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To improve our understanding and guide future studies and applications, we review the biogeochemistry of the rare earth elements (REE). The REEs, which form a chemically uniform group due to their nearly identical physicochemical properties, include the lanthanide series elements plus scandium (Sc) and yttrium (Y). These elements, in conjunction with the neodymium isotopes, are powerful tools for understanding key oceanic, terrestrial, biological and even anthropogenic processes. Furthermore, their unique properties render them essential for various technological processes and products. Here, we delve into the characteristics of REE biogeochemistry and discuss normalization procedures and REE anomalies. We also examine the aqueous speciation of REEs, contributing to a better understanding of their behavior in aquatic settings, including the role of neodymium isotopes. We then focus on their environmental distribution, fractionation, and controlling processes in different environmental systems across the land‐ocean continuum. In addition, we analyze sinks, sources, and the mobility of REEs, providing insights into their behavior in these environments. We further investigate the sources of anthropogenic REEs and their bioavailability, bioaccumulation, and transfer along food webs. We also explore the potential effects of climate change on the cycling, mobility and bioavailability of REEs, underlining the importance of current research in this evolving field. In summary, we provide a comprehensive review of REE behavior in the environment, from their properties and roles to their distribution and anthropogenic impacts, offering valuable insights and pinpointing key knowledge gaps. Key Points: Rare earth elements (REE) are powerful tracers of both natural and anthropogenic processes within terrestrial and ocean environmentsREE are controlled by absorption, adsorption/desorption, co‐precipitation, remineralization, and particle dissolutionREE are technology‐critical metals with broad applications in the future low‐carbon global economy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitization is a megatrend that strongly influences organisations and is reflected in all business processes and operational functions. It is therefore not surprising that controlling is also affected by digitization. This paper first defines and explains the key sub-processes of controlling and describes the traditional role and tasks of controllers that are derived from this. Next, selected technologies such as the internet of things, big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence are described in detail and their influence on controlling and the role of the controller is analysed. It is shown that digitization is already having a significant impact on controlling and still holds considerable potential for the future. This will also lead inevitably to a continuous refinement of the role and tasks of controllers, whereby they will have to further expand their knowledge and skills in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulated by the rapid changes in temperature, mixing, and biological production during warm seasons, the surface carbonate system in the Bering Sea is subject to significant spatial-temporal variability. However, the seasonal evolution of the carbon cycle and its controls are less clear due to the lack of observations. Here, we present the carbonate data collected during a forward voyage in July and a return voyage in September 2018 across the Bering Sea. For both voyages, we show distinct dissolved inorganic carbon versus total alkalinity (DIC-TA) relationships and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) distribution patterns in the Southern Basin (54-57°N), the Northern Basin (57-59°N), the Slope (59-61°N), the Shelf (61-64°N), and the Bering Strait (>64°N). In the Southern Basin, the Northern Basin, and the Slope, surface water was a two end-member mixing of Rainwater and Bering Summer Water (BSW) during the forward voyage and a two end-member mixing of North Pacific Surface Water (NPSW) and BSW during the return voyage. As a result, the observed DIC was almost consistent with the conservative mixing line, with a slight DIC addition/removal of -8.6~5.8 µmol kg-1, suggesting low biological production/respiration during both voyages. Seasonally, the higher factions of NPSW featuring low pCO2 during the return voyage dominated the pCO2 drawdown from July to September in the Southern Basin and the Slope. On the Shelf, the surface water was a two end-member mixing of plume water from the Anadyr River and BSW during both voyages, but the decreased DIC consumption via biological production from 59.9 ± 25.8 µmol kg-1 to 34.8 ± 14.0 µmol kg-1 contributed to the pCO2 increase from July to September. In the Bering Strait, the coastal area was characterized by the influence of plume water from the Anadyr River in July and the coastal upwelling in September. The high biological production in plume water made a strong CO2 sink during the forward voyage, while the upwelling of carbon-enriched subsurface water with minor DIC consumption made the coastal ecosystem a strong CO2 source during the return voyage. In different geographical regions, the observed seawater pCO2 was much lower than the overlying atmospheric CO2, resulting in a net CO2 sink with fluxes of -2.1~-14.0 mmol m-2 d-1 and -2.5~-11.6 mmol m-2 d-1, respectively, during the forward and return voyages.

