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Resolvin D2 (RvD2), an endogenous lipid mediator derived from docosahexaenoic acid, has been demonstrated to have analgesic effects. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying RvD2 in pain relief. Herein, we demonstrate that RvD2 targeted the P2X3 receptor as an analgesic. The electrophysiological activity of P2X3 receptors was suppressed by RvD2 in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. RvD2 pre‐application dose‐dependently decreased α,β‐methylene‐ATP (α,β‐meATP)‐induced inward currents. RvD2 remarkably decreased the maximum response to α,β‐meATP, without influencing the affinity of P2X3 receptors. RvD2 also voltage‐independently suppressed ATP currents. An antagonist of the G protein receptor 18 (GPR18), O‐1918, prevented the RvD2‐induced suppression of ATP currents. Additionally, intracellular dialysis of the Gαi/o‐protein antagonist pertussis toxin (PTX), the PKA antagonist H89, or the cAMP analog 8‐Br‐cAMP also blocked the RvD2‐induced suppression. Furthermore, α,β‐meATP‐triggered depolarization of membrane potential along with the action potential bursts in DRG neurons were inhibited by RvD2. Lastly, RvD2 attenuated spontaneous nociceptive behaviors as well as mechanical allodynia produced by α,β‐meATP in rats via the activation of the peripheral GPR18. These findings indicated that RvD2 inhibited P2X3 receptors in rat primary sensory neurons through GPR18, PTX‐sensitive Gαi/o‐proteins, and intracellular cAMP/PKA signaling, revealing a novel mechanism that underlies its analgesic effects by targeting P2X3 receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles (EVs) battery management systems (BMSs) rely on exact state of charge (SoC) estimations to guarantee efficient and safe operation. Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are favored for EVs due to their extended lifespan, high energy density, and minimal self‐discharge and high voltage. To address these issues, this research propose a LIB SoC prediction based on an actual BMS in EVs. The main objective is improving SoC of LIB. The proposed hybrid strategy is the combined performance of both the dynamic neural networks (DNN) and arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA). Commonly it is named as DNN‐AOA technique. The SoC of Lithium‐ion batteries are predicted using the DNN approach. The proposed AOA is used to optimize the weight parameter of DNN to enhance prediction accuracy and reliability. By then, the operational MATLAB platform has adopted the proposed framework, and existing procedures are used to compute its execution. The proposed method demonstrates superior existing like Bayesian network (DBN), random vector functional link neural network (RVFLNN) and Gaussian progress regression (GPR). The proposed method yields a lower error value of 0.1 and a higher accuracy value of 98% compared with other existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let X be a reduced complex space of pure dimension. We consider divergent integrals of certain forms on X that are singular along a subvariety defined by the zero set of a holomorphic section of some holomorphic vector bundle E → X . Given a choice of Hermitian metric on E we define a finite part of the divergent integral. Our main result is an explicit formula for the dependence on the choice of metric of the finite part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrical conductivity and volt–ampere characteristics (VAC) of the p-CuTlS2 single crystal with specific resistance ρ = 4 0 Ω ⋅ cm and irradiated by γ -quantum were studied in the range of 100–300 K temperature and 10–104 V/cm. It was determined that the cause of the conduction disorder observed in the CuTlS2 single crystal at low electric fields and high radiation doses is the formation of defect clusters dominated by cation vacancies. A sharp increase in current at high electric fields and temperatures occurs as a result of thermo-field ionization of the acceptor level with activation energy Δ E a = 0. 0 8 eV and the ionization voltage decreases with increasing radiation dose. Based on the determination of the parameters (λ , r m , n 0 , ε) that determine the mechanism of current flow, the dependence of the shape of the potential hole on the radiation dose was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractInternational research documents the popularity of youth e-cigarette use and factors associated with consumption. However, less research has examined the behaviour in jurisdictions where such products are illegal. This study therefore investigated social and demographic factors associated with the use of e-cigarettes among youth in Thailand, where such products are prohibited. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among middle and high school students (n = 6,111) to capture individual, interpersonal, organizational, and social factors potentially related to the behaviour. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess associations with e-cigarette susceptibility and use. The prevalence of e-cigarette susceptibility was 15.9%, with 9.7% reporting current use. Risk factors, including lower GPA, current smoking, current substance use, and peer vaping, were associated with susceptibility (vs. non-susceptibility) and use (vs. susceptibility). Parental vaping was linked solely to current use, while middle school attendance, current alcohol use, exposure to e-cigarette use in school and exposure to online marketing, were linked to susceptibility. Negative attitude towards e-cigarettes and regular exposure to anti-e-cigarette activities in school were protective factors against both. High-risk perceptions and regular parental supervision were protective factors for susceptibility. Despite bans, a significant proportion of Thai youth engage in e-cigarette use or are susceptible to it. Unique factors influence susceptibility and use, highlighting the need for strengthening laws and adjusting prevention efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solenoids are commonly used in numerous industrial