Search

In this article I examine the emergence of digital nomads as the 'new creative class' in urban marketing strategies that highlight these workers' technological proficiency and hypermobility and blur the lines between work, leisure and travel in a globalized digital context. I explore the evolution of neoliberal urban marketing strategies and entrepreneurial urbanism—where cities compete to attract this mobile, knowledge and tech‐savvy workforce, challenging traditional workspaces and altering the socio‐economic landscape of cities. First, I review the widely criticized concepts of 'creative class' and 'creative cities'. I then examine the literature on digital nomadism and the need for a spatial and urban studies perspective. Finally, I propose new critical research questions around the sociospatial impact of digital nomad politics in cities. In summary, this article posits that digital nomadism is an aspirational rhetorical concept based on technological skills and global mobility, representing a new strategy in urban marketing and competition and a new challenge for urban scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the latest decades, regional creativity has often been considered as the precondition for innovativeness and sustainability. However, quantitative indicators of creativity are the subject of discussion. The paper aims to analyse the patterns and causes of European regional creativity distribution, revealing the influence of endogenous determinants on regional innovative development. An empirical analysis of regional patenting activity and a selection of indicators of regional creativity is conducted. Among the indicators, we include the development of regional institutions that are assessed through the data of the European Quality of Government Index. Besides the learning ability of the region (indicators of higher education prevalence and digital skills), the abundance of the creative class, regional innovative infrastructure, and population agglomeration were taken into account. The paper concludes concerning the most crucial factors contributing to endogenous sustainability through the lenses of European regions. In general, the formed model turned out to be significant with an acceptable level of standard error and a high predictive value. The influence of most of the parameters (except for the intelligence) was positive and significant. It is especially worth highlighting the parameters of regional institutions' quality and volumes of private research and development expenditures, which exert the greatest positive influence on the resulting variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper discusses the creative class as a new layer of contemporary society that drives entrepreneurship, innovation and dynamism of economy. Current social and economic transformations are caused by new factors which affect the emergence of creative class. The potential of creative professionals has become one of the major means of the national development as it contributes to maximizing welfare, enriches consumption and improves standards of living. Creative class is a strategic input for companies and government agencies looking for more effective communication and new ways to stand out. The purpose of this study is aimed at the in-depth clarifying and summarizing of the theoretical background about creative class in a global milieu, including its specific lifestyle, and how it relates to other concept such as creative employment. The underlying argument is that creativity is one of the constructs of those skills, knowledge and abilities required by the modern labor market in the face of globalization challenges. The presented findings of the paper include a more holistic approach to identifying a range of determinants and metrics important for the successful promotion of creative employment. In light of these findings, the article concludes with discussing the rise of creative class in a global scale.

This paper discusses the creative class as a new layer of contemporary society that drives entrepreneurship, innovation and dynamism of economy. Current social and economic transformations are caused by new factors which affect the emergence of creative class. The potential of creative professionals has become one of the major means of the national development as it contributes to maximizing welfare, enriches consumption and improves standards of living. Creative class is a strategic input for companies and government agencies looking for more effective communication and new ways to stand out. The purpose of this study is aimed at the in-depth clarifying and summarizing of the theoretical background about creative class in a global milieu, including its specific lifestyle, and how it relates to other concept such as creative employment. The underlying argument is that creativity is one of the constructs of those skills, knowledge and abilities required by the modern labor market in the face of globalization challenges. The presented findings of the paper include a more holistic approach to identifying a range of determinants and metrics important for the successful promotion of creative employment. In light of these findings, the article concludes with discussing the rise of creative class in a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between Right-to-Work (RTW) laws and creativity. Using data from the Kickstarter crowdfunding platform for the period 2010–2019, we find that the number of projects launched, the probability of success, the average amount of capital pledged, and the average number of backers are all significantly higher in states without RTW laws than in states with RTW laws. This finding holds for both Art- and Product- focused projects. Thus, our findings are consistent with the view that states without RTW laws provide a better outlet for creativity than states with RTW laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractCities old and new would benefit if they embraced a perspective distinct from the dominant thought regarding efforts to reinvent or contemporize themselves through urban renewal projects, specifically those related to social inclusion. Realism, as contrary to pragmatism, has been shown to impose a complacent attitude toward vulnerable urban communities through its attachments to predeterminacy. This paper analyzes the detrimental effects of a realist worldview on marginalized populations facing displacement as a result of these projects, and takes a Rortyan approach at delineating the implications of realist policy approaches in cities like Los Angeles, California, Detroit, Michigan, and Birmingham, England. The paper then turns to critique movements like ‘Detroit vs Everybody’ and Richard Florida’s model in The Rise of the Creative Class as an effort to endorse a reconceptualization of policies in which elites relinquish their realist attachments in favor of outcome driven, pragmatic solutions that will, in turn, relieve these marginalized groups of the infringement imposed upon them.

