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Given simple graphs \(X\) and \(Y\) on the same number of vertices, the friends-and-strangers graph \(\operatorname{FS}(X, Y)\) has as its vertices all bijections from \(V(X)\) to \(V(Y)\), where two bijections are adjacent if and only if they differ on two adjacent elements of \(V(X)\) with images adjacent in \(Y\). We study the diameters of connected components of friends-and-strangers graphs: the diameter of a component of \(\operatorname{FS}(X,Y)\) corresponds to the largest number of swaps necessary to go from one configuration in the component to another. We show that any component of \(\operatorname{FS}(\operatorname{Path}_n, Y)\) has \(O(n^2)\) diameter and that any component of \(\operatorname{FS}(\operatorname{Cycle}_n, Y)\) has \(O(n^4)\) diameter, improvable to \(O(n^3)\) whenever \(\operatorname{FS}(\operatorname{Cycle}_n, Y)\) is connected. Answering a question raised by Alon, Defant, and Kravitz in the negative, we use an explicit construction to show that there exist \(n\)-vertex graphs \(X\) and \(Y\) such that \(\operatorname{FS}(X,Y)\) has a component with \(e^{\Omega(n)}\) diameter. We conclude with several suggestions for future research.Mathematics Subject Classifications: 05C12, 05C35, 05C38Keywords: Friends-and-strangers graphs, diameter, extremal combinatorics, lower bounds, paths, cycles, token swapping, interchange process

Neural manifolds summarize the intrinsic structure of the information encoded by a population of neurons. Advances in experimental techniques have made simultaneous recordings from multiple brain regions increasingly commonplace, raising the possibility of studying how these manifolds relate across populations. However, when the manifolds are nonlinear and possibly code for multiple unknown variables, it is challenging to extract robust and falsifiable information about their relationships. We introduce a framework, called the method of analogous cycles, for matching topological features of neural manifolds using only observed dissimilarity matrices within and between neural populations. We demonstrate via analysis of simulations and in vivo experimental data that this method can be used to correctly identify multiple shared circular coordinate systems across both stimuli and inferred neural manifolds. Conversely, the method rejects matching features that are not intrinsic to one of the systems. Further, as this method is deterministic and does not rely on dimensionality reduction or optimization methods, it is amenable to direct mathematical investigation and interpretation in terms of the underlying neural activity. We thus propose the method of analogous cycles as a suitable foundation for a theory of cross-population analysis via neural manifolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a new coloring as follows such that a subset of V (G) needs very few colors. Let G be a graph with vertex set V (G) and a , b , i be three integers with a ≥ b ≥ i ≥ 0. S is a vertex subset of G , graph G is said to be i -weak (a : b) -choosable about set S , if the following can be satisfied: For any list assignment L = { L (v) : | L (v) | = a , v ∈ V (G) } , there is a way that each vertex v of S is assigned i colors of L (v) and each vertex u of V (G) \ S is assigned b colors of L (v) such that the color sets corresponding to adjacent vertices do not intersect. In this paper, we consider the i -weak (a : b) -choosable problem of 1 -planar graphs without short cycles and prove our results by the discharging method. In this paper, we prove that every 1 -planar graph without 3 -cycles, 5 -cycles and adjacent 4 -cycles is i -weak (4 b + i : b) -choosable about set S = { v : v ∈ V (G) , d (v) = 4 }. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clinical Epileptology / Zertifizierte Fortbildung is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We develop a spatially-explicit discrete-time model that describes tick population dynamics and incorporates the developmental stages for an individual tick. The model allows for two types of movements across patches: (1) active tick movement and (2) movement of ticks through a host. We analyse the dynamics of the model under a nonlinear fecundity term that exhibits an Allee effect. We show that the system has bounded solutions and, under certain conditions on the parameters, is monotone. Using the next generation matrix approach, we define the net reproductive number of the multi-patch model, $ R(0) $ R (0) , and establish conditions under which $ R(0) $ R (0) determines the local and global asymptotic stability of the extinction equilibrium. We then show that the model exhibits rich dynamics including a monostable equilibrium, multi-stable equilibria, and cycles. Finally, we perform some numerical studies to further examine how dispersal and Allee effects impact tick survival and system stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal-based energy storage is expected to be one of the main options for the decarbonization of the space heating sector by increasing the renewables dispatchability. Technologies available today are mainly based on hot water and can only partially fulfill the efficiency, energy density and affordability requirements. This work analyzes a novel system based on pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) concept to maximize renewables and waste heat exploitation during summer and make them available