applications, where they convert electrical energy into mechanical motion. The present paper is focused on implementing a solenoid-type actuator in vibration-driven locomotion systems. The primary purpose of this study is simulation and experimental testing of the dynamic behavior of a wheeled vibratory robot taking into account the operational conditions of a solenoid-type vibration exciter. The research methodology involves the use of the SolidWorks software to simulate the robot's locomotion, TinkerCAD software -- to model the operation of a solenoid's control system, and experimental investigations -- to test the kinematic characteristics of the full-scale prototype of the vibrationdriven robot. The results obtained by means of computer simulation and experimental studies are presented as time plots, displaying the robot's body displacement, speed, and acceleration at different operational conditions of the solenoid-type actuator. The major scientific novelty of the present study consists in further development and improvement of the existent excitation principles and simulation models of the vibration-driven locomotion systems and wheeled robots. The obtained results are valuable for researchers and engineers working on investigating and designing of various vibratory locomotion systems, e.g., for pipeline inspection and cleaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to create a predictive model for a medium-speed wire electrical discharge machine (WEDM) utilizing an artificial neural network (ANN). Medium-speed WEDM experiments were developed based on the I-optimal mixture design for machining, the Inconel 718 superalloy. During the experiment, the input parameters were the spark ontime, spark offtime, wire feed, and current, with the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) selected as performance indicators. The ANN model was trained on experimental data and built using a feed-forward backpropagation neural network with a (4-8-2) structure and the Bayesian regularization (BR) learning approach. The model correctly predicted the relationship between the medium-speed WEDM's primary process parameters and machining performance. An integrated ANN model and the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) were used to determine the ideal parameters for the MRR and Ra, resulting in a set of Pareto-optimal solutions. The confirmation experiment revealed that the mean prediction error between the experimental and ideal solutions had a maximum error percentage of 1% for the MRR and 2% for the Ra, which are within acceptable ranges. This showed that the best process–parameter combinations were better for the MRR and Ra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power Automation Equipment / Dianli Zidonghua Shebei is the property of Electric Power Automation Equipment Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Offshore structures are exposed to various environmental loads, including extreme and abnormal waves, over their operational lifespan. The existence of wind and current can exacerbate the dynamic response of these structures, posing threats to safety and integrity. This study focuses on the dynamic responses of offshore triceratops under different environmental conditions characterized by the superimposition of freak waves, uniform wind, and current. The free surface profile of the freak wave was generated using the dual superposition model. The numerical model of the offshore platform designed for ultra-deep-water applications was developed using the ANSYS AQWA 2023 R2 modeler. Numerical investigations, including the free decay tests and time-domain analysis under random sea states, including freak waves, were initially carried out. Then, the combined effects of freak waves, wind, and current were studied in detail under different loading scenarios. The results revealed the increase in structural response under the freak wave action at the focus time. Wind action resulted in a mean shift in responses, while the inclusion of current led to a pronounced increase in the total response of the platform, encompassing deck and buoyant legs, alongside the tether tension variation. Notably, considerable variations in the response were observed after freak wave exposure under the combined influence of wind, freak wave, and current. The results underscore the profound effects induced by wind and current in the presence of freak waves, providing valuable insights for analyzing similar offshore structures under ultimate design conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract This paper provides a new, less complex multilevel inverter topology that can be used for industrial loads and renewable energy sources. The arrangement consists of eight switches to produce an 11-level output voltage with two uneven input sources. Moreover, it can be connected in a cascade to increase the output voltage and number of levels even further. Due to its control mechanism, which is based on the Rotating Trapezoidal Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation control method for creating a high-quality output voltage, the inverter’s key characteristic is its very low harmonic distortion of 3.45% at the output voltage when compared to the advanced triangular carrier-based PWM techniques of phase disposition sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PD-SPWM) it produces harmonic distortion of 11.38% at the output voltage, phase opposition disposition sinusoidal pulse width modulation (POD-SPWM) it produces harmonic distortion of 6.43% at the output voltage, alternative phase opposition disposition sinusoidal pulse width modulation (APOD-SPWM) it produces harmonic distortion of 6.69% at the output voltage, IN-Shift sinusoidal pulse width modulation (IN-shift SPWM) it produces harmonic distortion of 3.93% at the output voltage. This inverter is commonly used in wind turbines and solar cells. The schemes are implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK and are validated with single-phase 11-level inverter implemented by using digital signal controller (DSC).

