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West African countries frequently experience extreme rainfall events during the monsoon season. On September 5, 2020, a significant event occurred in the Dakar region of Senegal with daily rainfall totals exceeding 90 mm, causing widespread flooding and displacing 1,000's of people. Despite the severity of this event, the physical mechanisms driving such extreme rainfall remain unexplored. This study aims to investigate the physical mechanisms associated with this event using multiple data sources, including satellite rainfall estimate products (GPM-IMERG, CHIRPS) and reanalysis data (ERA-5). By analyzing wind fields and mid-tropospheric moisture content from reanalysis data, we examined the synoptic-dynamic evolution of the atmosphere and the movement of the cyclonic vortex that transported moisture to the affected region, resulting in substantial rainfall measurements exceeding 100 mm. The analysis also revealed that a vortex over the ocean slowed down the vortex near Senegal, prolonging the rainfall over a total period of 10 h. Additionally, this study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of state-of-the-art satellite rainfall estimates, assessing their accuracy and reliability in capturing extreme rainfall events both spatially and at specific rainfall gauges situated in Dakar. This evaluation revealed that while satellite rainfall estimates are valuable, they tended to underestimate (up to 40%) the actual rainfall observed at the Dakar-Yoff station. Furthermore, extreme value analysis showed that there is a tendency to underestimate return levels for high-intensity events, with some cases showing underestimations by up to twice the actual values. Thus, this research advances our understanding of extreme rainfall events in West Africa and improves our knowledge of satellite-based rainfall estimates, contributing to future monitoring and preparedness. Furthermore, these findings highlight the importance of monitoring cyclonic systems associated with African Easterly Waves, contributing to a better understanding of extreme rainfall events in West Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of an initiative aimed at reducing maternal and child mortality, Senegal implemented a policy of free Cesarean section (C-section) since 2005. Despite the implementation, C-section rates have remained low and significant large disparities in access, particularly in major cities such as Dakar. This paper aims to assess C-section rates and examines socioeconomic inequalities in C-section use in the Dakar region between 2005 and 2019. This study incorporates data from various sources, including the health routine data within District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2) platform, government statistics on slum areas, and data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). A geospatial analysis was conducted to identify locations of Comprehensive emergency obstetric and Newborn Care (CEmONC) services using the Direction des Travaux Géographiques et Cartographiques (DTGC) databases and satellite imagery from the Google Earth platform. The analytical approach encompassed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. The C-section rate fluctuated over the years, increasing from 11.1% in 2005 to 16.4% in 2011, declined to 9.8% in 2014, and then raised to 13.3% in 2019. The wealth tertile demonstrated a positive correlation with C-sections in urban areas of the Dakar region. Geospatial analyses revealed that women residing in slum areas were less likely to undergo C-section deliveries. These findings underscore the importance of public health policies extending beyond merely providing free C-section delivery services. Strategies that improve equitable access to C-section delivery services for women across all socioeconomic strata are needed, particularly targeting the poor women and those in urban slums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In December 2023, we observed through hospital-based surveillance a severe outbreak of enterovirus D68 infection in pediatric inpatients in Dakar, Senegal. Molecular characterization revealed that subclade B3, the dominant lineage in outbreaks worldwide, was responsible for the outbreak. Enhanced surveillance in inpatient settings, including among patients with neurologic illnesses, is needed.

Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We examine the role of phenomenological environmental memories to understand environmental changes and favor conservation in Dakar, Senegal, a context of great environmental change and historical traditions of oral memory transmission, where we conducted 42 semi-structured interviews in nine neighborhoods. Our results indicate that experienced environmental memories capture past interactions with the environment, perceived as a place of life, and past representations of this environment, whereas transmitted environmental memory captures information about past environmental conditions, past uses and practices, as well as myths and storytelling. Our informants consider both these forms of memory to be under threat as social relations and environmental conditions change. Furthermore, our conceptual analysis reveals transformations in relationships with the environment. Dakar residents are ambivalent about these changes, wanting improvements in former economic, environmental, and social conditions, but resisting changes to the status quo. We argue that this ambivalence stems from economic and geographic constraints, which are nuanced by perceived interests in the environment as well as a desire to reappropriate it. Our findings are consistent with the literature, except for the role of the media in memory, which is more influential in Western contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In mid-1972, the World Bank approved its first loan for a sites and services project, selecting Senegal for the location based on the country's prior experience with similar schemes. Through a close reading of documents in the Bank archive, this article explores the serious differences that emerged between the Bank and Senegal in shaping the project, focusing on three issues: determining whether slum clearance or upgrading should be used to manage existing unregulated urban settlements; eliminating government subsidies for moderate-income housing schemes in order to shift investment to sites and services; and setting appropriate standards for the new Bank-sponsored neighbourhood. Moreover, the partners conceived the project quite differently: while the Bank was fixed on the successful implementation of its first sites and services scheme, for Senegal, this project was only one element of a larger vision for Dakar, which reflected the ambitions of the country's first postcolonial president, Léopold Senghor, and was given shape in the 1967 master plan developed by French urban planner Michel Écochard. The article examines the completed project through the contrasting evaluations produced by the project partners, and considers the complex power dynamics of the relationship between the Bank and Senegal as aid lender and recipient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is on the increase worldwide. In Africa, 40% of cases are associated with tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis (TELC). Its predominance in early childhood has a major impact on the quality of life of children and their parents, leading to absenteeism from school and work. The aim of this study was to assess the particularities of AD associated with TELC in Dakar. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study with prospective data collection over a six-month period, conducted at dermatology and ophthalmology departments in Dakar. All patients treated for atopic dermatitis with or without TELC were included in the study. Data entry and analysis were performed with SPSS 18. Results: From the study, 97 cases of atopic dermatitis were identified. Among these, 49 had AD associated with TELC. The sex ratio was 1.18 (36 boys and 13 girls). The mean age of patients was ten years. The age range between 5 and 10 years was more represented. There was atopy equivalent to allergic rhinitis in 44 cases, asthma in 16 cases, allergic conjunctivitis in 14 cases, and food allergy in 20 cases. 31 cases of AD were mild, 16 moderate, and 2 severe according to SCORAD. Patients were in stage I in 26 cases and in stage II in 13 cases according to Diallo’s TECL classification. All patients were managed by dermatologists and ophthalmologists. Aeroallergen prick tests were performed in thirty cases. Tests were positive for house dust mites in 23 cases (92%), animal dander in 11 cases (44%), molds in 7 cases (28%), and pollens in 2 cases (8%). Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and farinae were the most common aeroallergens. Patch tests were positive for potassium dichromate in 4 cases, cobalt in 4 cases, nickel in 3 cases, and lanolin in 4 cases. Conclusion: AD associated with TECL remains common in tropical environments. They share common aggravating environmental factors, notably hypersensitivity to aeroallergens and a predominance in early childhood. The major impact on functional prognosis makes therapeutic education and multidisciplinary management of patients essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background There is no source of data on causes of death in Senegal that covers both community and hospital deaths. Yet the death registration system in the Dakar region is relatively complete (>80%) and could be expanded to provide information on the diseases and injuries that led to death. Methods In this pilot study, we recorded all deaths that occurred over 2 months and were reported in the 72 civil registration offices in the Dakar region. We selected the deaths of residents of the region and administered a verbal autopsy to a relative of the deceased to identify the underlying causes of death. Causes of death were assigned using the InterVA5 model. Results The age structure of deaths registered at the civil registry differed from that of the census, with a proportion of infant deaths about twice as high as in the census. The main causes of death were prematurity and obstetric asphyxia in newborns. Meningitis and encephalitis, severe malnutrition, and acute respiratory infections were the leading causes from 1 month to 15 years of age. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for 27% of deaths in adults aged 15-64 and 45% of deaths among adults above age 65, while neoplasms accounted for 20% and 12% of deaths in these two age groups, respectively. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the epidemiological transition is at an advanced stage in urban areas of Dakar, and underlines the importance of conducting regular studies based on verbal autopsies of deaths reported in civil registration offices.

The creative city has emerged as a driving force in urban studies in both academic and urban planning realms. Increasingly, scholars are interrogating these ideas of the creative city and the creative class as to their political implications and applications to cities around the world. This paper focuses on the role of the artist in urban development through the case study of one hip-hop group from the Pikine neighborhood of Dakar. Pikine, a poor neighborhood on the outskirts of the city, is one of many neighborhoods prone to seasonal flooding. Where city government programs of flood alleviation failed to produce positive results, the hip-hop artists have succeeded to organize and work against flooding. The artists imagined a better urban future from the point of view of disadvantaged neighborhoods, and organized the community to make real, material impacts on the city

Introduction : la gangrène périphérique et symétrique (GPS) est une entité clinique rare. Le paludisme, cause de GPS, a été exceptionnellement rapporté dans nos régions. Observation : Il s’agissait d’une patiente âgée de 25 ans, reçue pour une nécrose des doigts et des orteils dans un contexte infectieux. La goutte épaisse était positive à Plasmodium falciparum. Le diagnostic de gangrène périphérique des extrémités compliquant un paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum a été retenu ; Un traitement anti palustre à base d’Artésunate en intraveineuse et une amputation des doigts et orteils, a permis d’obtenir une évolution favorable. Conclusion : l’importance de l’endémie palustre mondiale nécessite la connaissance de cette complication redoutable.

