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The function-based classification (FCS) classifies streets according to their respective requirements in the pre-defined hierarchy of the urban street network (USN). However, a mismatch between the planned and actual performance can often be observed because extensive data-collection or prior local knowledge of the real performance are not always available or are often cost- and resource-consuming. This study proposes a machine learning approach for network-based categorization of street segments (NSC). Measurements derived from network science are computed for each street segment and then clustered based on their topological importance. NSC is then compared with the FCS in order to explore the fine variations in spatial-structural properties of the segments within the existing FCS scheme and to offer opportunities for better planning.

In recent years, the use of Wire-and-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) for strengthening standardized steel elements received significant interest within the research community. The reason for this lies in the theoretical potential of WAAM to improve the economic and environmental aspects of contemporary steel construction through efficient material consumption. As efficiency is often obtained through detailed design study, the paper presents a design exploration of suitable stiffener geometries under the assumption of infinite geometrical freedom. The assumption is eventually invalidated as process constraints specific to the generated geometries emerge from test trials. Once identified, process constraints are documented and overcome through adequate and precise path planning. Feasibility analysis is an important step between design and fabrication, especially in the case of large-scale or geometrically complex components. With reference to the case of stiffeners, a feasibility analysis is necessary to take into account the specific geometrical limits of the build volume, which is not typically the case for conventional WAAM fabrication. The current research provides the first investigation to understand the means for future on-site WAAM strengthening of existing steel structural elements.

The efficient utilization of robotic construction of structures requires a review of structural material, elements and details, while traditional construction methods face difficulties in producing some dry concrete joints, robotic methods can manufacture them efficiently. With the rapid advancement of new construction methods, more effort should be directed towards developing new types of joints manufactureable by Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods. Accordingly, considering the potentials of robotic techniques, this article proposes eight new concrete dry joints. Concrete portal frames with two identical joints at the end of the beam are cast and evaluated under bending and shear. The performance of each joint, evaluated by experimental and numerical studies based on the crack distribution and stresses, was discussed. Furthermore, various aspects of the process of robotic subtractive manufacturing of the connections are discussed through the selected printed/milled geometries; likewise, geometrical accuracy by microscanning was measured, proving this technique’s capability (methodology). Based on findings, some proposed joints that can be manufactured entirely and quickly by robotic additive and subtractive techniques structurally can produce the full strength of the monolithic reference section. The range of the capacities and initial stiffness is, accordingly, [50%, 106%] and [51%, 124%] of the monolithic elements.

Rapid transitions induced by migration flows and socio-economic developments brought about massive changes in urbanization processes and resulted in increasingly uncertain futures. The implications and complexities of the ensuing urbanization patterns are difficult to predict and project into the future. While most studies are focused on large cities and major urban centers, urbanization processes in small and medium-sized cities have garnered little scholarly and political attention. To understand future urbanization patterns, we used the TOPOI method, a novel approach for classifying territorial settlements, and spatial autoregressive models to examine contrasting futures of population growth and shrinkage in one small and one medium-sized city in Lower Saxony, Germany. Results revealed that despite planning frameworks, high population density and functional mix, respectively, were insufficient mechanisms to reduce land take. Contrary to current assumptions on the functional mix of small and medium-sized towns, our findings showed that more than half of the settlements across the study area accommodated three or more functions. Since the share of residential buildings and functional mix strongly influenced land take, further research is needed to understand their implications on sustainable urban planning. Shrinking towns in Lower Saxony continue to present multidimensional challenges and emphasize the need for transforming local planning cultures and institutional frameworks to sustainably manage and repurpose these potentially vacant areas.