Intergenerational income mobility (IIM) is the ability to change social class regardless of social class of origin. While in Latin America the IIM is especially low, a new creative class has managed to reach the highest deciles in the region, without necessarily belonging to the ruling class. Given that creatives in Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) are especially well paid and there is an excess of demand from the labor market, we hypothesized that the increase in professionals in SET would increase IIM in Latin America. The methodology applied has two steps: first, we classified 72 countries in the world into three groups according to their IIM —7 are Latin American—; second, we estimate an ordered probit to know if the publications in SET (as a proxy of the professionals of these careers) affect the probability that the Latin American countries considered pass from one group to another. The results confirm the hypothesis.

Today cities in national and global competition focus on creativity. Although the creative city concept was invented by Gunnar Törnqvist in 1983, today the dominant concept is creative class articulated by Richard Florida in 2004. Cities are engaged to strengthen their social and cultural environment in the direction indicated in the works by Törnqvist, Peter Hall, Charles Landry, and Florida, and take effort to embed their fame as creative cities to their city branding. This let them communicate a creative image and develop an emotional bond to this image among larger social groups of tourists, employees and beyond. Consequently, their position in competition is improving. The emergence of creativity basically changed the characteristics of city competition since the turn of the millennia, cities – stakeholders in particular – focused on investment and infrastructure development beforehand. As the concept of the creative city already stabilized itself in worldwide city development and branding a new turn might come, and the market of good stories is emerging in city communication which can dim or even overwrite the importance of creativity. While good stories were always part of marketing, and contributed to city planning since the 1980s, their growing importance in city branding can reach a hypothetical point where a new market level develops, and a narrative turn occurs. In such cases, cities themselves carry good stories and the represented virtual reality creates a new market, where creativity will be only one among other stories. In this study we sketch up the three eras of branding in city competition, focusing on the emerging and fading role of creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academics are becoming more thoughtful on where they want to live as the culture war on queerness has entered higher education. Universities, in order to recruit the best and the brightest, need to consider how to create an environment that retains and attracts diverse talent. In this article, we examine how to recruit and support LGBTQIA+ faculty, acknowledging that universities are part of wider cultural and political forces. We use heteronormativities, creative class, and queer geographies to better understand the current state of the LGBTQIA+ community. We start by exploring the heteronormative and cisnormative assumptions about the community. We link university and creative class cultures and their impact on town-gown queer realities. Finally, we conclude with a look at the different steps a university can take to make their organization a more welcoming and inclusive place for LGBTQIA+ faculty and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the life experiences of creative expats and the associated impact of, and on, the built environment of their host localities. Grounded on participants' testimonies, we develop the concept of transient mentality as a potential mediating factor in-between such reciprocal relations. Employing an interview and survey-based research approach and drawing on grounded theory for data collection and analysis in Beijing, China, we found that the prevalence of a transient mentality among creative expats is influenced by the nature of their occupations, the fluidity of their social relationships, and the rapid transformations in the built environment. This transient mentality, in turn, affects the production of the cityscape through the consumption preferences of these expats. We argue that understanding such a transient mentality is crucial for urban planning and cultural policy, particularly in (emerging) global cities that work to brand themselves as international creative hubs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study delves into the evolving landscape of modern living in South Korea, which has the widespread apartment complexes that have emerged from the efficiencycentric approaches of industrial capitalism. It explores the paradigm shift in the 21st-century capitalist society, which now values creativity and individual expression over functionality and uniformity. This shift has led to a noticeable disparity between the monotonous spatial composition of mass-produced housing and the dynamic, creative lifestyles of contemporary residents. The research method involves a comprehensive analysis of both lifestyle and architectural magazines, providing insights into the changing preferences and lifestyles of residents, as well as the perspectives of professionals. The study aimed to highlight the changing nature of residential spaces and the design strategies, moving away from the conventional utility-focused designs, towards environments that foster creativity and reflect the individuality of inhabitants. Key findings indicate a growing public preference for residential spaces that are versatile, creatively stimulating, and aligned with the multifaceted nature of modern lifestyles. Contrasting these views, architectural experts emphasize the fundamental values of living, advocating for spaces that connect residents with nature and enrich everyday experiences through sensory engagement. The study concludes that while there is a divergence in perspectives between the general public and architectural specialists, both recognize the necessity for sustainable housing solutions. These solutions should cater to contemporary societal changes while preserving essential life values, thereby overcoming the limitations of the prevalent apartmentcentric urban housing model in South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today cities in national and global competition focus on creativity. Although the creative city concept was invented by Gunnar Törnqvist in 1983, today the dominant concept is creative class articulated by Richard Florida in 2004. Cities are engaged to strengthen their social and cultural environment in the direction indicated in the works by Törnqvist, Peter Hall, Charles Landry, and Florida, and take effort to embed their fame as creative cities to their city branding. This let them communicate a creative image and develop an emotional bond to this image among larger social groups of tourists, employees and beyond. Consequently, their position in competition is improving. The emergence of creativity basically changed the characteristics of city competition since the turn of the millennia, cities – stakeholders in particular – focused on investment and infrastructure development beforehand. As the concept of the creative city already stabilized itself in worldwide city development and branding a new turn might come, and the market of good stories is emerging in city communication which can dim or even overwrite the importance of creativity. While good stories were always part of marketing, and contributed to city planning since the 1980s, their growing importance in city branding can reach a hypothetical point where a new market level develops, and a narrative turn occurs. In such cases, cities themselves carry good stories and the represented virtual reality creates a new market, where creativity will be only one among other stories. In this study we sketch up the three eras of branding in city competition, focusing on the emerging and fading role of creativity.