during winter. Organic fluid-based cycles are adopted for the heat upgrade during hot season (heat pump (HP)) and to produce electricity and hot water during cold season (power unit (PU)). Upgraded thermal energy drives an endothermic reaction producing dehydrated solid salts, which can be stored for months using inexpensive and high energy density solutions. This paper focuses on thermodynamic cycles design, comparing the performance attainable with several working fluids. Two different configurations are investigated: coupled systems, sharing the fluid and heat exchangers in both operating modes, and decoupled systems. A preliminary economic assessment completes the study, including a sensitivity analysis on electricity and heat prices. Cyclopentane is identified as a promising working fluid for coupled systems, reaching competitive round trip efficiencies (RTEs), maximizing the ratio between performance and HX surfaces, without excessive turbomachinery volume ratios and volumetric flows. Economic analysis shows that solutions with lower efficiency, but also lower capital cost, can achieve competitive payback times (PBT). On the contrary, decoupled systems are less attractive, as they reach slightly higher thermodynamic performance, but require higher capital costs, possibly being of interest only in specific applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel integrated gas turbine cycle design and power management optimization methodology for parallel hybrid electric propulsion architectures is presented in this paper. The gas turbine multipoint cycle design method is extended to turboprop and turbofan architectures, and several trade studies are performed initially at the cycle level. It is shown that the maximum degree of electrification is limited by the surge margin levels of the booster in the turbofan configuration. An aircraft mission-level assessment is then performed using the integrated optimization method initially for an A320 Neo style aircraft case. The results indicate that the optimal cycle redesigned hybrid electric propulsion system (HEPS) favors takeoff and climb power on-takes while optimal retrofit HEPS favor cruise power on-takes. It is shown that for current battery energy density (250 Wh/Kg), there is no fuel burn benefit. Furthermore, even for optimistic energy density values (750 Wh/kg) the maximum fuel burn benefit for a 500 nm mission is 5.5% and 4% for redesigned and retrofit HEPS, respectively. The power management strategies for HEPS configurations also differ based on gas turbine technology with improvement in gas turbine technology showing greater scope for electrification. The method is then extended to ATR 72 style aircraft case, showing greater fuel burn benefits across the flight mission envelope. The power management strategies also change depending on the objective function, and optimum strategies are reported for direct operating cost or fuel burn. The retrofit case studies show a benefit in direct operating cost compared to redesigned case studies for ATR 72. Finally, a novel multimission approach is shown to highlight the overall fuel burn and direct operating cost benefit across the aircraft mission cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The induced size-Ramsey number r ^ ind k (H) of a graph H is the smallest number of edges a (host) graph G can have such that for any k-coloring of its edges, there exists a monochromatic copy of H which is an induced subgraph of G. In 1995, in their seminal paper, Haxell, Kohayakawa and Łuczak showed that for cycles, these numbers are linear for any constant number of colours, i.e., r ^ ind k (C n) ≤ C n for some C = C (k) . The constant C comes from the use of the regularity lemma, and has a tower type dependence on k. In this paper we significantly improve these bounds, showing that r ^ ind k (C n) ≤ O (k 102) n when n is even, thus obtaining only a polynomial dependence of C on k. We also prove r ^ ind k (C n) ≤ e O (k log k) n for odd n, which almost matches the lower bound of e Ω (k) n . Finally, we show that the ordinary (non-induced) size-Ramsey number satisfies r ^ k (C n) = e O (k) n for odd n. This substantially improves the best previous result of e O (k 2) n , and is best possible, up to the implied constant in the exponent. To achieve our results, we present a new host graph construction which, roughly speaking, reduces our task to finding a cycle of approximate given length in a graph with local sparsity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a digraph and a subset of vertices representing initial positions, we study the existence problem of infinitely long walks, one starting from each initial position, that never meet. We show that the subsets for which this is possible constitute the independent sets of a matroid. We prove that the independence oracle is polynomial-time. We also provide a more efficient algorithm to compute the size of a basis. Then we focus on the orientation problem of the undirected edges of a mixed graph to either maximize or minimize the rank of a subset. Some NP-hardness results and inapproximability results are proved in the general case. Polynomial-time algorithms are described for subsets of size 1. We also report several connections with other matroid classes. For example, we show that the class of no-meet matroids strictly contains transversal matroids while it is strictly contained inside gammoids. Some extensions and related