Unkonditionierte, verglaste Atrien sind häufiges Gestaltungselement von modernen Bürogebäuden. Sie haben das Potential die Energieeffizienz, die thermische Behaglichkeit, die Rentabilität und den CO2-Ausstoß eines Gebäudes nachhaltig zu beeinflussen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird beschrieben, welchen Einfluss ein Atrium auf ein Gebäude hat und wie ein Atrium optimal ausgeführt werden sollte. Die Betrachtungen erfolgen am Beispiel des Energieforums Berlin, das mitsamt seinem Atrium in mehreren Forschungsprojekten intensiv untersucht wurde. Für diese Arbeit wurde das Gebäude in einem Simulationsprogramm modelliert und es wurden anhand dessen Parameterstudien durchgeführt. Für die Abbildung des thermischen Verhaltens des nicht-isothermen Durchströmungsgebietes eines Atriums in einem dynamischen Gebäudesimulationsprogramm kommen aufwendige Berechnungsmethoden zum Einsatz, die es ermöglichen den natürlichen Luftwechsel in der geforderten Genauigkeit darzustellen. Hierbei wird auf vorangegangene Arbeiten am selben Objekt aufgebaut. Das Simulationsmodell wurde auf der Basis von Messwerten kalibriert, so dass das thermische Verhalten des Atriums mit der notwendigen Genauigkeit wiedergegeben wird. Im Ergebnis konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Fassade des Atriums sowie der Betriebsführung eine Schlüsselrolle zukommt, wenn ein Atrium optimal gestaltet werden soll. So sollte der g-Wert der Atriumverglasung im Bereich von 0,34 oder darunter liegen und 0,59 nicht überschreiten. Der U-Wert sollte im Bereich von 1,0 W/(m²K) liegen. Es wurde ein Auslegungskriterium für die Größe der Lüftungsöffnungen entwickelt, das sich an der Größe der transparenten Fassadenfläche des Atriums orientiert. Die aerodynamisch wirksame Fläche der Lüftungsöffnungen sollte in Abhängigkeit vom g-Wert der Verglasung mindestens 5 % – 7 % der transparenten Fläche der Atriumfassade betragen. Durch die optimale Integration eines Atriums in ein Gebäude kann der Heizwärmebedarf der angrenzenden Räume im Vergleich zu einem Referenzgebäude um rund 90 % gesenkt werden. Der Kühlenergiebedarf steigt dabei minimal. Bei Betrachtung einer 50-jährigen Nutzungsdauer ergibt sich durch den reduzierten Heizwärmebedarf mit einem Atrium eine Senkung der CO2-Emissionen des Gebäudes um ca. 50 %. Der durch den Bau des Atriums bedingte CO2-Ausstoß wird durch die einhergehenden Einsparungen nach 6 Jahren kompensiert. Die ökonomische Rentabilität eines Atriums ist stark abhängig von den finanziellen Randbedingungen Energiepreisentwicklung und Kapitalkosten. Bei konservativer Annahme der aktuell bestehenden Randbedingungen (Energiepreissteigerung 3 % p.a., Zinsen 2 % p.a.) ist ein Atrium unter Annahme einer 50-jährigen Nutzungsdauer 10 % günstiger als das Referenzgebäude ohne Atrium. Bei einer ungünstigen Entwicklung der Randbedingungen hin zu höheren Kapitalkosten (6 %) und einer geringeren Energiepreissteigerung (1 %) kann ein Gebäude mit Atrium deutlich teurer ausfallen als das Referenzgebäude ohne Atrium., Unconditioned, glazed atria are common design elements of modern office buildings. They have the potential to influence the energy efficiency, thermal comfort, profitability and CO2 emissions of a building in the long term. This paper describes the influence of an atrium on a building and how an atrium should be optimally designed. The considerations are based on the example of the Energy Forum Berlin, which, together with its atrium, has been intensively studied in several research projects. For this work, the building was modeled in a simulation program and parameter studies were carried out based on it. For the representation of the thermal behavior of the non-isothermal flow area of an atrium in a dynamic building simulation program, complex calculation methods are used, which make it possible to represent the natural air exchange with the required accuracy. This is based on previous work on the same object. The simulation model was calibrated on the basis of measured values, so that the thermal behavior of the atrium is reproduced with the necessary accuracy. As a result, it was shown that the facade of the atrium as well as the operational management play a key role if an atrium is to be optimally designed. For example, the g-value of the atrium glazing should be in the range of 0.34 or below and should not exceed 0.59. The U-value should be in the range of 1.0 W/(m²K). A design criterion for the size of the vents was developed based on the size of the transparent facade area of the atrium. The aerodynamically effective area of the ventilation openings should be at least 5 % - 7 % of the transparent area of the atrium façade, depending on the g-value of the glazing. By optimally integrating an atrium into a building, the heating energy demand of the adjacent rooms can be reduced by about 90 % compared to a reference building. The cooling energy demand increases minimally. Considering a 50-year service life, the reduced heating energy demand with an atrium results in a reduction of the CO2 emissions of the building by about 50 %. The CO2 emissions caused by the construction of the atrium are compensated for by the associated savings after 6 years. The economic profitability of an atrium is strongly dependent on the financial boundary conditions of energy price development and capital costs. With a conservative assumption of the currently existing boundary conditions (energy price increase 3% p.a., interest 2% p.a.), an atrium is 10% cheaper than the reference building without an atrium, assuming a 50-year service life. In case of an unfavorable development of the boundary conditions towards higher capital costs (6 %) and a lower energy price increase (1 %), a building with atrium can turn out to be significantly more expensive than the reference building without atrium. As a result, it could be shown that the facade of the atrium as well as the operational management play a key role if an atrium is to be optimally designed. For example, the g-value of the atrium glazing should be in the range of 0.34 or below and should not exceed 0.59. The U-value should be in the range of 1.0 W/(m²K). A design criterion for the size of the vents was developed based on the size of the transparent facade area of the atrium. The aerodynamically effective area of the ventilation openings should be at least 5 % - 7 % of the transparent area of the atrium façade, depending on the g-value of the glazing. By optimally integrating an atrium into a building, the heating energy demand of the adjacent rooms can be reduced by about 90 % compared to a reference building. The cooling energy demand increases minimally. Considering a 50-year service life, the reduced heating energy demand with an atrium results in a reduction of the CO2 emissions of the building by about 50 %. The CO2 emissions caused by the construction of the atrium are compensated for by the associated savings after 6 years. The economic profitability of an atrium is strongly dependent on the financial boundary conditions of energy price development and capital costs. Based on conservative assumptions of the current boundary conditions (energy price increase 3% p.a., interest 2% p.a.), an atrium is 10% cheaper than the reference building without an atrium, assuming a 50-year service life. In case of an unfavorable development of the boundary conditions towards higher capital costs (6 %) and a lower energy price increase (1 %), a building with atrium can turn out to be significantly more expensive than the reference building without atrium.