At present digital transformation of the society faces the problem of a shortage of a highly qualified personnel - specialists in the field of the latest information technologies, intellectual scientists with a high-quality fundamental education. The solution to this problem lies in the introduction of new educational models and technologies. The purpose of the research is to study the strategy for the formation of a new conceptual scheme of modern education. It has been emphasized that two leading educational models are currently being successfully implemented and complement each other: the classical model of «completed» education with the basic principle of «education once and for life», covering the need of the society for the generation and dissemination of knowledge, as well as the storage of cultural ideals, and the second model, called the «lifelong education model», which meets the principle of «lifelong education», corresponding to the rapid changes in technology and the nature of digital transformations of the society. The article pays special attention to new educational technologies such as: 1) analytical technologies, which are based on the analysis of big data from educational institutions in real time; 2) adaptive (or intellectual) learning, which is based on the principles of personalization of learning and building an individual educational trajectory; 3) Smart education, using learning tools in an interactive educational environment with elements of distance and mobile education. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic approach and general methods of scientific knowledge, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization. The relevance of the topic is associated with increased attention to the problem of matching the quality of the Russian education with the promising tasks of the digital transformation of the Russian society. Key conclusion. A high professional level of the personnel reserve, which will be able to practically implement state digitalization programs, is possible and is associated with the construction of a new concept of modern education.

Copyright of Space & Society / Tér és Társadalom is the property of Centre for Economic & Regional Studies, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While third places have often been conceived as key drivers for technological innovation, further empirical modelling is necessary to verify such relationship. Drawing upon a database on geocoded patents and third places in Nanjing, China, this paper investigates their relationship at a grid cell level. The results suggest that both quantity and diversity of third places could be associated with the process of technological innovation. Furthermore, the study finds an inverted U-curve relationship between the quantity of third places and technological innovation, indicating that too many third places may not be linked with higher technological innovation capacity. It also suggests that the number of business incubators may weaken the relationship between third places and technological innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study looks to test the impact of student loan debt on the career choices of college graduates with majors in the arts in the USA. As earnings are on average lower and more variable for arts graduates when compared to graduates of many other fields, I hypothesize that student loan debt will decrease the likelihood arts graduates will work in jobs related to their major fields of study. National Survey of College Graduates data is used to test this hypothesis. I find that for arts graduates, owing on student debt decreases the likelihood of working in jobs closely related to their major fields by over 25% and decreases the likelihood they work as artists by over 30%. For all college graduates, the negative impact of student debt on working in closely related jobs to their major fields is only 3%. Student debt may have potential distributional impacts on who works as artists, as Black and Hispanic graduates and those whose parents did not attend college are more likely to have student debt and less likely to be working in jobs closely related to their major field of study. Policies that help to alleviate the debt burden on arts graduates, like debt relief, could help to mitigate these negative distributional impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context and Purpose: The origins of literature and the development of the scientific and operational themes of creative tourism are more debatable than the economic aspect, which finds its functional impulses in the hearts of designers and commentators of developed nations. From this transition, creative tourism is mentioned as the key highway of the future world in environmental exploitation and future territorial and local research. Tourism, with the objective combination of the concept of dialogue of civilizations, will be the basis of peace, development, and prosperity of human civilization. The present research has studied this important issue in the future of our country's economy and with the influence of global studies. Moreover, with the impact of the low role of creative tourism studies in the land economy, this study has investigated this important issue in Isfahan province Design/methodology/approach: This research, which is descriptive-analytical in terms of the purpose of development-applied research and descriptive-analytical in nature, uses the method of collecting libraries and surveying relevant organizations to evaluate the spatial distribution of operators of creative tourism (creative environment, creative process, industries, and creative product, and creative class) Findings: Findings of this study revealed 27 components (natural heritage, medicinal and natural plants, historical and cultural heritage, traditional cultural effects, tourism facilities, tourism service-welfare activities, process, performing and visual arts, audio-visual industries, games and entertainment, handicrafts, food, fashion and clothing, jewelry, books, publishing, creative services, engineers, music artists, fashion and clothing, cinema, theater, literature, handicrafts, visual arts, elite group, human investment, tourism