applications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Opalinus Clay, a silty to sandy claystone formation, Early to Middle Jurassic (Toarcian and Aalenian) in age, has been selected as the host rock for deep subsurface disposal of radioactive waste in Switzerland. Over the past thirty years, numerous geotechnical, mineralogical, and sedimentological studies have been conducted on the Opalinus Clay within the framework of the Nagra (National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste) deep drilling campaigns and the Mont Terri Project, an international research program dedicated to the study of claystone. The present study aims to unravel the variability of the lateral and vertical facies of the Opalinus Clay in central Northern Switzerland and to place this variability in a regional and basinal context. Analyses of new cores drilled in central Northern Switzerland, including petrographic, mineralogical (X-ray diffraction, multi-mineral interpretation), geochemical (X-ray fluorescence), statistical (non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis), and bedding dip and azimuth data, shed new light on the depositional facies and the spatial and temporal variability of the Opalinus Clay. Petrographic descriptions encompass nine new drill cores using a revised subfacies/facies classification scheme based on texture (colour, grain size, bedding) and composition (mineralogy). Particularly, one new subfacies (SF6) is described and interpreted as mass-wasting deposits. The drill cores are correlated laterally using specific marker horizons. This correlation is achieved by combining thorough facies investigations with lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and chemostratigraphy. Six to seven small coarsening-upward cycles and two long-term coarsening-upward sequences can be interpreted as regressive trends. The observed trends are influenced by the interplay between sediment supply, eustatic sea level change, synsedimentary subsidence, but also the palaeogeographic configuration in an epicontinental sea, provenance and delivery of sediments, current dynamics and climate change. Finally, combined results show that the current dynamics in the Opalinus Clay has been underestimated until now and new depositional models, including the occurrence of drift deposits, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the critical role of sleep as one of the three pillars of wellness, alongside nutrition and exercise, and highlights its often-overlooked importance among medical professionals. Topics discussed include the physiological mechanisms of sleep, the impact of aging on sleep quality, and the body's circadian and ultradian rhythms.

The aim of this investigation was to study how autoregulation impacted training volume, performance, and muscle size on a 10-week mixed session periodized (MSP) resistance training program, characterized by the inclusion of different training foci in each session. Twenty-four resistance trained men were assigned to an autoregulated mixed session periodized (AMSP group; n = 13; age = 26.2 ± 4.9 y; body mass = 82.0 ± 8.7 kg; height = 176.8 ± 6.0 cm) or into an MSP (n = 11; age = 24.0 ± 2.6; body mass = 81.3 ± 10.5 kg; height = 174.0 ± 5.4 cm) group. Subjects in both groups trained 5 days per week for 10 weeks and performed the same exercises. The difference between the groups consisted in the use of a perceived recovery-based scale to adjust the individual training volume in the AMSP program. Maximal strength (bench press and squat 1 repetition maximum), power (bench press throw and countermovement jump), and muscle architecture (muscle thickness [MT] of biceps brachii, trapezius, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis) were collected before and after the 10-week training period. In addition, training volume and session load were calculated for each training session. A higher total training volume (p < 0.001) was seen in AMSP program compared with MSP program, but no differences (p > 0.05) were noted in the average session load. No significant differences between the groups were detected for MT of both upper-body and lower-body muscles (p's > 0.05) and lean body mass (p = 0.681). No significant differences between the groups were detected for any strength or power measurements. Results of this study indicate that a perceived recovery-based AMSP training program was not more effective than an MSP training program for increasing muscle size and performance in resistance trained men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a finite abelian group A , define f (A) to be the minimum integer such that for every complete digraph Γ on f vertices and every map w : E (Γ) → A , there exists a directed cycle C in Γ such that ∑ e ∈ E (C) w (e) = 0. The study of f (A) was initiated by Alon and Krivelevich (2021). In this article, we prove that f (Z p k) = O (p k (log ⁡ k) 2) , where p is prime, with an improved bound of O (k log ⁡ k) when p = 2. These bounds are tight up to a factor which is polylogarithmic in k. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the experience of harvesting oats and exploring the cyclical nature of time and spirituality. Topics include the intersection of lunar rhythms and plant growth; the role of water and tides in influencing natural cycles; and the creation of communal meals as a ritualistic exploration of these themes through an interspecies narrative of oats and oysters.

