Search

Currently, recreation has become an increasingly important need for urban residents who lead fast and busy lives. Daily recreational activities and spaces enable citizens living in the dynamics of urban life to regain their physical and psychological health with short-term opportunities. In this context, the research questions of the study are: (a) defining the urban dweller's perspectives on the concept of recreation in today's world, (b) investigation whether the dominant recreational preference of the urban population has evolved from nature-based activities to the theme of shopping in the new world order, and (c) the behavioral tendencies of the urban population toward nature-based and shopping-based spaces. The main material of the study is the city of İzmir, and as a method, a face-to-face survey was conducted with 278 people living in the central district of İzmir. As a result of the study, it has been determined that the users prefer the spaces in the metropolitan areas for daily recreation activities. Also, they prefer spaces where they can perform nature-based activities, despite all the consumption-based opportunities in today's conditions. In line with the data obtained from the study, the daily space usage profile of the city of İzmir and its immediate surroundings was revealed, and applicable and sustainable suggestions were developed for improving daily recreation spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface downward longwave radiation (SDLR) is crucial for maintaining the global radiative budget balance. Due to their ease of practicality, SDLR parameterization models are widely used, making their objective evaluation essential. In this study, against comprehensive ground measurements collected from more than 300 globally distributed sites, four SDLR parameterization models, including three popular existing ones and a newly proposed model, were evaluated under clear- and cloudy-sky conditions at hourly (daytime and nighttime) and daily scales, respectively. The validation results indicated that the new model, namely the Peng model, originally proposed for SDLR estimation at the sea surface and applied for the first time to the land surface, outperformed all three existing models in nearly all cases, especially under cloudy-sky conditions. Moreover, the Peng model demonstrated robustness across various land cover types, elevation zones, and seasons. All four SDLR models outperformed the Global Land Surface Satellite product from Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer Data (GLASS-AVHRR), ERA5, and CERES_SYN1de-g_Ed4A products. The Peng model achieved the highest accuracy, with validated RMSE values of 13.552 and 14.055 W/m2 and biases of −0.25 and −0.025 W/m2 under clear- and cloudy-sky conditions at daily scale, respectively. Its superior performance can be attributed to the inclusion of two cloud parameters, total column cloud liquid water and ice water, besides the cloud fraction. However, the optimal combination of these three parameters may vary depending on specific cases. In addition, all SDLR models require improvements for wetlands, bare soil, ice-covered surfaces, and high-elevation regions. Overall, the Peng model demonstrates significant potential for widespread use in SDLR estimation for both land and sea surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global databases provide complete source of required precipitation information for users. The aim of this study is to investigate the accuracy of the TRMM, NCEP and MERRA global precipitation databases in estimating the daily and monthly precipitation in the Balkhaluchai catchment area of Ardabil province. Precipitation data of Nir station the three mentioned databases were extracted from 2002 to 2018. Mann-Kendall, Mann-Whitney and standard normal tests were used to check the trend and homogeneity of precipitation data. For three global precipitation databases, amount of R², RMSE, NSE, RE and GMER were determined. The results of homogeneity test showed that all P-values were higher than 0.05 and the precipitation data were completely stochastic and homogeneous and no trends were observed in them. In both TRMM and NCEP databases, the R² coefficient is good and is above 0.6. The MERRA database has had a weaker performance in this case. For the monthly period and the two TRMM and NCEP databases, the NSE index was higher than 0.5, which indicates the reliability of the precipitation data produced in these two stations. At the daily and monthly level, for all three global databases the GMER parameter values were obtained smaller than unity, which indicates that all global databases have overestimates. The overestimation of precipitation for the MERRA global database is much more severe than other two databases. MERRA database has a much weaker performance than NCEP and TRMM databases. In general, the TRMM database has a better efficiency than other databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Everyday technology (ET) has been defined as the broad set of devices and artefacts that are currently present in people's lives both inside and outside of the home. A subgroup within ET is known as everyday information and communication technologies (EICTs). The main characteristic of these technologies is that they can facilitate or disrupt the engagement of individuals in their daily activities. This scoping review aims to identify what is known about how ET can function as facilitators or barriers to occupations, such as the social participation of older adults. The proposed scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines and checklist. The scoping review was conducted across five online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE and PsycoINFO [EBSCO]) to identify published, peer-reviewed records. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers against the inclusion criteria. This review considered studies concerning the use of ET or EICTs in community-dwelling adults aged over 60 years, with or without cognitive impairment or dementia. All of the articles were in English, and reviews were not included. Eleven papers were selected and showed that despite the increasing demand for technologies of daily life and the digitalization of society and processes, according to our research, few studies addressed the limitations in the social participation of older adults. In conclusion, ET can provide a way to promote and maintain the personal autonomy for older adults in community dwellings. However, cognitive impairment hinders the use of electronic technologies and increases perceived problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to address the relationship of the Pataxó from the Boca da Mata village (TI Barra Velha do Monte Pascoal, southern Bahia) with a group of plants called native bushes in the context of their body care practices. The argumentthat guides me is that these vegetables, which the Pataxó women transform into bush medicines and circulate through organic knowledge about the plant biodiversity that abounds in the territory, constitute fundamental elements in their manufacturing and conservation procedures human life, as well as in the ways of curing the various illnesses and diseases that can afflict a person. However, it is precisely because these vegetables and the medicines produced with them in the daily life of the village are notsomething “harmless” and devoid of agency, that their use requires a strong economy of attention both on the part of those who prepare them and those who use them. They use, depending on the dosage, the faith and trust so dear to Pataxó sociability.

