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The study investigates the relationship between acculturation depression and refugee attitudes toward the temporal continuum. Methodologies include the use of the Beck Depression Scale to assess severity and the Zimbardo Time Perspectives Inventory, which consists of five scales: positive and negative past, future, and fatalistic or hedonistic present. A total of 40 respondents participated in the research, divided into two subgroups: socially active (22 individuals) and socially passive (18 individuals). The findings indicate that socially active individuals exhibited the lowest presence of depressive syndromes at 77.3%, whereas socially passive individuals displayed indicators within sub-depression categories. Regarding temporal orientation, the first group leaned towards a future-oriented perspective (50%), while the second group showed a tendency towards a negative past orientation (38.89%). The study highlights the intricate relationship between subjects’ levels of social activity and their propensity for depression based on their orientation towards time.

The article with allusions on Nietzsche’s provocation about history lessons proposes an interdisciplinary approach to academic scholarship considered as a special cultural and organizational form of advanced studies aimed at professional development or skill exchange, which have influence on human being in contemporary societies involved in the process of globalization. The theoretical conceptualization of institutionalized forms of scholarships and internships is analyze in connection with its practical representation and economical allocation. Pathological representations of academic scholarship as an end in itself are unveiled as a kind of conspicuous consumptions symbolizing the status position or exclusivity on the borders between academic community and mass-media. The purpose of this article is to explicate some representations of academic scholarship in the contexts of the academic capitalism searching the way of overcoming its utilitarian limitations with universal ethical imperatives. To realize such a purpose, phenomenological reduction is applied in combination with the biographical method. Assumptions made in the article are verified on biographical fragments of curriculum vitae of influential sociologists such as Ralf Dahrendorf and Niklas Luhmann, because the social and professional self-realization and revision of the life-priorities of them was due in many aspects to academic scholarship gained by different ways but with success, especially in the field of educational policy and in the case of establishing democracy in the process of post-totalitarian transformation in Germany. This experience can be useful for Ukraine as well. The phenomenon of the cultural shock and its influence on visiting scholars is explicated. The role of communication between epistemic cultures is emphasized on by overcoming epistemic injustice and establishing academic integrity.

Purpose — This study aims to investigate the dual impacts of cultural shock and economic development in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone on the preservation of local culture. Method — Employing a qualitative approach, this research utilizes in-depth interviews and observations to collect data from residents, tourists, and stakeholders within the Mandalika. The gathered insights provide a comprehensive understanding of the cultural impacts, economic developments, and changes in behavior, lifestyle, and cultural norms. Result — The study reveals a range of positive and negative impacts stemming from the collision of local culture with global influences. Positive effects include the introduction of local culture to the world, economic empowerment through tourism, preservation through education, and increased cultural awareness. Conversely, negative outcomes encompass cultural dilution, excessive commercialization, clashes of values, social imbalances, and shifts in lifestyle. These changes manifest in increased social interactions, adoption of global business ethics, modern lifestyle adoption, shifts in consumption patterns, adjustments to tourist expectations, clothing influences, and more. Contribution — This research contributes to the understanding of the intricate interplay between cultural shock, economic growth, and the preservation of local culture in SEZs. By delineating the positive and negative outcomes, this study informs stakeholders and policymakers about the challenges and opportunities presented by cultural shock. It underscores the necessity for balanced strategies that uphold cultural heritage while harnessing economic benefits in the context of SEZ development.

