports matched their holders and nonmatching passports were rare. All participants received feedback on their passport verification decisions, and an experimental group also received a time‐consuming consequence if they made an error. Relative to the control condition that only received feedback, consequences were effective in reducing mistaken accusations of nonmatching passports. Consequences also increased the miss rate for nonmatching passports, but the increase in misses over the control condition was not significant. We conclude that consequences can make participants behave more like real border control officers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counterterrorism (CT) policies are a primary subject in security studies. However, the consequences of their implementation on the socio-cultural milieu of the local populations are rarely explored, particularly in the context of the Global South. This study examines the effect of CT policies on the socio-cultural and socio-political transformation of Tribal Districts in Pakistan. Like many other countries, Pakistan has approached countering terrorism in the post-9/11 era through the adoption of a war model, which has led to a number of serious consequences for the local population in conflict-affected areas. The study relies on original interview data with hard-to-access informants from the Tribal Districts of Pakistan to reveal the previously underexplored impacts of CT policies and military operations. These impacts are termed "side effects" and are socially perceived as either positive or negative. This study postulates that these "side effects" of CT policies have resulted in a number of far-reaching socio-cultural and political transformation of the conflict-ridden regions of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BIM (Building Information Modeling) methodology has established itself as an essential tool in the construction industry. Despite this, in Ecuador, the use of BIM is lagging, and although there are some initiatives in private companies, its use is still limited. The purpose of this research is to identify the consequences of cost and time in construction projects due to the low level of use of BIM methodology in 30 projects of private companies in Ecuador. To achieve this, the BUA (BIM Use Assessment) tool was used to evaluate the level of BIM use in each project during the planning and design phases. Subsequently, cost and schedule data were collected for the evaluated projects. The results show that the main consequences of the low level of BIM usage are associated with the increase in cost and schedule. It is concluded that promoting the use of BIM is essential to improve the performance of the construction industry in Ecuador. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This research aims to provide an overview of the consequences of undiagnosed nonadherence (noninitiation, suboptimal implementation, nonpersistence) in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Methods: This research was conducted by combining a literature review and qualitative semistructured interviews with key opinion leaders. Based on this groundwork, the consequences of undiagnosed nonadherence in RCTs were summarized and reported in a figure. This study focused on phases II, III and post‐marketing in ambulatory settings across a variety of therapeutic areas and indications. Results: Various consequences of nonadherence in RCTs were investigated. In phase II, drug efficacy may be underestimated, variability in the outcomes may be high and a distorted picture of side effects could be reported, resulting in an uncertain impression of the investigational product's profile and complicating decision‐making. The sponsor may need to increase the sample size of the upcoming phase III study to improve its power, representing additional costs, or even terminate the study. In phase III, similar phenomena may be observed, making demonstration of efficacy to the regulatory bodies more difficult. Lastly, after commercialization, a distortion in pharmacometrics may occur: the drug may underperform, prescriptions may be refilled less often than expected or extra expenses may be incurred by the payers. This can result in post‐marketing dose reduction, new competitors coming into the market and, eventually, product withdrawal. Conclusions: This research highlighted the many potential adverse consequences of undiagnosed nonadherence in RCTs, including additional costs. Collecting accurate data appeared to be crucial for decision‐making throughout the drug development process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-scale war forced millions of Ukrainians to leave their homes in search of safety. The mass displacement of the population led to an increase in the level of uncertainty and raised risks for both individuals and the whole of society. This article aims to assess the scale of internal migration in Ukraine during the war and to investigate the impact of this phenomenon on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the labor potential and the possibilities of its use. Our assessment of the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs), and our examination of the state of their adaptation and integration in the new territories of residence are based on administrative data about the registration of citizens as IDPs provided by social services as well as the surveys and research findings by international organizations and domestic sociological institutions. We present an overview of individual challenges and risks raised by the forced displacement of the population, and highlight the specific features of their manifestation. In particular, we single out an increase in the demographic burden, a decrease in the number of people of reproductive age, a reduction in the number of jobs, an increase in the burden on the budget, a drop in labor productivity, a loss or reduction in the income of a large part of the population, a limit of access to quality social services, as well as unemployment, deterioration of the quality of employment, increased social vulnerability, and weakening of social cohesion. Risks increase the probability of negative changes that lead to uncertainty, deterioration of the demographic situation, weakening of the stability of the economy, decline in the level and quality of life of the population, deepening of social inequality, growth of social tension, decline in the consumption capacity of the population, complete or partial loss of social ties and jobs. We offer recommendations regarding priorities and specific measures of the national state policy aimed at avoiding risks and minimizing their possible consequences. The implementation of this policy should be focused on establishing legal, economic, and institutional frameworks for easing tensions in the areas of material security and employment, improving the demographic situation as well as the quality and availability of social services, and improving living conditions.