While teaching lecture courses at the University of California, Berkeley, Laura Nader taught generations of students to raise their anthropological antennae. This article uses an autoethnographic approach to describe the author's exposure to anthropology at Berkeley in the nineteen-nineties, gesturing towards the way undergraduate lecture courses play an important but largely underrecognized role in fostering public anthropology. Nader's lecture courses were particularly effective at this because their focus on pushing students to question dogma and analyze controlling processes offered students a sense of how anthropology could foster critical public discourse. Nader stressed the importance of asking good questions designed to challenge assumptions, finding the right methods to answer those questions, and paying attention to pathways of power. While always questioning received wisdom, ideological assumptions, and Western categories of knowledge, Nader continued to stress the importance of developing straightforward, highly-accessible concepts that captured the attention of students—like Harmony Ideology, trustanoia, controlling processes, and the vertical slice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores three elements of Laura Nader's work through an ethnographic description and analysis of the author's encounters with her over a thirty-year period. It reflects upon aspects of her ethnographic, political, and ethical commitments, how these elements manifest themselves in her written work, and how they have influenced the projects and careers of her students and colleagues over the past six decades. The piece concludes with an annotated list of aphorisms that have provided counsel, guidance, and inspiration to many anthropologists during the course of her career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sequence stratigraphic architecture, evolution, and controlling mechanisms of a lower and middle Eocene isolated carbonate platform in the Sirte Basin in north-central Libya were interpreted from two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) seismic and well data. The platform contains six stratigraphic surfaces that divide the platform sedimentary successions into two stratigraphic sequences, namely Sequence 5 and Sequence 6, and five systems tracts. The five systems tracts vary in thickness and differ in depositional systems. The lowstand systems tract (LST) of Sequence 5 forms at the base of the focus interval and is composed of a basin floor fan system with hummocky to undulated seismic facies. The highstand systems tracts (HST) of Sequence 5 has the greatest thickness and comprises a well-defined slope system showing a funnel-shaped trend and suggesting progradational stacking pattern. The LST of Sequence 6 contains a middle ramp system formed during the lowest sea-level. The two transgressive systems tracts (TST) are the thinnest, several meters thick, and separating the LST from the HST. Log curves show an overall funnel-shaped motif through all three depositional systems, indicating a progradational stacking pattern. The main factor controlling the platform growth and demise is sea-level fluctuations. Additional factors, such as, subsidence, antecedent topography, and prevailing currents have also contributed to the evolution of the platform. Sea-level changes coupled with subsidence create accommodation for the platform growth and terminate deposition by drowning. The pre-existing topography creates a topographic relief and influences the growth pattern of the platform. Prevailing local currents influence the direction of platform progradation. This study provides insights on the evolution of isolated carbonate platform in a rift setting, which can help predict the lithofacies and depositional systems of economic significance. • The Eocene platform contains five systems tracts bounded by stratigraphic surfaces. • Three major depositional systems are defined, based on seismic and wireline log analyses. • Platform evolution was controlled by pre-existing topography, sea-level changes, and tectonic subsidence. • Climate and paleogeographic conditions control the carbonate production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based upon 21 field surveys conducted from March 2011 to November 2013, monthly variation of carbon dioxide partial pressure ( p CO 2 ) and other carbon system parameters were investigated for the first time (to our knowledge) at A4HDYD station (38°40′N, 122°10′E) located in the North Yellow Sea, a region with a seasonal thermocline. Surface p CO 2 was undersaturated from March to May and nearly in equilibrium with the atmosphere from June to August. During September and November, p CO 2 declined to a lower level than that from June to August, but reached the highest level in December. In contrast, p CO 2 declined to atmospheric CO 2 levels in February. Overall, the study area was a net CO 2 sink at a rate of 0.85 ± 0.59 mol C m − 2 yr − 1 . The underlying processes governing the variation of p CO 2 were also examined. In general, temperature had an important influence on the monthly variation of p CO 2 , but its effect was counterbalanced by biological production in spring and vertical mixing in early winter. Our study indicated that dynamic mechanism studies based on high temporal resolution observations are urgently needed to understand the complexity of the carbon cycle and detect biogeochemical changes or ecosystem responses to climate change on continental margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogeochemistry is an important tool for the evaluation of the effect of human activities on aquifer system. Sixty eight groundwater samples were collected from bore wells during pre- and post-monsoon from Nagpur , a fast growing city in India, to assess the spatial controlling processes of groundwater contamination using principal component analysis (PCA). Groundwater has variable total dissolved solid (TDS) and total hardness (TH) values classifying them from fresh to saline and moderately hard to very hard types. About 36 and 33 % of the total groundwater samples during pre- and post-monsoon, respectively, are not suitable for drinking purpose. The graphical presentation of groundwater chemistry has indicated Ca-HCO, mixed Ca-Na-HCO and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl types. The PCA summarizes the chemical variables of pH, EC, TDS, TH, TA, Na, K, Ca, Mg, HCO, Cl, SO and NO into two PC loadings, accounting for 61.33 and 62.09 % of the total variance during pre- and post-monsoon, respectively. The first PC shows high loadings of EC, TDS, TH, Cl, NO, Ca and Mg, which considered as pollution-controlled processes of anthropogenic sources. Second PC has high loadings of Na and HCO, which is taken as alkalinity and pollution-controlled processes of geogenic and anthropogenic sources, respectively. The PC scores suggest the causes of variation in the groundwater chemistry. Negative values of chloro-alkaline indices suggest the prevalence of reverse ion exchange irrespective of the season, silicate weathering and anthropogenic activities over the controlling of groundwater quality which further PCA. Thus, the PCA helps as a tool to assess the controlling processes of the groundwater quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study on the geochemistry of groundwater was carried out in a river basin of Andhra Pradesh to probe into the spatial controlling processes of groundwater contamination, using principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA transforms the chemical variables, pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO $_3^- $, Cl, SO $_4^{2-} $, NO $_3^-$ and F, into two orthogonal principal components (PC1 and PC2), accounting for 75% of the total variance of the data matrix. PC1 has high positive loadings of EC, Na, Cl, SO $_4^{2-} $, Mg and Ca, representing a salinity controlled process of geogenic (mineral dissolution, ion exchange, and evaporation), anthropogenic (agricultural activities and domestic wastewaters), and marine (marine clay) origin. The PC2 loadings are highly positive for HCO $_3^- $, F, pH and NO $_3^- $, attributing to the alkalinity and pollution controlled processes of geogenic and anthropogenic origins. The PC scores reflect the change of groundwater quality of geogenic origin from upstream to downstream area with an increase in concentration of chemical variables, which is due to anthropogenic and marine origins with varying topography, soil type, depth of water levels, and water usage. Thus, the groundwater quality shows a variation of chemical facies from Na > Ca > Mg > K: HCO $_3^- $ > Cl > SO $_4^{2-}>$ NO $_3^- $ > Fat high topography to Na > Mg > Ca > K: Cl > HCO $_3^- $ > SO $_4^{2-}>$ NO $_3^- $ > F at low topography. With PCA, an effective tool for the spatial controlling processes of groundwater contamination, a subset of explored wells is indexed for continuous monitoring to optimize the expensive effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, young women have been the object of social control, often in the name of filial honor. This article addresses a particular phenomenon of such social control as it is experienced by first- and second-generation female immigrants from Cuba and Haiti who are living in South Florida in the United States. This theme is explored by analyzing the life stories of six immigrants from these countries. The biographical stories of immigrant women reveal how social control operates in the context of transnationalism through controlling processes, internalization of gender expectations, and dominating discourse. It is also argued how social control manipulates and restricts female spaces and operates across spaces in a transnational manner from homelands to host nations. The main conclusion of the study is that a family's relocation to the United States for the purpose of political, social, or economic freedom does not necessarily result in liberation from restrictive social control for young women from such immigrant families. The "transnationality of social control" is therefore understood as the hegemonic domination of female bodies and behaviors through the mimesis of reified and remembered spaces of homelands in host societies. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0903142