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Precise and high-resolution carbon dioxide (CO2) emission data is of great importance in achieving carbon neutrality around the world. Here we present for the first time the near-real-time Global Gridded Daily CO2 Emissions Dataset (GRACED) from fossil fuel and cement production with a global spatial resolution of 0.1° by 0.1° and a temporal resolution of 1 day. Gridded fossil emissions are computed for different sectors based on the daily national CO2 emissions from near-real-time dataset (Carbon Monitor), the spatial patterns of point source emission dataset Global Energy Infrastructure Emissions Database (GID), Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), and spatiotemporal patters of satellite nitrogen dioxide (NO2) retrievals. Our study on the global CO2 emissions responds to the growing and urgent need for high-quality, fine-grained, near-real-time CO2 emissions estimates to support global emissions monitoring across various spatial scales. We show the spatial patterns of emission changes for power, industry, residential consumption, ground transportation, domestic and international aviation, and international shipping sectors from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020. This gives thorough insights into the relative contributions from each sector. Furthermore, it provides the most up-to-date and fine-grained overview of where and when fossil CO2 emissions have decreased and rebounded in response to emergencies (e.g., coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) and other disturbances of human activities of any previously published dataset. As the world recovers from the pandemic and decarbonizes its energy systems, regular updates of this dataset will enable policymakers to more closely monitor the effectiveness of climate and energy policies and quickly adapt.

The escalating levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions represent the primary driver of global warming, and addressing them is of paramount importance. Timely and accurate prediction, as well as effective control of CO2 emissions, are pivotal for guiding mitigation measures. This paper aims to select the best prediction model for near-real-time daily CO2 emissions in China. The prediction models are based on univariate daily time-series data spanning January 1st, 2020, to September 30st, 2022. Six models are proposed, including three statistical models: grey prediction (GM(1,1)), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous factors (SARIMAX), and three machine learning models: artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), and long short-term memory (LSTM). The performance of these six models is evaluated using five criteria: mean squared error (MSE), root-mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2). Our findings reveal that the three machine learning models consistently outperform the three statistical models across all five criteria. Among them, the LSTM model demonstrates exceptional performance for daily CO2 emission prediction, boasting an impressively low MSE value of 3.5179e−04, an RMSE value of 0.0187, an MAE value of 0.0140, an MAPE value of 14.8291%, and a high R2 value of 0.9844. This underscores the robustness of the LSTM model in capturing and predicting complex emission patterns, positioning it as the most suitable option for near-real-time daily CO2 emission prediction based on the provided daily time series data. Moreover, our study's results provide valuable insights into emissions forecasting, enabling data-driven decision-making for policymakers and stakeholders. The accurate and timely predictions offered by the LSTM model can aid in the formulation of effective strategies to mitigate carbon emissions, contributing to a more sustainable future. Furthermore, the findings of this study can enhance our understanding of the dynamics of CO2 emissions, leading to more informed environmental policies and actions aimed at reducing carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High accuracy and a high spatiotemporal resolution of precipitation are essential for the hydrological, ecological, and environmental fields. However, the existing daily gridded precipitation datasets, such as remote sensing products, are limited both by the coarse resolution and the low accuracy. Despite considerable efforts having been invested in downscaling or merging, a method of coupled and simultaneously downscaling and merging multiple datasets is currently lacking, which limits the wide application of individual popular satellite precipitation products. For the first time, in this study, we propose a simple coupled merging and downscaling (CMD) method for simultaneously obtaining multiple high-resolution and high-accuracy daily precipitation datasets. A pixel-repeated decomposition method was first proposed, and the random forest (RF) method was then applied to merge multiple daily precipitation datasets. The individual downscaled dataset was obtained by multiplying the result of merging by an explanatory rate obtained by RF. The results showed that the CMD method exhibited significantly better performance compared with the original datasets, with the mean absolute error (MAE) improving by up to 50%, the majority of the values of bias ranging between −1 mm and 1 mm, and the majority of the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) values being greater than 0.7. CMD was more accurate than the widely used dataset, Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP), with a 43% reduction in the MAE and a 245% improvement in the KGE. In addition, the long-term estimation suggested that the proposed method exhibits stable good performance over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Guidelines to treat iron deficiency recommend daily provision of oral iron, but this may decrease fractional iron absorption and increase side effects. Our objective was to compare consecutive-day versus alternate-day iron supplementation. Methods: In a double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, young Swiss women (n = 150; serum ferritin ≤30 μg/L) were assigned to: daily 100 mg iron for 90 d, followed by daily placebo for another 90 d (consecutive-day group) or the same daily dose of iron and placebo on alternate days for 180 d (alternate-day group). The study period was 24/11/2021–10/8/2022. Co-primary outcomes, at equal total iron doses, were serum ferritin and gastrointestinal side effects; secondary outcomes were iron deficiency and serum hepcidin. Compliance and side effects were recorded daily using a mobile application. Data were analysed using mixed models and longitudinal prevalence ratios (LPR). The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05105438). Findings: 75 women were assigned to each group and included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Capsule adherence and side effect reporting was >97% in both groups. At equal total iron doses, comparing consecutive-day and alternate-day groups, median serum ferritin was 43.8 μg/L (31.7–58.2) versus 44.8 μg/L (33.8–53.6) (P = 0.98), the LPR for gastrointestinal side effects on days of iron intake was 1.56 (95% CI: 1.38, 1.77; P

• Brief daily imaginal exposure only can be an effective treatment for PTSD. • Distress during imaginal exposure decreased linearly and predicted better outcome. • Mechanism of action may mirror extinction processes seen in full prolonged exposure. • Clinically, daily sessions may build on one another and facilitate gains. • Viable option for settings where brief PTSD treatment is needed. Preliminary evidence shows that brief, condensed imaginal exposure only interventions can be effective in the treatment of PTSD, but we need to understand its mechanisms of action. Consistent with extinction learning and retrieval processes, the present study examined whether a pattern of between-session distress reduction observed during standard prolonged exposure (PE) therapy would be observed and predict outcome. Sixty-three patients with PTSD were enrolled in two clinical trials using our treatment protocol consisting of six daily 50-min sessions focusing on imaginal exposure and processing only. Individual patient trajectories of distress reduction were examined over the course of the five imaginal exposure sessions (Sessions 2-6). Overall, significant linear distress reduction was observed for anticipatory (d = 1.18), peak (d = 1.83), and ending imaginal exposure distress (d = 1.21). Consistent with extinction learning, the steeper slope of peak distress (d = 1.03) and end distress (d = 0.68) across imaginal exposure sessions strongly predicted decreases in PTSD symptoms. Distress reduction across sessions was predicted by higher baseline avoidance and hyperarousal but not reexperiencing symptoms. This condensed format of daily 50-min sessions without in vivo exposure may be operating via similar extinction learning processes as longer protocols. Our clinical observations suggest that the brief daily format may offer the advantage of allowing each session to build on the previous one to promote meaningful shifts in the retrieval of the trauma memory. Brief imaginal exposure and processing may be a viable option for PTSD patients in settings where brief interventions are needed. Understanding potential change processes and baseline predictors of change brings us closer toward precision medicine in treating PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marianna Potocka née Kątska (1722-1768), starostess of Lviv, is an extraordinary figure. She is considered a precursor of the Polish Enlightenment, a bibliophile, and an art patroness. She inherited a huge fortune of the Kątski, Denhoff, and Szczuka families, which became the foundation of the Potocki family’s later economic power. Together with her husband, Eu-stachy Potocki (1720-1768), she was engaged in large-scale business and patronage activities. Still, little is known about daily life at the Potocki’s manor. Therefore, the article focuses on presenting her activities, especially in the areas of managing her extensive estates, raising and educating her children, and charitable activities. These factors created her everyday life.

