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Simultaneous deployment of the electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs) and distributed photovoltaic stations (DPVSs) in the distribution systems is an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote renewable power adoption, and achieve sustainable development in energy utilization. In this context, how to deploy the EVCSs and DPVSs in the distribution systems with a reasonable scheme is of great importance. In this article, a joint planning model is developed to optimize locations and capacities of the EVCSs and DPVSs simultaneously to reduce energy losses in the distribution systems. In the joint planning model, constraints on bus voltage deviations and line currents are both formulated as chance constraints to ensure that the distribution systems are in reasonable operating statues. To quantify these two chance constraints, a scenario-based method is developed to calculate the probabilistic power flow of the distribution systems during a typical planning day, in which random characters of the DPVS generations and the EVCS charging loads are both considered. The joint planning model of the EVCSs and DPVSs developed in this article is difficult to be solved by mathematical optimization methods. Therefore, genetic algorithm (GA) is customized and utilized to solve the joint planning model of the EVCSs and DPVSs. Finally, a case study based on IEEE 33-bus distribution systems validates the joint planning model and its solving algorithm.

Customer baseline load (CBL) estimation is very important in demand response (DR) program. Due to the increasing installation of distributed photovoltaic system (DPVS), the load patterns of residential customers become more complex and random. The actual load power of the customer is coupled with the DPVS output power, which makes it more difficult to estimate CBL. Since the electricity meter can only measure the net load data, this article proposes a PV-load decoupling approach to improve the CBL estimation accuracy in the presence of DPVS. CBL is the difference between actual load power and DPVS output power, so the CBL estimate is converted into two sub-problems: the estimation of actual load power and the estimation of DPVS output power. First, the actual load power of DR customers is estimated based on the load power of the control group customers. Then, the DPVS output during DR period is obtained based on the DPVS output estimation model. Finally, CBL is estimated based on the actual load power and DPVS output power. In order to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the approach, two real datasets from Sydney and Austin are used to simulate the CBL estimation. Compared with the net load directly estimating the CBL, the comparison results indicate that the proposed method shows better accuracy performance.

Commercial distributed photovoltaic (DPV) inverters need to comply with standards and guidelines defined by local utilities and distribution system operators. However, due to lack of clear guideline in standards about the performance of inverters under certain types of grid disturbances, these inverters can exhibit a diverse range of responses. As power systems begin to accommodate larger quantities of generation from DPVs their response becomes critical to system security. Power hardware-in-the-loop (PHiL) testing is used in this paper to analyze the behavior of commercial DPV inverters under various grid disturbances. One of the key advantages of this approach is the integration of detailed distribution network models in the testing. The voltage on the point of common coupling (PCC) of the DPV inverter can thus be similar to practical conditions. Experimental tests on multiple commercial DPV inverters are performed to validate the proposed approach and its importance in identifying the interaction of inverters with grid disturbances. The results also demonstrate the need for extensive network-oriented testing of DPV inverters beyond standards compliance.

In order to tackle the energy crisis, plenty of researches have focused on the integration of renewable energy, such as the wind power and the distributed photovoltaic (DPV). However, the penetration of DPVs in the individual power system is restricted due to the operational limits. Hence, the integrated electricity and heat system (IEHS) has been developed to improve the system flexibility and enlarge the penetration of DPV. This paper presents an optimal planning method of DPV in IEHS, which formulates the optimization model of DPV planning according to the modeling of the multi-energy networks. In order to reduce the curtailment of DPVs, the penalty cost of DPVs is integrated to the objective of the proposed planning model. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed planning method.

One of the most common applications of time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is the localization of dielectric permittivity variations (DPVs) along cable systems. However, signal attenuation and dispersion phenomena limit the usability of TDR when used on long cable systems. Some TDR measuring instruments offer the possibility of modifying the amplitude and the width of the TDR test pulse signal, along with the gain of the input stage amplifier. Increasing these parameters generally allows to investigate longer distances; nevertheless, increasing the gain may saturate the instrument analog to digital converter (ADC) and increasing the pulse width leads to worse spatial resolution. For this reason, it is customary for the operator to repeat TDR measurements several times, with different settings, and proceed by focusing each time on a different TDR reflectogram; however, this procedure is time-consuming and, eventually, it does not guarantee optimal performance. Starting from these considerations, in this work, a new measurement algorithm for facilitating and making more effective the TDR-based localization of large DPVs on long cable systems is proposed. The algorithm automatically acquires several TDR reflectograms obtained by setting different values of the gain of the input stage amplifier and the values of the pulse width of the test signal. The reflectograms are then automatically processed, in an effort to balance the short-distance resolution and long-distance gain in a single composite reflectogram (CR), which can be conveniently used also by non-skilled operators. The developed algorithm was implemented and validated through experiments on a practical case study to localize DPVs on a 300 m-long cable system.