The accessibility of suburban and rural areas presents existential challenges for resident communities. Municipality inhabitants with little access to public transport and structurally weak regions often work in distant urban agglomerations, with long commutes. Widespread monofunctional ‘dormitory’ villages and suburban areas with low building density and access to public transport, fuelling automobility dependence, are still implemented as planning concepts in Lower Saxony. The objectives of this study are to analyse the quality of public transport accessibility along the urban-rural gradient in relation to settlement types in two regions in Lower Saxony; to identify the interrelations between good accessibility by public transport and population density; to identify opportunities and challenges of urban-rural public transport accessibility. The application of the settlement classification system TOPOI – developed to analyse and define settlement patterns in urban-rural gradients – enabled us to determine the quality of public transport. Furthermore, we newly developed the ‘Public Transport Access Score’ based on parameters such as available public transport modalities, their catchment areas, operating frequencies, and connectivity and applied it to demonstrate the level of accessibility for different settlement types of similar characteristics (TOPOI). Hence, we localised how sustainable accessibility of public transport can benefit the development of the urban–rural network.

Although review writing is becoming increasingly relevant for theses-by-publication processes, the topic of review writing has hardly been empirically studied from the Ph.D. students’ perspective. This paper addresses this desideratum by providing results of an exploratory study on review writing in German sports science. Based on a social constructivist approach and a socialization theory frame, the study investigated complexes of themes and knowledge that characterize Ph.D. students‘ review writing as part of sports science doctoral qualification processes within theses-by-publication. Between January and March 2021, 20 Ph.D. students from different sports science subdisciplines were interviewed using expert interviews. A structured-thematic qualitative content analysis identified six main experiential fields of review writing (type of review, individual significance of the review in the doctoral process, approach to writing the review, acquisition of review writing as a method, opportunities in elaborating and publishing the review, and challenges in elaborating and publishing the review). The topics of the category system highlight the diversity of review writing experiences, which can be bundled as content-related, social, and affective dimensions of socialization processes. At the same time, the topics of the category system allow specifying three dimensions of the socialization process for (sports) scientific qualification processes. In this way, the perspective of Ph.D. students on review writing as a central scientific practice and part of the doctoral dissertation is fundamentally determined. This could represent a gain in knowledge for the future implementation of research projects on the doctoral culture within as well as outside of sports science.

Recreational green spaces are associated with human thriving and well-being. During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic a spotlight has been shed on the interconnection between access to these spaces, human well-being and social equity. Containment measures enacted in many cities effectively precluded people from reaching distant recreational areas during the pandemic and consequently, recreational areas close to home became particularly important. Urban density is often associated with building or population density with the assumption that if either parameter has a high value, the availability of open (green) space is low. Certain densities are associated with specific spatial qualities. Addressing challenges of sustainable development, a detailed evaluation of density is necessary to allow evidence-based arguments, planning and decision-making. In this study we develop a multi-scale analysis method for quantifying and assessing green infrastructures from settlement unit to building level to reach a differentiated view on density, arguing that density can be organized in different ways achieving very different qualities. For this purpose, we use geospatial-data analysis and in-depth neighborhood studies to compare two cities in Asia and Europe, revealing different ways of organizing density in the built environment and identifying a derivation of approaches for sustainable development in dense urban regions.

Die im Rahmen des Fachinformationsdienstes (FID) BAUdigital definierten acht Aktionsfelder richten sich disziplinübergreifend an Forschende der Fachdisziplinen Bauingenieurwesen, Architektur und Urbanistik. Im Aktionsfeld 8, Open Access und Publikationsdienstleistungen, werden unter anderem spezifische Informations- und Beratungsangebote zu Open Access für die Community entwickelt. Vorausgegangene Studien und Expertengespräche zeigten bereits auf, dass sich die angesprochenen Fachdisziplinen in ihren Publikationskulturen unterscheiden. Eine vertiefende Analyse der Fachspezifika erschien notwendig und sollte maßgeblich durch eine Online-Befragung der FID-Community erreicht werden. Die vorliegenden Ausführungen stellen die Ergebnisse der Online-Befragung zum Thema „Open Access und Forschungsdatenmanagement“ vor, die im Frühjahr 2021 durchgeführt wurde. Es zeigt sich, dass Open Access aus verschiedenen Gründen (noch) nicht die bevorzugte Publikationsform in den genannten Fächern darstellt. Auch Zweitveröffentlichungen und das Publizieren von Forschungsdaten spielen bei den befragten Vertreter*innen der Fächer bislang eine untergeordnete Rolle. Zugleich wird betont, dass eine aktive Unterstützung und Beratung im Publikationsprozess sowie eine finanzielle Förderung von Open-Access-Veröffentlichungen die notwendigen Anreize schaffen kann, dies zu verändern.