The author describes an ethnic Chukchi village of Meynypilgyno, located on the border of the Chukchi and Kamchatka Peninsulas. In recent decades, the ethno-linguistic picture of this village has significantly deteriorated: there are no speakers of the Kerek language left. According to the 2010 census, there was one person in Meynypilgyno who considered himself a Kerek. Over 90% of the villagers are Chukchi. The Chukchi language remains the language of communication for the older generation. The newcomers tend not to settle in this remote area. So far, the inhabitants have preserved some elements of traditional nomadic reindeer breeding and sedentary coastal cultures: they hold annual holidays, such as Kilway, the day of reindeer birth, and Vylgyk'oranmat, the day of fine-wool reindeer slaughter, continue to perform some rites and rituals, such as the burning of the dead, as well as go fishing and hunting for small pinnipeds. The work provides a description of the phenomena occurring in the life of the village: its rapid renovation of the infrastructure, including the construction of a new school, new houses and a modern floating fish processing plant; its changes in everyday life; the formation of new lifestyles, including the “revival” of marine mammal hunting and the creation of deer farming; and, finally, its adaptation to the market conditions, including an attempt to create private farms as well as develop trade and services.

Purpose: Adaptive radiation therapy (ART) on the integrated Elekta Unity magnetic resonance (MR)‐linac requires routine quality assurance to verify delivery accuracy and system data transfer. In this work, our objective was to develop and validate a novel automated end‐to‐end test suite that verifies data transfer between multiple software platforms and quantifies the performance of multiple machine subcomponents critical to the ART process. Methods: We designed and implemented a software tool to quantify the MR and megavoltage (MV) isocenter coincidence, treatment couch positioning consistency, isocenter shift accuracy for the adapted plan as well as the MLC and jaw position accuracy following the beam aperture adaptation. Our tool employs a reference treatment plan with a simulated isocenter shift generated on an MR image of a readily available phantom with MR and MV visible fiducials. Execution of the test occurs within the standard adapt‐to‐position (ATP) clinical workflow with MV images collected of the delivered treatment fields. Using descriptive statistics, we quantified uncertainty in couch positioning, isocentre shift as well as the jaw and MLC positions of the adapted fields. We also executed sensitivity measurements to evaluate the detection algorithm's performance. Results: We report the results of 301 daily testing instances. We demonstrated consistent tracking of the MR‐to‐MV alignment with respect to the established value and to detect small changes on the order of 0.2 mm following machine service events. We found couch position consistency relative to the test baseline value was within 95% CI [–0.31, 0.26 mm]. For phantom shifts that form the basis for the plan adaptation, we found agreement between MV‐image‐detected phantom shift and online image registration, within ± 1.5 mm in all directions with a 95% CI difference of [–1.29, 0.79 mm]. For beam aperture adaptation accuracy, we found differences between the planned and detected jaw positions had a mean value of 0.27 mm and 95% CI of [–0.29, 0.82 mm] and –0.17 mm and 95% CI of [–0.37, 0.05 mm] for the MLC positions. Automated fiducial detected accuracy was within 0.08 ± 0.20 mm of manual localization. Introduced jaw and MLC position errors (1–10 mm) were detected within 0.55 mm (within 1 mm for 15/256 instances for the jaws). Phantom shifts (1.3 or 5 mm in each cardinal direction) from a reference position were detected within 0.26 mm. Conclusions: We have demonstrated the accuracy and sensitivity of a daily end‐to‐end test suite capable of detecting errors in multiple machine subcomponents including system data transfer. Our test suite evaluates the entire treatment workflow and has captured system communication issues prior to patient treatment. With automated processing and the use of a standard vendor‐provided phantom, it is possible to expand to other Unity sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare mean haemoglobin and hematocrit in non-pregnant females taking daily oral iron vs. weekly iron supplements in the third trimester of pregnancy. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of haemoglobin level before taking iron therapy. Mean post-treatment haemoglobin was 13.2±0.9a/d1 in group A and 12.9±0.95 g/dl in group B (0.18), mean change of haemoglobin was 1.07±0.34 011 g/dl in group A and 0.63±0.56 g/dl in group B (0.000), mean post-treatment hematocrit was 35.857±0.87 % in group A and 32.857±0.9l % in group B (p 0.000) mean change of hematocrit was 2.942±0.59 % in group A and 1.000±0.00% in group B (p 0.000). Conclusion: Weekly iron supplementation in non-anaemic pregnant women is as effective as daily iron supplementation in terms of improvement in haemoglobin level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was carried out under the conditions of harvesting and repair of the Agricultural Base Business Unit (UEBA) "Sierra Maestra", in the New Holland L-521, L-624, L-626 rice harvesters. The objective was estimating and checking the maintainability of the rice harvesters during daily technical maintenance, every 30 hours and during the harvest period under the conditions of "Los Palacios" Agroindustrial Grain Company (EAIG). Through mathematical analysis, average daily and periodic technical maintenance time every 30 h was determined. In the investigation, what the same authors did in 2017 was validated. Among the most significant results is that: for the harvesters evaluated, the maintainability curve shows that there is between 95.8...97% probability that the daily technical maintenance is carried out in two hours; while in technical maintenance every 30 hours the probability is 74...78% in the same period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) recently revised its health guidelines for Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air pollution, reducing the annual mean NO2 level to 10 μg/m3 (5.3 ppb) and the 24-h mean to 25 μg/m3 (13.3 ppb). NO2 is a pollutant of global concern, but it is also a criteria air pollutant that varies spatiotemporally at fine resolutions due to its relatively short lifetime (~hours). Current models have limited ability to capture both temporal and spatial NO2 variation and none are available with global coverage. Land use regression (LUR) models that incorporate timevarying predictors (e.g., meteorology and satellite NO2 measures) and land use characteristics (e.g., road density, emission sources) have significant potential to address this need.Methods: We created a daily Land use regression model with 50 × 50 m2 spatial resolution using 5.7 million daily air monitor averages collected from 8,250 monitor locations.Results: In cross-validation, the model captured 47%, 59%, and 63% of daily, monthly, and annual global NO2 variation. Daily, monthly, and annual root mean square error were 6.8, 5.0, and 4.4 ppb and absolute bias were 46%, 30%, and 21%, respectively. The final model has 11 variables, including road density and built environments with fine (30 m or less) spatial resolution and meteorological and satellite data with daily temporal resolution. Major roads and satellite-based estimates of NO2 were consistently the strongest predictors of NO2 measurements in all regions.Discussion: Daily model estimates from 2005–2019 are available and can be used for global risk assessments and health studies, particularly in countries without NO2 monitoring.

