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Background: The Transmissible Venereal Tumour (TVT) is a round cell neoplasm that affects dogs. Its localisation is predominantly venereal; however, it can be found in extragenital regions, such as skin, nostrils, mouth and eyes. This paper describes a case of nasal TVT in a geriatric dog, performing its clinical, laboratory, therapeutic and prognostic analysis. Case: A 13-year-old male dog, mixed breed, non-castrated, domiciled, weighing 19,200 kg, was attended at the Small Animal Medical Clinic (CMPA) of the University Veterinary Hospital (HVU) of the Multidisciplinary Centre of the Barra Campus, Federal University of Western Bahia (UFOB), presenting cachexia, reactive lymph nodes except the popliteal ones, dehydration, dyspnoea, arrhythmia, frequent sneezing with serous and yellowish nasal discharge, cough, difficulty in breathing, increased volume in the face (left nasal plane), enlarged volume above the right eye with a suppurative wound just below. The animal's haemogram revealed the presence of normocytic normochromic anaemia, neutrophilic leukocytosis with left regenerative shift and hyperproteinaemia. The serum biochemical tests for renal function (urea and creatinine) and hepatic function (ALT, AST and AF) showed normal levels. The cytological evaluation showed a monomorphic population of large cells with a round nucleus, condensed chromatin and 1 to 2 prominent nucleoli, abundant and slightly basophilic cytoplasm, with multiple punctuated vacuoles, showing discrete anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and mitotic figures, confirming a case of TVT. In addition, the presence of neutrophils was evidenced, indicating an inflammatory process. Simultaneously, an X-ray of the skull was requested, which was not returned. A chemotherapy protocol was instituted using vincristine sulphate [0.025 mg/kg IV], for 5 sessions with an interval of 1 week between each session, clinical and laboratory monitoring of the regression of neoplastic cells, demonstrating total efficacy. It is worth noting that after the 2nd application of the pharmaceutical, the animal presented adverse reactions, with clinical symptoms of emesis, decreased appetite and weight loss; so, the animal was then subjected to fluid therapy, treatment with immunostimulants, appetite stimulants and antiemetics, which influenced its clinical improvement. Discussion: The importance of complementary diagnostic tests in the routine of veterinary clinics and hospitals is noticeable, aimed at establishing the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of diseases. In the present report, diverging from the majority of cases described in the literature, the animal showed signs of neoplasia at 13 years of age, in a context of reduced sexual activity. It is believed that the fact that he has free access to the street and has olfactory habits inherent to the canine species in terms of contact with the genital region of other animals, left him exposed to factors that determined the transmissibility of the neoplasm. Weekly clinical follow-up as well as laboratory tests, was essential to ascertain the effectiveness of the treatment, the presence of adverse reactions and the introduction of new drugs. The normocytic normochromic anaemia possibly occurred in response to the nodular and haemorrhagic characteristics of the tumour tissue. The leukocytosis due to neutrophilia and hyperproteinaemia would be related to the occurrence of an acute infectious process, probably bacterial. It is concluded that although geriatric patients present immunosuppression more easily than other age groups, in cases of TVT, the therapeutic approach with vincristine sulphate, and the clinical and laboratory follow-up adopted influence the good prognosis concerning neoplastic regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The production of beta-lactamase enzymes, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), adenosine-monophosphate-cyclic (AmpC), and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), is one of the most important mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. Gram-negative bacteria show significant resistance due to various intrinsic and acquired factors. These intrinsic factors include low permeability of the outer membrane, various efflux systems, and the production of beta-lactamases, while acquired factors include chromosomal mutation and acquisition of resistance genes by horizontal transfer. Mobile elements such as plasmids, integrative conjugative elements, mobilizable islands, or transposable elements are involved in horizontal transfer. At present, the Gram-negative pathogens of most concern are Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and those belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family (e.g., Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis). This study aimed to evaluate the profile of antimicrobial resistance and the production of the enzymes ESBL, AmpC, and KPC, in 21 gram-negative bacteria isolated from domestic animals treated at the University Veterinary Hospital (HVU) of the Federal University of Western Bahia (UFOB). Materials and Methods: The biological samples (21) were inoculated to brain heart infusion broth, blood agar, and MacConkey agar and incubated for 24-72 h at 37°C. Gram staining and identification through biochemical tests and matrixassociated laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were conducted. To evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile, the disk diffusion method was used, and 25 antibiotics were employed. For the detection of ESBL, the disk approximation method was applied using chromogenic agar. The presence of KPC was observed using chromogenic agar and the Hodge test. For AmpC evaluation, the disk approximation method was used. Results: The most isolated agent was E. coli (66.66%, 14/21), followed by K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis (both 14.29%, 3/21), and then Pasteurella spp. (4.76%, 1/21). The bacterial isolates showed high levels of resistance against clindamycin, penicillin, imipenem, polymyxin, cefoxitin, gentamycin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cephalothin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. The best effectiveness rates were observed for cefepime, streptomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, aztreonam, nalidixic acid, tobramycin, levofloxacin, amikacin, and meropenem. All biological isolates showed multiple resistance to at least three of the antibiotics tested (3/25), and some showed resistance to 24 of the antibiotics tested (24/25). Among the 21 pathogens analyzed, 8 were ESBL producers (38.09%); of these, 6 were identified as E. coli (28.57%), and 2 were identified as K. pneumoniae (9.52%). Two strains of K. pneumoniae produced both ESBL and KPC. None of the isolates were producers of AmpC. Conclusion: The results found in the present work raise concern about the level of antimicrobial resistance among pathogens isolated from domestic animals in Brazil. The results highlight the need for the development and implementation of antiresistance strategies to avoid the dissemination of multiresistant pathogens, including the prudent use of antimicrobials and the implementation of bacterial culture, antimicrobial sensitivity, and phenotypic tests for the detection of beta-lactamase enzymes in bacteria isolated from animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]