Background: The imbalance between the production and clearance of alpha-synuclein and its consequent accumulation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The diminished clearance of alpha-synuclein may be partly attributable to impaired interstitial fluid, which can be reflected by the extent of dilated perivascular space (dPVS). We studied the association between dPVS and dopamine neuronal degeneration. Method: We screened 71 healthy controls (HCs) and 88 patients from the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. The dPVS was evaluated in different brain regions on axial T2-weighted images, and dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging data was used to elucidate the extent of dopaminergic neuronal degeneration. Patients with PD were further divided into two groups (SN + PD and SN - PD groups) according to whether dPVS was observed in the substantia nigra (SN). DAT uptake values and clinical scales were compared between the patients with PD and HCs and against dPVS scores. We also investigated the correlation between baseline dPVS scores and longitudinal DAT changes. Results: Relative to the HCs, patients with PD had more dPVS in the SN and basal ganglia (BG). PD patients with dPVS in the SN region exhibited greater expression of tau protein in cerebrospinal fluid (P = 0.038) and a trend towards decreased DAT binding (P = 0.086) relative to those without SN dPVS. No correlations were found between dPVS scores and DAT uptake values or between dPVS scores and longitudinal DAT changes. Conclusion: The dPVS in the SN of patients with PD may reflect the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.

Vaccination represents a cost-effective weapon for disease prevention and has proven to dramatically reduce the incidences of several diseases that once were responsible for significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The nasal cavity constitutes the initial stage of the respiratory system and the first contact with inhaled pathogens. The intranasal (IN) route for vaccine administration is an attractive alternative to injection, due to the ease of administration as well as better patient compliance. Many published studies have demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of IN immunization with liquid vaccines. Currently, two liquid IN vaccines are available and both contain live attenuated influenza viruses. FluMist® was approved in 2003 in the United States, and Nasovac® H1N1 vaccine was approved in India in 2010. Preclinical studies showed that IN immunization with dry powder vaccines (DPVs) is feasible. Although there is not a commercially available DPV yet, DPVs have the inherent advantage of being relatively more stable than liquid vaccines. This review focuses on recent developments of DPVs as next-generation IN vaccines.

We present the discovery of 32 new double periodic variables (DPVs) located toward the Galactic bulge. We found these objects among the nearly half a million binary stars published by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment project. With this discovery, we increase the number of known DPVs in the Milky Way by a factor of 2. The new set of DPVs contains 31 eclipsing binaries and one ellipsoidal variable star. The orbital periods cover the range from 1.6 to 26 days, while long periods are detected between 47 and 1144 days. Our analysis confirms a known correlation between orbital and long periods that is also observed in similar systems in the Magellanic Clouds., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures

An efficient and readily scalable thioetherification between 1,1-diphenylethene (DPE) and sodium arylsulfinate was developed for the synthesis of 1,1-diphenylvinylsulfide (DPVS) with the yield up to 99 %. The photophysical properties of DPVS show that the introduction of arylsulfenyl groups onto the parent molecule DPE makes DPVS a novel type of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen (AIEgen) with large Stoke's shift (up to 188 nm). These DPVS possess AIE properties due to restriction of intramolecular motions (RIM), as demonstrated by crystal structure analysis. Importantly, the AIE performance of DPVS can be applied to sense the nitroaromatic explosive picric acid in aqueous systems through a "turn-off" response.

We investigated the narrow‐sense heritability of MRI‐visible dilated perivascular spaces (dPVS) in healthy young adult twins and nontwin siblings (138 monozygotic, 79 dizygotic twin pairs, and 133 nontwin sibling pairs; 28.7 ± 3.6 years) from the Human Connectome Project. dPVS volumes within basal ganglia (BGdPVS) and white matter (WMdPVS) were automatically calculated on three‐dimensional T2‐weighted MRI. In univariate analysis, heritability estimates of BGdPVS and WMdPVS after age and sex adjustment were 65.8% and 90.2%. In bivariate analysis, both BGdPVS and WMdPVS showed low to moderate genetic correlations (.30–.43) but high shared heritabilities (71.8–99.9%) with corresponding regional volumes, intracranial volumes, and other regional dPVS volumes. Older age was significantly associated with larger dPVS volume in both regions even after adjusting for clinical and volumetric variables, while blood pressure was not associated with dPVS volume although there was weak genetic correlation. dPVS volume, particularly WMdPVS, was highly heritable in healthy young adults, adding evidence of a substantial genetic contribution in dPVS development and differential effect by location. Age affects dPVS volume even in young adults, while blood pressure might have limited role in dPVS development in its normal range., dPVS volume, particularly WMdPVS, was highly heritable in healthy young adults, adding evidence of a substantial genetic contribution in dPVS development and differential effect by location.