Background: There is no source of data on causes of death in Senegal that covers both community and hospital deaths. Yet the death registration system in the Dakar region is relatively complete (>80%) and could be expanded to provide information on the diseases and injuries that led to death. Methods: In this pilot study, we recorded all deaths that occurred over 2 months and were reported in the 72 civil registration offices in the Dakar region. We selected the deaths of residents of the region and administered a verbal autopsy to a relative of the deceased to identify the underlying causes of death. Causes of death were assigned using the InterVA5 model. Results: The age structure of deaths registered at the civil registry differed from that of the census, with a proportion of infant deaths about twice as high as in the census. The main causes of death were prematurity and obstetric asphyxia in newborns. Meningitis and encephalitis, severe malnutrition, and acute respiratory infections were the leading causes from 1 month to 15 years of age. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for 27% of deaths in adults aged 15-64 and 45% of deaths among adults above age 65, while neoplasms accounted for 20% and 12% of deaths in these two age groups, respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the epidemiological transition is at an advanced stage in urban areas of Dakar, and underlines the importance of conducting regular studies based on verbal autopsies of deaths reported in civil registration offices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seydina Issa Sow's comic Sidy (2019) depicts a young man from the countryside who travels to Dakar, Senegal to study law at Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD). When the eponymous character arrives, he is disappointed to find overcrowded dormitories and lecture halls. As students protest these conditions, Sidy's friend Abdou supports him and leads a fight against injustice. Although protest has been portrayed negatively in earlier comics such as Goorgoorlou and can lead to violence and harm, Sow's text suggests the generative possibilities of protest under certain conditions. In recent decades, scholars have examined UCAD students' attempts to create spaces of belonging on campus, whether through protest or other means. Sow uses French with occasional Wolof, as well as recognisable campus iconography, to differentiate the university from the rest of the city, thus distinguishing between students and other groups of young people. Shifts in the comic's panel transition strategies indicate that protest can alter students' relationships to space. This article examines the text's representation of language, iconic structures, and movement through campus and urban locations to insist that protest creates productive but limited spaces of inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degradation of air quality is a real concern in Africa, as pollution levels are consistently above commonly accepted thresholds, and yet, very little is known about individual attitudes and the extent to which improved air quality is valued in the context of rapid urbanization. This research proposes to analyze the willingness to pay for reduced air quality in African urban areas. Using survey data from 427 individuals in Dakar (Senegal) between February and May 2019, a double-bound, dichotomous contingent valuation model is developed. The results first suggest that 70% of individuals are indeed willing to pay an average of CFA Francs 3114.8 (USD 5.6) per month to contribute to air quality improvement, and the corresponding value of a life year gained is estimated at CFA Francs 35,550.2 (USD 80) at least. The results also point to a great deal of heterogeneity in individual valuation schemes, as they vary with the perceptions of life expectancy gains, payment vehicles, and various individual characteristics, and also across months with different levels of temperatures. These findings could constitute important inputs into public strategies aimed at improving air quality in the African context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dermatological manifestations are frequent and often constitute a circumstance of HIV discovery in 70% of cases [1]. They are observed in 83% of patients with AIDS and at an early stage in 75% [2,3,4,5]. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects of skin manifestations during HIV infection in children. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, multicentric, descriptive study over a period of ten years in two dermatology departments and one pediatric department in Dakar, Senegal. We included all HIV-seropositive children aged 0--15 years with mucosal cutaneous manifestations. A dermatologist and a specialist in the medical care of HIV performed the diagnosis of cutaneous manifestations. Data entry and analysis were performed with the SPSS software, version 9.05. Results: We collected 206 cases of cutaneous manifestations in 454 children followed for HIV infection. The hospital frequency was 45.3%. The children were male in 115 cases (55.83%) and female in 91 cases (44.17%), giving a sex ratio of 1.26. The mean age of the patients was sixty months, with extremes of one month to fourteen years. A mycotic dermatosis origin was noted in 47.37%, ringworm in 22.37%, dermatophytosis in 8.58%, oral candidiasis in 6.58%, seborrheic dermatitis in 6.58%, and perleche in 3.29%. Bacterial skin diseases were represented by furunculosis in 1.97%, and impetigo in 7.24%. Viral dermatoses included molluscum contagiosum in 10.53%, shingles in 9.21%, warts in 9.87%, and chickenpox in 3.95%. As for parasitic dermatoses, scabies was noted in 8.55, followed