The current need in the travel and tourism industry is to increase the number of walk-ins and drive continuous innovations, focusing on the cocreation of enhanced Virtual Reality (VR) experiences in developing countries. This study analyzed the use of VR in the Indian travel and tourism industry and the perspectives of travelers and travel operators regarding the use of VR as a marketing tool. This study also explores how its applications can enhance customer satisfaction and provide strategic e-value to the Indian travel and tourism industry. The methodology used consisted of a quantitative approach with a systematic literature review in the field of VR, and augmented reality, and an analysis of data collected from two sample groups: travel operators and tourists. The primary data were analyzed using cross-tabs and structural equation modeling. It was noted that the VR trend in the Indian tourism industry is still in its infancy, and the proposed stakeholder engagement will aid the growth of tourism in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the problem of interethnic communication in tourism in the context of globalization. The need to get to know other cultures as closely as possible in their current state is one of the defining ones for a modern tourist. The practice of recent decades shows that countries that pay special attention to interethnic communication in tourism are developing quite dynamically. At the same time, there is not only an economic recovery and improvement of the infrastructure of the region, but also mutual cultural enrichment of all parties entering into communication.

С позиции антропо-системного подхода рассмотрены основания психологического сопровождения процесса адаптации иностранных студентов. В рамках данного подхода установлено, что психологический стресс выступает в качестве механизма саморазвития, самореализации и личностного роста человека. В связи с этим работа по адаптации иностранных студентов должна быть ориентирована на развитие конструктивных стратегий, ресурсов и умений у студентов преодолевать возникающие трудности, способов и навыков межкультурной коммуникации, а также на создание условий (внутренних и внешних) для творческой самореализации, что позволит студентам становиться более чувствительными и осознанными как по отношению к собственным изменениям, так и более сензитивными по отношению к возможностям среды. Определено, что именно такая активность, направленная как на поиск условий среды для реализации своих смыслов и ценностей, так и на ее активное преобразование, позволяет улучшать и качество жизни, и субъективное благополучие молодежи. Установлено, что основными показателями успешной адаптации и возможности самореализации иностранных студентов в поликультурном образовательном пространстве университета выступают субъективное качество жизни, позитивная этническая идентичность и толерантность.

Interest in studying intergenerational transmission of philanthropic values has increased in recent years. However, the studies on this topic are limited in their scope. The goal of this paper is to expand our knowledge and present evidence from a research study that sheds light on the main themes, difficulties, and dilemmas associated with the process of intergenerational transmission of philanthropic values and behaviors. Before describing the findings of our research which is based on interviews with offspring of philanthropic families, we will present a review of past studies and the current state of knowledge. These studies are important and serve as the basis to the conceptual framework of the current research and to the formulation of the questions explored here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Idafat : Arab Journal of Sociology is the property of Centre for Arab Unity Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the forms of address in the Italian language. They form an integral and important part of human speech behavior and frequently determine attitude toward the speaker in interlingual and intercultural communication. Several forms of politeness coincide both in Italian and Russian (form “tu”-you and “Lei”-You-respectful), but at the same time there are unique forms in Italian not exampled in the Russian language, complicating its learning and further practice. Yet another confusing communicative issue is a title added to a person’s name or surname. Thus a title “doctor” is used for any person holding a university degree; “professor” is relevant to those earning Ph.D., the same as “engineer, lawyer, and architect” for suitable occupations. Neglecting politeness formulas and addressing by incorrect titles may send cultural shockwaves when interacting with the Italians. These forms can be undoubtedly found in the educational literature but all their peculiar properties are left at the discretion of the professor. This work is to fll the gap and help the learners to look into the peculiarities of using the forms of address. The article is addressed to those who study this language and contact the Italians.

In article the concept of «cultural shock», the reasons and the main signs of emergence of this state are considered. Stages of cultural adaptation, causes and effects of social psychological state of the person, being in others country are considered. A result of article is descriptions of possible strategies of cultural adaptation.

This paper aims to investigate the most significant factors affecting the socio-cultural adaptation of international students in Iran. A survey was conducted on international students studying at University of Tehran. Data was collected both online and on paper among the students. 284 valid responses were collected. The results indicate that there is a positive relationship between the level of socio-cultural adaptation of international students and factors such as having companion during the study period in Iran, the length of stay, being accepted by people in society, being accepted by university staff and students and an overall satisfaction of living in Iran. The results also suggest that there is no significant relationship between acquiring prior knowledge regarding Iran and the level of socio-cultural adaptation of students. The results also indicate that there is no significant relationship between the demographic factors such as age and gender and socio-cultural adaption of international students at the University of Tehran.