Purpose – The current study aims to propose and empirically investigate a conceptual model of the most relevant antecedents and consequences of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) attribution, thus providing a practical and concise model as well as examining brand attachment as a mediator explaining the relationship between CSR attribution and its consequences. Design/methodology/approach – A between-subjects experimental design was employed. The study included two experimental conditions; intrinsic and extrinsic CSR attribution and a control condition. An online self-administered survey was utilised for data collection. The sample was a convenience sample of 336 university students. Both one-way between-groups ANOVA and Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) were utilised for hypotheses testing. Findings – The most significant antecedents of CSR attribution in order of importance are the firm's approach to CSR communication, past corporate social performance, CSR type and the firm's call for customers' participation in its CSR. CSR attribution exerted a significant direct positive impact on brand attachment and trust. Three significant indirect consequences of CSR attribution were PWOM intention, purchase intention and brand loyalty intention. Whereas trust played a significant mediating role between CSR attribution and its three indirect consequences, brand attachment exerted significant mediation only between CSR attribution and brand loyalty intention. Brand attachment might mediate the relationship between CSR attribution and purchase intention. However, brand attachment failed to play a mediating role between CSR attribution and PWOM intention. Originality/value – Several studies marginally investigated CSR attribution. Despite the vital role of CSR attribution in how consumers receive firms' CSR engagement, the availability of CSR attribution-centric studies is limited. By introducing a model of the most relevant antecedents and consequences of CSR attribution, this study aids in understanding the psychological mechanism underlying consumers' CSR attribution and provides valuable implications.

The article analyzes the causes and consequences of the post-Soviet breakdown of economic ties between Russia and Africa. The post-Soviet period (since 1991) has led to a breakdown of economic ties between them. It means that trade, investment, and other forms of economic cooperation between the two sides have been significantly reduced or stopped completely. After the collapse of the Soviet Union at the initiative of Mikhail Gorbachev, Africa really became a “non-subject” for diplomats and military personnel stationed in the region, and some economic actors witnessed Moscow’s first initiatives. It was only in early 2018, on the occasion of the arrival of the first shipments of Russian weapons and dozens of “advisers” from Moscow in Bangui, that the French media learned of Russia’s “great comeback” in Africa. This Central African prism powerfully shaped perceptions in Paris: Russian involvement would be a new phenomenon echoing the confrontation between East and West, and Central Africa would be a crucial link in a grand strategy on a continental scale, where Russia would be on its way to establishing itself as a major player. The severing of economic ties between Russia and Africa has negative consequences for both regions, including reduced trade, investment, and political influence, and Russia’s lack of resources and changing political priorities since the collapse of the Soviet Union are the main reasons for it.

Background: Virtual education has become essential during the COVID-19 pandemic, covering all subjects and educational levels. It is still widely used in cases where face-to-face education is not possible. This study aimed to investigate the parents’ lived experiences of virtual educations’ consequences on first-grade elementary students.Methods: This study is based on a qualitative approach and a descriptive phenomenology method to examine the lived experiences of parents during the 2021-2022 academic year. The lived experiences of 14 parents of first-grade students in Urmia City, Iran, have been investigated using one focus group interview and 15 individual semi-structured interviews. The selection of the participants was made using purposeful sampling methods of intensity cases and snowball. The research data's reliability was assessed according to Lincoln and Guba's criteria, with review methods conducted by 10 participating individuals and four non-participating experts. The data analysis was done based on Colaizzi’s strategy.Results: Upon conducting the data analysis, 56 codes with two main concepts concerning the consequences of virtual education and seven main themes were found. The educational concepts were included (Teacher: 9 codes, classroom: 13 codes, educational evaluation: 5 codes, and supplementary activities: 6 codes), and contextual concepts included (Individual: 9 codes, Family: 9 codes, and Social: 5 codes).Conclusion: Considering the implications of virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the emerging challenges that educational institutions are confronting. This emphasizes the critical need for well-designed programs that address the resultant consequences and challenges effectively.