This study aimed to determine the level of awareness of G12 students in Tanay Senior High School when it comes to the current social issues that besets our nation. The respondents of the study are the Grade 12 students of Tanay Senior High School for the SY. 2021-2022. They were determined through availability sampling and the target population is over 50% of the total Grade 12 population. A quantitative descriptive type of research will be used in the study to determine the respondent's appraisal of the abovementioned program. The study will utilize a researcher-made questionnaire checklist which will be validated by the Master Teachers. Two areas of concern will be raised in the study; first contains the profile of the respondents which are their news source, and available reading materials at home. The second part will be the determining aspects on the level of awareness on particular social issues that are happening in our country such as a.) extra-judicial killings connected to the President's drug war; b.) proliferation of fake news and historical revisionism; c.) territorial disputes in the West Philippine Sea; and d.) human rights and freedom of expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Insulin has been shown to modulate neuronal processes through insulin receptors. The ion channels located on neurons may be important targets for insulin/insulin receptor signaling. Both insulin receptors and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. However, it is still unclear whether there is an interaction between them. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of insulin on the functional activity of ASICs. A 5 min application of insulin rapidly enhanced acid-evoked ASIC currents in rat DRG neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. Insulin shifted the concentration–response plot for ASIC currents upward, with an increase of 46.2 ± 7.6% in the maximal current response. The insulin-induced increase in ASIC currents was eliminated by the insulin receptor antagonist GSK1838705, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lavendustin A, and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase antagonist wortmannin. Moreover, insulin increased the number of acid-triggered action potentials by activating insulin receptors. Finally, local administration of insulin exacerbated the spontaneous nociceptive behaviors induced by intraplantar acid injection and the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intramuscular acid injections through peripheral insulin receptors. These results suggested that insulin/insulin receptor signaling enhanced the functional activity of ASICs via tyrosine kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathways. Our findings revealed that ASICs were targets in primary sensory neurons for insulin receptor signaling, which may underlie insulin modulation of pain.

Current characteristics, including the type of dominant current, velocity, and direction, as well as the movement of ocean currents, cause the condition of a body of water to be dynamic. The aim of the study was to calculate the current direction and determine the direction of the west and east monsoon currents at Manakarra Beach in Mamuju. This study used the ARC GIS, Aviso, and MS Excel applications to utilize secondary data. The raw data were downloaded on Aviso to obtain the u and v vectors. The data obtained from Aviso was then processed into the MS Excel application to obtain the direction and velocity of the current. After gaining the current direction and velocity, the data were then visualized in the form of direction and velocity using interpolation analysis in ARC GIS. The results of the study were in the form of current velocities in Manakarra waters in 2022 in the west monsoon (reaching the highest number of 0.876561 m/s and the lowest number of 0.06885 m/s), and in the east monsoon the current velocity reached the highest number of 0.53816 m/s and the lowest number of 0.07355 m/s. In addition, the current direction in Manakarra waters in 2022 in the west monsoon had three directions, namely from the northwest, west, southwest, and ends in the northeast. In the east monsoon, there were three current directions in Manakarra waters, namely from the east, northeast, southeast, and partly from the northwest.

