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Strength training (ST; high intensity/low volume/long rest) has been used in several populations, including children, young adults, and older adults. However, there is no information about circuit weight training (CWT; low intensity/high volume/short rest) in apparently healthy postmenopausal women. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of high-intensity ST and circuit training on isometric strength (IS), upper limb dynamic strength (ULS) and lower limb dynamic strength (LLS), muscle activation of quadriceps ([EMG.sub.quad]), maximal oxygen uptake ([Vo.sub.2]max), time to exhaustion (TE), and bone mineral density (BMD). Twenty-eight postmenopausal women were divided into 3 groups: 1) ST group (STG, n = 9, 45-80% 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 2-4 sets, 20-6 reps), 2) circuit training group (CTG, n = 10, 45-60% 1RM, 2-3 sets, 20-10 reps), and 3) a control group (CON, n = 9, no exercise). Significance level was defined as p [less than or equal to] 0.05 for all analyses. After 24 weeks of training, increases were observed in STG and CTG. However, whereas in the STG, the IS (32.7%), ULS (28.7%), LLS (39.4%), [EMG.sub.quad] (50.7%), [Vo.sub.2]max (22%), and TE (19.3%) increased, CTG showed changes only in IS (17.7%), ULS (26.4%), LLS (42.2%), [Vo.sub.2]max (18.6%), and TE (16.8%). BMD did not change in any experimental group. In the CON, there were no changes in the variables analyzed. Our results suggest that ST and circuit training positively affect postmenopausal women's muscular strength, muscular activation, and cardiorespiratory fitness, with no changes in BMD. KEY WORDS resistance exercise, electromyography, [Vo.sub.2]max, bone mineral density, postmenopausal women

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of the method and duration of storage for different types of teeth prior in their use in dentin bonding tests with three adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: Recently extracted sound human molars, bovine incisors, arid human canes-free molars obtained from exhumed bones 5 years postmortem were used. The latter group of teeth was kepi dry for 6 months, and then rehydrated in distilled water over a period of 30 days The adhesive systems used were Prime&Bond 2.1. Single Bond, and Etch″ 3.0. Human teeth were embedded longitudinally in PVC cylinders: bovine incisors were embedded leaving the buccal surface exposed. Flat dentin surfaces were cut with a diamond disk and ground w 0.05). Tensile bond strength averages ranged from 116 to 14 2 MPa, The dental substrates showed similar performances, regardless of the adhesives tested. Conclusion: The differences among the three dentin substrates do no appear to be critical for the tensile bond strength test for the three adhesive systems. The adhesive systems presented similar bond strengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bloom of Trichodesmium erythraeum with average densities of 3.5 x 106 trichomes L-1 was recorded in February 2014, in an extensive range of beaches on the northern coast of Bahia, Brazil. High water temperatures and rainfall, associated with wind frequency and intensity may have triggered the bloom, which lead to a strong odor and change in the color of the water, it obliged the authorities to shut down the affected beaches. These blooms negatively affected tourism and fishing, the main economic activities in the region, highlighting the importance of monitoring these events in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to compare maximal and submaximal cardiorespiratory responses between progressive tests on a treadmill on land (TRE), and stationary running on land (SRL) and in water (SRW), while also comparing two methods of determining the second turn point (ST) (ventilatory curve and heart rate deflection point). The study sample consisted of nine active women (23 ± 1.94 years) that performed three maximal protocols in separate days. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured in all sessions. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and two-way repeated measures ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni test. Greater values of maximal HR (HRmax) and HR at ST (HRST) were observed during exercise performed on TRE and during the SRL, compared to the SRW (p < 0.05). The results for maximal VO2 (VO2max) and VO2 at ST (VO2ST) showed greater and significant values on TRE compared to STL and STW (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the HR and VO2 corresponding to the ST showed similar values between the two methods. Thus, the main conclusion of the present study was that the HR deflection point seems to be a simple and practical alternative method for determining the ST in all protocols analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The suitability and viability of acute in situ bioassays were investigated in the biomonitoring program of an acidic lake contaminated with sulphur residues. Responses of organisms observed in laboratory and in situ bioassays were also assessed to determine whether or not they were similar and comparable, regarding accuracy and precision. Newborn Poecilia reticulata were employed as test organisms and exposed to the same water samples under in situ and laboratory conditions. Mortality/immobility was the endpoint assessed and dead/immobile organisms were counted at various time intervals during exposure. The mean calculated LT50 values and 95% confidence intervals were 1.61 (1.36–1.87) h in the laboratory bioassays and 0.72 (0.55–0.89) h in the in situ bioassays. Statistical comparison of these values revealed a significant difference (p <0.05). In situ bioassays were more accurate than those carried out in the laboratory, demonstrating higher sensitivity and better reproduction of what occurs in nature, while laboratory bioassays were more precise. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The treatment efficiency, as toxicity removal, of complex effluents from the Industrial District of Camaçari (BA, Brazil), after biological treatment with activated sludge was evaluated using Microtox®. Samples of the equalised effluent (EE) were collected prior to treatment together with samples of the treated effluent (TE), which remained 24h in the treatment plant. Rehydrated colonies of Vibrio fischeri were exposed to sequential dilutions of EE and TE to assess luminosity interference. Values for EC50 were calculated, together with the respective toxicity units. In all, twenty assays of each effluent type were carried out and the mean toxicity removal was 92.71%, while the chemical oxygen demand (COD) presented mean reduction of 83.04%. There was a variability of an order of magnitude between the Microtox® results for the two types of effluents. The mean EC50 values were 2.12 for EE and 47.78% for TE. In spite of its weakness in some conditions, the Microtox® system demonstrated to work adequately in assessing effluent toxicity removal in this treatment plant and therefore can be used for further toxicity removal programs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Host condition is key in understanding disease dynamics. In an urban population of Rattus norvegicus, we aimed to assess whether infection of Leptospira interrogans and helminths was associated with patterns of host hematological and hormone-biochemical stress-related conditions. Rat kidney imprints and urine were used to identify and quantify L. interrogans, and feces samples for helminth eggs and corticosterone metabolites. Blood samples were taken for complete blood counts and specific biochemicals in rats' sera. Principal Component Analyses were performed to check whether rats would be grouped according to health profiles. We obtained hematological and hormone-biochemical data from 95 and 61 rats, respectively. Hematological PCA revealed distinct rat groups: typical (T), eosinophil deficient (Eos-D), eosinophil- and monocyte- deficient (EM-D) and monocyte deficient with high immature neutrophils (Mon-D). No association between L. interrogans or helminths and rat health profiles was observed, except with Trichiuridae, which mean intensity was significantly higher when all deficient groups were pooled together compared to the T-group. The poorest condition group was found in areas with fewer rat burrows than the T-group, indicating EM-D had a reduced ability to occupy "good" quality habitats. In natural populations, hematological profiles may reflect host's overall condition, instead of responses to specific infections.

This study evaluated the biological behavior of the coffee compounds Trigonelline (T), chlorogenic acid (C), and nicotinic acid (N), correlating with their release from a resin matrix. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans UA159, and cytotoxicity was assessed by methyl tetrazolium salt on OD-21 cells. Resin matrices (bisphenol A-glycidyl-dimethacrylate/triethylene glycol-dimethacrylate 70/30 wt%, camphorquinone/ethyl 4-dimethyl aminobenzoate 0.5/1 wt%) were doped with coffee compounds in different concentrations (10/20/30/40/50 wt%), performing 15 groups (T10-T50, C10-C50, N10-N50), and a control group with no coffee compound. Degree of conversion (DC%) was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Antimicrobial properties were evaluated by bioluminescence (Luciferase assay). The release from loaded matrices was analyzed over time (24 hr, 6, 14, 21 and 28 days), using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey's test (α = 0.05). MIC for T and C was 6 mg/ml, and 4 mg/ml for N. None of them were cytotoxic. Only T50 and C50 showed lower DC% than control (α < 0.05). Some groups (T30/T40/T50/C40/C50/N50) were strongly antimicrobial, reducing bacterial activity approximately five times compared to control (α < 0.05). For T30, T40, T50, C40, and C50, the HPLC showed a release above or closer to MIC values mainly in 24 hr, but for N50, up to 28 days. In conclusion, the coffee compounds presented antimicrobial activity, depending on their concentration when added in resin matrices, being found a correlation with their release., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Urban slums provide suitable conditions for infestation by rats, which harbour and shed a wide diversity of zoonotic pathogens including helminths. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with the probability and intensity of infection of helminths of the digestive tract in an urban slum population of Rattus norvegicus. Among 299 rats, eleven species/groups of helminths were identified, of which Strongyloides sp., Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and, the human pathogen, Angiostrongylus cantonensis were the most frequent (97, 41 and 39%, respectively). Sex interactions highlighted behavioural differences between males and females, as eg males were more likely to be infected with N. brasiliensis where rat signs were present, and males presented more intense infections of Strongyloides sp. Moreover, rats in poor body condition had higher intensities of N. brasiliensis. We describe a high global richness of parasites in R. norvegicus, including five species known to cause disease in humans. Among these, A. cantonensis was found in high prevalence and it was ubiquitous in the study area - knowledge which is of public health importance. A variety of environmental, demographic and body condition variables were associated with helminth species infection of rats, suggesting a comparable variety of risk factors for humans.