Viele Schüler*innen an weiterführenden Schulen nutzen regelmäßig das Fahrrad für ihren Weg zur Schule. Neben attraktiven und sicheren Wege gibt es auch Gefahrenstellen, ungesicherte Querungsstellen oder Strecken mit hohen Verkehrsstärken und fehlender Radinfrastruktur. Dabei nimmt die Verkehrssicherheit des Fahrrades in Hinblick auf die notwendige Verkehrswende und der steigenden Fahrradnutzung an Bedeutung zu. Mit Hilfe von Radschulwegplänen kann die Verkehrs- und Schulwegsicherheit der radfahrendenden Schüler*innen verbessert und die Attraktivität des Fahrrades und Förderung der nachhaltigen Mobilität gesteigert werden. In dieser Arbeit wurde ein Radschulwegplan für die Integrierte Gesamtschule Franzsches Feld IGS:FF in Braunschweig erarbeitet. Für die Erarbeitung war eine Bestandsaufnahme des Ist-Zustandes erforderlich. Dazu gehörte eine Mobilitätsbefragung aller Schüler*innen, eine Unfallauswertung der Radverkehrsunfälle mit Personenschaden von 2018 bis 2020 im 5 km Radius und eine Ortsbegehung der daraus identifizierten objektiven und subjektiven Gefahrenstellen. Das Ergebnis der Bestandsaufnahme und Auswertung ist der Radschulwegplan für die IGS:FF mit den empfohlenen Radschulwegen, Informationen zu geeigneten Querungsstellen sowie Aufmerksamkeitspunkten. Des Weiteren wurden 16 Mängel- und Maßnahmenblätter inkl. detaillierte Handlungsempfehlungen zur Verbesserung der Gefahrenstellen für die Stadt Braunschweig ausgearbeitet. Abschließend wurden ausführliche Maßnahmenvorschläge zur Förderung und Stärkung des Radverkehrs an der IGS:FF erarbeitet., Many students at secondary schools regularly use bicycles to get to school. In contrast to attractive and safe routes, there are also danger spots, unsecured crossing points or routes with high traffic volumes and a lack of cycling infrastructure. In this context, the traffic safety of bicycles is becoming increasingly important in view of the necessary traffic turnaround and the increasing use of bicycles. With the help of bicycle school route plans, the traffic and school route safety of cycling students can be improved and the attractiveness of cycling and the promotion of sustainable mobility can be increased. In this study, a bicycle school route plan for the secondary school IGS Franzsches Feld IGS:FF in Brunswick was developed. For the development, an inventory of the current situation was necessary. This included a mobility survey of all students, an accident evaluation of the cycling accidents with personal injury from 2018 to 2020 in a 5 km radius and a site inspection of the objective and subjective danger spots identified from this. The result of the inventory and evaluation is the bicycle school route plan for the IGS:FF with the recommended bicycle school routes, information on suitable crossing points as well as attention points. Furthermore, 16 sheets including detailed recommendations for action to improve the danger points were elaborated for Brunswick. Finally, detailed proposals for measures to promote and strengthen cycling at the IGS:FF were developed.

Jahrbuch der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2021Jahrbuch 2021 der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2021, p. 317

Jahrbuch der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2021Jahrbuch 2021 der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2021, p. 338

Ja, Herr, ich kann Boogie! beschreibt und analysiert wie R&B; Soul und Funk nach Deutschland kam, wo man diese Musik hören konnte, wie die Musik klingt, die als Soul bezeichnet wird, wer diese Musik warum als Schwarz konstruiert, wer R&B, Soul, Funk und Disco wie und warum in beiden deutschen Staaten zu produzieren beginnt und unter welchen Bedingungen man mit dieser Musik Erfolg haben kann., Ja, Herr, ich kann Boogie! describes and analyses how R&B; Soul and funk came to Germany; where one could hear this music in both German states; how the music called soul in Germany sounds, who constructs this music to what purpose as Black; who starts producing R&B, Soul, Funk and Disco in both German states; under which conditions one can be successful with this music.

Jahrbuch der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2021Jahrbuch 2021 der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2021, p. 141

Jahrbuch der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2021Jahrbuch 2021 der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2021, p. 133

Potential Großsiedlung - Zukunftsbilder für die Neue Vahr, p. 118

Academic sports pedagogy continuously assures itself of its disciplinary foundations and determines its position in the structure of modern sciences. While communication is based on differences, the distinction between claim and reality plays a crucial role in sports pedagogy. However, the forms and functions in which the distinction appears have not been more closely investigated in sports pedagogic. This article starts with this in mind, exemplarily focusing on academic sports pedagogy in Germany. While analyzing 212 scientific texts of sports-pedagogical provenance, three central variations of the distinction could be identified, which persist until today and are present in the discipline's central discussion lines: (1) hierarchical demarcation, (2) unsystematic approach, (3) direct synthesis. From a functional point of view, the distinction between claim and reality continuously (re)organizes the relationship of sports pedagogy to other scientific disciplines, educational policy guidelines, and school practice expectations, thus proving to be a supporting pillar of disciplinary identity work.