The process of evangelization, through community experience, refers to Christ, who wanted to walk with a group of people, as a means of proclaiming and living the good news of the Kingdom of God. This founding methodology is prominent in the contemporary context, in addition to being constantly revisited. The Catholic Church in Brazil, from the Diretrizes Gerais da Ação Evangelizadora (DGAE) 2019-2023, revitalizes this form by proposing the Comunidades Eclesiais Missionárias (CEMs) This article reflects on this proposal, listing some prospects for the spirituality of CEMs based on the Apostolic Exhortation Gaudete et Exsultate (GE). In the Exhortation, Pope Francis aims to echo the call to holiness in the current context. Such an objective challenges the communities to find ways and deepen the meaning of living everyday holiness. The method used is bibliographical research in texts related to the theme. The article has three points. The first presents three lines of spirituality present in the CEMs, the second describes the GE Exhortation, with the Beatitudes at the center, and the third lists GE's perspectives for the spirituality of the CEMs. The relevance and timeliness of the theme is due to the need to consolidate this community journey. Among the results of the research, the understanding of the spirituality(ies) of CEMs stands out in terms of missionary communion, embodied in the different social realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicologia em Estudo is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Daily rhythms are observed in humans and almost all other organisms. Most of these observed rhythms reflect both underlying endogenous circadian rhythms and evoked responses from behaviours such as sleep/wake, eating/fasting, rest/activity, posture changes and exercise. For many research and clinical purposes, it is important to understand the contribution of the endogenous circadian component to these observed rhythms. Content: The goal of this manuscript is to provide guidance on best practices in measuring metrics of endogenous circadian rhythms in humans and promote the inclusion of circadian rhythms assessments in studies of health and disease. Circadian rhythms affect all aspects of physiology. By specifying minimal experimental conditions for studies, we aim to improve the quality, reliability and interpretability of research into circadian and daily (i.e., time‐of‐day) rhythms and facilitate the interpretation of clinical and translational findings within the context of human circadian rhythms. We describe protocols, variables and analyses commonly used for studying human daily rhythms, including how to assess the relative contributions of the endogenous circadian system and other daily patterns in behaviours or the environment. We conclude with recommendations for protocols, variables, analyses, definitions and examples of circadian terminology. Conclusion: Although circadian rhythms and daily effects on health outcomes can be challenging to distinguish in practice, this distinction may be important in many clinical settings. Identifying and targeting the appropriate underlying (patho)physiology is a medical goal. This review provides methods for identifying circadian effects to aid in the interpretation of published work and the inclusion of circadian factors in clinical research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Silicone Material is the property of Silicone Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Austral Comunicacion is the property of Austral Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study was made in 2008 and his purpose was to establish the period of time necessary to execute the main services in a chinchilla farm in order to do the standardisation of work and to establish the payment It has been determined the period of time necessary for giveing the hay, the fodder, the water, checking the animal births, spreading out the sand, etc., wich was 3 hours and 25 minutes. 3 workers participated in this daily program, so wich one of them worked for 3 hours and 8 minutes every day.

High accuracy and a high spatiotemporal resolution of precipitation are essential for the hydrological, ecological, and environmental fields. However, the existing daily gridded precipitation datasets, such as remote sensing products, are limited both by the coarse resolution and the low accuracy. Despite considerable efforts having been invested in downscaling or merging, a method of coupled and simultaneously downscaling and merging multiple datasets is currently lacking, which limits the wide application of individual popular satellite precipitation products. For the first time, in this study, we propose a simple coupled merging and downscaling (CMD) method for simultaneously obtaining multiple high-resolution and high-accuracy daily precipitation datasets. A pixel-repeated decomposition method was first proposed, and the random forest (RF) method was then applied to merge multiple daily precipitation datasets. The individual downscaled dataset was obtained by multiplying the result of merging by an explanatory rate obtained by RF. The results showed that the CMD method exhibited significantly better performance compared with the original datasets, with the mean absolute error (MAE) improving by up to 50%, the majority of the values of bias ranging between −1 mm and 1 mm, and the majority of the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) values being greater than 0.7. CMD was more accurate than the widely used dataset, Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP), with a 43% reduction in the MAE and a 245% improvement in the KGE. In addition, the long-term estimation suggested that the proposed method exhibits stable good performance over time.