employees) in the four mentioned areas, which have been achieved by using the CRITIC method, as well as the EDAS technique and, of course, using ArcGIS software. However, they show that based on the indicators, the studied cities are facing a relatively unfavorable and completely unfavorable situation) Conclusion: The objective findings of this research in combination with theoretical foundations and studies show that there are problems of planning, structure, and fundamental studies on the body of tourism that require extensive importance and attention to this area) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Creative strategies are strategies for activating the development of urban agglomeration, built on innovative projects, usually with an emphasis on the active development of local culture, the preservation of historical heritage and experience, the development of the uniqueness of the agglomeration, and may also include the ideas of a “smart city”. In agglomerations, creative strategies are implemented according to different scenarios, since urban spaces have different cultural and infrastructural contexts. The purpose of this article is to analyze approaches to understanding creative strategies in urban planning and urban space management; to consider the experience of a number of creative cities of the Russian Federation, including the city of Krasnodar, which will allow developing a number of measures within the framework of creative strategy as the most universal and promising approach to urban creativity. Materials and Methods. The presented research is based on the results of the works of authors studying various aspects and approaches to the development and use of creative strategies within the urban environment, engaged in the search for promising universal strategies that contribute to the development of the potential of the cultural, social, economic sphere of the creative city. Diagnostics of the state of the urban cultural environment, assessment of the creative activity of the largest Russian cities, identification of threats and justification of priorities for the development of the urban creative environment are based on the use of retrospective analysis, comparison, synthesis, analogy, generalization. Results. The features of modern creative strategies based on the concept of new urbanism are identified and analyzed. A comparative characteristic of the indices of creativity of urban spaces is given, the problems of their use are analyzed. The experience of creating and implementing projects of creative urban space of Russian cities is analyzed. A comprehensive analysis of internal and external factors, significant challenges and significant threats to the active development of the creative sphere of the city of Krasnodar has been carried out, which makes it possible to develop a number of measures within the framework of the creative strategy as the most promising approach to urban creativity. Discussion and Conclusion. The study allowed us to identify approaches to understanding creative strategies based on innovative ideas, a creative approach to solving problems with an emphasis on the development of art, local culture, preservation of historical heritage and the uniqueness of urban spaces. The conclusions and suggestions of this study can be used as a universal matrix for the development of activities within the framework of a creative strategy for the development of modern urban space.

Many Croatian island municipalities depend on tourism, which provides income by using natural resources; however, traditional tourism is labour intensive and low-skilled which leads to low wages and low possibilities to increase productivity. This paper aims to analyse and discuss other possibilities than traditional tourist industry for the Croatian islands to develop. We will turn towards the concept of digital nomads to discuss if digital nomads can be a solution for the Croatian islands. As a starting point, we use a conceptual model inspired by Harris and Todaro's theoretical outline. We discuss the new possibilities that digitalisation has opened for these islands. The digital economy has made where and when work is performed less important. Thus, the lines between work and non-work are blurred. Tourist industry must look ahead for new forms of mobility and new kinds of work and non-work, which may bring positive exogenous effects to the islands in the form of higher educational level, cultural activities, and purchase power. Our main point is that turning towards attracting digital nomads can, to some extent, be a solution.

One of the main factors in increasing income and employment, as the most important pillar of livable cities, is attracting the creative class and investors. Implementing innovative plans and making basic investments in line with sustainable development requires many conditions and fields, one of the most important of which is the availability of cultural and social fields. But so far, this field and categories have been less in the focus of attention. For this purpose, in this study, an attempt was made to take into account the role and position of culture and social contexts in attracting investors to the city of Mashhad by using the descriptive-analytical method. For this purpose, emphasis was mainly placed on the main drivers of this field. To reach this goal, the required information was collected from library and field sources. In the field part, the research sample included 30 qualified people in this field, who were selected by purposeful sampling. Micmac software was also used for data analysis. The results showed that the factors that influence the attraction of the creative class and investors and the increase of targeted investments in the city of Mashhad are: Investment in research and development, laws and regulations, number of resident foreigners, information and communication technology, appropriate financing, flight destinations and active airlines, rate of invention and innovation, level of literacy and education, performance evaluation and reward system, financial policies, flexible financial systems, scientific and technical exchanges and interaction between university and industry.