The three-step rule of distributed photovoltaic (DPVs) connecting to a distribution network in the planning of practical photovoltaic projects is modeled in this paper. On this basis, a method based on large sample historical generation-load data is proposed to comprehensively evaluate the DPV limit penetration level of the low voltage&ndash, medium voltage (LV-MV) distribution network, which is the premise of DPV connection planning. Considering the fluctuations of generation-load data in time and space, the DPV limit penetration level of the LV network is evaluated based on kernel density estimation. On this basis, considering the uncertainties of DPVs connecting node schemes and connection capacity, the limit penetration level of DPVs continuously connecting to the MV network is evaluated based on the dichotomy method and stochastic simulation. Finally, the feasibility of evaluating the DPV limit penetration level by the proposed method is verified based on an example of a real distribution network, which is of great importance for the planning of a distribution network with high DPV permeability to continuously connect to DPVs.

In this paper, we present an interpolation algorithm for numerical solution to optimal control problems, which is based on the dynamic programming viscosity solution (DPVS) approach. An upwind finite-difference method is adopted to solve the HJB equation. Several simulations are executed and both of them, without exception, output the accurate numerical results. This design can avoid solving the HJB equation repeatedly, thus efficaciously promote the computation efficiency and save memory.

Accurate customer baseline load (CBL) estimation is critical for implementing incentive-based demand response (DR) programs. The increasing penetration of grid-tied distributed photovoltaic systems (DPVS) complicates customers’ load patterns, making the CBL estimation more difficult because the volatile actual load and the intermittent PV output power are coupled together. A PV-load decoupling framework is proposed in this paper to address the above issue. The basic idea is to decouple the actual load power and the PV output power, then estimate them separately. To this end, historical PV output power data of each individual DPVS is required. However, pure historical PV output power data is usually unavailable for small-scale DPVSs, since they are normally located behind the meter, thus only the net load (i.e. actual load power minus PV output power) data is metered. Therefore, this paper proposes a machine learning approach to disaggregate the output power of each individual DPVS from net load data. The proposed approach includes two stages: DPVS capacity estimation and PV output power estimation. The first stage consists of two steps. First, a net load curve optimal pairing-based feature extraction method is proposed to extract features from the discrepancy between two different net load curves of the customers under heterogeneous weather conditions. Second, a multiple support vector regression-based ensemble model with the input features extracted in the first step is established to estimate the DPVS capacity. In the second stage, the output power of each DPVS is estimated by its capacity multiplied by the output power of a standard DPVS. Case studies using a real dataset from Sydney indicate that the proposed approach shows a promising performance on PV output power estimation and can significantly improve the CBL estimation accuracy for customers with DPVSs.

Diver propulsion vehicles (hereinafter referred to as DPV) are a kind of small vehicle with underwater high-speed used by divers, who are able to grasp or ride on, and operate the volume switch to change the speed. Different from unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), the interference caused by diver&rsquo, s posture changing is a unique problem. In this paper, a Diver&ndash, DPV multi-body coupling hydrodynamic model considering rigid body dynamics and fluid disturbance is established by analyzing the existing DPV related equipment. The numerical simulation of multi-body articulated motion is realized by using Star-CCM+ overlapping grid and DFBI 6-DOF body motion method. Five cases of DPVs underwater cruising in a straight-line when restraining diver movement is simulated, and five cases with free diver movement are simulated too. Finally, the influence of the diver&rsquo, s posture changing on the cruising speed resistance is analyzed, and the motion equation including the disturbance is solved. The final conclusion is that, the disturbance is favorable at high speed, which can reduce the cruising resistance, and unfavorable at low speed, which increases the cruising resistance. The friction resistance Ff always accounts for the main part in all speed cases.

In this paper, we present a feedback design for numerical solution to optimal control problems, which is based on solving the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation. An upwind finite-difference scheme is adopted to solve the HJB equation under the framework of the dynamic programming viscosity solution (DPVS) approach. Different from the usual existing algorithms, the numerical control function is interpolated in turn to gain the approximation of optimal feedback control-trajectory pair. Five simulations are executed and both of them, without exception, output the accurate numerical results. The design can avoid solving the HJB equation repeatedly, thus efficaciously promote the computation efficiency and save memory.