Migration, a complex international phenomenon of amplitude, a factor in stimulating the globalization of markets, is a social process that has deeply influenced and influences today's society, millions of young people of different nationalities from various countries of emigration choosing the path of migration. The migration of young people from Romania is one of the main migrations to the west of the continent, a very dynamic migration, the approach of which requires a differentiated and complex vision. Through this study, the authors want to familiarize and determine the public interested in this field, to make them aware of the significance of sociological theories on migration, its causality and the socio-economic effects, as a result of it, for any country and especially for Romania. Using statistical-mathematical methods, the study is focused on a succinct analysis of the socio-economic implications of the phenomenon of youth migration from Romania. The age groups considered in the present study are between 18- 35 years. Since 1990, the migration of young people from Romania has increased exponentially as a result of the consequences of economic constraints and the poor opportunities offered by the dynamics of economic and social life. As a result, the consequences of young people's migration from Romania are much more complex than it might seem at first glance. The work ends with the presentation of the results obtained and the conclusions drawn from the research undertaken. For Romania, the migration of young people is a great loss, in the long term their migration affects the socio-economic development capacity of Romania, causes the decrease of the total population and the loss of an important volume of labor. In fact, every action has consequences, and so does migration!

Background: Drug addiction is a social problem that affects people all over the world, Increased manufacturing, distribution, promotion, availability, and social values contribute to this issue. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the causes of substance abuse among users and its impacts. Materials and Methods: The study’s findings were derived through primary research. In-depth interviews with substance users undergoing treatment at a de-addiction center in Srinagar were carried out in June 2022–July 2022. This study included a thematic analysis of the stories of 20 participants. Results: Data gathered through participant narratives revealed personal experiences as well as common themes. A total of 3 themes emerged from the codes, the themes include (1) Initiation of substance abuse (2) Causes associated with substance abuse (3) Consequences of substance abuse. Conclusion: We conclude that the problem of substance abuse in Kashmir has assumed rising dimensions: curiosity, academic pressure, increasing economic stress, and easy accessibility are leading to initiation into substance abuse. It also reveals the harmful effects of substance abuse. Heroin is mostly used substance by abusers for the first time; substance abuse is on the rise, which is highly concerning for every member of society.

Grounded in self-determination theory, an integrative and fine-grained circumplex model, based on teachers' autonomy support, structure, control, and chaos, has been proposed. The present study aimed to examine possible differences in students' perceptions of physical education (PE) teachers' motivating and demotivating styles and the eight different approaches, respectively, regarding students' socio-demographic variables, and different affective, cognitive, and behavioral outcomes. A sample of 669 Spanish secondary students aged 12–17 years (mean age (M age) = 14.65; standard deviation (SD) = 1.47; 52% girls) participated in this cross-sectional study. Boys reported significantly higher values in the chaotic style and the domineering approach than girls. Second- and third-cycle students (Year 10, Year 11, and Year 12) reported significantly higher values in autonomy-supportive and structuring styles, and significantly lower values in the domineering approach than first-cycle students (Year 8 and Year 9). Second-cycle students (Year 10 and Year 11) reported significantly higher values in the demanding approach than first-cycle students (Year 8 and Year 9). Third-cycle students (Year 12) reported significantly lower values in the awaiting approach than the first-cycle students (Year 8 and Year 9). Finally, as a whole, students who reported positive experiences in PE, high learning, and high intention to participate in physical activity reported significantly higher values in autonomy-supportive and structuring styles, as well as the demanding approach, and significantly lower values in the chaotic style. The results highlight the importance of PE teachers adopting motivating styles and avoiding demotivating styles, especially with boys and lower grade levels, to promote meaningful experiences in PE and an active lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapidly developing coronavirus pandemic’s footprint requires a deeper investigation in terms of the consequences on the business environment. The literature on this subject is vast, as confirmed by the present work, the unprecedented health situation creating the conditions for studies, analyses and syntheses related to the specific framework created by the crisis with resounding effects on the economic world. Highlighting how the pandemic situation has affected the legal position of enterprises, in terms of insolvency, dissolution, deregistration, etc., is the primary goal of the research on the repercussions of the pandemic wave on the entrepreneurial environment. In addition, we want to quickly discuss the level of interest that academics have in the topic, which is a crucial component in understanding the mechanisms underlying the events and their substance. The methods of analysis of the main topic define the methodology of scientific research, being represented by specific research techniques such as literature review, analysis, synthesis and specific means of bibliometrics. Overall, the coronavirus pandemic is significantly affecting businesses’ legal circumstances, and researchers from all over the world are becoming interested in this issue.