Creative industry workers play a significant role in the growth of urban economy and migration of the creative class (CC) is a major dimension of economic migration in modern economies. Highly talented individuals are more mobile than other workers, and their spatial preferences differ from those of other employees. Many factors influence the migration tendencies of the CC. tolerance, talent, and technology factors (Florida, 2002), determine the attractiveness of cities, and both soft and hard factors can influence locational preferences. Besides better income and living standards, various factors play a role. Quality of Life (QoL) is one of these factors and plays a significant role in locational preferences. This factor creates a magnet-like environment attracting other creative professionals from different cities. In terms of creative sectors, Istanbul holds a significant share. However, recent times display a rising trend of creative migration. This paper intends to analyze migration trends of the CC from Istanbul to Izmir, through the lens of QoL and decipher the reasons why the CC of a leading city in culture and creative industries, migrate to a lower-rank city in cultural economy. The study questions whether the Creative Migration Theory parameters fully explain the local experience (migration from İstanbul to Izmir) by way of investigating migration tendencies of the CC through the indicators of QoL. The research shows that creative migration to Izmir has different reasons and motivations. Findings indicate that the reasons for CC migration from Istanbul to Izmir are related to their satisfaction levels and living standards in terms of social, environmental, economic and physical aspects. Although Izmir does not stand out as an upper-rank city according to the CC Theory and the parameters QoL, it still attracts the CC. in its impact, Izmir constitutes an asymmetric example for mobility of the CC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vital goal of this article is to examine waterfront development and creative class roles. It also discusses the importance of critical evaluation for sustaining social inclusion on urban waterfronts. Testing took place on the Kyrenia waterfront upgrade for creative classes and other people to determine waterfronts' physical, functional, social, and cultural suitability. To determine the preferences, needs, and satisfaction levels of urban waterfront users, a survey, along with structured observations, was conducted: cultural and creative places and activities, appropriate rules and regulations, motivated entrepreneurs, continuous fund opportunities, preserving the historical context, cultural heritage, and unique values, physical and functional sufficiency, social well-being, and adequate accessibility, as well as tolerance and open-mindedness. A survey was conducted (sample size = 250), and subsequent systematic observations were conducted to obtain the data. As the survey findings indicate, the Kyrenia Waterfront has physical, functional, cultural, and social barriers that challenge both creatives and prospective creatives, including students and employers. Physically, inadequate infrastructure and accessibility challenges were reported. Functionally, limited amenities and inefficient land use were identified. Culturally, a lack of preservation of historical elements was evident. Socially, a sense of exclusion and inadequate community spaces were noted. These obstacles result in reduced attractiveness, limited community engagement, and hindered economic potential for the Kyrenia Waterfront. While the severity may vary, similar issues likely extend across the city, suggesting a broader urban challenge rather than a unique problem specific to the Kyrenia Waterfront alone. Critical evaluation is an essential component of the design process. Critical evaluation should involve collaboration among design professionals, clients, users, communities, public officials, and relevant experts to ensure a holistic and practical design outcome. Comprehensive policies should address the results of such an evaluation. Hence, it should be considered when determining what is required to create a community inclusive of all creative class segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios de Desarrollo is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios de Desarrollo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper covers a comprehensive study of the creative class in Türkiye in terms of new job prospects. Nowadays, creativity is one of key skills necessary for future jobs. People, who have creative and innovative thinking, generate original ideas and produce unique products, form a special stratum of society called creative class. Creative class professionals include scientists, teachers, artists, models, social media influencers, etc. This article is intended to outline the specifics of new type of workers' lifestyle which implies comfortable living conditions known as "quality of place." In order to clarify how ready Türkiye is for the development of the creative class, the state of the labor market is analyzed. It has been revealed that the Turkish labor market is characterized by both strengths (e.g. large population, a large share of the youth, increase in labor productivity) and weaknesses (e.g. labor underutilization, limited female labor participation, lack of skills). People mainly work in agriculture, industry, service sector and construction. These characteristics outline the basis for the rise of the creative class and the emergence of new careers in Türkiye. Correspondingly, this research is aimed at analysis and assessment of factors, circumstances and preconditions for the emergence of the creative class in Türkiye as well as determining the creative class job opportunities. The methodology of the study is founded on exploring new and potential jobs that will be required by the future. The article presents a framework for the assessment of the creative class in Türkiye based on the standard measures of job quantity, as well as job quality and labor market inclusiveness. The paper proposes the vision of how Türkiye can drive talent transformation and upskill its workforce in order to satisfy demand for innovative type of workers and take advantage of new opportunity. This study provides a unique and vital contribution to ongoing discussions about the significance of the creative class for employment highlighting the universalized assumptions concerning the position of these professionals in the Turkish economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creative class has been argued to both hamper and support economic resilience. As such, we propose a new framework on the significance of the creative class for local economic resilience, namely: the creativity and resilience analysis approach (CREA). The study contributes to the literature (1) by evaluating resilience through an index that includes multiple dimensions of creativity-based economic development; and (2) by identifying preliminary findings that link economic resilience with spatial shifts in local labour markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many Croatian island municipalities depend on tourism, which provides income by using natural resources; however, traditional tourism is labour intensive and low-skilled which leads to low wages and low possibilities to increase productivity. This paper aims to analyse and discuss other possibilities than traditional tourist industry for the Croatian islands to develop. We will turn towards the concept of digital nomads to discuss if digital nomads can be a solution for the Croatian islands. As a starting point, we use a conceptual model inspired by Harris and Todaro's theoretical outline. We discuss the new possibilities that digitalisation has opened for these islands. The digital economy has made where and when work is performed less important. Thus, the lines between work and non-work are blurred. Tourist industry must look ahead for new forms of mobility and new kinds of work and non-work, which may bring positive exogenous effects to the islands in the form of higher educational level, cultural activities, and purchase power. Our main point is that turning towards attracting digital nomads can, to some extent, be a solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovations play a crucial role to foster the economic growth and sustainable development by addressing urgent economic and social needs, and by enhancing productivity and competitiveness. Due to its significance, this study examines the impact of civil liberties and creative class on innovation output in case of Pakistan. Innovation output is proxied by patent and trademark applications of residents of Pakistan. The study employs a time series data over the period of 1982-2014 and negative binomial method to test the hypotheses empirically. The results implicitly support the hypotheses that lesser civil liberties are negatively related to the innovation output. Whereas, explicitly lesser civil liberties negatively but insignificantly related to the patent applications and are significantly positively related to the trademark applications. Creative class and school enrollment positively significantly related to the innovation output. Other factors such as, political rights and foreign direct investment negatively insignificantly relates to the trademark applications whereas positively significantly relates to patent applications. Expenditures on education as percentage of GDP (Proxy of R&D) negatively and significantly relates to trademark applications but negatively insignificantly to patent applications.