Background Drift is one of the most important issues to consider for realising sustainable pesticide sprays. This study proposes an alternative indirect methodology for comparative measurements of drift reduction potential (DRP) generated by airblast sprayers, aimed at overcoming the practical inconveniences and drawbacks of standardized ISO 22866:2005. A test bench in the absence of target crop and wind was employed to measure drift potential values (DPVs). A variation to the proposed method that introduced a crop between sprayer and test bench device was considered to study the canopy effect (absence/presence) and to validate the method. In parallel, direct spray drift measurements (ISO 22866) were performed to obtain the drift value (DV). A representative vineyard airblast sprayer was evaluated in four configurations (a combination of two fan airflow rates and two nozzle types). The configurations tested under the three methods (direct and indirects) were classified according to achieved drift reduction percentages (ISO 22369-1:2013) and compared. Results Indirect methods discriminated DPVs from different nozzles (conventional, air induction) and fan airflow rate (high, low) combinations. Indirect methods also showed that despite crop influence on drift amount, target absence has a negligible effect when used specifically for DRP determination/classification. In fact, identical DRP final classifications were achieved for the two methodologies tested. Alternatively, all tested configurations resulted in lower DR values following the ISO 22866 field method, which caused different final classifications due to the high dependence of results on external factors. Conclusions The alternative test bench methodology, characterized by the absence of target crop and calm of wind, was considered feasible for comparative measurements of airblast sprayer DRP. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Most distributed photovoltaic systems (DPVSs) are normally located behind the meter and are thus invisible to utilities and retailers. The accurate information of the DPVS capacity is very helpful in many aspects. Unfortunately, the capacity information obtained by the existing methods is usually inaccurate due to various reasons, e.g., the existence of unauthorized installations. A two-stage DPVS capacity estimation approach based on support vector machine with customer net load curve features is proposed in this paper. First, several features describing the discrepancy of net load curves between customers with DPVSs and those without are extracted based on the weather status driven characteristic of DPVS output power. A one-class support vector classification (SVC) based DPVS detection (DPVSD) model with the input features extracted above is then established to determine whether a customer has a DPVS or not. Second, a bootstrap-support vector regression (SVR) based DPVS capacity estimation (DPVSCE) model with the input features describing the difference of daily total PV power generation between DPVSs with different capacities is proposed to further estimate the specific capacity of the detected DPVS. A case study using a realistic dataset consisting of 183 residential customers in Austin (TX, U.S.A.) verifies the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

The traditional Instrumental observation (or traditional optical instrument) is difficult to obtain correct visibility information in a complicated atmospheric (e.g. rainy and foggy) environment. We developed a new visibility instrument, digital photography visiometer system (DPVS), equipped with advanced digital photographic technology. We compared the results of the new DPVS with those from a forward-scattering visibility instrument (FD12) and manual visibility observations in various (rainy, non-rainy, foggy) weather conditions. The comparative results show that the new DPVS, FD12, and manual observation have the same trend of change, but the observation from the new DPVS is closer to that from the manual observations in rainy days or complicated weather conditions. Our study demonstrates that the new DVPS is superior to the optical visibility instrument and can be used for automated visibility observations under all weather conditions.

Background and Purpose— The genetic contribution to dilated perivascular space (dPVS) burden—an emerging MRI marker of cerebral small vessel disease—is unknown. We measured the heritability of dPVS burden and its shared heritability with other MRI markers of cerebral small vessel disease. Methods— The study sample comprised 1597 participants from the population-based Three City (3C) Dijon Study, with brain MRI and genome-wide genotyping (mean age, 72.8±4.1 years; 61% women). dPVS burden and lacunar brain infarcts were rated on a semiquantitative scale, whereas an automated algorithm generated white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV). We estimated dPVS burden heritability and shared heritability with WMHV and lacunar brain infarcts using the genome-wide complex trait analysis tool, on unrelated participants, adjusting for age, sex, intracranial volume, and principal components of population stratification. Results— dPVS burden was significantly correlated with WMHV and lacunar brain infarcts, the strongest correlation being found between WMHV and dPVS in basal ganglia. Heritability estimates were h 2 =0.59±0.24 ( P =0.007) for dPVS burden, h 2 =0.54±0.24 ( P =0.010) for WMHV, and h 2 =0.48±0.81 ( P =0.278) for lacunar brain infarcts. We found a nonsignificant trend toward shared heritability between dPVS and WMHV (r g =0.41±0.28; P =0.096), which seemed driven by dPVS in basal ganglia (r g =0.72±0.61; P =0.126) and not dPVS in white matter (r g =−0.10±0.36; P =0.393). A genetic risk score for WMHV based on published loci was associated with increased dPVS burden in basal ganglia ( P =0.031). Conclusions— We provide evidence for important genetic contribution to dPVS burden in older community-dwelling people, some of which may be shared with WMHV. Differential heritability patterns for dPVS in white matter and basal ganglia suggest at least partly distinct underlying biological processes.