Abstract Resilience in sport is growing as a topic of investigation but comparatively less focus is placed on how resilience develops in athletes. This study explored sporting resilience development in elite athletes over time using grounded theory. Participants included 10 competitive-elite athletes (5 men and women) who scored high, competing in individual/team sports from diverse cultural contexts. Experiential life-story interviews on sporting resilience development over time was conducted. Grounded theory was employed across ideation, data collection and analysis with structured methodological quality criteria to ensure rigour. Findings are synthesised into A-R-C Development Model of sporting resilience indicating that antecedent protective factors (A) enable the engine of sporting resilience (R) which through metacognition-emotion-behaviour produces consequences (C) of positive adaptation or critical adaptation failure. The emergent theory is the first comprehensive outline providing an understanding of how sporting resilience develops over time in competitive-elite athletes. Implications for developing athlete resilience for performance and mental health are discussed.

A family is an institution where a person acquires all social roles and behaviour patterns. One of the main factors destroying a family’s harmony is domestic violence. Violence against children is a relevant issue in all countries. The extent of this problem is increased by the established opinion of society that the family’s problems are only its business. They are not made public, and the family itself must solve the problems within its environment. Empirical data were analysed after conducting qualitative research based on a semi-structured interview, which allowed a better understanding of an individual, delving into her problems and clarifying the need for assistance and its importance in her personal life. Content analysis was applied after conducting the research. The research involved 8 women who experienced various punishments as a means of upbringing in childhood. The research revealed that the causes of violence against children in a close environment often do not depend on children’s behaviour or other characteristics related to them. Violent families often live below the poverty line and have alcohol addiction or other social problems. Parents are usually violent because they were abused as children, and they consider it an acceptable way of communication and parenting. The consequences of violence against children are obvious and range from low self-esteem to self-harm and suicide. Children who have experienced violence in their close environment often become abusers themselves. It has been determined that in their childhood, the respondents who participated in the research experienced all four forms of violence distinguished in the scientific literature: physical, psychological, sexual, and neglect. However, it has been revealed that the majority of the respondents did not seek help because, at the time when they were children, there was little talk about children’s rights and methods of raising children. If corporal punishment occurred, it was considered to be one of the generally used and acceptable methods of raising children.

Aim. To discuss the functional properties of melatonin which plays a key role in the expression of psychopathological disorders following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The influence of melatonin on neurochemical changes, which may lead to various mental disorders, has been analyzed. Specifically, its impact on asthenia, cognitive impairments, emotional instability, and insomnia, which are among the main symptoms accompanying TBI in the chronic phase, has been examined. The importance of studies on melatonin as a neurotransmitter and its role in the circadian rhythm regulation, which is often impaired as a consequence of TBI, has been emphasized. The mechanisms underlying these disorders may be related to dysfunction of the hypothalamus and interhemispheric interactions. Melatonin may influence the recovery processes after TBI, reducing inflammation and providing optimal conditions for tissue regeneration. It opens up new possibilities for the development of therapy aimed at reducing the impact of trauma consequences on patients. Earlier studies have also indicated the option of using melatonin as an antioxidant, which can protect brain tissue from further damage caused by recovery processes after injury. Studies on pharmacological modulation of the melatonin system could be useful for developing new methods for treatment and prevention of mental disorders associated with TBI. Examining the action of melatonin receptor antagonists and agonists can help to choose optimal treatment strategies aimed at correcting disorders arising as a result of trauma. It holds promise for faster and more complete recovery of mental health in TBI patients. Conclusions. Considering the significance of melatonin in regulation of physiological processes, further studies may enrich understanding of its role, ensuring the development of more effective treatment methods. Given the safe profile of melatonin and its availability as a supplement, supportive studies in this direction have the potential to positively impact clinical practice.

* Background Recent advancements in online gambling have significantly increased the popularity and participation in gambling activities among the general population, specifically the young generations. These changes are reshaping gambling behaviors, attracting a growing number of enthusiasts. This paper describes a dataset that maps online gambling activities among young individuals in Portugal, providing insights into their gambling prevalence, habits, behaviors, preferences, and potential antecedents and consequences of these activities. Methods A survey was conducted with a representative sample of 1,993 young people in Portugal, aged between 18 and 34, to gather data on their activities. This methodology involved a quantitative telephone survey conducted in March and April 2023, utilizing quota sampling to ensure representation across various regions. The data collection process employed Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) and involved rigorous quality control measures to ensure accuracy and reliability. Conclusion The dataset generated from this survey provides valuable insights into the patterns of online gambling activities among young Portuguese individuals. It allows researchers to explore potential risk factors, including gambling-related harm, and to understand the sociodemographic factors influencing gambling behaviors. The findings can inform interventions and policies aimed at mitigating the negative consequences of online gambling among youth.