Abstract The Opalinus Clay, a silty to sandy claystone formation, Early to Middle Jurassic (Toarcian and Aalenian) in age, has been selected as the host rock for deep subsurface disposal of radioactive waste in Switzerland. Over the past thirty years, numerous geotechnical, mineralogical, and sedimentological studies have been conducted on the Opalinus Clay within the framework of the Nagra (National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste) deep drilling campaigns and the Mont Terri Project, an international research program dedicated to the study of claystone. The present study aims to unravel the variability of the lateral and vertical facies of the Opalinus Clay in central Northern Switzerland and to place this variability in a regional and basinal context. Analyses of new cores drilled in central Northern Switzerland, including petrographic, mineralogical (X-ray diffraction, multi-mineral interpretation), geochemical (X-ray fluorescence), statistical (non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis), and bedding dip and azimuth data, shed new light on the depositional facies and the spatial and temporal variability of the Opalinus Clay. Petrographic descriptions encompass nine new drill cores using a revised subfacies/facies classification scheme based on texture (colour, grain size, bedding) and composition (mineralogy). Particularly, one new subfacies (SF6) is described and interpreted as mass-wasting deposits. The drill cores are correlated laterally using specific marker horizons. This correlation is achieved by combining thorough facies investigations with lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and chemostratigraphy. Six to seven small coarsening-upward cycles and two long-term coarsening-upward sequences can be interpreted as regressive trends. The observed trends are influenced by the interplay between sediment supply, eustatic sea level change, synsedimentary subsidence, but also the palaeogeographic configuration in an epicontinental sea, provenance and delivery of sediments, current dynamics and climate change. Finally, combined results show that the current dynamics in the Opalinus Clay has been underestimated until now and new depositional models, including the occurrence of drift deposits, are discussed.

The planar Turán numberexP(n,H) of a graph H is the maximum number of edges in an n‐vertex planar graph without H as a subgraph. Let Ck denote the cycle of length k. The planar Turán number exP(n,Ck) is known for k≤7. We show that dense planar graphs with a certain connectivity property (known as circuit graphs) contain large near triangulations, and we use this result to obtain consequences for planar Turán numbers. In particular, we prove that there is a constant D so that exP(n,Ck)≤3n−6−Dn/klog2 3 for all k≥4 and n≥klog2 3. When k≥11 this bound is tight up to the constant D and proves a conjecture of Cranston, Lidický, Liu, and Shantanam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Most high-intensity bouts of exercise in volleyball consist of jumping activities, which are responsible for inducing muscle damage, high levels of fatigue, and muscle soreness. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to quantify and analyze the training loads, neuromuscular fatigue, and perceptual well-being of a 5-week in-season mesocycle carried out by a professional male volleyball team. Methods: Fifteen volleyball players (age 28.51 [5.39] y; height 193.19 [9.87] cm; body mass 88.46 [13.18] kg) participated in this study. Internal training load assessed through the rating of perceived exertion, external training load (ETL; evaluated using an inertial motion unit), countermovement jump (CMJ) height and peak power, and wellness questionnaire responses were obtained from all athletes. Results: Results indicated a progressive decrease of the internal training load during the week and by the undulatory pattern of the ETL during the microcycles. Moreover, training monotony increased across the microcycles and was negatively associated with CMJ peak power (r = −.681, P <.05). Finally, sleep quality (ρ = −.747, P <.01) and fatigue (ρ = −.789, P <.01) were negatively associated with weekly ETL. Conclusions: This study indicated that sleep quality and fatigue were negatively associated with weekly ETL. Therefore, decreases in weekly ETL might be needed to improve sleep quality and decrease fatigue in professional volleyball players. Plus, higher values of training monotony were associated with lower values of CMJ peak power. Consequently, avoiding training monotony might be important to improve jumping performance in professional volleyball athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integrated design of a variable cycle engine (VCE) and an aircraft thermal management system (TMS) is investigated. The integrated system is designed using the multiple design point approach in order to achieve required performance metrics at points other than the cycle design condition. The VCE architecture is a three stream design where the third stream is split off after the fan, exhausting through a separate third-stream nozzle. The primary air stream passes through a low-pressure compressor before splitting into an inner bypass stream and a core stream. The inner streams mix aft of the low-pressure turbine and exhaust through a core nozzle. The variable cycle engine utilizes variable compressor inlet guide vanes, a variable area bypass injector at the core stream mixing plane, and variable throats in the two exhaust nozzles. The TMS architecture is an air cycle system using air bled from the high-pressure compressor. The effect of integrating the TMS into the engine design loop is investigated. A comparison is made to prior studies where the same TMS architecture was connected to a low bypass ratio turbofan engine. The comparison shows that the variable cycle engine is able to improve heat dissipation capability versus a ram air cooled system, while eliminating the airframe integration impact that comes with a separate ram-air stream. Lastly, the impact of modulating the variable geometry features on overall cooling capability is investigated. Results are presented for individual operating points