In article the concept of «cultural shock», the reasons and the main signs of emergence of this state are considered. Stages of cultural adaptation, causes and effects of social psychological state of the person, being in others country are considered. A result of article is descriptions of possible strategies of cultural adaptation.

The present paper discusses the importance of creating awareness about the social context of the language to be learnt and acquiring cultural hold during the acquisition of second language learning. The present study analyses the failure of both the English language trainers and the learners to see the necessity to create a cultural ambience inside the classrooms. Cultural etiquettes, moods, and attitudes of the English language are equally important while teaching or learning. The inability to realise, use, and implement it has resulted in giving a "cultural shock" to the learners. The learners viewing the language as a lifeless thing in a detached manner has given rise to learning either emotionlessly by cognitive techniques like rote method or failing to get the edge and thus, ending in social withdrawal. The paper brings out a few cognitive methods that have failed to work out in the classrooms over the decades. There is a dire necessity to improve the condition of teaching and the mindsets of educators by playing over the socio-cultural contexts and integrate language with culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication is involved in all social life acts, being the constituent factor of creation and of cultural processes. Cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue are intensely discussed topics in today's society which is marked by globalization. Cultural differences are the core subject for studies addressing intercultural communication. Good knowledge of other cultures is a necessary step to get to recognize the nature of these differences and to relate to others through attitudes of understanding and tolerance which are premises for genuine intercultural dialogue, especially in the tourism industry. While communication is an act of human relationships, culture is the motive of this act. In tourism, quality of communication is related to the level of the culture involved and to the degree of improvement of the means of which is done. Intercultural communication experiences help tourists to know and to appreciate other cultures, but also help them to a better understanding of their own culture.

Tourism is an opportunity for people from different cultures to meet and interact, to exchange ideas, traditions and ways of thinking. In this industry it is very easy to judge a person just after taking an overall look and studying her general behavior. The aim of this article is to determine the intercultural issues that can show up during the tourist act, while people belonging to different cultures interact. The research method used for creating this article is documentary study. The tourist offer shall be adapted to different types of tourist, taking into consideration some aspects as tourists’ behavior, the type of tourism they prefer and, most of all, the culture they belong to and the culture of the people from the place they visit. Despite the immense diversity of our minds, there is a structure that can serve as a basis for mutual understanding.

China's Open-Door Policy has brought significant changes in terms of economic, education and cultural development both inside and outside China, creating valuable opportunities for understanding the cultural stereotypes Asians and Westerners have about each other. In this paper, I interrogate my experiences as an English as a foreign language (EFL) learner and then as a lecturer in multilingual and multicultural environments from the early 1990s until a lecturer in a Chinese university in the twenty-first century. My series of auto-ethnographic dialogues between a cast of characters, recalling experiences, perceptions and emotions provides readers with opportunities to actively respond to the text. Through this auto-ethnographic memoir and performance, I hope to contribute to new directions for narrative research in intercultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to understand the cultural shock in the language aspect experienced by the students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program when speaking in Indonesian in front of the class, both in verbal and nonverbal communication. A descriptive qualitative method is used in this research. The subject of this research is students from the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program who come from the region of Bengkulu province and whose parents work as farmers, artisans, traders, or laborers. The technique used for selecting informants was purposive sampling. Data were collected with the use of observation and interview techniques. Data obtained from the interviews with students were analyzed through data collection steps, data processing, data analysis, and conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that foreign students who speak Indonesian experience a cultural shock regarding the language aspect, both in verbal and nonverbal communication, when speaking in front of the class using the Indonesian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing in the 21st Century is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Actuellement la vague d’émigration des jeunes Iraniens a provoqué un état conflictuel dans le contexte de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage du français en Iran. Loin d’arriver à un enrichissement, l’apprenant iranien lors du choc culturel, se trouve dans une position d’acceptation absolue de la culture occidentale ; ce qui mènerait une démarche interculturelle, s’adressant dans sa première phase à l’identité de soi, vers un échec. Cette recherche consiste à voir où se trouve l’origine de cet échec menant à une crise identitaire et comment, à l’aide d’une démarche pratique, l’art populaire dans le cadre du théâtre expérimental pourrait créer un espace d’éveil identitaire implicite chez l’apprenant iranien. Popular art: an identity awaking tool on the part of the Iranian learner Currently the wave of immigration of young Iranians has caused a state of conflict in the context of teaching and learning French in Iran. When the Iranian learners confront the cultural shock, far from becoming a cultural enrichment, they find themselves in a position of absolute acceptance of Western culture, which would lead to an intercultural approach, addressing itself to identity in its first phase, then to a complete failure. This research tries to see the origin of this failure which results in an identity crisis and also to see how the use of popular art in the framework of an experimental theatre could create a space of implicit awakening in the identity of the Iranian language learner.