The increasing threat of cyber-attacks on modern power systems highlights the need for a comprehensive examination through simulations. This study conducts an in-depth simulation of cyber-attacks on critical smart grid components, including smart meters, substation automation, and battery management systems, to expose and analyze potential disruptions to power system operations. We identify vulnerabilities that can lead to severe grid instabilities, such as voltage variations, system collapses, and inverter failures. Our analysis underscores the complex interactions between cyber threats and grid components, revealing how disruptions extend beyond mere load interruptions to affect the core infrastructure. We advocate for integrating established cybersecurity frameworks like NIST, ISO/IEC 27001, and IEC 62443, essential in fortifying grid stability against these dynamic threats. Our findings highlight the urgent need for continuous adaptation and enforcement of these frameworks to enhance resilience and ensure the reliability of modern power grids against cyber-attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this paper is to determine to what extent clinical research meets moral criteria. We will briefly present virtue ethics, duty ethics, utilitarian ethics, human rights theory, and end we will end with a few words about moral bioimprovement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the intrinsic and natural connection between sociology and social impact assessment, the latter often does not hold a prominent place in the academic theory and practice of sociology. This monograph aims to justify and reclaim the rightful position of social impact assessment within the sociological discipline, through the contributions of some of the most renowned international experts in this field. This introductory article reflects on the necessary mutual contribution between sociology and social impact assessment, which, through their epistemological, methodological and axiological dialogues, establish an applied working space aimed at providing solutions for real-world problems. Sociology and social impact assessment must join forces to become agents not only of knowledge production but also of improvement of the living conditions of those in situations of social vulnerability, being this an urgent task in the face of contemporary global changes and growing inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper systematically analyzes and synthesizes the literature on the determinants and consequences of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure. The study is unique in that it synthesizes based on the geographical setting of the original research. We analyzed 135 empirical studies published in Chartered Association of Business Schools (ABS) ranked journals from 1982 to 2020. The results reveal that various global, country‐specific, market‐specific, and firm‐specific factors are important in determining a firm's CSR disclosure policies. These factors are consistently relevant in both developed and developing economies. Furthermore, the synthesis shows that companies achieve various CSR disclosure‐related benefits in the form of a better reputation, enhanced financial performance, better access to external finances, better stakeholder management, and enhanced corporate accountability. In terms of theories, we observe a high heterogeneity among various studies examining the same empirical phenomenon. Based on the analysis and review results, we identify avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bargaining between husband and wife is reflective of the power dynamics in marriage. Women's access to resources and power through bargaining is integral to their empowerment, particularly in the Global South, where more traditional patriarchal family cultures prevail. This review summarizes the key theories concerning marital bargaining and evaluates the recent developments in research on marital bargaining by exploring patterns, determinants, and consequences of bargaining over power and resources among couples in the Global South. Several future research directions are proposed: examining the long‐term implications of the Covid‐19 pandemic on women's agency, employing a more comparative approach, and navigating marital bargaining from a broader family context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Single parenthood is becoming increasingly common in today's society for various reasons such as divorce, the death of a spouse, or the choice of parenthood. Regrettably, there seems to be no significant concern among world leaders regarding depression arising from single parenting. Aim: This article aimed to explore the prevalence of depression in single parents, the factors contributing to it, and its effects on their physical and emotional well‐being. Additionally, it aims to investigate the long‐lasting effects of depression in single parents, effective therapeutic approaches to tackle these issues and offer proactive suggestions for relevant global stakeholders. Methodology: A selection of studies was identified through electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases. The search strategy encompassed terms related to single parenthood, depression, mental health, prevalence, risk factors, and treatment modalities. Included studies comprised of peer‐reviewed research articles, systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, and observational studies published in English. Result: Today, there is a growing prevalence of single parenthood due to a range of factors, including divorce, the loss of a partner, and intentional decisions regarding single parenthood. However, this transition comes with challenges, including the risk of developing depression. Depression is a serious mental health condition affecting many individuals worldwide. Raising a child alone increases the likelihood of developing depression for the parent due to the increased burden and responsibilities. Such parents tend to have low self‐esteem, suicide/suicide attempts, and so forth and children born by those parents are vulnerable to depression, physical abuse, infections, etc. Conclusion: Future research should focus on identifying effective interventions for treating depression among single parents and improving the availability of mental health facilities for this vulnerable population, especially in places with a high prevalence of depression. Mental health physicians in collaboration with obstetricians and