The reliable knowledge of seasonal snow volume and its trend is very important to understand Earth’s climate system. Thus, a long-time snow water equivalent (SWE) dataset is necessary. This work presents a daily SWE product of 1980–2020 with a linear unmixing method through passive microwave data including SMMR, SSM/I and SSMIS over China after cross-calibration and bias-correction. The unbiased root-mean-square error of snow depth is about 5–7 cm, corresponding to 10–15 mm for SWE, when compared with stations measurements and field snow course data. The spatial patterns and trends of SWE over China present significant regional differences. The overall slope trend presented an insignificant decreasing pattern during 1980–2020 over China; however, there is an obvious fluctuation, i.e. a significant decrease trend during the period 1980–1990, an upward trend from 2005 to 2009, a significant downward trend from 2009 to 2018. The increase of SWE occurred in the Northeast Plain, with an increase trend of 0.2 mm per year. Whereas in the Hengduan Mountains, it presented a downward trend of SWE, up to −0.3 mm per year. In the North Xinjiang, SWE has an increasing trend in the Junggar Basin, while it shows a decreasing trend in the Tianshan and Altai Mountains.

Context: Hypothyroid patients require to take levothyroxine (L-T4) on an empty stomach, 60 min before next meal which is difficult to achieve while fasting Ramadan, on a daily basis. This pilot study aimed to assess the effect of twice or thrice weekly versus standard daily L-T4 dosing during Ramadan on adherence, post-Ramadan TSH, and thyroid status. Methods and Materials: The study included 2 groups; group 1 included 11 patients assigned to take L-T4 twice or thrice a week, and group 2 included 113 patients assigned to take L-T4 daily. Patients chose between three L-T4 regimens: regimen 1 – 60 min before Iftar; regimen 2 – 60 min before Suhor, on empty stomach for 3–4 h; regimen 3 – before the next fast, on empty stomach for 3–4 h. Thyroid status was assessed before and within 6 weeks after Ramadan. Only euthyroid patients were included. Results: No significant differences between the two groups regarding adherence, post-Ramadan TSH, or post-Ramadan thyroid status. 90.9% in group 1 and 88.5% in group 2 were adherent [p = 1.000]. Post-Ramadan TSH in group 1 was 1.9 ± 1.5 mIU/L, in group 2 was 2 ± 1.6 mIU/L [p = 0.809]. 81.8% in group 1 and 82.3% in group 2 were euthyroid post-Ramadan [p = 0.209]. Conclusions: In this pilot study, taking L-T4 twice or thrice weekly during Ramadan achieved similar adherence and metabolic control to standard daily L-T4, making it an easier option for hypothyroid patients wishing to fast Ramadan.

Abstract Background Daily rhythms are observed in humans and almost all other organisms. Most of these observed rhythms reflect both underlying endogenous circadian rhythms and evoked responses from behaviours such as sleep/wake, eating/fasting, rest/activity, posture changes and exercise. For many research and clinical purposes, it is important to understand the contribution of the endogenous circadian component to these observed rhythms. Content The goal of this manuscript is to provide guidance on best practices in measuring metrics of endogenous circadian rhythms in humans and promote the inclusion of circadian rhythms assessments in studies of health and disease. Circadian rhythms affect all aspects of physiology. By specifying minimal experimental conditions for studies, we aim to improve the quality, reliability and interpretability of research into circadian and daily (i.e., time‐of‐day) rhythms and facilitate the interpretation of clinical and translational findings within the context of human circadian rhythms. We describe protocols, variables and analyses commonly used for studying human daily rhythms, including how to assess the relative contributions of the endogenous circadian system and other daily patterns in behaviours or the environment. We conclude with recommendations for protocols, variables, analyses, definitions and examples of circadian terminology. Conclusion Although circadian rhythms and daily effects on health outcomes can be challenging to distinguish in practice, this distinction may be important in many clinical settings. Identifying and targeting the appropriate underlying (patho)physiology is a medical goal. This review provides methods for identifying circadian effects to aid in the interpretation of published work and the inclusion of circadian factors in clinical research and practice.

El éxito del podcast informativo diario The Daily, un formato de audio inédito nacido en un periódico tradicional y producido sobre bases narrativas y estéticas diferentes a las del relato radiofónico de actualidad, ha propiciado la aparición de réplicas en cabeceras de prensa de papel y digital en todo el mundo. Este trabajo describe la aparición y desarrollo de las diferentes variantes de los daily news podcasts en España y propone un análisis comparativo entre los tres títulos más competitivos entre sí: El Mundo al día, del diario El Mundo; Un tema Al Día, de elDiario; y Hoy en EL PAÍS, del periódico El País. A partir de un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo sobre 28 variables narrativas, expresivas y estratégicas, el estudio sistematiza los rasgos distintivos de un formato que ha renovado los cánones del relato informativo sonoro y que ha convertido el audio en nuevo y cada vez más eficiente canal de comunicación para la prensa. Los resultados revelan que este formato ‘explica’ y no solo ‘cuenta’ la actualidad; que está muy vinculado a la figura del conductor; que ayuda a comprender y valorar mejor el trabajo del periodista; y que se convierte en un valioso repositorio documental de audio digital fácilmente recuperable y reutilizable.