This research unlocks the relationship between space, structure and light in some of the most important contemporary art museums in the world. The uniform illumination of daylight is one of the main criteria in the architectural planning of museum buildings for RPBW. The aim of the research is to systematize, comparatively analyze and evaluate the design principles of daylight systems and daylighting in RPBW museum projects. For this purpose, 9 selected museums were analyzed and the connection between the spatial concept, the design principle of the light control system (construction and detail) and the daylight quality (computer analysis) will be presented. The new computer models (Rhino 5) of the individual museums, created by the author, form the basis of the spatial and technical daylight analysis. For the comparative analysis of the daylight conditions, the daylight systems were systematized and categorized. In a first analysis step, the museums were examined in their site-specific location and the interior design were examined by daylight simulation technology using computer analysis (Rhino 5 DIVA Grasshopper script). In a second analysis step, the light-guiding systems were digitally analyzed by means of a standardized reference space (box) with the same parameters (room dimension, geographical position, orientation, hours of sunshine). Finally, a field analysis was conducted to benchmark and calibrate the standardized computer model based on empirical daylight measurements to ensure the accuracy of the comparative analysis. The lighting conditions in museums, and in particular the use of daylight, exert a significant influence on the perception of space and the reception of museum exhibits. The aim of this work is to serve as a guide on the applicability of system solutions of daylight control in museums in terms of the illuminance of daylight, the room aesthetics (light contrast), object perception, and geographic location. The results of the comparative analysis using a standardized reference space allow a precise quantitative comparison of daylight systems. The final evaluation of the system solutions provides a new planning tool for architects and planners who design daylight systems and daylighting., Diese Forschungsarbeit hat als Ziel, den Zusammenhang zwischen Raum, Struktur und Licht an ausgewählten Museumsprojekten des italienischen Architekten Renzo Piano darzustellen. Die gleichmäßige Tageslichtausleuchtung stellt für RPBW ein Hauptkriterium in der architektonischen Planung von Museumsbauten da. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die Entwurfsprinzipien von Tageslichtsystemen und der Tageslichtführung in RPBW Museen zu systematisieren, vergleichend zu analysieren und zu bewerten. Dazu wurden neun ausgewählte Museumsprojekte von RPBW analysiert und der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Raumkonzept, dem Konstruktionsprinzip des Lichtlenkungssystems (Konstruktion und Detail) und der Tageslichtqualität (Computer Analyse) dargestellt. Die vom Autor erstellten 3D-Computermodelle (Rhino 5) der einzelnen Museen stellen die Grundlage der räumlichen und tageslichttechnischen Betrachtung dar. Für die vergleichende Analyse der Tageslichtverhältnisse wurden die Tageslichtsysteme systematisiert und kategorisiert. In einem ersten Arbeitsschritt wurden die Museen in ihrer ortsspezifischen Lage und Raumgestaltung tageslichttechnisch mittels der Computeranalyse (Rhino 5 DIVA Grasshopper Script) analysiert. In einem zweiten Arbeitsschritt werden die Lichtlenksysteme mittels eines standardisierten Referenzenraumes (Box) mit gleichen Parametern (Raumdimension, geografische Lage, Ausrichtung, Sonnenstunden) digital analysiert. Abschließend wurde anhand von empirischen Tageslichtmessungen das standardisierte Computermodell kalibriert um die Genauigkeit der vergleichenden Analyse sicherzustellen. Die Lichtverhältnisse in Museen und insbesondere die Tageslichtnutzung üben einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Raumwahrnehmung und Rezeption der Museumsexponate aus. Das Ergebnis der vergleichenden Analyse mittels eines standardisierten Referenzraumes ermšglicht eine genaue quantitative Gegenüberstellung von Tageslichtsystemen. Die abschließende Bewertung der dargestellten Systemlösungen stellt eine neue Planungshilfe beim Entwurf von Tageslichtsystemen und der Tageslichtführung dar. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Aussagen zu treffen über die Anwendbarkeit von Systemlösungen der Tageslichtlenkung in Museen in Hinsicht auf die Beleuchtungsstärke des Tageslichtes, der Raumästhetik (Lichtkontrast), der Objektwahrnehmung und der geographischen Lage.

Total BS News: eine satirische Studentenzeitung, vol. 2021, no. 11

The METAPOLIS as the polycentric network of urban–rural settlement is undergoing constant transformation and urbanization processes. In particular, the associated imbalance of the shrinkage and growth of different settlement types in relative geographical proximity causes negative effects, such as urban sprawl and the divergence of urban–rural lifestyles with their related resource, land and energy consumption. Implicitly related to these developments, national and global sustainable development goals for the building sector lead to the question of how a region can be assessed without detailed research and surveys to identify critical areas with high potential for sustainable development. In this study, the TOPOI method is used. It classifies settlement units and their interconnections along the urban–rural gradient, in order to quantify and assess the land-uptake and global warming potential driven by residential developments. Applying standard planning parameters in combination with key data from a comprehensive life cycle assessment of the residential building stock, a detailed understanding of different settlement types and their associated resource and energy consumption is achieved.

Ein übergeordnetes Ziel des saisonalen Junioren-Sonderspielrechts U23 (m/w) im Deutschen Volleyball-Verband (DVV) wird häufig assoziiert mit einer progressiven Leistungsentwicklung der Nachwuchsmannschaft(en) durch das Spielen in der höchsten nationalen Liga der Erwachsenen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, am Beispiel einer Spielklasse unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses von Spielplanheterogenität zu überprüfen, ob sich spielergebnisanalytisch und mittels Spiel-Statistiken eine Leistungssteigerung nachweisen lässt und womöglich eine Einflussnahme auf eine Belegung von (nicht-)qualifizierenden Abschlusstabellenplätzen besteht. Dagegen galt es zu untersuchen, ob Ligaheterogenität durch die Nachwuchsmannschaft(en) begünstigt wird, was u.a. auf mangelnde teamspezifische Wettbewerbsfähigkeit schließen lässt., An overarching aim of the seasonal junior 'Sonderspielrecht' U23 (m/f) in the German Volleyball Federation (DVV) is often associated with a progressive performance development of the junior team(s) as a result of playing in the adults’ highest national league. The objective of the present study was to investigate, using the example of one division taking into account the influence of playing schedule heterogeneity, whether an increase in performance can be demonstrated using game result analysis and by means of game statistics and whether there is an influence on the occupancy of (non) qualifying league table positions at the normal round's end. Against that, it should be examined whether the heterogeneity of the league is mainly influenced by the junior team(s), which indicates a lack of team-specific competitiveness.