as well as at the aircraft mission level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in the prevalence of loneliness in Denmark from 2000 to 2021 by conducting age-period-cohort analysis. Methods: Our study was based on a sample (N =83,437; age: ⩾16 years) of the Danish Health and Morbidity Surveys conducted in Denmark in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2013, 2017 and 2021. We used logistic regression models by gender to estimate the age-period-cohort effects, with loneliness as the dependent variable and age, survey year and birth cohort as independent variables, mutually adjusted. Results: The prevalence of adult loneliness increased by each survey year over the entire period (from 13.2% in 2000 to 27.4% in 2021 among men and from 18.8% to 33.7% among women). Overall, a U-shaped curve, for the prevalence of loneliness among different age groups, was observed, which was most pronounced among women. The greatest increase in the prevalence of loneliness from 2000 to 2021 was observed among the youngest age group (16–24 years), with 28.4 and 30.7 percentage points for men and women. No significant cohort effect was observed. Conclusions: The observed increase in loneliness prevalence from 2000 to 2021 was driven by period and age effects rather than cohort effects. It should be noted that data from 2021 were collected during a national lockdown due to an outbreak of COVID-19, which could explain part of the large increase in loneliness from 2017 to 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How many edges in an n$$ n $$‐vertex graph will force the existence of a cycle with as many chords as it has vertices? Almost 30 years ago, Chen, Erdős and Staton considered this question and showed that any n$$ n $$‐vertex graph with 2n3/2$$ 2{n}^{3/2} $$ edges contains such a cycle. We significantly improve this old bound by showing that Ω(nlog8n)$$ \Omega \left(n\kern0.2em {\log}^8n\right) $$ edges are enough to guarantee the existence of such a cycle. Our proof exploits a delicate interplay between certain properties of random walks in almost regular expanders. We argue that while the probability that a random walk of certain length in an almost regular expander is self‐avoiding is very small, one can still guarantee that it spans many edges (and that it can be closed into a cycle) with large enough probability to ensure that these two events happen simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Accurate prediction of seizure occurrence has long been a clinical goal since this would allow to optimize patient treatment, prevent injuries due to seizures, and alleviate the patient burden of unpredictability. Advances in implantable electroencephalographic (EEG) devices, allowing for long-term interictal EEG recordings, have facilitated major progress in this field. Recently, it has been discovered that interictal brain activity demonstrates circadian and multi-dien cycles that are strongly aligned, or phase locked, with seizure risk. Thus, cyclical brain activity patterns have been used to forecast seizures. However, in the effort to develop a clinically useful EEG based seizure forecasting system, challenges remain. Firstly, multiple EEG features demonstrate cyclical patterns, but it remains unclear which feature is best suited for predicting seizures. Secondly, the technology for long-term EEG recording is currently limited in both spatial and temporal sampling resolution. In this study, we compare five established EEG metrics:synchrony, spatial correlation, temporal correlation, signal variance which have been motivated from critical dynamics theory, and interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) which are a traditional marker of seizure propensity. We assess their effectiveness in detecting 24-h and seizure cycles as well as their robustness under spatial and temporal subsampling. Analyzing intracranial EEG data from 23 patients, we report that all examined features exhibit 24-h cycles. Spatial correlation, signal variance, and synchrony showed the highest phase locking with seizures, while IED rates were the lowest. Notably, spatial and temporal correlation were also found to be highly correlated to each other, as were signal variance and IED--suggesting some features may reflect similar aspects of cortical dynamics, whereas others provide complementary information. All features proved robust under subsampling, indicating that the dynamic properties of interictal activity evolve slowly and are not confined to specific brain regions. Our results may aid future translational research by assisting in design and testing of EEG based seizure forecasting systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G = G(V,E) be a graph. A set S U V is a power dominating set of G if S observes all the vertices in V, following two rules: domination and propagation. The cardinality of a minimum power dominating set is called the power domination number. In this paper, we compute the power domination number of generalized m-Mycielskian of a cycle, Cn. We found that it depends on the numbers n and m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crossing number of a graph is a significant measure that indicates the complexity of the graph and the difficulty of visualizing it. In this paper, we examine the crossing numbers of join products involving the complete graph K 5 with discrete graphs, paths, and cycles. We analyze optimal drawings of K 5 , identify all five non-isomorphic drawings, and address previously hypothesized crossing numbers for K 5 + P n , and K 5 + C n . Through a simplified approach, we first establish cr (K 5 + D n) and then extend our method to prove the crossing numbers cr (K 5 + P n) and cr (K 5 + C n) . These results also lead to new hypotheses for cr (W m + S n) and cr (W m + W n) involving wheels and stars. Our findings correct previous inaccuracies in the literature and provide a foundation for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that k -uniform hypergraphs on n vertices whose codegree is at least (2 / 3 + o (1)) n can be decomposed into tight cycles, subject to the trivial divisibility conditions. As a corollary, we show those graphs contain tight Euler tours