V393 Scorpii is a member of the subclass of Algols dubbed Double Periodic Variables (DPVs). These are semidetached binaries with B-type primaries showing a long-photometric cycle lasting in average 33 times the orbital period. We describe the behavior of unreported metallic emission lines in the cool stellar component of this system. The emissions can be single or double for a same line and sometimes show velocity shifts regarding the velocity of the center of mass of the star. In addition, these lines are stronger during the high state. This behavior suggests the presence of active regions in the surface of the rapidly rotating A7 donor covering a fraction of the visible hemisphere, which have larger emissivity during the high state. Our finding supports the recently proposed dynamo model for the long cycle of DPVs proposed by Schleicher & Mennickent. The model predicts an increase of the dynamo number of the donor during epochs of mass transfer in this system, and a theoretical long/orbital period ratio very close to the observed one at the present system age., 1 table, 8 figures. To be published in journal Publication of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

W Serpentids and Double Periodic Variables (DPVs) are candidates for close interacting binaries in a non-conservative evolutionary stage; while W Serpentids are defined by high-excitation ultraviolet emission lines present during most orbital phases, and by usually showing variable orbital periods, DPVs are characterized by a long photometric cycle lasting roughly 33 times the (practically constant) orbital period. We report the discovery of 7 new Galactic DPVs, increasing the number of known DPVs in our Galaxy by 50%. We find that DPVs are tangential-impact systems, i.e. their primaries have radii barely larger than the critical Lubow-Shu radius. These systems are expected to show transient discs, but we find that they host stable discs with radii smaller than the tidal radius. Among tangential-impact systems including DPVs and semi-detached Algols, only DPVs have primaries with masses between 7 and 10 $M_{\odot}$. We find that DPVs are in a Case-B mass transfer stage with donor masses between 1 and 2 M$_{\odot}$ and with primaries resembling Be stars. W Serpentids are impact and non-impact systems, their discs extend until the last non-intersecting orbit and show a larger range of stellar mass and mass ratio than DPVs. Infrared photometry reveals significant color excesses in many DPVs and W Serpentids, usually larger for the latter ones, suggesting variable amounts of circumstellar matter.

Digital photography visiometer system (DPVS), that is video visibility instrument, is a new visibility instrument. It adopts the advanced digital photographic technology, and entirely imitates the principle of manual visibility observation with human eye. It carries on the manual visibility observation method, and overcomes the defects of the optical visibility instrument. This paper introduces the basic principles of DPVS, and shows the comparative results and observation differences between DPVS, forward scattering visibility instrument (Vaisala FD12) and manual visibility observation in complicated weather conditions. The comparative results show that DPVS, Vaisala FD12, and manual observation share the same change trend. However, in rainy days and other complicated weather conditions, the observation results of DPVS differ from that of the FD12 to some extent, while are much closer to that of manual observation. In the end of the paper, a concrete theoretical analytic conclusion on observation differences is provided.

Destination promotion videos (DPVs) are increasingly being used for online marketing and seen by travellers during the information search process. Yet, scholarly attention to DPVs is scarce and the research question of “how do DPVs influence viewers’ destination image change?” is unresolved. To fill these voids, this study (1) examines the projected image of Macau based on the video content analysis of their latest DPV; and (2) investigates the impact of viewing a DPV on viewers’ perceived destination image and on their behavioural intention to visit Macau. The efficacy of repeating—a framing method introduced by Entman (1991)—in influencing change in the DPV viewers’ image of the destination is highlighted. Findings from the experiment indicate that the content of DPVs and repeating certain shots are effective in positively enhancing travellers’ perceived destination image as well as triggering potential travellers’ interest in further researching and visiting the destination.

Digital photographic visibility system (DPVS) based on binocular targets is a method using digital camera and image processing technology for visibility detection. In order to obtain accurate results, the function and installation methods for main components of video visibility detection system including artificial objects, cameras and other parts are designed delicately. Also the article explains the image processing algorithm. From this analysis, the detection system engineering and implementation are not complicated. In 2013, this video visibility detection method has been applied to enhance foggy area security system in Anhui Province, Bengbu - Huainan expressway, and achieved good results.

Visibility information is fundamental in aviation, navigation, land transportation, air quality and dust storm monitoring, and military activities which often require frequent and accurate real-time observation of visibility. The traditional manual observation, the primary means to obtain visibility information by human eyes, is subjective, inconsistent and costly. Instrumental observation (or traditional optical instrument) has overcome some of these limitations, but it is difficult to obtain correct visibility information in a complicated atmospheric (e.g. rainy and foggy) environment. We developed a new visibility instrument, digital photography visiometer system (DPVS), equipped with advanced digital photographic technology including high-resolution charge-coupled-device camera and computer. The new DPVS imitates the human eye observation and accurately calculates the visibility based on its definition and observational principles. We compared the results of the new DPVS with those from a forward scattering visibility instrument (FD12) and manual visibility observations in various (rainy, non-rainy, foggy) weather conditions. The comparative results show that the new DPVS, FD12, and manual observation have the same trend of change, but the observation from the new DPVS is closer to that from the manual observations in rainy days or complicated weather conditions. Our study demonstrates that the new DVPS is superior to the optical visibility instrument and can be used for automated visibility observations under all weather conditions.