Insulin has been shown to modulate neuronal processes through insulin receptors. The ion channels located on neurons may be important targets for insulin/insulin receptor signaling. Both insulin receptors and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. However, it is still unclear whether there is an interaction between them. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of insulin on the functional activity of ASICs. A 5 min application of insulin rapidly enhanced acid-evoked ASIC currents in rat DRG neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. Insulin shifted the concentration–response plot for ASIC currents upward, with an increase of 46.2 ± 7.6% in the maximal current response. The insulin-induced increase in ASIC currents was eliminated by the insulin receptor antagonist GSK1838705, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lavendustin A, and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase antagonist wortmannin. Moreover, insulin increased the number of acid-triggered action potentials by activating insulin receptors. Finally, local administration of insulin exacerbated the spontaneous nociceptive behaviors induced by intraplantar acid injection and the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intramuscular acid injections through peripheral insulin receptors. These results suggested that insulin/insulin receptor signaling enhanced the functional activity of ASICs via tyrosine kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathways. Our findings revealed that ASICs were targets in primary sensory neurons for insulin receptor signaling, which may underlie insulin modulation of pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, we have registered, studied, and modeled the Maxwell–Wagner effect in structures with a smooth gradient of charge carriers' mobility. The Maxwell–Wagner charge, formed after applying a DC voltage to the gradient structure at room temperature, is distributed over the entire region of the gradient. The experiments were performed with slides of a soda‐lime glass subjected to sodium‐to‐potassium ion exchange, where the ions concentration gradient provides gradient of conductivity while dielectric permittivity stays the same. The electric field generated by the Maxwell–Wagner charge is concentrated in potassium‐enriched less conductive regions of the slide and is sufficiently high to induce the second order optical nonlinearity in the initially isotropic glass. The effect causes over 100‐fold increase in a second harmonic signal relative to the signal from the surface of a virgin glass. This phenomenon in graded‐concentration structures is perspective for characterizing interfacial charges, geometry of the gradient regions, and spatial distribution of electrical conductivity in micro‐ and optoelectronic semiconductor structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currents in coastal zones under multiple mechanisms in terms of tides, waves, wind, and high roughness are difficult to model; bed shear stresses under wave–current flows are particularly challenging yet not being well studied. Few studies reported the modeling and validation of the bed shear stress in reef environments. In this paper, we present the first direct assessment of numerical modeling on depth-averaged currents and bed shear stresses over an algal reef using a coupled wave–current model (Delft-3D). The modeled results were validated and compared to the field observed data. The model considers hydrodynamic forcing in terms of tides, waves, wind stresses, and bed friction. Results show that the model generally reproduces the depth-averaged currents and bed shear stresses when considering all the mechanisms. Two numerical cases with and without wind forcing were tested to examine the effects of the winds. We found that the tide is mostly the primary factor driving the current, even in shallow waters within a depth of 3 m; however, the currents are also significantly affected by wind speeds and wind directions during high-wind events. When the wind direction is in the same direction as the tidal current, the current speed increases, suggesting the importance of the wind stress on the coastal currents. In addition, two models were chosen to study the nonlinear enhancement of bed shear stress by waves. We found a significant difference between the two models in predicting the bed shear stresses compared to the observed data. Nonlinear contribution from wave enhances the magnitude of bed shear stresses, which reduces the model error. The results highlight the nonlinear interaction between waves and currents is meaningful in predicting the bed shear stresses during high-wave-orbital motions; improvement of the present wave-current nonlinear interaction model for predicting the bed shear stresses may be needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bearings are one of the most essential elements in an induction motor, and they are built with different materials and constructions according to their application. These components are usually one of the most failure-prone parts of an electric motor, so correct and accurate measurements, instrumentation, and processing methods are required to prevent and detect the presence of different failures. This work develops a methodology based on the fusion of current and magnetic stray flux signals, calculation of statistical and non-statistical indicators, genetic algorithms (GAs), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and neural networks. The proposed approach achieves a diagnostic effectiveness of 99.8% for detecting various damages in the outer race at 50 Hz frequency and 96.6% at 60 Hz. It