Background: Recent studies have found bi-directional relations between stress and sleep. However, few studies have examined the daily associations between stress and electroencephalography (EEG) measured sleep.Purpose: This study examined the temporal associations between repeated ecological momentary assessments of stress and EEG-estimated sleep.Methods: Ninety-eight international or interstate undergraduate students (Mage = 20.54 ± 1.64, 76.5% female, 84.7% Asian) reported their stress levels four times daily at morning awakening, afternoon, evening, and pre-bedtime across 15 consecutive days (>4,000 total observations). Next-day stress was coded as an average of morning, afternoon, and evening stress. Z-Machine Insight+ recorded over 1,000 nights EEG total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency (SE), slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration. Multilevel models, adjusted for covariates (i.e., sociodemographic, health factors, and daily covariates) and lagged outcomes, tested the daily within- and between-level stress-sleep associations.Results: After adjusting for covariates, within-person shorter TST (b = -0.11 [-0.21, -0.01], p = .04), lower SE (b = -0.02 [-0.03, 0.00], p = .04), less SWS (b = -0.38 [-0.66, -0.10], p = .008), and less REM sleep (b = -0.32 [-0.53, -0.10], p = .004) predicted higher next-day stress. Pre-bedtime stress did not predict same-night sleep. No significant results emerged at the between-person level.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that poor or short sleep, measured by EEG, is predictive of higher next-day stress. Results for sleep architecture support the role of SWS and REM sleep in regulating the perception of stress. Given that only within-person effects were significant, these findings highlight the importance of examining night-to-night fluctuations in sleep affecting next-day stress and its impact on daytime functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, I dialogue with some aspects of the creative act that the poet Péricles Prade presents in his book. In this conversation, as a reader, I seek in the thematic statements to scrutinize the words and the meanings that they poetize. Letting the poems of the Casa de máscaras shake the silence of the pages favored the unveiling of a new writing on a lamp of words that discreetly spy on the reader. By bringing in this essay a set of extracts from other poets and writers, such as alchemy of memories and lighthouses of guides, I challenge another imaginary that Casa de máscaras grants. The essay, as a particular interpretation, is based on an apprehended reality, therefore, the objective and the subjective become a unit, however, after its inexorable future of harmonies, it explodes in multiple referenced interpretations. A warning is made that the essay, free and full of all the construction that surrounds it, is also a place of non-place. And so is the creative act of Péricles Prade, who, in the unique texture of each word, recreates its meanings as other paths it takes to enunciate itself. It is precisely in this gap that poetry compresses words and transcends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic caught everyone unprepared as to how to act at different times. In educational processes, it was no different. Thus, we hope that the 21 articles published here will enhance inventive processes in public schools, public universities and other everyday spaces.La pandemia tomó a todos desprevenidos en cuanto a cómo actuar en los diferentes momentos. En los procesos educativos, no fue diferente. Así, esperamos que los 21 artículos aquí publicados potencien los procesos inventivos en las escuelas públicas, universidades públicas y otros espacios cotidianos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the planning and implementation of a classroom practice, with the aim of analyzing the articulation of students' reality and the learning process in mathematics. The students' reality considered refers to a municipality in which rice farming predominates and there is also a project to implement an environmental protection park. The study has a qualitative approach, and analyzes the classroom process and the data derived from it. The central theoretical contribution is based on Critical Mathematics Education, both in practice planning and in data analysis. The results indicate the importance of considering the reality of students in the classroom by allowing an attribution of meaning to the mathematical concepts covered, by allowing a reading of reality based on mathematical interpretation, and by allowing reflections on reality by articulating the background and foreground from the students.