Publikationen des Instituts für Geschichte und Theorie der Architektur und Stadt (GTAS)

Total BS News: eine satirische Studentenzeitung, vol. 2020, no. 10

Physical activity (PA) in school physical education (PE) is a signature component of health promotion and health education. The study's aim was to explore PA levels and sedentary time in German elementary school PE lessons and relate them to selected personal and environmental PA determinants. Accelerometer measurements were collected from 328 students (47% male, mean age 8.7 ± 1.2 years) in 11 elementary schools in Baden-Wuerttemberg (Germany). PA levels and sedentary time were analyzed regarding gender, grade, body mass index, selected correlates of active living and health behaviors, as well as the PE teachers' PE education status. In line with previous research, the analyses of PA levels and sedentary time confirm gender and grade differences and highlight older girls as the less active group. Deviant weight status and parents' PA levels were found to be important determinants for PA levels and sedentary time of girls and offer starting points for intervention studies as well as gender-appropriate PE in elementary schools. Specialist PE teacher status proved to be a negative determinant of PA levels and sedentary time for boys and girls and should be investigated in further studies, especially regarding the didactic and methodological background. published

Total BS News: eine satirische Studentenzeitung, vol. 2020, no. 9

Architektur sei die wirkungsmächtigste aller Künste, so heißt es – und die Architekten betonen immer wieder, im Auftrag der Gesellschaft zu handeln. Der Gesellschaft aber ist „Architektur“ – nur um sie als die formal konsequent durchgestaltete Lösung einer Bauaufgabe und nicht um die Produkte jedweder Bautätigkeit geht es hier – weithin ein Unverstandenes. Wird man kaum müde, Architektur als Spiegel der Gesellschaft zu begreifen, ist es also der Architekt, der ihr den Spiegel vorhält? Hat er gar Anteil an der Definition von Gesellschaft? Wer aber in der Gesellschaft kennt zum Beispiel schon die Namen der Architekten eines so spektakulären Bauwerks wie der Hamburger Elbphilharmonie? („Ach, waren das mehrere?“). Hier ist etwas widersprüchlich verfangen und bedarf der Entwirrung. Sie ist im Grunde einfach: Differenzierte Gesellschaften sind funktional arbeitsteilig organisiert. Architektur ist jenen überantwortet, die für ihre Aufgabe ausgebildet und sie zu realisieren erfahren sind. Ein Bauwerk als solches seitens einer gesellschaftlichen Allgemeinheit zu verstehen und zu kommunizieren, setzt aber auf deren Seite einschlägiges architektonisches Wissen und Vokabular voraus – was die Frage nach der Stellung von Architektur im allgemeinen Bildungskanon aufwirft. Allein darum soll es im Folgenden gehen. Dies durchaus in Kenntnis auch anmutungsbegründeter Zugänge, gar solcher unter Umgehung von Sprache; ohne solche hier in der Folge vertiefter zu berücksichtigen., Jahrbuch der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2019Jahrbuch 2019 der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2019, p. 113

Core Self-Evaluations (CSE) ist ein aus Neurotizismus/emotionaler Stabilität, generalisierter Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung, Selbstwertgefühl und internaler Kontrollüberzeugung zusammengesetztes Konstrukt. Es hat sich bisher vor allem in arbeitspsychologischen Zusammenhängen bewährt. Ziel ist es, mit der allgemeinen Core Self-Evaluations-Skala (ACSES) eine modifizierte Fassung der G-CSES (Heilmann & Jonas, 2010) zu schaffen, die CSE auch in anderen Kontexten messbar macht, und sie empirisch zu überprüfen. Mit Daten von 239 Studierenden werden Itemanalysen durchgeführt, die Faktorenstruktur geprüft sowie anhand von Teilstichproben die Beziehungen zu Drittvariablen ermittelt. Die ACSES weist eine hohe interne Konsistenz (α = .82) und die erwartete einfaktorielle Struktur auf. Es zeigen sich signifikante Zusammenhänge zu Gewissenhaftigkeit (r = .33), Extraversion (r = .42), Beanspruchung (r = -.40; jeweils N = 81) und Leistungsmotivation (Furcht vor Misserfolg: r = -.49; Hoffnung auf Erfolg: r = .28; N = 170), die den bereits nachgewiesenen Bezie-hungen der Originalskala ähneln. Damit kann die ACSES als geeignete bereichs-übergreifende Skala zur Messung von CSE angesehen werden.

Jahrbuch der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2019Jahrbuch 2019 der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2019, p. 189

Many factors influence agricultural land, in particular, climate change show the most significant and serious effect on agricultural land in Phong Dien district. This study applied Binary Logistic analysis, using the SPSS software, on data collected through state agencies, fieldwork and interviews. The study has identified the impact of climate change on agricultural land by several factors; the most significant influence is derived from temperature and other extreme weather factors. In addition, the elements of rainfall, wind, and cold air also have a substantial impact on agricultural land causing serious consequences such as damage, loss of construction quality, overload of water supply and drainage systems, landslides, damage to infrastructure systems, etc. Some adaptive solutions to counteract the effects of climate change on agricultural land include changing crop structure, upgrading facilities, raising awareness of officials, and people about climate change. Công tác sử dụng đất nông nghiệp chịu ảnh hưởng từ rất nhiều yếu tố. Trong đó, yếu tố tác động của biến đổi khí hậu gây ảnh hưởng lớn và nghiêm trọng nhất đối với việc sử dụng đất nông nghiệp nói chung và trên địa bàn huyện Phong Điền nói riêng. Nghiên cứu đã sử dụng phân tích Binary Logistic trên phần mềm SPSS từ các số liệu thu thập được qua các cơ quan nhà nước, thực địa, phỏng vấn. Từ đó, nghiên cứu đã xác định được tác động của biến đổi khí hậu đến sử dụng đất nông nghiệp thông qua các yếu tố: Gây ảnh hưởng lớn nhất là yếu tố nhiệt độ và yếu tố cực đoan khác; ngoài ra, các yếu tố lượng mưa, chế độ gió và không khí lạnh cũng tác động không nhở vào việc sử dụng đất nông nghiệp. Các yếu tố này gây ra các hậu quả nghiêm trọng như làm hư hại, giảm chất lượng công trình, làm quá tải hệ thống cấp thoát nước, làm sạt lở, hư hại hệ thống cơ sở hạ tầng... Nghiên cứu đã đề xuất được một số giải pháp thích ứng của biến đổi khí hậu đến việc sử dụng đất nông nghiệp như thay đổi cơ cấu cây trồng, nâng cấp cơ sở vật chất, nâng cao nhận thức của cán bộ và người dân về biến đổi khí hậu.

