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Background and objective: Nursing homes are threatened by external and internal threats, effect of which may result in a crisis situation (state of emergency). While managing an already existing emergency, it is necessary to create conditions allowing the elderly to maintain their fundamental human and civil rights. Any interference with human and civil rights is acceptable only in a state of emergency when crisis measures are applied. Social isolation was one of the emergency measures within the Covid-19 pandemics and involuntary social isolation may result in one's state of depression. To eliminate this prediction, it is necessary to create such conditions that enable the elderly to maintain their basic human needs as well as civil rights. The authors therefore aim to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of possible alternative communication tools and strategies in the nursing homes along with the ways of a potential reduction of negative effects of social contacts restrictions. Methods: On the basis of an online questionnaire, a community of experts evaluated alternative communication tools on a scale from 1 to 5, considering three factors: 1. benefit for the elderly; 2. financial requirements for purchasing/provision for a nursing home; 3. organization requirements for a nursing home. A cost-benefit evaluation was performed to determine a ranking of individual alternative tools. Results: The acquired results of questionnaire survey served as a tool to determine the ranking of importance of individual alternative communication tools that are feasible depending on specific conditions of a nursing home. Conclusion: The research identified useful tools that may help in the nursing homes to mitigate the impacts resulting from restrictions applied in the state of emergency and associated initiatives in the field of mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of crises is one of the most important areas of economic science. Sanctions against Russia in 2022 have led to significant functional and structural shifts in the national economy. Effective anti-crisis management in crisis conditions becomes one of the main directions of its overcoming in Russian economy. The issues of improving the mechanism of crisis management at the present historical stage are actualised. The purpose is study of anti-crisis management methods for the development of an effective anti-crisis mechanism. Objectives is to study the existing methods of anti-crisis management in the light of international experience. The authors used methods of analysis, synthesis and comparison, and abstract-logical method in the research. The analytical method of information processing, synthesis and deduction of theoretical aspects of the concept of crisis and crisis management was carried out. A study of methods of crisis management, considering international experience, systematization and analysis of existing principles of state crisis management of the economy was carried out. The content and role of modern methods of crisis management deserves special attention. In the context of the sanctions announced against Russia, it is necessary to develop more advanced approaches to crisis management. The model of the anti-crisis mechanism for building an effective management system in the country’s economy is considered.

The COVID-19 pandemic required a number of emergency measures in the Czech Republic, which included crisis measures of the Czech government. These measures have often signifi cantly affected a number of constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms of individuals and legal entities, who did not always agree with the government measures, especially with their content, scope and duration. The article therefore deals with the basic question of whether these persons (affected by the government crisis measures) can or could defend themselves directly against these measures, and if so, by what legal means and under what conditions? The author also addresses the question of what the legal form of these government crisis measures is. Determining the legal form of a certain activity is the primary precondition for us to be able to correctly determine the appropriate means of defence. Unfortunately, the law does not regulate this subject matter. It is therefore necessary to rely primarily on the findings of legal science and relevant case law (especially of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic and the Supreme Administrative Court).

Using a comprehensive database of financial data and data on public support, we aim at documenting the actual (and not predicted) effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on firms’ liquidity. A drain of the non-financial corporations’ liquidity was unprecedented and highly asymmetric across sectors. A simple descriptive analysis enables us to evaluate (partially) the effectiveness of support measures and to provide insights on how well-targeted support measures were from the sectoral perspective. Acting in concert, the governments and the European Union (EU) institutions concerned seem to succeed in preventing massive illiquidity (for now). Crisis measures were targeted mostly at firms with positive cash flow in the pre-pandemic year and ensured additional 3.4 percent of firms from the analysed sectors to sustain positive cash flow and 0.6 percent of firms to recover. Strikingly, the share of inactive firms decreased in 2020 compared to 2019, which might indicate that measures supported de facto dead companies. Considering the proportion of firms, the most vulnerable sector benefited most, but not when we think about a reduction in cash flow compensated for with direct grants. The approach “whatever is necessary” in a form of “flat” public support might thus lead to not optimally targeted beneficiaries.