also demonstrates 99.8% effectiveness for detecting damages in the presence of contaminants in lubrication at 50 Hz and 97% at 60 Hz. These results apply across metallic, ceramic, and hybrid bearings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current research work, in-house developed and fabricated multi-axis near-dry Electrical Discharge Machine (near-dry EDM) has been used having different tool positions, i.e. tool electrodes in horizontal position (Case-I) and vertical positions (Case-II) as a novel machining techniques in hard-to-reach places and also to improve the process performance. Design of Experiment tool has been used with three process parameters: voltage, discharge current, and pulse-on-time for experimentation purposes. In order to maximize Material Removal Rate (MRR), it was necessary to compare and enhance these parameters in both cases, i.e. Case-I, and Case-II. The machining process is significantly influenced by the vertical tool positions, as indicated by the largest percentage contribution in the Analysis of Variance results. The voltage has the least influence, while the pulse-on time is relatively less. In contrast, for the horizontal tool position, the voltage proved the most prominent factor in terms of influence, while the current ranked second in significance. Conversely, the pulse-on time exhibited the least impact among the three factors. The highest MRR 2.45 mm3/min was achieved in the vertical tool position while in horizontal machining, the highest MRR 0.144 mm3/min was observed. These findings provide valuable insights into the multi-axis near-dry EDM with proposed methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 21st century, understanding the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity has emerged as a pinnacle achievement in condensed matter physics, capturing the lifelong interest of numerous physicists. This paper endeavors to offer a theoretical elucidation for this mechanism, advancing the broader field of physics. Recognizing that high-temperature superconductivity is an aspect of condensed matter physics — underpinned by Maxwell's classical electromagnetic theory — we turn to theoretical mechanics and field theory, which are foundational perspectives in the contemporary scientific era. By framing Maxwell's classical electromagnetic theory within the context of theoretical mechanics and field theory, this paper not only sheds light on the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity but also recasts Maxwell's theory within a purer theoretical mechanics and field theory domain. This represents a paradigmatic shift and cognitive transformation in physics. Furthermore, leveraging this theoretical mechanics and field theory interpretation of electromagnetic phenomena, we discern that electromagnetic phenomena can be more aptly explained without resorting to the concepts of charges and electric fields, leading to a reinterpretation of Coulomb's law. We propose that protons and electrons might exist as entities devoid of charge-specific attributes and negate the possibility of a strongly correlated particle system within them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclic lateral loads on monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines induce vibrations that affect the clear-water scour process around the foundations. Previous experimental studies showed that the current-induced equilibrium scour depths at vibrating monopiles may be less than those at static monopile foundations. However, this observation may not be comprehensive when applied to the cases of clear-water scour around vibrating monopile foundations subjected to different flow intensities. This paper presents an experimental study that investigated the clear-water scour mechanism at vibrating monopile foundations and obtained new findings. The experimental results indicate that the scour process is influenced by three major factors: vibration-induced sediment subsidence, vibration-induced sediment refill, and current-induced erosion. Based on the three major influencing factors and experimental data, a dimensionless equation for equilibrium clear-water scour depth at vibrating monopile foundations was derived. Furthermore, a regime transition flow intensity is defined, at which the equilibrium scour depth remains constant regardless of any changes in the vibration amplitudes. Two distinct scour trends under low and high flow intensities were identified. The two different trends were found to be induced by different dominant factors. The vibration-induced subsidence effect dominates in the low flow intensity regime, whereas the vibration-induced sediment refill effect dominates in the high flow intensity regime. The new findings of this paper help to understand the characterization of clear-water scour process around vibrating monopile foundations. Practical Applications: Monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines experience cyclic lateral vibration caused by winds and waves. The cyclic lateral vibration of monopile foundations potentially can affect the current-induced scour process around the foundations. The experimental results of this study revealed that the scour depth around vibrating monopile foundations under clear-water scour conditions is influenced by a coupling effect of flow intensities and vibration amplitudes and frequencies. The findings emphasize the influence of vibration on the scour process around monopile foundations of offshore wind turbines. These results provide valuable insights to optimize the design and manufacturing processes of monopile foundations. Moreover, the findings contribute to the development of