Background: Resilience in children with early family life adversity is linked with successful adulthood psychological outcomes. However, whether resilience influences daily emotional responses to stress remains unclear. This study examined whether resilience capacity in the context of early family risks predicts better daily stress and affect outcomes during a stressful transition.Methods: International and interstate undergraduates (N = 98; aged 18-25 years) were grouped as Resilient (high family risk, high resilience), Vulnerable (high family risk, low resilience), or Control (low family risk, average anxiety and depression). Daily negative (NA) and positive affect (PA), perceived stress, and stressors were assessed 4-times daily across 14 consecutive days (4333 total surveys; 73.7% completion rate). Affect reactivity was operationalized as the NA and PA slopes on perceived stress from each survey.Results: The Resilient group did not differ from the Control group on all outcomes. The Vulnerable group reported significantly higher number of stressors, perceived stress levels, NA, and NA reactivity than the Resilient and Control groups (all p < .001); as well as significantly lower PA (p = .024) and PA reactivity (p = .003) than the Control group.Limitations: Our findings are not generalizable to other populations and cannot determine causality.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that resilience capacity is protective against the effects of early family risks on a daily basis. However, significant findings were limited to emotional distress outcomes and not supported for PA, suggesting resilience capacity may attenuate emotional distress but not positive emotions in response to stress in emerging adults with family risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients undergo interventions to achieve a 'normal' brain temperature; a parameter that remains undefined for humans. The profound sensitivity of neuronal function to temperature implies the brain should be isothermal, but observations from patients and non-human primates suggest significant spatiotemporal variation. We aimed to determine the clinical relevance of brain temperature in patients by establishing how much it varies in healthy adults. We retrospectively screened data for all patients recruited to the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) High Resolution Intensive Care Unit Sub-Study. Only patients with direct brain temperature measurements and without targeted temperature management were included. To interpret patient analyses, we prospectively recruited 40 healthy adults (20 males, 20 females, 20-40 years) for brain thermometry using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Participants were scanned in the morning, afternoon, and late evening of a single day. In patients (n = 114), brain temperature ranged from 32.6 to 42.3°C and mean brain temperature (38.5 ± 0.8°C) exceeded body temperature (37.5 ± 0.5°C, P < 0.0001). Of 100 patients eligible for brain temperature rhythm analysis, 25 displayed a daily rhythm, and the brain temperature range decreased in older patients (P = 0.018). In healthy participants, brain temperature ranged from 36.1 to 40.9°C; mean brain temperature (38.5 ± 0.4°C) exceeded oral temperature (36.0 ± 0.5°C) and was 0.36°C higher in luteal females relative to follicular females and males (P = 0.0006 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Temperature increased with age, most notably in deep brain regions (0.6°C over 20 years, P = 0.0002), and varied spatially by 2.41 ± 0.46°C with highest temperatures in the thalamus. Brain temperature varied by time of day, especially in deep regions (0.86°C, P = 0.0001), and was lowest at night. From the healthy data we built HEATWAVE-a 4D map of human brain temperature. Testing the clinical relevance of HEATWAVE in patients, we found that lack of a daily brain temperature rhythm increased the odds of death in intensive care 21-fold (P = 0.016), whilst absolute temperature maxima or minima did not predict outcome. A warmer mean brain temperature was associated with survival (P = 0.035), however, and ageing by 10 years increased the odds of death 11-fold (P = 0.0002). Human brain temperature is higher and varies more than previously assumed-by age, sex, menstrual cycle, brain region, and time of day. This has major implications for temperature monitoring and management, with daily brain temperature rhythmicity emerging as one of the strongest single predictors of survival after brain injury. We conclude that daily rhythmic brain temperature variation-not absolute brain temperature-is one way in which human brain physiology may be distinguished from pathophysiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This network meta‐analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of "on‐demand" and "daily" use of paroxetine for patients with premature ejaculation (PE). We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from inception to October 2021 to collect randomized controlled trials, and 24 articles including 2, 308 patients were finally involved. The results indicated that paroxetine (daily or on‐demand) was superior to placebo at increasing intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), and 20 mg paroxetine daily was significantly better than fluoxetine and tramadol in improving IELT. Besides, 20 mg paroxetine on‐demand was less effective than 20 mg paroxetine on‐demand plus phosphodiesterase‐5 inhibitors (PDEI5) and tramadol monotherapy in increasing IELT. Tramadol monotherapy was more effective than paroxetine monotherapy in improving sexual satisfaction score. Although patients treated with paroxetine had more coitus/week than patients treated with placebo, it was less than patients treated with PDEI5. These findings were robust to sensitivity analyses. The common adverse events related with paroxetine were fatigue, yawning and abnormal sleep (10.96%), gastrointestinal upset (10.80%). The "on‐demand" and "daily" use of paroxetine can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients with PE and were well tolerated. Combination therapy and tramadol monotherapy can also be used as alternative treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, optimal discharge conditions of sorption thermal battery (STB) are determined for stable supply of the building cooling load based on different load patterns. Parametric analysis is conducted to ascertain the influence of heat source temperature and the mass flow rate ratio between the solution and the heat transfer fluid on the performance of the STB. The maximum values of energy storage density (ESD) and coefficient of performance (COP) are estimated as 207.73 kWh/m3 and 0.74, respectively. The daily transient behaviors of STB are examined in detail, and the optimal solution charge and the solution flow rate are quantified based on the building types (residential, hospital, hotel, and office). For a building with an air conditioning floor area of 181.63 m2, the most suitable cooling load response is observed in the hotel scenario. The minimum deviated cooling output from the building load is 8.69%. Concurrently, COP and ESD are estimated of 0.69 and 101.99 kWh/m3. This paper demonstrates the cooling load responsiveness and optimal operating point of STB based on building load pattern. Additionally, a dimensionless number is defined to generate the discharge trend and enable to predict COP and ESD. Optimzed sorption thermal battery for responding the building cooling demand. [Display omitted] • Sorption thermal battery is optimized for overnight cooling supply. • Feasibility study of four types of building cooling load pattern is conducted. • 207.73 kWh/m3 of thermal energy is stored and coefficient of performance is 0.74 • Hotel scenario shows the superior feasibility by matching 91.3% of demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Examined general and specific willingness as predictors of daily-level behavior. • Specific willingness, but not general, associated with behavioral outcomes. • Targeting specific behavioral willingness may be warranted for prevention. Research indicates general willingness to drink (i.e., "How willing are you to drink tonight?") fluctuates day-to-day and is associated with daily-level drinking. However, it is unknown whether willingness to engage in specific alcohol-related behaviors is associated with actual engagement in those behaviors above and beyond general willingness to drink at the daily level. The present study examined whether daily-level willingness to engage in specific behaviors (i.e., pre-gaming, blacking out, hooking up) predicted engaging in those respective behaviors on drinking days above and beyond one's general willingness to drink. Participants included adolescents and young adults who were part of a longitudinal ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study on cognitions and alcohol use. Participants (N = 675; 43 % male) who reported drinking on weekend days (i.e., Friday and Saturday [N = 3,727 days]), were included. The study involved a 3-week EMA burst design with bursts occurring quarterly over 12 months. Multilevel logistic regressions indicated on drinking days when participants reported being more willing than their own average to pre-game (OR = 1.77, p <.001), black out (OR = 1.46, p <.05), or drink before hooking up (OR = 1.68, p <.001), they were more likely to pregame, black out, and hook up, respectively, whereas general willingness to drink was not associated with any outcomes at the daily level. Results suggest willingness to engage in specific behaviors may be essential to target in prevention programming in comparison to general willingness to drink when aiming to reduce specific risk behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Hypothyroid patients require to take levothyroxine (L-T4) on an empty stomach, 60 min before next meal which is difficult to achieve while fasting Ramadan, on a daily basis. This pilot study aimed to assess the effect of twice or thrice weekly versus standard daily L-T4 dosing during Ramadan on adherence, post-Ramadan TSH, and thyroid status. Methods and Materials: The study included 2 groups; group 1 included 11 patients assigned to take L-T4 twice or thrice a week, and group 2 included 113 patients assigned to take L-T4 daily. Patients chose between three L-T4 regimens: regimen 1 – 60 min before Iftar; regimen 2 – 60 min before Suhor, on empty stomach for 3–4 h; regimen 3 – before the next fast, on empty stomach for 3–4 h. Thyroid status was assessed before and within 6 weeks after Ramadan. Only euthyroid patients were included. Results: No significant differences between the two groups regarding adherence, post-Ramadan TSH, or post-Ramadan thyroid status. 90.9% in group 1 and 88.5% in group 2 were adherent [p = 1.000]. Post-Ramadan TSH in group 1 was 1.9 ± 1.5 mIU/L, in group 2 was 2 ± 1.6 mIU/L [p = 0.809]. 81.8% in group 1 and 82.3% in group 2 were euthyroid post-Ramadan [p = 0.209]. Conclusions: In this pilot study, taking L-T4 twice or thrice weekly during Ramadan achieved similar adherence and metabolic control to standard daily L-T4, making it an easier option for hypothyroid patients wishing to fast Ramadan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic causing global health problem. We provide estimates of the daily trend in the size of the epidemic in Wuhan based on detailed information of 10 940 confirmed cases outside Hubei province. Methods In this modelling study, we first estimate the epidemic size in Wuhan from 10 January to 5 April 2020 with a newly proposed model, based on the confirmed cases outside Hubei province that left Wuhan by 23 January 2020 retrieved from official websites of provincial and municipal health commissions. Since some confirmed cases have no information on whether they visited Wuhan before, we adjust for these missing values. We then calculate the reporting rate in Wuhan from 20 January to 5 April 2020. Finally, we estimate the date when the first infected case occurred in Wuhan. Results We estimate the number of cases that should be reported in Wuhan by 10 January 2020, as 3229 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3139–3321) and 51 273 (95% CI: 49 844–52 734) by 5 April 2020. The reporting rate has grown rapidly from 1.5% (95% CI: 1.5–1.6%) on 20 January 2020, to 39.1% (95% CI: 38.0–40.2%) on 11 February 2020, and increased to 71.4% (95% CI: 69.4–73.4%) on 13 February 2020, and reaches 97.6% (95% CI: 94.8–100.3%) on 5 April 2020. The date of first infection is estimated as 30 November 2019. Conclusions In the early stage of COVID-19 outbreak, the testing capacity of Wuhan was insufficient. Clinical diagnosis could be a good complement to the method of confirmation at that time. The reporting rate is very close to 100% now and there are very few cases since 17 March 2020, which might suggest that Wuhan is able to accommodate all patients and the epidemic has been controlled.