In this paper, we present a new numerical algorithm to find the optimal control for the general nonlinear lumped systems without state constraints. The dynamic programming-viscosity solution (DPVS) approach is developed and the numerical solutions of both approximate optimal control and trajectory are produced. To show the effectiveness and efficiency of new algorithm, we apply it to an optimal control problem of two types of drug therapies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The quality of the obtained optimal control and the trajectory pair is checked through comparison with the costs under the arbitrarily selected different controls. The results illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.

Safety property checking is mandatory in the validation process of critical software. When formal verification tools fail to prove some properties, the automatic generation of counterexamples for a given loop depth is an important issue in practice. We investigate in this paper the capabilities of constraint-based bounded model checking for program verification and counterexample generation on real applications. We introduce DPVS (Dynamic Post-condition Variable driven Strategy), a new backjumping strategy we developed to handle an industrial application from a car manufacturer, the Flasher Manager. This backjumping strategy is used to search a faulty path and to collect the constraints of such a path. The simplified control flow graph (CFG) of the program is explored in a backward way, starting from the post-condition and jumping to the most promising node where the variables of the post-condition are defined. In other words, the constraints are collected by exploring the CFG in a dynamic and non-sequential backward way. The Flasher Manager application has been designed and simulated using the Simulink platform. However, this module is concretely embedded as a C program in a car computer, thus we have to check that the safety properties are preserved on this C code. We report experiments on the Flasher Manager with our constraint-based bounded model checker, and with CBMC, a state-of-the-art bounded model checker. Experiments show that DPVS and CBMC have similar performances on one property of the Flasher Manager; DPVS outperforms CBMC to find a counterexample for two properties; two of the properties of the Flasher Manager remain intractable for CBMC and DPVS.

This paper provides a brief review of the measures developed to achieve the goal of economic evaluation of public projects. The limitations of the Kaldor–Hicks criterion are highlighted and these issues lead to the development of the discounted present value (DPV) method and the compounded terminal value (CTV) method. However, the latter methods were not without problems. It is demonstrated that using DPV or CTV to evaluate certain public projects produces exorbitantly small DPVs or exorbitantly large CTVs, which would lead to a manifestly perverse ranking if adopted. A new method of evaluating these public projects, known loosely as the corrected equivalent present value method, is proposed to alleviate the problems of DPV and CTV.

Local Binary patterns (LBP) and its extensions typify the present face descriptors due to their intrinsic capability of featuring the neighborhood changes striding over every pixel. These descriptors are usually engineered in an obsolete handcrafted manner and thus sufficient prior knowledge and expertise are necessitated to assure the recognition performance. This paper outlines an improved face descriptor to the recently proposed learning-based discriminant face descriptor (DFD), coined compact discriminant local face descriptor (CDLFD). In general, the pixel discriminant matrices (PDMs) that store the LBP-like local intensity variations are pruned onto the discriminant pixel vectors (DPVs) with respect to the DFD learned feature filters and the optimal soft-sampling matrices. Different from DFD and other analogous state of the arts that cluster the extracted features into the bag-of-word representation, CDLFD encodes the DPVs as a set of vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLADs). The global VLAD signature, i.e., the concatenation of all local VLADs, is appropriately normalized and PCA whitened to yield the globally compact representation. The CDLFD performance is scrutinized based on the standard FERET evaluation protocol and the AR dataset. The experimental results disclose that CDLFD outperforms the handcrafted LBP variants, DFD, and other face descriptors, in terms of rank-1 recognition rate (%).

Facing the grim situation that so far at home and abroad there has been no automatic visibility observing instrument coming out yet that truly meets the definition of visibility, this paper, adopting digital photographic technology, based on the principles of manual visibility observation, delves into a new automatic digital photographic visibility detection system that completely conforms to the definition of visibility. This thesis introduced the work theory of system, compose of system, structure of hardware and software flow, in the end some contrasted experiment results between DPVS and traditional optical visibility as well as manual visibility observation were given. The results show that the three ways share the same change trend with kind of differences. And in complicated weather conditions like rainfall, the differences are more obvious.