This article presents a Brazilian reading of the ideas proposed by Dr. Jacob A. Belzen in his book Towards Cultural Psychology of Religion (2010a). Dr. Edênio Valle was the Portuguese translator of this book and saw almost immediately the possibility of applying Belzen's theoretical principles and methodological suggestions to his religiously multicultural home country, Brazil. Inspired by the examples described and analyzed by Belzen from the Netherlands, Valle attempts to reread a well-studied case of diabolical possession that happened in Brazil in the 1950s among a small group of rural Afro-Brazilian Catholics after they had gotten in touch with a millenarian, closed-minded Brazilian church called Adventist of the Promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In scientific work results of own empirical researches on studying of vital values of nonresident first-year students of ecological faculty of the Russian university of friendship of the people are presented. Communication of level of ecological culture of the personality and success of process of adaptation in the conditions of the capital megalopolis is revealed. Proceeding from ecological and sociocultural features of nonresident students recommendations are offered conducting educational process for visitors of pupils.

The amplification of extern economic activities made by firms demands new rules for those people that take part in transcultural actions. They have to deal with new challenges regarding the interpretation of actions or attitudes made by individuals or firms that have their activity in a cultural activity different from what they were accustomed to until that moment. International managers come in contact with people that not only have different objectives, but they also have different ways of achieving their objectives. The development of management activities is a laborious process that starts with the recurring and selecting of personnel and ends with the training and returning to their home country of the managers. The importance and the phases of the process of training managers that can action with competence in an intercultural context have represented the elements which I want to bring forward in this paper.

Communication is one of the most common feathers of human beings that is different from other animals. People of different countries connect with each other through languages and other ways of communication tools. People's values diversity really matters a lot in intercultural communication and sometimes may keep them apart because of misunderstanding if they don't know how to deal with it properly and efficiently. Values are, according to Rokeach," a learned organization of rules for making choices and for resolving conflicts." (Rokeach, 1973, 161). It is inevitable that values diversity has impact on different fields of human society. It may cause communication problems in intercultural communication. How to improve intercultural communication? How to deal with and solve the problems in intercultural communication and avoid misunderstanding? In this article, the causes and approaches of improving intercultural communication will be further discussed. Values diversity really matters in intercultural communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article relates to the process of adaptation of Czech citizens to Turkish culture. The article explores the perception of Turkish culture by Czech citizens, problems they encounter in the Turkish society and the ways of their adjustment to the host culture. The empirical research on 10 Czech citizens was conducted using the method of semi-structured interviews. The article addresses the most important issues connected with the process of cultural adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study deals with the experiences of Serbian professionals with education and/or working experience acquired in the West who returned since the political changes in October 2000 to work in foreign or domestic business organizations in Belgrade. The aim is to analyze the degree and contents of "culture shock" this group has experienced, their opinions as to what the local and Western business actors should learn from each other in order to facilitate business operations in the future, and their assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of their own bicultural background.