Abstract: We report sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and air–sea exchange in the northern Yellow Sea (NYS, 37–40°N to 121–124°E) for the first time, based on data collected during four cruises covering all seasons from 2006 to 2007. Sea surface pCO2 showed large seasonal and spatial variations, with the highest values observed in summer and the lowest in winter. During summer and winter, the pCO2 distribution in most parts of the study area was strongly influenced by sea surface temperature, while biological processes played an important role during fall and spring. In addition, other processes also contributed to the pCO2 variations, such as the seasonally varying vertical structure of the water column (vertical mixing and stratification), intrusion of the Yellow Sea Warm Current during winter, river inputs, upwelling of cold bottom waters, and resuspension of sediments from the Huanghe (a.k.a., Yellow River). However, sea surface temperature generally played a more important role in the annual cycle of pCO2 than biological processes in most parts of the study area. Air–sea CO2 flux computations indicated that the NYS acted as a net CO2 source with respect to the atmosphere in each season, annually releasing 0.63±0.10molCm−2 to the atmosphere. In combination with the CO2 efflux rate (1.68±0.33molCm−2 yr−1) reported in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS), we estimate that the entire Yellow Sea, including both the NYS and the SYS, was a net CO2 source at a rate of ~1.49molCm−2 yr−1, annually releasing ~6.78Tg C to the atmosphere (1Tg=1012 g). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

ABSTRACT The eviction of residents to make way for a 'new urban zone' in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, is legitimized by notions of building a beautiful, breathable, and orderly city. Although angry about their unfair treatment in the eviction process, residents ultimately support this discourse of beauty. They challenge eviction through individual squabbles over compensation rates, land measurements, and resettlement sites. In the process, dissent becomes atomized and residents reproduce a mode of valuing land based primarily on monetary value. In this context, notions of beauty, despite having counterhegemonic potential, reproduce rather than challenge core ideals legitimizing the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the tradition of anthropological reflexivity, this article examines how the structure of early doctoral training contributes to the construction of particular kinds of anthropologists. Based on research conducted in an anthropology department in the U.S.A. during the late 1990s, the experience of the transition from undergraduate to doctoral studies is explored as simultaneously a process of culture learning and culture making, with power relations expressed, imposed, and contested through language. The implications for questions animating current anthropological debates, including calls for 'public anthropology', are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, young women have been the object of social control, often in the name of filial honor. This article addresses a particular phenomenon of such social control as it is experienced by first- and second-generation female immigrants from Cuba and Haiti who are living in South Florida in the United States. This theme is explored by analyzing the life stories of six immigrants from these countries. The biographical stories of immigrant women reveal how social control operates in the context of transnationalism through controlling processes, internalization of gender expectations, and dominating discourse. It is also argued how social control manipulates and restricts female spaces and operates across spaces in a transnational manner from homelands to host nations. The main conclusion of the study is that a family's relocation to the United States for the purpose of political, social, or economic freedom does not necessarily result in liberation from restrictive social control for young women from such immigrant families. The "transnationality of social control" is therefore understood as the hegemonic domination of female bodies and behaviors through the mimesis of reified and remembered spaces of homelands in host societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pearl River Mouth Basin in the South China Sea is one of the most important offshore petroliferous basins in China. Specifically, the shelf-edge delta and slope fan systems in the deepwater area of the Baiyun Sag have been regarded as the most important objects for hydrocarbon exploration, and the sequence stratigraphic structure, sedimentary evolution, and "source to sink" relationship between them is an important basis for predicting favorable areas for hydrocarbon exploration. In this study, the sequence stratigraphic structure and sedimentary system of the Late Oligocene Zhuhai Formation in the Baiyun Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin were studied based on a comprehensive dataset that integrated seismic, logging, and core data. A total of four third-order sequences were determined in the second-order composite sequence (CS3) according to nature of unconformities. Within each third-order sequence, the characteristics of different sedimentary systems were successfully identified. Within CS3-1 and CS3-2 the transgressive systems tracts (TST) are relatively thick, and the highstand systems tracts (HST) encompass mainly the outer-shelf deltaic deposits with thin foresets. As for CS3-3 and CS3-4, the lowstand systems tract (LST) and falling-stage systems tracts (FSST) are dominated by shelf-edge deltas and slope fans deposits, whereas the TST are very thin. The depositional evolution and "source to sink" relationship between the shelf-edge deltas and associated slope fans are revealed as follows: there are mainly three stages of shelf-edge deltas, and their sedimentary paleo-water depths were 794.9 m, 822.6 m, and 556.8 m, with progradation angles of 8.5°, 7.7°, and 5.7°, respectively; the thick delta front (200–500 m) and slump deposit are the main