gynecologists across the globe should offer counseling and mediation services during pre‐conception care visits for both single and partnered parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Special Treatment / Különleges Bánásmód is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resilience in sport is growing as a topic of investigation but comparatively less focus is placed on how resilience develops in athletes. This study explored sporting resilience development in elite athletes over time using grounded theory. Participants included 10 competitive-elite athletes (5 men and women) who scored high, competing in individual/team sports from diverse cultural contexts. Experiential life-story interviews on sporting resilience development over time was conducted. Grounded theory was employed across ideation, data collection and analysis with structured methodological quality criteria to ensure rigour. Findings are synthesised into A-R-C Development Model of sporting resilience indicating that antecedent protective factors (A) enable the engine of sporting resilience (R) which through metacognition-emotion-behaviour produces consequences (C) of positive adaptation or critical adaptation failure. The emergent theory is the first comprehensive outline providing an understanding of how sporting resilience develops over time in competitive-elite athletes. Implications for developing athlete resilience for performance and mental health are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key digested message Sextortion is currently the highest reported form of image-based sexual abuse, a form of online blackmail which has been growing in prevalence since 2021. Research highlights sextortion to have severe psychological consequences, with over a dozen cases of suicide among victims. This paper used two transcripts from the media of victims' experiences, as well as qualitative survey responses from an additional 99 victims, to explore in detail how sextortion affects victims psychologically. A main theme was low self-esteem leading to depression, within which feelings of hopelessness and negative thinking of oneself were prominent. Another main theme was paranoia causing anxiety, which was characterised by a loss of trust and feeling of not being able to escape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low‐flow events, characterized by a significant water deficiency in river systems, have profound impacts on various water users and river ecology. Recent low‐flow events in Europe have had severe economic and ecological consequences such as disruptions to hydropower production, irrigation bans, constraints on navigation and complete river drying. These events highlight the urgent need for effective low‐flow risk management and demand a holistic risk analysis as a basis. The existing approaches to low‐flow analysis often focus on hydrological aspects, utilizing indices such as the Standardized Runoff Index (SRI) or Low‐flow Index. However, these indices lack information regarding consequences and impacts. Other approaches consider parts of a risk approach but often focus on special aspects, such as the economy; in general, no holistic assessment is made. This study introduces a conceptual approach to a holistic low‐flow risk analysis. The approach provides a continuous long‐term simulation to capture the special long‐term behaviour of low‐flow events and therefore avoids the complex definition of scenarios. In this conceptual approach, the low‐flow risk is analysed using a combination of various analyses that cover all aspects from occurrence to consequences. Meteorological analysis is used to generate synthetic long‐term weather data time series, which are transformed into runoff time series in hydrological analysis. Based on these results, hydrodynamic analysis quantifies the water levels, water temperatures, and flow velocities along the river. The consequences are analysed in terms of socio‐economic and ecological consequences. The results represent a long‐term series of damage values. Finally, the damage values are summed in the risk analysis and divided by the number of years considered in the analysis. For testing and demonstration purposes, the presented conceptual risk approach is partly applied to a proof‐of‐concept at the Selke catchment, a small river catchment in Germany. Finally, the results are presented, evaluated, and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate work-related neck pain among AO spine surgeons in different regions by estimating its prevalence, predictors, consequences, and management methods. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 411 spine surgeon members of AO spine was conducted during March–May 2021, using the Modified Nordic Questionnaire and the Neck Disability Index. Data on neck pain experience during the last 12 months and its consequences and risk factors were collected. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify significant predictors of neck pain. Significance was set at P <.05. Results: The 1-year neck pain was experienced by 66.7% of surgeons. According to the Neck Disability Index, more than one-half (52.8%) experienced disability due to neck pain of mild (45.5%), moderate (6.5%), and severe (.8%) grades. Neck pain was responsible for stopping work in 17.5% of surgeons, with a median of 3.5 (IQR, 2-7.8) days off work. One-half of the participants (56.3%) were treated by medical care, 31.5% by physiotherapy, and 16.5% requested rest days and sick leave. Physical stress (P <.001) and non-exercising (P =.04) were the significant predictors of neck pain. Conclusion: The 12-month prevalence of neck pain was high among spine surgeons, with an impact on activities of daily living, mainly of a mild degree, reported by one-half of surgeons. Physical stress was the only significant predictor, while sports practice was a protective factor against neck pain. Medication was the primary management adopted—an increased focus on pain prevention through improved workplace ergonomics and sports activity programs is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A humanitarian crisis means any event or series of events that are harmful to the health or security of the general population. The Niger Republic is currently facing a serious crisis amid the military coup of July 26, 2023. We fear that if nothing is done about it quickly, there could be a civil war in Niger and other neighboring countries. Aim: This present article aims to provide comprehensive