The current era acknowledges the immense impact of creativity on economic growth and regional development. There is an ongoing debate about the position of creativity and its sources and implications in regional economies when thorougly examining regional disparities. We contribute to the debate by piloting an investigation of five groups of creative actors whose links and consequences for regional growth and the quaternary sector were explored. As a case study, the NUTS2 regions of the Czech Republic were selected for analysis (2015-2017). Given the nature of selected indicators, the causality results and the substantive importance of our investigation, the selected time period is not a limiting factor for our analyses. The empirical conclusions of the conducted study clearly confirmed the theoretically and logically defined thesis on the diverse importance of creative actors in regional economies.

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The concept of class focuses historically on the economic exploitation of labor and on the conflict that arises between the exploited and exploiters. The German sociologists Hartmut Rosa and Andreas Reckwitz contribute in different ways to a new conceptualization of class society. In the culturalized class society the measure of the quality of life is the capacity of the individual to achieve self-realization as a unique and authentic individual. In this society of singularities culture plays a crucial role for the ability to establish meaning and motivation which potentially give religion, religious symbols, and religious narratives an important role in the realization of an authentic and unique life course. The article presents Rosa’s and Reckwitz’ theories and discusses the possible role of religion. Furthermore, it identifies the differences between the classical and the new class society and critically discusses the capacity of contemporary sociology of religion to grasp the consequences of their theories. DANSK RESUMÉ: Klassebegrebet har traditionelt handlet om den økonomiske udbytning af arbejdskraft og den konflikt der udspiller sig mellem udbyttede og udbyttere. De tyske sociologer Hartmut Rosa og Andreas Reckwitz bidrager på forskellig vis til forståelsen af et nyt klassesamfund. I det ‘kulturaliserede klassesamfund’ har den enkeltes evne til at realisere sig selv som et unikt og autentisk individ fået en ny og afgørende rolle for udlevelsen af et vellykket liv. I dette ‘singulariteternes samfund’ spiller kulturprodukter, herunder religion, en afgørende rolle for etableringen af mening og motivation, og hermed får også religion og særligt religiøse symboler og narrativer en potentielt vigtig rolle for realiseringen af et autentisk og unikt liv. Artiklen redegør for Rosas og Reckwitz’ samtidsdiagnoser og diskuterer religionens rolle heri. Derudover identificerer den forskellene mellem det gamle og det nye klassesamfund og forholder sig kritisk til den eksisterende religionssociologis evne til at håndtere konsekvenserne af denne diagnose.