Optimismus und Core Self-Evaluations (CSE) sind positiv mit Extraversion verbunden. Unklar ist bisher, wie diese Beziehung zustande kommt. Bezugnehmend auf die PSI-Theorie (Kuhl, 2001) und die Selbstregulationstheorie (Carver & Scheier, 2001) wird erwartet, dass positive Affektivität diesen Zusammenhang vermittelt. In einer Befragung von 191 Studierenden (93 weiblich) werden Optimismus (LOT-R), CSE (ACSES), positive Affektivität (bzw. Euthymie; STADI-T) und Extraversion (NEO-FFI-30) erhoben und die Daten mittels Regressionsanalysen nach Baron und Kenny (1986) auf den erwarteten Mediationseffekt untersucht. Für CSE wird der Zu-sammenhang zu Extraversion vollständig, für Optimismus annähernd vollständig über Euthymie vermittelt. Optimismus weist allerdings einen engeren Zusammen-hang zu Euthymie (r = .46) und Extraversion (r = .43) auf als CSE (r = .37 bzw. r = .32; jeweils p < .05). In einem multiplen Regressionsmodell, gemeinsamen mit Optimismus, trägt CSE zwar zur Erklärung von Euthymie, nicht jedoch von Extraversion bei. Optimismus weist insgesamt eine höhere Erklärungskraft auf, die auf die größere inhaltliche Breite des Konstrukts zurückgeführt wird, die den Einfluss von CSE auf Euthymie und Extraversion weitgehend einschließt. Insgesamt deuten die Ergebnisse jedoch darauf hin, dass positive Affektivität den Zusammenhang zwischen Optimismus, CSE und Extraversion erklärt und eine Mediatorfunktion ausübt.

Publikationen des Instituts für Geschichte und Theorie der Architektur und Stadt (GTAS)

Objective: The prevalence of overweight and obese people worldwide has quickly risen during the last few centuries causing millions of deaths from subsequent fatal conditions like cancer, diabetes type 2 and coronary heart disease. Between men and women, men are at even greater risk when overweight. In Germany, about one third of all men between 18 and 79 are overweight. Concurrently, men are distinctly underrepresented in all types of weight reduction and lifestyle change programs due to perceptions of male stereotypes and a lack of interventions fitting their socio-cultural backgrounds. The Scottish Professional Football League Trusts “Footballfans in Training” (FFIT) has been successful in recruiting overweight, middle-aged men to their health promotion program for years. Since its start in 2011 it has been evaluated as sustainably successful for its participants in terms of weight loss and lifestyle change. This work presents the evaluation of the German version of FFIT – Fußballfans im Training, initiated in 2016. Its goal was to evaluate whether the program could successfully be transferred to the German Bundesliga and replicate the results achieved in Scotland. Methods: The 12-week, men-only intervention was hosted by the Football clubs on their own training grounds coordinated by club trainers. The main foci of theoretics lay on nutrition, everyday exercise and behavior change. Physical activity was in average intensity and based on Football exercises if possible. The clubs mostly recruited their fans via their homepages and social media. All interested fans had to be 35 to 65 years old with a minimum BMI of 28 and a minimum waist circumference of 100 cm. After initial health checks all men were measured at the beginning of the courses as well as during the last session. The primary outcome was weight with additional anthropometric, behavioral and psychological outcomes as secondary results. In a non-randomized trial with a waiting list comparison group the program was evaluated for feasibility, effectiveness and key success factors. Results: The program was well-received by German Football clubs and their fans. Men recruited for the FFIT program between January 2017 and December 2018 took part in the evaluation. In a mixed multi-level regression analysis of 477 men (January 2017-July 2018) the results showed a significant weight loss of 6.24 kg (95 % CI: 5.82-6.66) compared to 0.50 kg (-0.47-1.49) in a comparison group recruited from waiting lists. Significant changes over time were also calculated for waist circumference, body fat percentage, all dietary behavior outcomes and sedentary time. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the strong effects. In an explorative analysis of predictors of successful weight loss (5 percent) in 791 men (age: M=49.28, weight: M=113.42 kg) from a total of 19 clubs (January 2017-December 2018), significant results could be presented for EAST (Emotional Attachment To a Sports Team), self-efficacy and some dietary behaviors as well as behavior changes. Discussion: The results of the German FFIT trial add to the understanding that men are successful in weight loss interventions once enrolled. The concept of developing programs that attract men with the cultural setting of professional sports started in Scotland and has since been substantiated by similar programs in different sports and countries. FFIT in Germany has been the largest trial of such replications since the original by the SPFLT. Its idea and success could be taken as one example for German health promotion practitioners how to approach the lack of men interested in most current offers. This could be but is not limited to professional sports as long as men are emotionally engaged. More research is needed to test the feasibility of FFIT’s inherent concept in different settings. Equally, to strengthen the evidence of it working in professional sports, more research on success factors and mechanisms is recommended.