more-effective scour protection measures in offshore wind engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contends that the long-term success of freight rail electrification in the United States was largely curtailed by the initial choices of electrification specifications and power adequacy made by the railroads. The few histories of this early 20th century foray into fully electric traction for freight have overlooked the role of technology as a limiting factor for the longevity of these installations. This research finds that the choice of current, voltage, and other technical characteristics affected the performance – and hence the useful life – of early 20th century electrifications. This paper elucidates these connections to present a more complete story of rail freight electrification in the United States. This enhanced understanding remains relevant to railroads today, which like all forms of transportation, are navigating novel technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the test at the session, the student (extramural student) expands his knowledge and skills. When checking the work performed in the presence of the teacher, the latter, if necessary, can additionally talk with the student. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) are essential supplementary structures used in tropical tuna purse-seine fishing. They are strategically placed to attract tuna species and enhance fishing productivity. The hydrodynamic performance of FADs has a direct effect on their structural and environmental safety in the harsh marine environment. Conventional FADs are composed of materials that do not break down naturally, leading to the accumulation of waste in the ocean and potential negative effects on marine ecosystems. Therefore, this work aimed to examine the hydrodynamic performance of biodegradable drifting FADs (Bio-DFADs) in oceanic currents by numerical modelling. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equation was used to solve the flow field and discretized based on the realizable k-ε turbulence model, employing the finite volume method. A set of Bio-DFADs was developed to assess the hydrodynamic performance under varying current velocities and attack angles, as well as different balsa wood diameters and sinker weights. The results indicated that the relative current velocity significantly affected the relative velocity of Bio-DFADs. The relative length of the raft significantly affected both the relative velocity and the relative wetted area in a pure stream. Finally, the diameter of the balsa wood affected the drift velocity, and the sinker's relative weight affected the hydrodynamic performance of the Bio-DFADs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bench tester is designed for the examination and investigation of a borehole impulsive source of vibrations, composed of an electromagnetic impact block and hydraulic power units. The bench tester simulates operation of the vibration source in an oil well, at the depths greater than 1000 m, with automated pressure control in the system. The implemented research allowed reaching the failure-free operation time of the vibration source in the well up to 150 h and longer, determining the ranges of the impact frequency and energy adjustment depending on the feed voltage, and recommending the operating frequency of the source to ensure proofness of cement stone of the well casing. The obtained nomograms enable correlating the maximal duty cycle of the borehole impulsive vibration source with the coil current density and the heat transfer coefficient to maintain temperature balance of the hammer at permissible temperature of electromagnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of getting rid of expensive and metal-intensive current transformers has been declared by CIGRE as strategically important for the electric power industry. However, almost all traditional current protections receive information from measuring current transformers. In this work, a resource-saving reed switch overcurrent protection without current transformers is suggested, which can be used as an alternative to traditional current protections for 6–10 kV electrical installations connected to a switchgear cell. The protection is designed following the novel method we have developed based on inductance coils. Inductance coils measure the electromotive force under different operation modes of an electrical installation and at different points inside the switchgear cell it is connected to; the EMF values are recalculated in the values of magnetic induction, and reed switches are mounted instead of inductance coils at the points where the magnetic induction is maximal. Moreover, these values are sufficient to detect phase-to-phase short circuits in the electrical installation. The dependence of the induction value on the position of an inductance coil inside the cell is derived with the use of the simplest formula of the Biot–Savart law. The results can be used at large and small industrial enterprises, electric power stations, and substations of plants; they can be interesting for the scientific community because they help to solve the topical problem of the electric power industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of OLED displays is a non‐ergodic process in which there is continuous novel change; and comprehending emitters that are evolving requires new theory, or at least modification of that which is already possessed. For the first time, a new data‐validated closed‐form physics‐based expression is derived for the I‐V characteristics of OLEDs in this paper. Two parameters emerge from the new model: liminal current