as well. In passing, we also investigate decompositions into tight paths. In addition, we also prove an alternative condition for building absorbers for edge-decompositions of arbitrary k -uniform hypergraphs, which should be of independent interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neurologic circadian influences, including sleep/wake transitions, processes (e.g., hormonal variation), and behavioral patterns (e.g., consumption of food and oral medications), may affect seizure patterns. Specific circadian patterns of seizures have been reported depending on type, onset location, and severity; however, data on patterns for patients with seizure clusters and effectiveness of rescue therapy by time of day are limited. Methods: We conducted post hoc analyses using patient diary data from the phase 3 safety study of diazepam nasal spray, which is indicated for acute treatment of seizure clusters in patients with epilepsy aged =6 years. Patients were administered age- and weight-based doses; second doses could be administered if needed to control a seizure cluster. We assessed clock timing of seizure-cluster onset along with second-dose use as a proxy for effectiveness. Treatment-emergent adverse events were recorded. Results: Seizure-cluster onset was observed to be generally highest during mornings and late evenings and lowest in the early evening and middle of the night. Second-dose use was not consistently associated with a specific time of day. The safety profile was consistent with that expected from previous studies of diazepam nasal spray. Conclusion: These results suggest that diazepam nasal spray can be effectively administered at any time of day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control charts are useful to monitor if a process is in a state of statistical control (in-control) or if changes have occurred due to the presence of any assignable causes. To this end, the pattern of points displayed on a control chart plays an important role. A process is declared as in-control when the plotted points display a random pattern. On the other hand, when the points display a nonrandom pattern, with or without one or more points falling beyond the control limits, the process may be declared out-of-control. Thus, the constellation of points, along with the type of the displayed pattern in a control chart can provide useful clues about the possible presence and diagnosis of assignable causes, which can then be dealt with in an appropriate manner. In this work, we propose a methodology using randomness tests based on the theory of runs that can be applied in a supplementary manner in order to assess the statistical significance of a pattern on a Phase I Shewhart X ¯ chart in an objective way. Five common nonrandom patterns with corresponding tests are considered. The performance of the tests is evaluated in terms of their false alarm rate and power, via simulation. An illustration based on some real data is provided. Conclusions and practical recommendations are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we unfold balanced and totally balanced neighborhood hypergraphs to discover new classes of normally torsion-free monomial ideals. As a consequence, we establish that the closed neighborhood ideals and the dominating ideals of strongly chordal graphs are normally torsion-free. We discuss the stable sets of associated primes of the dominating ideals of cycles and characterize all the cycles with normally torsion-free dominating ideals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Swedish administrative panel data, we document that workers facing higher left‐tail income risk when equity markets perform poorly have lower portfolio equity share. In line with theory, the relationship between cyclical skewness and stock holdings increases with the share of human capital in a worker's total wealth and vanishes as workers get closer to retirement. Cyclical skewness also predicts portfolio differences within pairs of identical twins. Our findings show that households hedge against correlated tail risks, an important mechanism in asset pricing and portfolio choice models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecología Política is the property of Fundacio ENT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background No definite conclusion has yet to be reached for immunotherapy beyond progression(IBP) of first-line immunotherapy as the second-line treatment for advanced NSCLC patients with negative driver genes. Therefore a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of IBP in this population and investigated whether the cycles best response and progressive mode of first-line immunotherapy could affect the results. Patients and methods The clinical data of patients with advanced NSCLC whose response was evaluated as progressive disease (PD) after receiving a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as first-line therapy were retrospectively collected and the patients were assigned to the IBP and non-IBP groups. The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated between the two groups. The survival effects of cycles best response and progressive mode of first-line immunotherapy were also evaluated. Results Between January 2019 and January 2022, a total of 121 patients was evaluated as PD after first-line immunotherapy in our institution; 53 (43.8%) patients were included in the IBP group and 68 (56.2%) patients were included in the non-IBP group. The OS and PFS were no significantly different between the two groups in whole population. Further analysis revealed the OS was prolonged with the prolongation of first-line medication cycle. The median OS was 15.4m (15.4 vs 10.8 p=0.047) 16.1m (16.1 vs 10.8 p=0.039), 16.3m (16.3 vs 10.9 p=0.029) for patients with ≥4, ≥6, ≥8 cycles in first-line immunotherapy, respectively. The advantages of OS and PFS were also seen in the subgroup of PR (best response) and oligo progression of first-line immunotherapy. Conclusions The clinical outcomes of IBP were similar to those of non-IBP in patients with PD after first-line immnuotherapy in advanced NSCLC. But more cycles, PR as best response and oligo progression in first-line was benefit.