Creative Hubs are mostly both bottom-up initiatives by artists and other creatives, and the object of policy makers, who see in the creative hubs an opportunity for urban regeneration and an impulse to the local economy. The tension between these two forces in the largest cities in the Netherlands has been analysed in this article. How does local policy deal with the norms, values, and rules at hub sites? In order to answer this question, we used the Reconstructed Policy Theory (RPT) to attribute the goals described in policy documents to underlying values. We conclude that after more than two decades, Creative Hub Policy still is in a nascent state, in the sense that local governments still struggle to define what a creative hub exactly is. Our analysis also shows that Hub Policy, while creating space for artists, is based on other than artistic values: mainly economic and social. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We focus on an aggregate economy of two nearby cities A and B and study whether it is possible for the leviathan governments in these two cities to use taxes τA and τB to attract members of the so-called creative class. The creative class population is fixed and members locate either in city A or B depending on the utility from such location. In this setting, we accomplish five tasks. First, given the two taxes, we determine the value of a metric ζ that describes how the creative class population partitions into cities A and B. Second, for a given partition of the creative class population, we state the budget constraints confronting the governments in cities A and B. Third, we state and solve the decision problems of the two governments when they act as independent leviathans and maximize tax revenue. Fourth, we ascertain the efficient taxes that maximize the sum of tax revenues in the aggregate economy. Finally, we discuss the implications of our analysis for tax policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main factors in increasing income and employment, as the most important pillar of livable cities, is attracting the creative class and investors. Implementing innovative plans and making basic investments in line with sustainable development requires many conditions and fields, one of the most important of which is the availability of cultural and social fields. But so far, this field and categories have been less in the focus of attention. For this purpose, in this study, an attempt was made to take into account the role and position of culture and social contexts in attracting investors to the city of Mashhad by using the descriptive-analytical method. For this purpose, emphasis was mainly placed on the main drivers of this field. To reach this goal, the required information was collected from library and field sources. In the field part, the research sample included 30 qualified people in this field, who were selected by purposeful sampling. Micmac software was also used for data analysis. The results showed that the factors that influence the attraction of the creative class and investors and the increase of targeted investments in the city of Mashhad are: Investment in research and development, laws and regulations, number of resident foreigners, information and communication technology, appropriate financing, flight destinations and active airlines, rate of invention and innovation, level of literacy and education, performance evaluation and reward system, financial policies, flexible financial systems, scientific and technical exchanges and interaction between university and industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a globalized world cities are increasingly confronted with global shocks. In this context cities need to adopt strategies to increase their economic performance and resilience. One strategy that has become increasingly popular is represented by policies designed to attract the creative class, which are arguably an improvement compared to more traditional policy approaches. However, authors have warned that an excessive focus on attracting the creative class can be detrimental if authorities ignore the importance of historical paths and of traditional variables responsible for economic growth, especially in the case of coordinated economies. As such, in the present paper we investigate the complementarity between the creative input variables and their traditional equivalents in terms of the extent to which they predict economic development and economic resilience. In doing so we focus on the case of Romania, a former communist country, whit a historically more centralized and coordinated economy. The findings highlight the complementarity of the two policy approaches, as traditional variables are correlated with the number of jobs and the income level at the level of municipalities, while the concentration of creative workers is strongly correlated with labour productivity. However, neither traditional nor creative input variables have an impact on the resistance or recovery of Romanian municipalities in the aftermath of the 2008 economic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the challenges posed by the early discourse of the creative city in the case of Patras, a regional city of Greece and European Capital of Culture in 2006 before the prolonged economic crisis in Greece. We focus on the relevance and the forms of cultural creation and artistic networking for the creative city rather than on innovation hubs and technological creativity. We develop a qualitative study of culture creatives in the city to examine the potential of local cultural and artistic agents, social groups and institutions to enhance networking and clustering in the urban milieu, which is also influenced or distorted by city planning capacities and politics. The culture management study identifies several constraints and frictions related to the potential transformation of cultural networks to clusters and analyzes the relevance of cultural lag in the literature of creative cities and urban regeneration. The constraints are discussed within a framework of cultural and institutional lag, which characterize city stakeholders. The study identifies practices that enable organizational facilitation and capacity for proactive culture creation, creative networking and potential clustering. Those activities support culture-led socio-economic urban regeneration planning and inspire the potential making of a creative city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite numerous studies examining the validity of Florida's creative class approach in the field of urban and regional development, no research on the entrepreneurial part of this theory has been conducted in Turkey. In this context, this study analyzes the entrepreneurial potential of the creative class working as R&D employees in technoparks and industrial park in Turkey. The study focuses on the creative class's demographic characteristics, human capital capabilities, and spatial featues as entrepreneurial tendencies. Using a mixed research method, a survey was conducted with 1352 R&D employees operating in 14 major provinces of Turkey and 255 R&D employees were interviewed simultaneously. The data obtained were analyzed using MAXQDA and SPSS software. The findings show that R&D employees define entrepreneurship primarily in terms of personal traits and effort; their perception of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial experience influence whether they regard themselves as capable of becoming entrepreneurs in the future. Participants who have prior entrepreneurial experience and receive government support have a more optimistic attitude toward becoming an entrepreneur in the future. Additionally, it is evident that the characteristics of the cities and business regions where the creative class lives and works have an impact on entrepreneurship and that these locations enhance the entrepreneurial potential of R&D professionals. Based on R&D employees' experience, opportunity, human