In 2009, the European Directive for a Sustainable Use of Pesticides (128/2009/CE) established important mandatory actions to be accomplished by all Member States (MS) in the European Union. The main objective is to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides by reducing their risks and impacts on human health and the environment. Among other important actions, drift reduction measures are essential to avoid the entry of plant protection products (PPP) in water or other undesirable areas. As the risk of environmental contamination is directly related to the spray application technology, there is a strong need for objective methods for drift evaluation as well as robust procedures for the classification of sprayers according to their risk of contamination. For this purpose, and as a complementary tool to actual drift measurement methodologies in the field or in laboratory conditions, a new method has been proposed for the quantification of the potential drift generated by horizontal boom sprayer systems using an ad hoc test bench. This study aims to evaluate the influence of wind velocity and wind direction on the drift potential value (DPV) using the proposed methodology and test bench. The results indicated that wind velocities below 1.0 m s-1 have a negligible influence on the DPV. Front wind led to higher DPVs than lateral wind. A global analysis of data indicates that the proposed methodology and test bench are interesting tools for the quick and objective evaluation of the potential drift if used in appropriate environmental conditions.

A platform-independent occlusion culling library for dynamic environments, dPVS, can benefit such applications as CAD and modeling tools, time-varying simulations, and computer games. Visibility optimization is currently the most effective technique for improving rendering performance in complex 3D environments. The primary reason for this is that during each frame the pixel processing subsystem needs to determine the visibility of each pixel individually. Currently, rendering performance in larger scenes is input sensitive, and most of the processing time is wasted on rendering geometry not visible in the final image. Here we concentrate on real-time visualization using mainstream graphics hardware that has a z-buffer as a de facto standard for hidden surface removal. In an ideal system only the complexity of the geometry actually visible on the screen would significantly impact rendering time - 3D application performance should be output sensitive.

An automatic digital photography visibility system (DPVS) is presented, which can directly measure and monitor horizontal visibility during daytime through digital shooting. After shooting a scene of given black object and background via its CCD digital camera, the system can capture and transfer photographic images in the camera to a computer, as well as process the digital images and calculate the value of visibility. The formulas for calculating visibility with this method and analysing the effect of non-black object on measured results have also been derived. And then the comparison of DPVS observations with a Lidar-visibility measurements has been carried out. The results show that the average deviation and relative average deviation of visibility acquired by DPVS from lidar-visibility measurements are respectively within 0.927 km and 6.68%.

Objective: To investigate whether the topography of dilated perivascular spaces (DPVS) corresponds with markers of particular small-vessel diseases such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertensive vasculopathy. Methods: Patients were recruited from an ongoing single-center prospective longitudinal cohort study of patients evaluated in a memory clinic. All patients underwent structural, high-resolution MRI, and had a clinical assessment performed within 1 year of scan. DPVS were rated in basal ganglia (BG-DPVS) and white matter (WM-DPVS) on T1 sequences, using an established 4-point semiquantitative score. DPVS degree was classified as high (score > 2) or low (score ≤ 2). Independent risk factors for high degree of BG-DPVS and WM-DPVS were investigated. Results: Eighty-nine patients were included (mean age 72.7 ± 9.9 years, 57% female). High degree of WM-DPVS was more frequent than low degree in patients with presence of strictly lobar microbleeds (45.5% vs 28.4% of subjects). High BG-DPVS degree was associated with older age, hypertension, and higher white matter hyperintensity volumes. In multivariate analysis, increased lobar microbleed count was an independent predictor of high degree of WM-DPVS (odds ratio [OR] 1.53 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–2.21], p = 0.02). By contrast, hypertension was an independent predictor of high degree of BG-DPVS (OR 9.4 [95% CI 1–85.2], p = 0.04). Conclusions: The associations of WM-DPVS with lobar microbleeds and BG-DPVS with hypertension raise the possibility that the distribution of DPVS may indicate the presence of underlying small-vessel diseases such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertensive vasculopathy in patients with cognitive impairment.

In this paper, we present the first inner-product encryption (IPE) schemes that are unbounded in the sense that the public parameters do not impose additional limitations on the predicates and attributes used for encryption and decryption keys. All previous IPE schemes were bounded, or have a bound on the size of predicates and attributes given public parameters fixed at setup. The proposed unbounded IPE schemes are fully (adaptively) secure and fully attribute-hiding in the standard model under a standard assumption, the decisional linear (DLIN) assumption. In our unbounded IPE schemes, the inner-product relation is generalized, where the two vectors of inner-product can be different sizes and it provides a great improvement of efficiency in many applications. We also present the first fully secure unbounded attribute-based encryption (ABE) schemes, and the security is proven under the DLIN assumption in the standard model. To achieve these results, we develop novel techniques, indexing and consistent randomness amplification, on the (extended) dual system encryption technique and the dual pairing vector spaces (DPVS).