Publikationen des Instituts für Geschichte und Theorie der Architektur und Stadt (GTAS)

Jahrbuch der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2019Jahrbuch 2019 der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, vol. 2019, p. 306

Bauen wird nicht nur in der Architekturausbildung und -praxis als ein Allheilmittel gesehen. Im Kontext der Wohnungskrise fordern die Wirtschaft, die Stadtgesellschaft und die Politik mehr Bauen. Mit der Globalisierung des Immobilienmarktes sind nun auch Gebäude zu einer Ware geworden, die als Kapitalanlage vermehrt werden will. Die Folgen des Wachstums auf einem begrenzen Planeten spüren wir bereits deutlich. Auch die Ressource Boden wird immer knapper, wie auch der Zugang zu Lebensräumen in unseren Städten. Die Herstellung der Masse an Neubau alleine bietet keineswegs eine Lösung. Diese Publikation ist ein Versuch, die Grenzen und Folgen des Bauens zu verstehen und Alternativen aufzuzeigen: wie wir nicht mehr bauen, sondern klüger. Wie wir nicht neue Flächen schaffen, sondern das nutzen, was da ist. Wie wir Gebäude nicht als Geschäft für Wenige, sondern als Gemeingut für Viele behandeln.

Mobilität ist einer der Schlüsselfaktoren für die Entstehung von Städten und weltweite Urbanisierung. Das urbane Mobilitätsverhalten heute unterliegt einem schnellen und paradigmatischen Wandel. Lebensstil- und bevölkerungsbedingte neue Mobilitätsbedarfe führen zu regionalspezifischen, ökologischen und verkehrsbedingten Problemen in wachsenden Ballungsräumen und sind ein limitierender Faktor für die Stadtentwicklung. Mobilität erhöht Lebenschancen, gleichzeitig schränken aber negative Auswirkungen die Lebensqualität in Städten, städtischen Regionen und ländlichen Gebieten ein. INTELLIGENTE MOBILITÄT entwickelt innovative datengetriebene Methoden für Forschung und Praxis, um die Komplexität individueller Mobilität verstehen zu lernen und darauf aufbauend Lösungen zur Steigerung der Effizienz, der Zugänglichkeit und der Nachhaltigkeit urbaner Mobilität und damit auch die Lebensqualität in Städten und urbanen Regionen zu entwerfen. Dies ist nur möglich durch das Zusammenwirken verschiedenster AkteurInnen und ExpertInnen aus Forschung und Praxis. Das Symposium INTELLIGENTE MOBILITÄT gibt Einblick in aktuelle Forschungen und Anwendungen. Es diskutiert mit WissenschaftlerInnen, ExpertInnen, EntscheidungsträgerInnen, PlanerInnen, EntwicklerInnen ua. die Herausforderungen und Potentiale ebenso wie konkrete Strategien der digitalen Transformation von Mobilität. Die Veranstaltung wird vom L3S Forschungszentrum an der Leibniz Universität Hannover und dem Institute for Sustainable Urbanism ISU an der Technischen Universität Braunschweig in Kooperation mit dem Konsortium des Forschungsprojekts Data4UrbanMobility (data4urbanmobility.l3s.uni-hannover.de) organisiert.

The ecosystem-based management (EBM) philosophy draws upon the principle that holistic understanding of the system to be governed needs to guide the decision-making process. However, empirical evidence is growing that knowledge integration is still a main bottleneck for EBM decision-makers. This paper argues that transdisciplinary knowledge management (TKM) is a key competence in achieving knowledge integration, while simultaneously it represents an underdeveloped research area in EBM if understood as a process of human interaction. Based on a literature review, this article summarizes and reflects upon the most recent development in the field of TKM. The paper presents a detailed definition and in-depth description of TKM as a process of human interaction and a diversity of organizational structures that effectuate TKM. Theoretically discussed premises are furthermore illuminated and evaluated by a case study that exemplifies pro-active development and implementation of TKM. Deviating case observations are presented as novel contributions to the field. They suggest new ideas and inspiration for future EBM research and policy agendas.

At present, the annual loads from long-term series simulations are mostly used for the evaluation of rainwater management and treatment measures although the relevance of the temporal distribution of both pollution and quantity has a recognizable influence on the performance of the treatment. With the idea of dynamizing the simulation output values in relation to (i) single rainfall events, (ii) specific catchment characteristics, and (iii) the duration of the dry period between two rainfall events measurement devices and scenario studies were established in a joint research project in Lower Saxony. First measurement results of surface runoff qualities of an urban sub-catchment in Braunschweig/Germany are presented in a high temporal definition for several pollution parameters. A correlation analysis was performed identifying additional explanatory parameters that have an influence on the first flush effect, such as rainfall characteristics or antecedent dry period. First calculations of the possible reduction in the decentralized storm water treatment by disconnecting the first flush showed values of 42–65%, depending on the pollution parameters. The comparative evaluation of the data with different statistical methods shows that the uncertainties in the calculation of rainwater pollution, or the duration of the first flush, are still very high and do not yet allow researchers to derive a pollution forecast for, e.g., a throttle control solely from the recording of the rain and area characteristics.