capital, and personality traits, the final results reveal that there is a creative class with a very high potential to be entrepreneurs in the future. This conclusion indicates that R&D employee entrepreneurship, which has a high potential for the Turkish entrepreneurship ecosystem, should be promoted primarily through public policies and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities engage in branding to present themselves as attractive locations. Some seek to gain recognition as world cities this way. The article identifies liveable environments with inclusive societies, events/mega-events, and iconic architecture as key components of such strategies. These thoughts are applied to Cape Town and Johannesburg. The former brands itself as an 'opportunity city.' It fits well into world city making through attraction as a place to live and work, and a related focus on the knowledge elite. Johannesburg, meanwhile, presents itself as the 'gateway' to Africa against the backdrop of infrastructures for communication, finance, and transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of innovative technologies in workspaces, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart systems, has been increasing, yet it remains in the minority of the total number of smart system applications. However, universities and technopoles are part of open innovation that can encourage experimental IoT and smart system projects in places. This research considers the challenges and advantages of developing intelligent environments with smart systems in the Technology Development Zones (TDZs) of Turkey. The growth of Silicon Valley has inspired many technopoles in different countries. Thus, the article includes first a comprehensive survey of the story of Silicon Valley and the emerging technological potential of open and responsible innovation for intelligent spaces and technoparks with rising innovative interest. The study then conducts empirical research in inspecting the performance of TDZs in Turkey. In the research, machine learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) models are applied in the analyses of critical performance indicators for encouraging incentives and investments in innovative attempts and productivity in TDZs; the challenges, potential, and need for intelligent spaces are evaluated accordingly. This article also reports on the minority of the design staff and the lack of innovation in developing intelligent spaces in the organization of the creative class in Turkey. Consequently, the research proposes a set of implementations for deploying intelligent spaces to be practiced in new and existing TDZs by considering their potential for sustainable and responsible innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows how the metropolitan creative classes in Poland reacted to the changes in the organization of everyday life caused by the COVID‐19 pandemic, especially its temporality and rhythmicity. The pandemic and lockdowns reorganized previous ways of experiencing and managing time. Based on our empirical research and research by other scholars, we have identified some of the most common disruptions of pandemic temporality. However, a vital element of the article is to specify how the social category we studied dealt with these disruptions. In doing so, we show that the response to the breakdown of the previous order of everyday life was to restore a sense of stability actively. We were also interested in the possible, also negative consequences of the findings for the social category under study. The empirical basis for the article are in‐depth interviews conducted during the fourth phase of the ongoing research project [title anonymized], which began during the first weeks of the lockdown in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current era acknowledges the immense impact of creativity on economic growth and regional development. There is an ongoing debate about the position of creativity and its sources and implications in regional economies when thorougly examining regional disparities. We contribute to the debate by piloting an investigation of five groups of creative actors whose links and consequences for regional growth and the quaternary sector were explored. As a case study, the NUTS2 regions of the Czech Republic were selected for analysis (2015-2017). Given the nature of selected indicators, the causality results and the substantive importance of our investigation, the selected time period is not a limiting factor for our analyses. The empirical conclusions of the conducted study clearly confirmed the theoretically and logically defined thesis on the diverse importance of creative actors in regional economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovations play a crucial role to foster the economic growth and sustainable development by addressing urgent economic and social needs, and by enhancing productivity and competitiveness. Due to its significance, this study examines the impact of civil liberties and creative class on innovation output in case of Pakistan. Innovation output is proxied by patent and trademark applications of residents of Pakistan. The study employs a time series data over the period of 1982-2014 and negative binomial method to test the hypotheses empirically. The results implicitly support the hypotheses that lesser civil liberties are negatively related to the innovation output. Whereas, explicitly lesser civil liberties negatively but insignificantly related to the patent applications and are significantly positively related to the trademark applications. Creative class and school enrollment positively significantly related to the innovation output. Other factors such as, political rights and foreign direct investment negatively insignificantly relates to the trademark applications whereas positively significantly relates to patent applications. Expenditures on education as percentage of GDP (Proxy of R&D) negatively and significantly relates to trademark applications but negatively insignificantly to patent applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Faculty of Letters / Edebiyat Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Hacettepe University Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We analyze interregional competition between two regions A and B that use taxes to attract a representative creative class member (the entrepreneur). This entrepreneur establishes a firm in either region A or B, which guarantees her profit. However, if the entrepreneur locates in region A, she also obtains a stochastic, location-specific rent that is either high with positive probability or low with positive complementary probability. In this setting, we accomplish three tasks. First, given the values of the two tax rates, we determine the payoff to the entrepreneur in the two regions for the two possible values of the location-specific rent in A. Second, we ascertain when the entrepreneur will locate in A for both the rent values and when she will locate in B. Finally, we compute the tax rate that B will set and then specify a condition which ensures that the entrepreneur locates in B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superstar cities with high-paying creative-class jobs, venture capital, and innovation are thought to be more unequal. We analyze mixing in neighbourhoods by income, education and occupation, relating this intra-urban measure with regional productivity indicators. Using non-overlapping census units and a machine-learning estimation technique that iterates over all combinations of economic, business, housing and cultural indicators, we identify ‘ingredients’ associated with economically and socially diverse neighbourhoods. Broad support is not found that neighbourhoods in superstar regions are less mixed; however, overrepresentation in creative occupations stymies mixing as does a combination of weak economic fundamentals with high shares of new housing.