knowledge about the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Niger, highlighting the factors that caused it and providing possible solutions for them. Methodology: A literature search was conducted on the recent humanitarian crisis caused by the military coup in Niger Republic using databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, World Health Organization, United Nations, online newspapers, and reports from 2013 to 2023. Result: We found that the humanitarian crisis amid the military coup in Niger Republic has further amplified the vulnerability of millions of Nigeriens to more problems in the Niger Republic. The number of Nigeriens in need of humanitarian assistance has reportedly increased by 65%, from 2.3 million in 2019 to 3.8 million in 2021. More than two million children in Niger have been impacted by the crisis in the country and need humanitarian assistance. Furthermore, other causes of the humanitarian crisis in the Niger Republic include sociodemographic factors, climate change, and other natural disasters. Conclusion: The humanitarian crisis in Niger, caused by different factors such as socioeconomic stagnation, environmental causes, food insecurity, terrorist activities, and internal displacement, is an alarming situation that requires an urgent solution and a response from the international community. There is a need to analyze all the underlying causes of humanitarian crises and find long‐lasting solutions for them. Key points: Niger is a landlocked country in West Africa that has been facing a humanitarian crisis for ages.The number of Nigeriens in need of humanitarian assistance has reportedly increased by 65% from 2.3 million in 2019 to 3.8 million in 2021, with a probability of geometric increase to date.There are quite a lot of direct and indirect consequences that could result from the humanitarian crisis, especially amid the military coup in Niger.To tackle this complicated situation in Niger, a more humanitarian approach is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive measures affected various aspects of people's lives, while also representing an important risk factor for people's mental health. In the present study, we examined the negative psychological consequences of the preventive measures on people's mental health and the protective factors that strengthened their mental health and well-being during the pandemic. Materials and Methods: A study, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods based on a Delphi protocol, was conducted with a sample of Slovenian professionals who worked with people from different demographic groups (i.e., children and adolescents, emerging adults, the adult working population, the elderly) during the pandemic. We conducted (i) a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with 11 professionals and (ii) a quantitative study where 73 professionals completed a structured online questionnaire. Results: Experts recognized the disruption of informal face-to-face social contacts as the measure with the greatest impact on people's lives across all groups studied, the effect being particularly evident in relation to individuals' development period and socio-demographic characteristics. An individual's ability to adapt to change and emotional support provided by family or other close persons contributed significantly to maintaining mental health and well-being during the pandemic. Conclusions: Considering the interplay of various COVID-19-related risk and protective factors for mental health, enabling and promoting the maintenance and development of social relationships (including through alternative pathways) should be a priority aspect of (mental health) intervention for all demographic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore antecedents of psychological empowerment by analyzing the antecedents and consequences. This study employed a literature review approach by searching for references from previous research from Scopus. Several predetermined criteria were applied to create more relevant studies on psychological empowerment. The literature review was conducted through stages based on the criteria used in bibliometrics. The results indicate that the antecedents of psychological empowerment are influenced by several driving factors, such as leader-member exchange, human resource practices (staffing, training, compensation, performance, job design, and participation), transformational leadership, transactional leadership, servant leadership, authentic leadership, empowering leadership, knowledge sharing, perceived supervisory support, perceived organizational support, selfefficacy, emotional intelligence, psychological leadership, high-commitment work system, organizational performance, employee engagement, ethical leadership, and high-performance work system. The consequences of psychological empowerment influence several factors, including strategy commitment, innovative work behavior, creativity, innovation, positive psychological capital, job characteristics, job embeddedness, proactive work behavior, serviceoriented organizational citizenship behavior, self-learning, innovative information systems behavior, service quality efficacy, career satisfaction, work engagement, organizational brilliance, work well-being, work intensity, career intention, creative process engagement, and innovative behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PRACTICE IMPACT STATEMENTPublic awareness campaigns and the #MeToo movement aimed to change the incidence and reporting of sexual violence, although their impact on behaviours such as frotteurism and exhibitionism is unknown. Following up on the findings of a previous study, this study used a self-report survey of college students (N = 580) in a major city to examine whether rates of frotteuristic and exhibitionistic acts had changed following these recent events. The results showed that the prevalence of these acts as reported by victims remains high – 38% of the current sample reported at least one incident compared to 44% of the sample in the original study. Women continue to be victimised at higher rates than men and report more long-term negative consequences associated with victimisation. Reporting to others, including the police, has not increased. These findings suggest that public awareness campaigns and survivor-led social movements may have had some impact on the incidence of sexual violence but may not have influenced the reporting of frotteuristic or exhibitionistic acts.Findings from this study suggest that prevalence of frotteuristic and exhibitionistic behaviour remains high and that these behaviours are impactful, particularly for female victims, but are under-reported to authorities. Increasing reporting is a priority; however, this needs to be paired with training for first respondents so that those who report behaviours receive appropriate support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Knowledge: International Journal is the property of Institute for Knowledge Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: Treatment interruption is associated with poor tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes and increased drug resistance. To address the issue, we aimed to investigate the characteristics, predictors and consequences of treatment interruption. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study by retrieving 4 years (2018–2021) of TB patients' records at 10 public health clinics in Sarawak, Malaysia. Adult patients (≥18 years) with drug‐susceptible TB were selected. Treatment interruption was defined as ≥2 weeks of cumulative interruption during treatment. The Chi‐square test, Mann–Whitney U test, Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to analyse the data, with p < 0.05 being considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 2953 eligible patients, 475 (16.1%) experienced TB treatment interruption. Interruptions were most frequent during the intensive phase (46.9%, n = 223), with the greatest risk within the first 4 weeks of treatment. The median time to interruption was 2 weeks in the intensive phase and the cumulative interruption probability at the end of the intensive phase was 12.9%. Notably, treatment interruption occurred during both intensive and continuation phases for 144 patients (30.3%), while the remaining 108 (22.7%) experienced interruptions only during the continuation phase with a median time to interruption of 16 weeks. Three predictors were identified to increase the risk of treatment interruption: adverse drug reaction (aHR = 8.53, 95% Cl: 6.73–10.82), smoking (aHR = 2.67, 95% Cl: 2.03–3.53) and illicit drug use (aHR = 1.88, 95% Cl: 1.03–3.45). Conversely, underlying diabetes was associated with a reduced likelihood of treatment interruption (aHR = 0.72, 95% Cl: 0.58–0.90). Treatment interruption led to significant differences in treatment restarts (62.3% vs. 0.7%), changes in medications (47.8% vs. 4.9%), prolonged treatment duration (247 days [IQR = 105] vs. 194 days [IQR = 44.3]) and lower successful outcomes (86.5% vs. 99.9%). Conclusion: Understanding the temporal characteristics, predictors and negative consequences of treatment interruption can guide the development of time‐relevant approaches to mitigate the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with severe and life-long consequences. Adolescents and young adults represent a particularly vulnerable subgroup because of the unique demands of their developmental stage. Despite the well-known efficacy of medication treatment for ADHD, there remains a notable concern regarding poor medication adherence in this population. Objectives: This systematic literature review aimed to synthesize the existing empirical evidence on the outcomes and consequences of medication nonadherence among adolescents and young adults with ADHD. Methods: An extensive database search was conducted on September 26, 2022, with no time limits applied. The databases included Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, and PsycINFO. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Each study revealed that medication nonadherence was associated with a range of adverse outcomes, including decreased academic performance, heightened familial, and psychological stress, and an increased likelihood of substance use, pregnancy, obesity, and injury. Conversely, adherence led to improvements in at least one ADHD-related outcome. Conclusions: Research exploring the consequences of suboptimal medication adherence in adolescents and young adults with ADHD is currently limited, and effective strategies to address this issue remain scarce. A thorough understanding of such consequences is critical for developing interventions aimed at improving medication adherence and mitigating the risk of adverse outcomes, especially considering the susceptibility of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To discuss the functional properties of melatonin which plays a key role in the expression of psychopathological disorders following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The influence of melatonin on neurochemical changes, which may lead to various mental disorders, has been analyzed. Specifically, its impact on asthenia, cognitive impairments, emotional instability, and insomnia, which are among the main symptoms accompanying TBI in the chronic phase, has been examined. The importance of studies on melatonin as a neurotransmitter and its role in the circadian rhythm regulation, which is often impaired as a consequence of TBI, has been emphasized. The mechanisms underlying these disorders may be related to dysfunction of the hypothalamus and interhemispheric interactions. Melatonin may influence the recovery processes after TBI, reducing inflammation and providing optimal conditions for tissue regeneration. It opens up new possibilities for the development of therapy aimed at reducing the impact of trauma consequences on patients. Earlier studies have also indicated the option of using melatonin as an antioxidant, which can protect brain tissue from further damage caused by recovery processes after injury. Studies on pharmacological modulation of the melatonin system could be useful for developing new methods for treatment and prevention of mental disorders associated with TBI. Examining the action of melatonin receptor antagonists and agonists can help to choose optimal treatment strategies aimed at correcting disorders arising as a result of trauma. It holds promise for faster and more complete recovery of mental health in TBI patients. Conclusions. Considering the significance of melatonin in regulation of physiological processes, further studies may enrich understanding of its role, ensuring the development of more effective treatment methods. Given the safe profile of melatonin and its availability as a supplement, supportive studies in this direction have the potential to positively impact clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]