Background: No definite conclusion has yet to be reached for immunotherapy beyond progression(IBP) of first-line immunotherapy as the second-line treatment for advanced NSCLC patients with negative driver genes. Therefore a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of IBP in this population and investigated whether the cycles best response and progressive mode of first-line immunotherapy could affect the results. Patients and methods: The clinical data of patients with advanced NSCLC whose response was evaluated as progressive disease (PD) after receiving a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors as first-line therapy were retrospectively collected and the patients were assigned to the IBP and non-IBP groups. The overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated between the two groups. The survival effects of cycles best response and progressive mode of first-line immunotherapy were also evaluated. Results: Between January 2019 and January 2022, a total of 121 patients was evaluated as PD after first-line immunotherapy in our institution; 53 (43.8%) patients were included in the IBP group and 68 (56.2%) patients were included in the non-IBP group. The OS and PFS were no significantly different between the two groups in whole population. Further analysis revealed the OS was prolonged with the prolongation of first-line medication cycle. The median OS was 15.4m (15.4 vs 10.8 p=0.047) 16.1m (16.1 vs 10.8 p=0.039), 16.3m (16.3 vs 10.9 p=0.029) for patients with ≥4, ≥6, ≥8 cycles in first-line immunotherapy, respectively. The advantages of OS and PFS were also seen in the subgroup of PR (best response) and oligo progression of first-line immunotherapy. Conclusions: The clinical outcomes of IBP were similar to those of non-IBP in patients with PD after first-line immnuotherapy in advanced NSCLC. But more cycles, PR as best response and oligo progression in first-line was benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the qualitative analysis of the two dynamical systems simulating circular gene network functioning. The equations of a three-dimensional dynamical system contain some monotonically decreasing smooth functions that describe negative feedback. A six-dimensional dynamical system consists of three equations with monotonically decreasing smooth functions and three equations with monotonically increasing smooth functions that characterize negative and positive feedbacks. In both models the process of degradation is described by smooth nonlinear functions. We construct invariants domains in order to localize cycles for both systems, show that each of the two systems has a unique stationary point in the invariant domain, and find the conditions for this point to be hyperbolic. The main result is the proof of existence of a cycle in the invariant subdomain from which the trajectories cannot pass to other subdomains obtained by discretization of the phase portrait. The cycles of three- and six-dimensional systems bound the two-dimensional invariant surfaces including the trajectories of the systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a graph G = (V (G) , E (G)) and a proper total k -coloring μ : V (G) ∪ E (G) → { 1 , 2 , ... , k } , we call μ neighbor sum distinguishing total coloring provided h (v) ≠ h (u) for any u v ∈ E (G) where h (v) = μ (v) + ∑ u v ∈ E (G) μ (u v) for any v ∈ V (G). Neighbor sum distinguishing total coloring was first defined by Pilśniak and Woźniak. They conjectured Δ (G) + 3 colors enable any graph G to admit such a coloring. The neighbor sum distinguishing total chromatic number χ Σ ′ ′ is the minimum integer where a graph is needed for this coloring. In this paper, we present two conclusions that χ Σ ′ ′ ≤ Δ (G) + 2 provided there are no 3-cycles adjacent to 4-cycles in a planar graph G with Δ (G) ≥ 8 without cut edges, and χ Σ ′ ′ ≤ Δ (G) + 3 provided there are no 4-cycles intersecting with 6-cycles in a planar graph G with Δ (G) ≥ 7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that for every integer m≥2$$ m\ge 2 $$ and large n$$ n $$, every properly edge‐colored graph on n$$ n $$ vertices with at least n(logn)53$$ n{\left(\log n\right)}^{53} $$ edges contains a rainbow subdivision of Km$$ {K}_m $$. This is sharp up to a polylogarithmic factor. Our proof method exploits the connection between the mixing time of random walks and expansion in graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For an integer a and a graph G, the a-disintegration of G is the graph obtained from G by recursively deleting vertices of degree at most a until the resulting graph has no such vertex. Pósa proved that if a 2-connected graph contains a path on m ≥ k vertices with end-vertices in its ⌊(k-1)2]⌋disintegration, then G contains a cycle of length at least k. We prove that if a 2-connected graph contains a path on m ≥ k vertices with end-vertices in its ⌊(k-3)/2⌋-disintegration, then G contains either a cycle of length at least k or a specific family of graphs. As an application, we strengthen the Erdös--Gallai stablity theorem of Füredi, Kostochka, Luo, and Verstraëte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Seizure clusters require prompt medical treatment to minimize possible progression to status epilepticus, increased