by larva migrans in 0.66% and cutaneous leishmaniosis in 0.66%. Immuno-allergic dermatoses accounted for 25% and included prurigo in 94.3%, atopic dermatitis in 1.90%, and fixed pigmented erythema in 1.90%. Conclusion: Cutaneous manifestations are a common discovery during HIV infection in children. They are marked by a predominance of infectious dermatoses in sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Outre-Mers: Revue d'Histoire Colonial et Impériale is the property of Societe Francaise d'Histoire d'Outre Mer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of AF in the cardiology department of the Hospital Principal of Dakar, then to evaluate the clinical, paraclinical, etiological and evolutionary profiles of AF and finally to identify the limits of its management in our context. This was a retrospective, descriptive, analytical, mono-centric study carried out at Hospital Principal of Dakar from January 2019 to August 2021. Were included, all patients admitted for atrial fibrillation, or patients who presented an atrial fibrillation during hospitalization, confirmed by electrocardiogram or long-term electrocardiographic recording during the study period. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation during the period of our study compared to the hospital population was 7.71%, with a sex ratio of 1.03. The mean age was 67.88 ± 14.09 years. We noted that 83.64% of patients had at least one cardiovascular risk factor, with 56.36% suffering from hypertension, 50.91% of sedentary person and 23.64% of diabetics. Clinically, 92.72% of the patients were symptomatic, with dyspnea predominating (70.91%). Cardiac arrhythmia was present in 85.45% of patients, and congestive heart failure in 47.27%. Long-term electrocardiographic recording was performed in 10 patients, showing 50% of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Sixty-three patients (57.27%) had permanent AF, twenty-three patients (20.91%) had persistent AF, fourteen patients (12.73%) had long-term persistent AF and ten patients (9.09%) had paroxysmal AF. Transthoracic echocardiography showed 57.27% of left atrial dilatation and 72.3% of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Etiologies for cardiac causes were dominated by dilated cardiomyopathy (21.82%), followed by ischemic heart disease (17.27%). In terms of treatment, the most commonly used molecule was bisoprolol (38.18%), followed by digoxin (21.81%). Anticoagulants were used in 85.46% of cases. Acenocoumarol alone was used in 69.09% of patients. Drug-induced cardioversion was attempted in 2 patients without success, and 4 patients benefited from external electric shock with 3 successes. Most patients had a favorable outcome, but 34.54% suffered hemodynamic complications (18.18%) and thromboembolic ones as well (16.36%). In-hospital mortality in our series was 20%. It was significantly related to heart failure, with a left ventricular ejection fraction < 35% (p < 0.001). Atrial fibrillation is serious because of its hemodynamic, thromboembolic and rhythmic complications. The high mortality is explained by the underlying condition, but also by the delay in management with late diagnosis and, above all, the unavailability of ablation procedures in our context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of LHB: Hydroscience Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a rare cutaneous manifestation in multiple myeloma and only twenty cases have been described to date. We report an unusual case with kappa IgA multiple myeloma in a 63 years old woman presented with leukocytoclastic vasculitis type of digital necrosis and leg ulcer. The vasculitis seems to be paraneoplastic as skin lesions regressed following multiple myeloma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objective was to study the epidemiological, clinical, etiological and evolutionary aspects of toxidermia in Dakar. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology of the Hospital Le Dantec from January 2001 to December 2015. She identified all of the toxidermia cases of hospitalization in this department. The diagnosis was based on the French criteria for drug accountability. Results: Two hundred cases of toxidermia were recorded. The hospital frequency was 9.2%. The sex ratio was 0.61. The average age was 33 years. Clinical forms of bullous toxidermia were Stevens Johnson/Lyell in 54% (n = 108), erythema multiforme in 3% (n = 6), and fixed pigmented erythema in 2% (n = 4). Mucosal involvement was noted in 56.5% (n = 113). Visceral involvement was noted in 15% (n = 30) with respiratory involvement in 24 cases of SSJ/NET and 6 cases of DRESS. The drugs identified were antibiotics in 38,7% (n = 53), analgesics in 15,3% (n = 21), anti-comitials in 13,1% (n = 18), antiretrovirals in 11,7% (n= 16), antituberculosis drugs in 9,5%% (n = 13) and medicinal plants in 11,7% (n = 16). The outcome was favorable in 62.5% (n = 125). Death was noted in 12%. Conclusion: Toxidemia in Dakar are characterized by predominance in severe clinical forms in young adults and mortality was related to infectious and hydro electrolyte complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While some researchers have predicted a fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa similar to that witnessed in Europe, Latin America, or Asia, where practices of fertility limitation and long-term contraception have played a major role, others believe that it will differ. The aim of this article is to contribute to this debate, testing Caldwell's prediction of comparable declines in fertility in Africa at all ages through the adoption of modern contraceptives. We examine the cases of Dakar, Ouagadougou, and Nairobi, three capital cities