Daily spatial complete soil moisture (SM) mapping is important for climatic, hydrological, and agricultural applications. The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is the first constellation that utilizes the L band signal transmitted by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites to measure SM. Since the CYGNSS points are discontinuously distributed with a relativity low density, limiting it to map continuous SM distributions with high accuracy. The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product (i.e., vegetation index [VI] and land surface temperature [LST]) provides more surface SM information than other optical remote sensing data with a relatively high spatial resolution. This study proposes a point-surface fusion method to fuse the CYGNSS and MODIS data for daily spatial complete SM retrieval. First, for CYGNSS data, the surface reflectivity (SR) is proposed as a proxy to evaluate its ability to estimate daily SM. Second, the LST output from the China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS, 0.0625° × 0.0625°) and MODIS LST (1 × 1 km) are fused to generate spatial complete and temporally continuous LST maps. An Enhanced Normalized Vegetation Supply Water Index (E-NVSWI) model is proposed to estimate SM derived from MODIS data at high spatial resolution. Finally, the final SM estimation model is constructed from the back-propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN) fusing the CYGNSS point, E-NWSVI data, and ancillary data, and applied to get the daily continuous SM result over southeast China. The results show that the estimation SM are comparable and promising (R = 0.723, root mean squared error [RMSE] = 0.062 m3 m−3, and MAE = 0.040 m3 m−3 vs. in situ, R = 0.714, RMSE = 0.057 m3 m−3, and MAE = 0.039 m3 m−3 vs. CLDAS). The proposed algorithm contributes from two aspects: (1) validates the CYGNSS derived SM by taking advantage of the dense in situ networks over Southeast China; (2) provides a point-surface fusion model to combine the usage of CYGNSS and MODIS to generate the temporal and spatial complete SM. The proposed approach reveals significant potential to map daily spatial complete SM using CYGNSS and MODIS data at a regional scale.

Precise and high-resolution carbon dioxide (CO2) emission data is of great importance in achieving carbon neutrality around the world. Here we present for the first time the near-real-time Global Gridded Daily CO2 Emissions Dataset (GRACED) from fossil fuel and cement production with a global spatial resolution of 0.1° by 0.1° and a temporal resolution of 1 day. Gridded fossil emissions are computed for different sectors based on the daily national CO2 emissions from near-real-time dataset (Carbon Monitor), the spatial patterns of point source emission dataset Global Energy Infrastructure Emissions Database (GID), Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), and spatiotemporal patters of satellite nitrogen dioxide (NO2) retrievals. Our study on the global CO2 emissions responds to the growing and urgent need for high-quality, fine-grained, near-real-time CO2 emissions estimates to support global emissions monitoring across various spatial scales. We show the spatial patterns of emission changes for power, industry, residential consumption, ground transportation, domestic and international aviation, and international shipping sectors from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020. This gives thorough insights into the relative contributions from each sector. Furthermore, it provides the most up-to-date and fine-grained overview of where and when fossil CO2 emissions have decreased and rebounded in response to emergencies (e.g., coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) and other disturbances of human activities of any previously published dataset. As the world recovers from the pandemic and decarbonizes its energy systems, regular updates of this dataset will enable policymakers to more closely monitor the effectiveness of climate and energy policies and quickly adapt. Public summary: • We present the first near-real-time Global Gridded Daily CO2 Emissions Dataset (GRACED) • GRACED can be updated in near real time with a spatial resolution of 0.1° and a temporal resolution of 1 day • GRACED shows gridded emissions of seven sectors: power, industry, residential consumption, ground transport, domestic aviation, international aviation, and international shipping • Regular updates of GRACED will enable policymakers to more closely monitor the effectiveness of climate and energy policies and quickly adapt on various spatial scales

Rationale/background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are particularly prone to constipation, which has become a growing public health issue. Nutritional therapy, such as fiber intake, significantly influences the management of constipation. In Saudi Arabia, there is limited data on fiber consumption and its correlation with constipation management in HD patients., Aims: The study aimed to investigate the correlation between dietary fiber intake and its effect on the prevalence of constipation in HD patients., Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study of 77 ESRD patients on HD aged 18+ was conducted in a single dialysis center over six months. A questionnaire was employed to diagnose constipation (as defined by the Rome IV criteria of constipation), and seven-day food records were used to evaluate dietary fiber intake., Results: A study found a high prevalence of constipation (53%) among participants, with a lower daily fiber intake than recommended. However, a significant relationship was found between fiber intake and constipation (p < 0.05) with lower fiber intake in constipated patients compared to non-constipated (p = 0.001)., Conclusion: The study highlights a significant link between fiber intake and constipation in HD patients, suggesting adequate daily intake of fiber was effective in preventing constipation and that nutritional counseling should include adequate daily fiber intake in medical therapy management., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. The Ethics Committee and Institutional Review Board (IRB) of King Abdullah International Medical Center (KAIMRC) issued approval SP20/283/J. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Abdalla et al.)