health care use, and disruptions to daily life. Isolated seizures may exhibit cyclical patterns, including circadian and longer rhythms. However, little is known about the cyclical patterns in seizure clusters. This post hoc analysis of data from a long‐term, phase 3, open‐label, repeat‐dose safety study of diazepam nasal spray modeled the periodicity of treated seizure clusters. Methods: Mixed‐effects cosinor analysis evaluated circadian rhythmicity, and single component cosinors using 12 and 24 h were used to calculate cosinor parameters (e.g., midline statistic of rhythm, wave ampitude, and acrophase [peak]). Analysis was completed for the full cohort and a consistent cohort of participants with two or more seizure clusters in each of four, 3‐month periods. The influence of epilepsy type on cosinor parameters was also analyzed. Results: Seizure‐cluster events plotted across 24 h showed a bimodal distribution with acrophases (peaks) at ~06:30 and ~18:30. A 12‐h plot showed a single peak at ~06:30. Cosinor analyses of the full and consistent cohort aligned, with acrophases for both models predicting peak seizure activity at ~23:30 on a 24‐h scale and ~07:30 on a 12‐h scale. The consistent cohort was associated with increases in baseline and peak seizure‐cluster activity. Analysis by epilepsy type identified distinct trends. Seizure clusters in the focal epilepsy group peaked in the evening (acrophase 19:19), whereas events in the generalized epilepsy group peaked in the morning (acrophase 04:46). Together they compose the bimodal clustering observed over 24 h. Significance: This analysis of seizure clusters treated with diazepam nasal spray demonstrated that seizure clusters occur cyclically in 12‐ and 24‐h time frames similar to that reported with isolated seizures. Further elucidation of these patterns may provide important information for patient care, ranging from improved patient‐centered outcomes to seizure‐cluster prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee silverskin is a byproduct of the coffee industry, appearing in large quantities during the roasting step. In this work, a sober and simple water process is proposed, using extractions cycles, to produce valuable products including (a) an extract rich in caffeine, (b) possibly pure caffeine, and (c) insoluble fibers. The hypothetical number of necessary cycles was calculated and compared to the number of cycles used experimentally. Two types of cycles, with and without water compensation, were compared for their water consumption and the amount of caffeine extracted. The use of cycles, with the resulting product from a previous extraction as a solvent for fresh biomass, drove a significant rise in the content of caffeine determined by a UV–visible detector with a spectrophotometer and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). After 11 extraction cycles with water compensation, we obtained an extract 4.5 times more concentrated in caffeine (4.25 mg/mL) than after a single extraction (1.03 mg/mL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is twofold: analyzing stationarity of energy consumption by source in the United States and studying their cycles and pairwise synchronization. We study a panel of nine time series of monthly energy consumption for the period 1973–2022. Four of the series (namely coal, natural gas, petroleum, and nuclear electric power consumption) are non-renewables, whereas the remaining ones (hydroelectric power, geothermal, biomass, solar, and wind energy consumption) are renewable energy sources. We employ a nonparametric, panel stationarity testing approach. The results indicate that most of the series may be trend-stationarity, with nuclear and geothermal energy consumption being the only exceptions. Additionally, a study on potential cycles in the series of energy consumption by source is carried out, and subsequently we analyze pairwise concordance between states of different energy sources and between states of energy sources and the business cycle. Significant correlations are detected in the latter analysis, which are positive in the case of fossil fuel sources and negative for two renewable sources, namely geothermal and biomass energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal energy storage (TES) devices use phase change materials (PCMs) to store and release thermal energy. Control-oriented models are needed to predict the behavior of TES devices and experimental validation is necessary to demonstrate the predictive capabilities of these models. This paper presents an experimental validation of a switched moving boundary (MB) approach for modeling TES devices, where the dynamics of the device are captured with fewer states than traditional models. A graph-based modeling approach is used to model heat flow, while the moving boundary captures the time-varying liquid and solid regions of the TES. The model uses a finite state machine (FSM) to switch between four modes of operation based on the state-of-charge (SOC) of the TES. Results show that the switched MB approach has similar accuracy and lower computational cost compared to traditional modeling approaches when predicting the SOC of an experimental TES device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]