where fertility is now relatively low (around three children per woman in 2010–2015), drawing on the various available data sources going as far back as the early 1970s. The data for these three cities confirm the hypothesis of a similar fertility reduction across all ages. However, Nairobi is the only city where contraception is the main strategy adopted by all age groups. Sexual non-exposure outside of the postpartum period played a key role in attaining low family sizes at younger and older reproductive ages in Ouagadougou and Dakar, as well as postpartum insusceptibility in Dakar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Our Dermatology Online / Nasza Dermatologia Online is the property of Our Dermatology Online and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Our Dermatology Online / Nasza Dermatologia Online is the property of Our Dermatology Online and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of AF in the cardiology department of the Hospital Principal of Dakar, then to evaluate the clinical, paraclinical, etiological and evolutionary profiles of AF and finally to identify the limits of its management in our context., Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, analytical, mono-centric study carried out at Hospital Principal of Dakar from January 2019 to August 2021. Were included, all patients admitted for atrial fibrillation, or patients who presented an atrial fibrillation during hospitalization, confirmed by electrocardiogram or long-term electrocardiographic recording during the study period., Results: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation during the period of our study compared to the hospital population was 7.71%, with a sex ratio of 1.03. The mean age was 67.88 ± 14.09 years. We noted that 83.64% of patients had at least one cardiovascular risk factor, with 56.36% suffering from hypertension, 50.91% of sedentary person and 23.64% of diabetics. Clinically, 92.72% of the patients were symptomatic, with dyspnea predominating (70.91%). Cardiac arrhythmia was present in 85.45% of patients, and congestive heart failure in 47.27%. Long-term electrocardiographic recording was performed in 10 patients, showing 50% of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Sixty-three patients (57.27%) had permanent AF, twenty-three patients (20.91%) had persistent AF, fourteen patients (12.73%) had long-term persistent AF and ten patients (9.09%) had paroxysmal AF. Transthoracic echocardiography showed 57.27% of left atrial dilatation and 72.3% of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Etiologies for cardiac causes were dominated by dilated cardiomyopathy (21.82%), followed by ischemic heart disease (17.27%). In terms of treatment, the most commonly used molecule was bisoprolol (38.18%), followed by digoxin (21.81%). Anticoagulants were used in 85.46% of cases. Acenocoumarol alone was used in 69.09% of patients. Drug-induced cardioversion was attempted in 2 patients without success, and 4 patients benefited from external electric shock with 3 successes. Most patients had a favorable outcome, but 34.54% suffered hemodynamic complications (18.18%) and thromboembolic ones as well (16.36%). In-hospital mortality in our series was 20%. It was significantly related to heart failure, with a left ventricular ejection fraction < 35% (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Atrial fibrillation is serious because of its hemodynamic, thromboembolic and rhythmic complications. The high mortality is explained by the underlying condition, but also by the delay in management with late diagnosis and, above all, the unavailability of ablation procedures in our context., Competing Interests: Déclaration de liens d'intérêts Les auteurs déclarent n'avoir aucun lien d'intérêt., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Hypertension is a significant public health concern globally, particularly in developing countries undergoing epidemiological transitions., Objectives: This study, part of the "My Measure Month" program in collaboration with the French Society of Hypertension, aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and stress the importance of blood pressure measurement., Methodology: This was an observational and cross-sectional study conducted over one month in the outpatient department of a center specialized in hypertension management. The study included patients aged over 18 years. We examined hypertension data (duration, treatments, compliance) and cardiovascular risk factors. Three measurements were taken at one-minute intervals. A p-value≤0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 45.6%, with a higher frequency in women (54.2%). The most affected age group was 50 to 70 years, with hypertension exceeding 70% in those over 70 years old. Notably, 13% of patients who were not previously diagnosed with hypertension had elevated blood pressure during the study. Repeated measurements showed variations in hypertension grades, with a decrease in patients with grade II and III hypertension. Among hypertensive patients, 93% lacked financial coverage for their medications. Despite most being on pharmacological treatment, 36.2% of hypertensive patients, particularly those on dual therapy, had uncontrolled blood pressure. Factors such as age (≥ 65 years), smoking, dyslipidaemia, and heart failure were significantly associated with hypertension., Conclusion: The study concludes that an integrated approach to prevention, screening, and treatment is essential to reduce the hypertension burden and enhance the quality of life for patients., Competing Interests: The Authors declare that no competing interest exists, (The Authors declare that no competing interest exists.)