and liminal voltage. Both parameters are expressed in terms of device and material parameters, allowing a device engineer to intuitively design experiments to target low voltage operation OLEDs. Robust parameter extraction methods are proposed and validated with experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides information on the performance study of precision current shunts in the context of their output voltage stability. Besides, it briefly focuses on the phenomena affecting the steady state of these measuring instruments. The authors present a methodology for testing current shunts to ensure a high-quality result of current measurement. The investigation highlights three characteristics of shunts (the dependence of resistance on temperature, the response of the output voltage to a fast increase of current, and the transition from a cold state to a warm one). The test equipment with precision shunts were considered during the experimental examination. The results of an investigation confirmed satisfactory operational properties and compliance with the needs of laboratories. Additionally, the authors emphasize using a precision shunt as a measuring standard when calibrating other instruments like high-precision digital ammeters. From this point of view, the simplified mathematical modeling of the change in the AC-DC transfer difference, depending on the resistance change caused by the warming current, was carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The LF & HF voltage, current and microwave metrology section of the CSIR-National Physical Laboratory plays an imperative role in the metrological investigations in the country as it follows the lawful obligations of the NPL charter of developing and maintaining national standards of HF voltage, LF voltage and current, phasor measurement unit and microwave power parameters. For over three decades, the section has been religiously dedicated to performing national obligations and delivering national calibration, testing and measuring services. Still, there is inadequate awareness, insight and perception related to the role of metrological traceability, calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) to the clients, academia, industries and government laboratories. Hence there is a dire need to educate and provide the required information to the end users. Keeping this in mind, this paper provides necessary details of the facilities, technologies and CMCs of the section to the common masses. The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) and Asia Pacific Metrology Programme key/supplementary comparisons are also described in the paper, which has helped the group improve and attain greater heights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of electrochemical treatment of a titanium surface employing constant current and potential on the viability of the tissue cells attached to the surface and determining the safety limits for this type of treatment.MethodsPre-osteoblast cells (pOB) were cultured and seeded onto titanium discs. The cell-seeded discs were then exposed to a range of contant direct electrical potentials (-6V–6V) or contant direct electrical currents (−12.5 mA, −25 mA, or −50 mA) using a three-electrode system connected to a potentiostat. Cell viability was assessed using live/dead assay and fluorescence microscopy.ResultsExposure of cells to high negative potentials caused cell detachment, while exposure to positive ones led to cell death on the cpTi surfaces. However, cellular viability was preserved when the electrical potentials were kept between −3 and +3 V. Cells retained 80% viability when subjected to −12.5 mA currents with an initial pOB cell count of 5 × 104. However, when the initial cell count was elevated to 1 × 105, the cells demonstrated the ability to withstand an even greater current (−25 mA) while preserving their vitality at the same level.ConclusionTreatment of a titanium dental implant surface employing constant potential or current can harm cells surrounding dental implants. However, this damage can be minimized by keeping the potential within a safety limit.

Introduction Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe condition that causes severe pain and emotional distress in the brain. It can significantly impact the quality of a person's life and lead to daily withdrawal and emotional instability. Despite extensive research, there is still a need for comprehensive bibliometric studies to understand the literature on TN. This study is particularly important as there are no existing bibliometric studies on TN on Scopus, providing new opportunities for research and innovation in TN treatment. Methods In this work, a literature review methodology is employed to gather data from the Scopus database using the keywords “trigeminal neuralgia”, current and therapy. Data were analyzed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software to produce visualizations and bibliometric maps. We conducted quantitative and qualitative analysis Results The research trend found are documents by year, most global cited document, most relevant sources, factorial map of the documents with the highest contributes, documents by author, documents by country or territory, documents by affiliation, documents by subject area, network visualization, overlay visualization of scopus database using vosviewer, density visualization, thematic map, thematic evolution, cluster analysis, and qualitative analysis. Conclusions The study focuses on trigeminal neuralgia, a topic of research and a recent topic involving periferal nerve stimulation and the use of karbamazepin, a new topic in the field of therapy.