El desconocimiento de los temas tabú de la cultura-meta, la insuficiente competencia pragmática o de las fórmulas de cortesía verbal y un distinto concepto de intimidad pueden ocasionar un auténtico «shock cultural». En este artículo se presentan testimonios de informantes italófonos que han vivido en España, Cuba y Argentina, se reflexiona sobre la relevancia de la sensibilización de los estudiantes de español como LE sobre las diferencias socioculturales con países hispanohablantes y se ofrecen algunas propuestas de abordaje áulico de tales contenidos a través del testimonio y la literatura.

The work of the Pulitzer prize winner Jhumpa Lahiri has been referred to as a solid representation of diaspora and immigrant literature. One of her most famous books, the novel The Namesake (2003), illustrates the experience of dislocation psychologically exploring the identity crisis and the sense of alienation. Nevertheless, the novel offers the opportunity of a trans-textual approach that leads to a philosophical vision of the traditional issues of alterity. The aim of the paper is to explore the extent to which an intertextual reading of the novel can provide a better understanding of the multitude of socio-cultural and identity questions the book raises. The resonance of Nikolai Gogol's name, work and tumultuous existence transgresses the pages in layers of meaningful interpretation of Otherness as a duality of name and cultural affiliation. The never read essential text, Gogol's short story The Overcoat, shapes the tragic paternal imagery in a continual struggle of the inner self to clarify the sense of displacement and hybridity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the proportions of people who are immigrating to achieve their aspirations in abroad are increasing rapidly. Hungarians who have gained adequate training and qualifications can start working in their motherland. Previously a certain job is said to fulfill the employees for a long time, at least for the retirement as well. Nowadays, this is absolutely not true. In one hand it is not only because of the workers having increased demand and desire for new things, and hoping in their jobs, but in the other hand in these current conditions, they cannot find a suitable workplace for themselves, which it might be in accordance with their qualifications, their experiences as well and they could exploit that sufficient remuneration to benefit. People are not able to cover the increased subsistence by their domestic wages and revenues. For that reason, there are many people in Hungary who think about their life, opportunities, and possibilities as well. If they worked abroad, how they would start, having abdicated their lives so far, leaving their families, in the hope of a better paying job. In one of my research named after the international career field, I have studied the living life of Hungarians in London. What are their motivations, how they can solve the differences between foreign cultures. What integration competencies do they have?. Most of us know the "cultural shock". There are several components of this shock. You should have to know the details of this period, because all of them who want to go to work abroad, have to prepare in advance. There are other conditions, circumstances, habits, custom and some difficulties of other civilization as well. A new country may be "windows to finding opportunities" becoming what we want to be, doing what we want to create and feeling at home in a foreign country as well. But if we do not prepare, do not speak foreign languages, the life might be a failure venue there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication is involved in all social life acts, being the constituent factor of creation and of cultural processes. Cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue are intensely discussed topics in today's society which is marked by globalization. Cultural differences are the core subject for studies addressing intercultural communication. Good knowledge of other cultures is a necessary step to get to recognize the nature of these differences and to relate to others through attitudes of understanding and tolerance which are premises for genuine intercultural dialogue, especially in the tourism industry. While communication is an act of human relationships, culture is the motive of this act. In tourism, quality of communication is related to the level of the culture involved and to the degree of improvement of the means of which is done. Intercultural communication experiences help tourists to know and to appreciate other cultures, but also help them to a better understanding of their own culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Migration Journal / Göç Dergisi is the property of Transnational Press London Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tourism is an opportunity for people from different cultures to meet and interact, to exchange ideas, traditions and ways of thinking. In this industry it is very easy to judge a person just after taking an overall look and studying her general behavior. The aim of this article is to determine the intercultural issues that can show up during the tourist act, while people belonging to different cultures interact. The research method used for creating this article is documentary study. The tourist offer shall be adapted to different types of tourist, taking into consideration some aspects as tourists' behavior, the type of tourism they prefer and, most of all, the culture they belong to and the culture of the people from the place they visit. Despite the immense diversity of our minds, there is a structure that can serve as a basis for mutual understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]