Introduction: In-hospital mortality is a critical indicator of healthcare quality, although most hospital deaths result from unavoidable morbid processes., Objectives: This study aimed to examine cardiovascular mortality in working-age patients by analysing epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics and identifying the key etiological factors associated with mortality., Methodology: A descriptive and analytical retrospective study was conducted from September 2019 to August 2022 at the General Hospital Idrissa POUYE in Dakar. The study focused on patients aged 15 to 60 years who were hospitalised and subsequently died in the cardiology department. Bivariate analysis was used, with a p-value ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant., Results: A total of 73 patients were included, revealing a specific mortality rate of 8.8%. The majority of patients were male (sex ratio 1.2) with an average age of 44. The main cardiovascular risk factors identified were sedentarism (76.7%), hypertension (28.8%), and smoking (21.9%). Physical examinations showed signs of heart failure in 63%, while diagnostic tests revealed anemia (59%) and renal impairment (25%). Echocardiographic findings indicated impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (81%), pulmonary hypertension (78%), and kinetic abnormalities (40%). Cardiogenic shock (45.2%) and septic shock (37%) were the primary immediate causes of death. The analysis revealed significant associations between mortality and factors such as age, socio-economic status, ischaemic heart disease (p=0.034), pulmonary embolism (p=0.034), hypertension (p=0.009), smoking (p=0.011), diabetes (p=0.011), dyslipidaemia, obesity (p=0.001), and COVID-19 infection (p=0.017)., Conclusion: The high prevalence of ischaemic heart disease and pulmonary embolism in premature mortality highlights the need for intensified cardiovascular prevention measures. Keywords: Cardiovascular mortality, under 60 years, Dakar, Senegal., Competing Interests: The Authors declare that no competing interest exists, (Copyright © 2024 by West African Journal of Medicine.)

Objectives: Acute respiratory infections are among the leading cause of mortality in children under 5 years of age worldwide, with most of these deaths due to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. We investigated and analyzed a pediatric outbreak of acute respiratory infections that resulted in the hospitalization of four infants in a nursery in Dakar in late April 2024., Methods: Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected from infants and tested for a panel of respiratory pathogens by multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the positive samples underwent next-generation sequencing for molecular analysis., Results: Human adenovirus (HAdV) was the principal etiologic agent detected in hospitalized infants with pneumonia and nearly half (46.7%; seven of 15) of the suspected cases identified during the investigation at the nursery. All the HAdV isolates were classified as being of subgroup B1. Molecular characterization revealed that infants attending the nursery were infected with a recombinant HAdV strain containing an adenovirus serotype 7 penton and serotype 3 hexon and fiber proteins., Conclusions: Our findings reinforce previous evidence that recombination leads to the emergence of new adenovirus strains with epidemic and lethal potential. These results emphasize the need to strengthen surveillance in inpatient settings across the country., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interest to declare., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Introduction : le diagnostic précoce des déficits immunitaires primitifs (DIP) constitue un véritable défi dans le monde. Le but de ce travail était de rapporter les manifestations dermatologiques observées au cours des déficits immunitaires primitifs sur peau foncée à Dakar. Patients et Méthodes : il s’agissait d’une étude transversale descriptive de Janvier 2018 à Mars 2021, incluant tous les enfants âgés de 0 à 18 ans présentant des manifestations dermatologiques opportunistes sans infection à VIH. Le diagnostic du type de déficit immunitaire primitif était basé sur les 10 tableaux de la classification phénotypique de l’union internationale des sociétés d’immunologistes (UISI) 2019. Résultats : 64 patients ont été suivis dont 35 filles. L’âge moyen était de 6 ans (extrêmes : 1semaine-18 ans). La médecine traditionnelle était un des recours thérapeutiques dans 94% des cas soit en premier, soit au cours du suivi. Les manifestations dermatologiques étaient entre autre : virales dans 20 cas avec 21,87% de condylomes ano-génitaux ; bactérienne dans 18 cas ; fongiques dans 1 cas; allergique dans 14 cas; auto-immune et auto-inflammatoire dans 12 cas. Les 30 cas ayant bénéficié de bilan immunologique de base, ont révélé un déficit immunitaire primitif avec un syndrome d’Hyper Immunoglobulinémie E (IgE) dans 14 cas. Conclusion : Tous les cas, ayant un bilan immunologique de base, ont pu être classés selon les 10 tableaux, de la classification phénotypique de l’UISI. Ce résultat suggère une sensibilité des manifestations dermatologiques pour le diagnostic des DIP. Ce constat devra être confirmé par d’autres études.