identification features of the shelf-edge delta. During the period of LST, although the progradation angle of the shelf-edge delta was the largest, there were few slope fans or only mud-rich slope fan deposits in the front of the delta due to the influence of relative sea-level rise, and during the period of FSST, the slump and redeposition of the delta front sand bodies provided the sand source for the formation of the slope fans, thus forming the sand-rich fans. Moreover, according to the root mean square amplitude slices and 3D seismic profile, it was found that the slope fans in this area are directly related to the development of the channels between the deltas and slope fans; generally, the larger and denser the channel, the larger the slope fan area. • Sequence and sedimentary characteristics of the shelf-edge and the deltaic progradation structures. • The source to sink relationship between shelf-edge deltas and slope fans within the system tract. • Constraints of sea level change, tectonic movement and sediment supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late Oligocene to Early Miocene deltaic systems (the Zhuhai Formation) comprise the most important oil and gas reservoirs in the Pearl River Mouth Basin in the northern South China Sea and their changes in depositional architecture reflect the interplay of basin kinetic energy, sea level change and sediment supply. Based on the analysis of well log, seismic and core data, depositional styles of deltaic systems, sequence stratigraphy and their controlling factors are systematically documented. Three kinds of deltaic systems (braided river, meandering river and incised river deltas) are distinguished from the inner shelf, middle–outer shelf to shelf edge within a dynamic sequence framework. The braided river and braided river deltaic deposits along the inner shelf are mainly composed of vertically-stacked, thick-bedded channel sandstones and broad-lobate shaped delta front sandy deposits. The meandering river deltaic systems distributed in the middle–outer shelf are characterized by relatively thick delta front sandstones, interdistributary bay fills and prodelta mudstones with turbidite sheets in places. Incised river deltaic systems were generally developed at the shelf margin, with clinoform thickness ranging from 200 to 1200 m, and were commonly associated with large-scale slump and slope fan deposits. The temporal–spatial distribution of deltaic systems within the sequence framework shows a distinct pattern: the braided river delta system mainly developed in the early stage of highstand systems tracts; meandering river delta systems occurred in the middle–late stage of highstand systems tracts; and incised river delta systems generally formed in the falling stage systems tract. Depositional architectures of deltaic systems reveal that the basin kinetic condition varied from the inner shelf to shelf edge. Inner shelf braided river deltaic systems were dominated by fluvial processes, whereas middle–outer shelf meandering river delta and shelf edge incised river delta systems were reworked by waves and alongshore currents. The migration of deltaic systems across the entire wide shelf within the transgression–regression cycle is regarded as the result of high-amplitude sea level fluctuations under coolhouse or icehouse climatic condition. High progradation rates of shelf edge deltaic systems reflect enormous sediment supply resulting from the continuous uplift of the drainage area during the early post-rift period and the intense erosion triggered by glacial climate. • Delta types from the inner shelf to shelf edge within the sequence framework • Depositional architecture of different delta systems and favorable reservoirs • Constraints of sea level change, sediment supply and basin kinetic energy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior studies of surface seawater CO 2 partial pressure (p CO 2) and air-sea CO 2 fluxes have primarily been conducted on the eastern Bering Sea shelf area, with a paucity of data in the Bering Sea basin. In order to assess the surface variability and the air-sea CO 2 fluxes for a more complete set of different regions, underway surface seawater p CO 2 and related parameters were investigated across the Bering Sea basin, slope and shelf in July 2010 during the 4th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE). The surface p CO 2 exhibited large spatial variability and was observed to vary from 137 μatm in the central Bering Strait to 481 μatm in the western Bering Strait. In the central Bering Strait, the high supersaturation with respect to the atmospheric p CO 2 (378 ± 2 μatm) was driven by the upwelling event. The neutral or weak CO 2 sink in the Bering Sea basin and eastern nearshore region were related to high nutrient low chlorophyll status and riverine input, respectively. Biological process maintained the most shelf and slope areas as a strong CO 2 sink. Overall, despite a small CO 2 outgassing area the whole Bering Sea still acted as a net ocean CO 2 sink of −6.4 ± 0.9 mmol m−2 d−1 in summer. • Air-sea CO 2 fluxes of a more complete set of different Bering Sea regions than most prior studies were reported. • Despite a small CO 2 outgassing area the Bering Sea still acted as a net ocean CO 2 sink of -6.4±0.9 mmol m-2 d-1 in summer. • Large spatial variations of p CO 2 and air-sea CO 2 fluxes were observed corresponding to diverse controlling processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]