Using a comprehensive database of financial data and data on public support, we aim at documenting the actual (and not predicted) effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on firms' liquidity. A drain of the non-financial corporations’ liquidity was unprecedented and highly asymmetric across sectors. A simple descriptive analysis enables us to evaluate (partially) the effectiveness of support measures and to provide insights on how well-targeted support measures were from the sectoral perspective. Acting in concert, the governments and the European Union (EU) institutions concerned seem to succeed in preventing massive illiquidity (for now). Crisis measures were targeted mostly at firms with positive cash flow in the prepandemic year and ensured additional 3.4 percent of firms from the analysed sectors to sustain positive cash flow and 0.6 percent of firms to recover. Strikingly, the share of inactive firms decreased in 2020 compared to 2019, which might indicate that measures supported de facto dead companies. Considering the proportion of firms, the most vulnerable sector benefited most, but not when we think about a reduction in cash flow compensated for with direct grants. The approach “whatever is necessary” in a form of “flat” public support might thus lead to not optimally targeted beneficiaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic and financial crisis measures stretched the legal fundaments of the EMU Treaty framework to their utmost boundaries and provoked watering down, mutating or even circumventing the existing Treaty limits. Instead of continuing with this pattern when pursuing further reforms, we advise to not only adjust the underlying constitutional EMU framework substantively but address first and foremost the deadlock given by the rigid EU Treaty framework as such by de-constitutionalizing EMU law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the powers and position of the Constitutional Court regarding the declaration of the state of emergency, crisis measures of the government and the Ministry of Health's emergency measures. It argues through an analysis of recent case-law that the Constitutional Court's approach was in many cases too formalistic, which made effective judicial protection unachievable. At the same time, examples from abroad and the latest decision of the Constitutional Court show the need for substantive review (especially of the crisis measures). Furthermore, it is argued that the current caselaw is, in some ways, inconsistent, contradictory, or is evading some questions. Moreover, the article suggests some solutions to these problems - it is equating the Constitutional Court and review of the declaration of the state of emergency to the European Court for Human Rights and proposes to enshrine new powers or use of academic decisions for review of no longer effective crisis measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subject of research is revenues of the state budget of Ukraine. The goal of this research paper is to analyze the revenues of the state budget of Ukraine. Methods which were used in course of research: generalization, comparative analysis method, statistical method and other methods. Study results. Characterized and analyzed the revenues of the state budget of Ukraine. Application of results: Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Conclusions. Question to balance the state budget always was and will be relevant both for Ukraine and for other countries. Therefore, we believe that at the current stage of development of the revenue base of the State budget of Ukraine urgent problem is the definition of the system revenues of the state budget with the aim of defining the foundations of its functioning, factors of influence and improvement of regulation.

The article deals with the features of the functioning of the Ukrainian exchange market for the period 2013-2018. Ukrainian foreign exchange market’s key indicators and dynamics of their results have been analyzed. Trends in the official exchange rate (OER) of the national currency (UAH) to foreign currencies (USD, EUR) were studied. The dynamics of volumes of foreign exchange interventions conducted by the National Bank of Ukraine was considered. The change in the volume of foreign-currency transaction (purchase/sale) by banking institutions have been investigated in this article. The paper gives a detailed analysis of the dynamics of the ratio of cash and non-cash foreign currency transactions’ volume by the National Bank of Ukraine, as well as the tendency of changes in the volumes of international reserves. The obtained results make it possible to describe the main crisis measures to stabilize the situation on the currency market of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actual problems of enterprise restructuring are considered. Activities for the company's according to each stage of the process of restructuring are proposed. Also focused on the social aspect as the impact of restructuring.Рассматриваются актуальные проблемы реструктуризации предприятий. Предлагаются мероприятия соответственно каждого этапа процесса реструктуризации. Акцентировано внимание на социальных аспектах та последствиях проведения реструктуризации.

Achieving the goals of the Government tax policy is not possible without a corresponding tax administration fitness without a modernization in relation to the requirements of Romania integration in the European Union. Achievement of the objectives and satisfying the requirements of European Union integration can be satisfied by a reformed tax administration on at least two ways: increasing the efficiency of collection of revenue by raising collection, reducing the expenditure necessary to finance this process and taxpayers confidence in the ability of the tax authority to manage the implementation of tax legislation.

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