Introduction : La disponibilité du sang et des produits dérivés du sang ainsi que la sécurité transfusionnelle constituent un problème majeur de santé publique. Ce travail avait pour but de déterminer la pertinence de l’introduction du dépistage génomique viral (DGV) des virus VHB et VIH dans les dons de sang au centre national de transfusion sanguine ( CNTS) de Dakar.Matériel et méthodes: L’étude s’est déroulée au CNTS de Dakar, centre de référence pour la collecte, le traitement et la distribution de produits sanguins au Sénégal. Il s’agissait d’une étude prospective et transversale qui s’est déroulée de Juillet 2016 au mois de février 2017. L’étude a concernée 1455 dons de sang pour dépistage des marqueurs viraux avec la technique par chimiluminescence. Parmi ces 1455 dons, 300 ont été sélectionnés pour le DGV. Résultats : Les prévalences au dépistage étaient de 8% pour le VHB et 0,7% pour le VIH par chimiluminescence. Tous les donneurs dépistés négatifs pour le VIH sont restés négatifs avec le DGV. De même, les 10 donneurs dépistés positifs pour le VIH et le VHB ont été confirmés positifs par DGV. Par contre, parmi les 58 donneurs dépistés négatifs, un donneur a été retrouvé positif avec le DGV pour le VHB.Conclusion : Ce travail a montré une concordance parfaite entre les deux techniques pour le VIH et une absence de risque résiduel de transmission du VIH. En revanche, il ya une concordance presque parfaite entre les deux techniques pour le VHB. Ces résultats devraient être confirmés sur un plus grand nombre d’échantillons et sur une longue période.

Ces dernières décennies, les villes africaines sont confrontées à des séries d’inondations en lien avec l’urbanisation rapide, l’intensification des fortes pluies et la défaillance du réseau de drainage pluvial. La prévision de ces inondations constitue un enjeu majeur, et passe par la cartographie précise et lisible des écoulements de surface. Cette étude, menée dans la périphérie urbaine de l’agglomération de Dakar, vise à proposer une méthode de calcul permettant de localiser les débordements du réseau de drainage à l’échelle de l’agglomération, avec des temps de calcul compatibles avec la prévision en temps réel. Après avoir décrit brièvement la méthode, l’article s’attache à montrer comment intégrer les différents objets urbains modifiant les directions de drainage ou les caractéristiques des écoulements (bâti, collecteurs, bassins de retenue) et restituer la topologie du drainage à une échelle fine (5 m). La méthode, basée sur un MNT, est décrite en présentant les algorithmes utilisés ou développés, illustrés par des exemples. Ces algorithmes sont opérationnels dans le logiciel ATHYS et son module Vicair. Cet article sera complété ultérieurement par la description de la modélisation hydrologique et hydraulique associée à cette topologie.

In 1914, an epidemic of bubonic plague ravaged colonial Dakar. The panicked French colonial administration blamed the native population and evicted indigenous Africans from the city center before burning their homes. The Dakarois fought back through a general strike, political maneuvering, and, finally, by taking to the streets. Out of this year of disease, politics, racism, and resistance came the new, segregated neighborhood of Médina, which was created to house the displaced African population of Dakar. Over the twentieth century, as Dakar swelled into a metropolis around it, Médina was a unique space in the Senegalese capital—a hotbed of cultural creativity, a crossroads for waves of migrants, and a potent and enduring contrast with the nearby downtown, known as the Plateau. This article explores the ways in which the plague of 1914 reshaped Dakar and left a lasting impression on a century of Senegalese cultural production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithopedion is a rare condition secondary to retention and calcification of an unrecognized intra‐abdominal (usually ectopic) pregnancy after a fetal death, which occurred after three months of gestation. It accounts for 1.5%–2% of cases of ectopic pregnancy. We report the case of a 72‐year‐old nulligravida woman who died about 72 h after being kicked in the abdomen during a fight. At autopsy, an intra‐abdominal calcified fetus, acute generalized peritonitis, and ileal perforation were observed. The estimated gestational age of the fetus was 37 weeks (based on femur length) and the lithopedion had a weight of 750 g and a size of 15 × 12 × 9 cm. The age of menopause and the duration of retention are not known. This is the first case of this entity identified in Senegal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the general population has been poorly studied in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in a population group in Senegal (the imams). We conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive observational study from April 18th to May 2nd, 2015. Any subject acting as an imam, member of the association of imams and ulamas of Dakar, was included. The study population was quite old, with a mean age of 67.05 ± 12.35 years. The socio-economic level was quite low in the overall population. The prevalence of risk factors was much higher among unpaid imams. The survey revealed a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, with dyslipidemias as a major contributing risk factor observed in 80% of cases. The