The observation automation of cloud, energy, and sky is a principal issue to solve in the modern meteorological observation field. The results of most of the research yet done show that: it is possible to achieve the observation automation of cloud, energy, and sky, since the theory and technology is basically prepared, and some of the technology is actually very mature. In the late 20th century, scientists have started to develop a kind of digital visibility automatic monitor, which has adopted advanced digital photographic technology and image recognition technology, based on the definition of visibility and fully imitating the human eye observing visibility principle. Undoubtedly, the digital visibility automatic monitor is the best instrument to replace the manual observation of visibility. Digital photography visibility automation observation instrument is made according to manual visual observation visibility's theory, more objective than traditional transmission, dispersion visibility instrument. This thesis introduced the work theory of digital photographic visibility system (for short is DPVS), compose of system, structure of hardware and software flow, in the end communication between host and outdoor cell was given.

Recently we have introduced a new concept on bilinear pairing groups, dual pairing vector spaces (DPVS). Although we have already enjoyed the merits of DPVS in our results, we here explain them more explicitly, especially some key techniques on DPVS.

We present preliminary results of our spectroscopic campaign of a group of intermediate mass interacting binaries dubbed "Double Periodic Variables" (DPVs), characterized by orbital light curves and additional long photometric cycles recurring roughly after 33 orbital periods (Mennickent et al. 2003, 2005). They have been interpreted as interacting, semi-detached binaries showing cycles of mass loss into the interstellar medium (Mennickent et al. 2008, Mennickent & Kolaczkowski 2009). High resolution Balmer and helium line profiles of DPVs can be interpreted in terms of mass flows in these systems. A system solution is given for LP Ara, based on modeling of the ASAS V-band orbital light curve and the radial velocity of the donor star., To be published in the proceedings book of the IAUS 272, Cambridge University Press. Editors C. Neiner, G. Wade, G. Meynet and G. Peters

The firing properties and projection patterns of secondary vestibular nucleus neurons involved in the vertical vestibulo-ocular pathways were investigated in alert cats. Recordings were made in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) from axons that were monosynaptically activated from the vestibular nerve. Many identified axons discharged in relation to vertical eye movements. The majority of these axons increased their firing rate for downward eye position (DPVs). During pitch rotation, the firing rate of DPVs was also related to upward head velocity, suggesting that they received monosynaptic input from the posterior canal. DPVs could be divided into two groups on the basis of their firing regularity. There was a tendency for regular DPVs to have a higher firing rate, a higher correlation for the rate-position relationship, and a larger phase lag and a smaller gain re head velocity than irregular DPVs. Spike-triggered average method and intraaxonal HRP techniques demonstrated that ipsilaterally projecting (i-) DPVs made inhibitory connections with up-on extraocular motoneurons, and contralaterally projecting (c-) DPVs made excitatory connections with down-on motoneurons. Virtually all i-DPVs were of regular type, while c-DPVs included both regular and irregular types. Stimulation of the caudal MLF at the level of the obex indicated that all the irregular c-DVPs and some of the regular c-DPVs had a collateral to the spinal cord, while none of the regular i-DPVs had such a collateral.

Diver propulsion vehicles (DPVs) are used by recreational and military divers. For the latter divers there is a need for special DPVs which have low magnetic and acoustic signatures so that they can operate in areas were mines are known or suspected to exist or dumped munitions. The possibility of constructing a power system for such a DPV was investigated. Since commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products are being used increasingly in military systems a survey and evaluation of existing power systems technologies was conducted. One of the most viable options identified was the use of a Stirling engine. As part of the military specification was the use of a liquid hydrocarbon fuel it was necessary to explore ways in which the necessary oxidant could be provided, using a commercial product, if possible. In the latter case the use of oxygen candles was identified as a viable option. Thus, a Stirling engine system was designed and a breadboard unit constructed and experimental studies of a COTS oxygen candle were conducted. It was determined that such a combination of oxygen source and energy convertor was worthy of further investigation.

Twenty-nine cases of pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVS) of the knee in 27 patients were reviewed to determine characteristic roentgenographic findings. All cases met strict histologic criteria for diagnosis. Four cases were localized PVS (LPVS), and 25 cases were diffuse PVS (DPVS). Roentgenographic findings were largely in the soft tissues. Cystic invasion of bone or degenerative changes were rare, although present in some cases. When present in DPVS, these changes were most pronounced in the patellofemoral articular surface. In the cases of DPVS, large posterior tumefactions did not correlate with extraarticular extension. Clinical behavior of PVS was governed more by anatomic site and form of disease than by the severity of histologic or roentgenographic findings.