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In this study we present the serendipitous discovery of a terracotta musical instrument dating back to the Turdetanian period. The object in question is a female figurine with a whistle modeled on its reverse side and was found in the Laguna Dulce of Coto de Doñana, Huelva. The figurine exhibits significant wear and tear due to erosion and rolling, making the observation of its details challenging. This discovery occurred during field investigations focused on the impact of desiccation on the flora and fauna of the lagoon in September 2023. It is worth noting that the Laguna Dulce is part of a group of lagoons that were once much larger, and this figurine likely remained submerged until the recent drying of the body of water. This archaeological find provides valuable insights into the musical culture and history of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As is well known, all European Union (EU) countries have abolished the death penalty. Pursuant to Article 19.2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, they cannot extradite, surrender or deport a person if the extradition might foreseeably lead to a death conviction in the requesting state, or implies the risk of human rights violations such as torture and inhuman and degrading treatment contained in Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. This article first recalls the main European case law and treaties that establish the prohibition, then argues that this has led to a new model of international judicial cooperation in which human rights play a role at least as important as international relations and criminal prosecution. The article also addresses some of the unresolved problems this model poses: the difficulties of ‘exporting’ human rights; the contradictions and obstacles of conditional extraditions; the lack of ‘system’ and of criteria of case law that supports the new model; and whether or not it is possible to expand human rights protection, already present in extradition, to other fields such as intelligence information sharing or international military operations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The paper deals with the growing international presence of cities, motivated by globalization. It focuses on the main signs of that presence, and it stresses on the fact that self-government law is not anymore a internal matter of the States but is starting to be regulated by some international treaties (like the European Charter of Self Government) or -not yet through a treaty- by the UN. The paper concentrates also on how international human rights law is somewhat being adopted, even ratified, by some cities. International commercial arbitration (in bilateral investment treaties or in NAFTA) has a bearing on self government, when claims are brought by investors against a State about decisions or omissions of a municipality. All this is provoking some disruptions in international law, as well as in national law, mainly because only States have so far been recognized as international actors from a legal standpoint. The paper tries to face some of the legal problems that arise from this relatively new situation. And it draws some conclusions about the effects of globalization on local self government (both with respect to the central political powers and with respect to the markets). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]