prevalence of other risk factors was: sedentary lifestyle (74.6%), hypertension (56.7%), diabetes (17%), obesity (10.4%) and metabolic syndrome (19.4%). Risk factor combinations were common and 74.6% of the imams surveyed had at least three cardiovascular risk factors. Global cardiovascular risk was low to moderate in 76.66% of cases, high and very high in 23.33% of cases. This survey showed, on the one hand, a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in imams and, on the other hand, that these risk factors are not often known to subjects. It is imperative to promote studies for the prevention of cardiovascular risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La pratique des SMS a une forte influence sur le niveau d’orthographe des collégiens, lycéens et des étudiants de Dakar. En témoignent les nombreuses fautes de grammaire, d’orthographe et de conjugaison qui caractérisent l’écriture de leurs SMS : ils écrivent maintenant, non seulement n’importe quoi mais aussi n’importe comment leurs textos en ne se souciant pas de la notion d’accord. Ainsi, comme on peut le remarquer, le non-respect des règles d’accords est la chose la mieux partagée chez les Smsseurs. En vérité, ce qui motive la réflexion portée par cet article c’est parce que nous avons remarqué un phénomène très surprenant : celui des fautes portant sur le non-respect de l’accord dans l’écriture des SMS. Ces fautes sont surtout notées dans l’accord des verbes conjugués ou des participes passés mais aussi dans l’emploi des marques du féminin ou du pluriel. Ainsi, notre contribution est de revenir sur l’importance et la place de l’orthographe en français d’une part et d’autre part de dévoiler les fautes d’accords constatées dans l’écriture des SMS.

Background: This study addresses the mobility practices of the inhabitants of the peripheries of Dakar and the transport services they use to meet their mobility needs, in particular the unlicensed shared taxis ("Clandos"). In the peripheries, which suffer from a lack of jobs and amenities, mobility is essential to meet household needs and for social integration. Current transport policies focus on formalizing supply and organizing the system around high-capacity transport facilities, such as the Regional Express Railway (TER) or Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), but they have difficulty in dealing with the mobility problems facing the outskirts of the city. Methods: The study is based on secondary analysis of the 2015 Household Travel Survey and on a survey on the activity of Clandos conducted in 2021 in Dakar. Results: The analysis highlights the daily mobility practices of the inhabitants of the peripheral areas. These residents, who are on average poorer than the others, travel mainly on foot. Their access to public transport remains limited and, when they use it, a significant proportion of their trips are made by Clando. Clandos have a dual function. On one hand, they are used for long trips to the center, in competition with buses, but more often they operate as a complement to buses. On the other hand, they are mostly used for local mobility within the peripheries. Conclusions: Although relatively expensive, Clando services are valuable for the inhabitants of the peripheries and their daily mobility. They should be better integrated into transport and planning strategies for the peripheral areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal peritoneal infection is a relatively rare but serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. It is associated with a high risk of technical failure and mortality, particularly in the event of late diagnosis. Most of these fungal infections are associated with the Candida genus. However, in recent years, we have observed an emergence of new fungal species with established pathogenicity in peritoneal dialysis. We report the first case of fungal peritoneal infection due to Geotrichum spp that occurred in our peritoneal dialysis unit in Dakar in Senegal.

This article postulates that the hegemonic, neocolonial discourse held in France on African post-colonies remains atemporal. It also questions philanthropic projects.

The idea of representing a city in 10 word descriptions comes from a writing workshop that I led in the Senegalese capital of Dakar in 2015, on the invitation of the Dakar Women’s Group. The pairing of the ideal 10 word descriptions with the ideal 10 images developed as a result of multiple revisions for various occasions, over the course of a year. I hope that the selection here gives a glimpse into but also a feel of a place rich with color, vibrancy, hospitality, and contradiction.

In the suburbs of Dakar, matter as a flux is not a metaphor anymore, but a concrete process of city fluidification, disintegration, or solidification. Indeed, the city has been concerned for more than 30 years by regular floods that were established permanently in some districts. Drawing from an assemblage perspective, this article aims to understand how people deal with untamed waters in flooded neighbourhoods and at the city scale. It also raises questions about how we can capture the processes of production, maintenance, and disintegration of cities by identifying stable forms of assemblages and by comparing them according to the specific action that they support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]