This work investigates the discrepancies in electrical parameters of mono-crystalline solar panels between Ago-Iwoye weather conditions and the manufacturer's specified ideal conditions. Manufacturer's specifications are typically based on 1,000 W/m2 global solar irradiance, AM 1.5, and 25°C operating temperature, while actual weather conditions at installation sites can vary significantly. Mono-crystalline (single-crystal) silicon solar panels of capacities 60, 80, 100, and 150 W were evaluated through current-voltage (I-V) response tests at an installation site in Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria, with solar irradiance exposure from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. The analysis of I-V and P-V curves revealed a significant reduction in maximum power output by 28.6%, 25.9%, 28.9%, and 19.36%, respectively, compared to the manufacturer's stated values. This deviation underscores the importance of considering local weather conditions during solar PV projects, and we recommend adding an additional 20%-30% of the total solar panel capacity during installations to account for variations in solar irradiance and operating temperatures, ensuring optimal performance and effective solar power generation in Ago-Iwoye and similar areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The southwest coast of India experiences frequent Indian oil sardine (IOS) nearshore aggregation events, especially in the coastal waters off Kerala. These ephemeral dense IOS aggregation events are known as "Sardine Run". To investigate the reason and provide a scientific basis for these sporadic events, satellite/model-derived physical, meteorological, and biological parameters were analysed. Sea Surface Temperature during a majority of events was in the range of 26–29 °C, agreeing with the reported temperature conditions for IOS in the Arabian Sea. Additionally, a marginal lowering of SST as an effect of precipitation before most of the events might have attracted IOS towards the near-coastal waters in addition to the phytoplankton diet availability, resulting in the aggregation event. However, different scenarios also depicted coastal warming and probable hypoxic conditions in degrading IOS habitat and resulting in beach aggregation events. During most of the IOS aggregation events, the wind and surface current direction was alongshore/coastward, which complemented the propagation of live IOS shoals towards the beach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, in situ investigation of the coupling damage mechanisms of SnAgCu/Cu solder joints under thermal cycling and current was carried out to compare the thermal fatigue under the same temperature range, and to analyze the influence of temperature. It was found that the current increased the temperature of the solder joint, making it obviously higher than the ambient temperature. On the other hand, there was little difference between the thermal–electrical coupling damage and thermal fatigue before a significant increase in solder temperature; the interfacial plastic deformation was only slightly more serious, and the electromigration was not significant. With an increasing number of thermal cycles, the damage, resistance, and temperature of the solder joint increased, and the plastic deformation resistance of the solder decreased, leading to further damage and temperature increase, exhibiting an accelerating damage process. After the temperature reached a certain degree, the solder softened significantly, and its deformation behavior was similar to that of high-viscosity fluids, resulting in surface unevenness with significant height differences. As the temperature of the solder joint increased, the electromigration of Cu in the solder gradually increased, and the migration rate was dominated by the solder grain orientation. With higher peak temperature of the ambient thermal cycle, the thermal cycling–electric current coupling damage rate increased substantially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Ocean currents are one of the movements of horizontal or vertical mass movement of seawater that takes place continuously. The purpose of this study is to determine current conditions in open water close to narrow strait waters, as well as canal estuaries. Current data is the result of measurements that have been carried out using ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) mini type ADP-SONTEK equipment on May 16, 2018, while tidal data refers to the recording results of the Makassar BIG tidal station. The results showed that the total surface current speed ranged from 0.017 - 0.375 m/sec with a dominant direction to the west or to open water both at high tide and at low tide. While the result of separation, the speed of tidal currents ranges from 0.032 - 0.343 m / sec. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of cross-shore sediment transport for non-cohesive sediments in the coastal zone. The principles of sediment incipient motion are introduced. Formulations for the estimation of bedload transport are presented, for currents and combined waves and current flows. A method to consider the effect of sediment heterogeneity on transport, using the hiding–exposure coefficient and hindrance factor, is depicted. Total transport resulting from bedload and transport by suspension is also addressed. New research is encouraged to fill the knowledge gap on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the results of manufacturing a single Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) with Micro-Porous Layers (MPLs) and an active area of 25 cm2, and the experimental study required to build its polarization curve. Based on the physical model data, a numerical model of this PEMFC is created in the ANSYS PEM Fuel Cell module. Numerical simulations were performed with boundary conditions consistent with the experimental conditions on the test station. The calculation and experimental result comparison of the polarization curves for voltages ranging from 0.29 V to 0.94 V proved that the utilized numerical model is highly reliable. The simulation of PEMFC without MPLs was conducted according to such stable input parameters and boundary conditions. The results show that the PEMFC performance decreases significantly due to the flooding phenomenon inside PEMFC without MPLs compared to PEMFC with MPLs. Such phenomena are challenging to observe experimentally. Numerical modeling can be further used to optimize the fuel cell components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]