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Pollen assemblages from lacustrine sediments that have known positions relative to mammal faunas in central and western Turkey are analysed. The stratigraphical order of the pollen samples is based on the stage of evolution of the associated mammal remains. The early Early Miocene pollen spectra indicate a flora dominated by mega-mesothermic elements such as Engelhardia and this flora reflects a subtropical climate. The decrease of mega-mesothermic elements during late Early Miocene suggests a slight decrease in temperature. During Middle Miocene a rich mixed forest flora including Quercus, Engelhardia, Zelkova, Parrotia persica, Alnus, Cedrus and Pinus indicative of a warm temperate climate are identified. The loss and decrease in abundance of several mesothermic elements indicates a possible climatic deterioration in Late Miocene. The Late Miocene flora reflects wide open areas with dominant Asteraceae. The Pliocene and Pleistocene palynofloras are similarly rich in herbs such as Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae and coniferous trees (Pinus, Tsuga, Cedrus, Abies) developed in a humid-temperate climatic condition. These palaeoclimatological interpretations are basically supported by the mammal faunas collected from the same localities., Yavuz Işik, N.; Ondokuz Mayis University, Civil Engineering Department, 55139 Kurupelit-Samsun, Turkey; email: nurdany@omu.edu.tr

One major strategy to incorporate social media in the organizational structure is erecting a ‘social media hub’, a relatively independent organization within a standing organization. The standing organization with its divisions do not change, but the hub has considerable possibilities to operate independently within and in between these divisions. The introduction of a social media hub has deep impact on the organization. New people with distinct competences are entering and have to find their positions. How to accommodate these ‘marsians’, these different employees claiming their autonomy to do their jobs well? Based on theory about ambidextrous organizations we formulated three hypothetical dilemmas, one about structure, one about behavior and one about leadership. These dilemmas have been input to interviews to four major companies erecting a social media hub. It is found that each company recognize the dilemmas, and each company has its own way out of the dilemmas, but just questions can be asked how durable these solutions are.

The small mammals from Çandir Loc. 2 are described. The rodents are represented by six families with thirteen species, the lagomorphs by one family with two species and the insectivores by four families with four species. The diverse rodent association with species that are endemic for the eastern Mediterranean area as well as species that are known from south western and central Europe does not allow an unequivocal correlation to the MN scale because the ranges of some of the latter do not overlap in the reference faunas. It is suggested that the traditional correlation of the Çandir fauna with MN6 has to be re-evaluated on the basis of the entire mammal content.

The Çankiri Basin is straddled between the Sakarya continent of the Pontides in the north and the Kirşehir Block of Taurides. It includes Neogene units more than 1 km in thickness. Eight Neogene formations and two distinct tectonic regimes are identified. The formations were dated using rodent fossils. They were mapped by remote-sensing techniques and their depositional environments and tectonic settings were established by field studies. The early and middle Miocene sediments were deposited in an extensional tectonic regime, which replaced the pre-Neogene thrust regime. The late Miocene to Pliocene age sediments were deposited in a compressional tectonic regime which gradually changed its character to regional transcurrent tectonics which has been operating in much of Turkey ever since.

The family Muridae dominates the Banovići (Bosnia and Herzegovina) rodent assemblage in diversity as well as in number of specimens. The glirids are the second in importance and the sciurids are only represented by few specimens. The composition of the assemblage is on species level quite unique and on genus level more similar to assemblages from the Earliest Miocene of Anatolia than to assemblages from the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene of Western Europe. In the latter area the murid genera Deperetomys, Mirrabella and Eumyarion are absent. The species of these genera from Banovići combine primitive and derived features and seem to represent the oldest member of their genus or even family, and do not fit in previously reconstructed evolutionary trends. The evolutionary history of the Spalacinae seems to be much more complex than thought so far. Theridomyidae and Eomyidae, typical for Late Oligocene Western European rodent assemblages, are absent in the Banovići assemblage as well as in the Anatolian ones. The Banovići assemblage is in this aspect also more similar to Anatolian rodent assemblages than to European ones. Newly named species are Bransatoglis bosniensis, Deperetomys magnus, Eumyarion margueritae, and in a new genus, Vetusspalax progressus. This small mammal study was combined with a magnetostratigraphic investigation of the sedimentary infill of the Banovići basin in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The age correlation of the fauna as well as the magnetostratigraphic data indicate an infill of the Banovići basin between 24–22 Ma. The rodent fauna is from the base of the basin infill, just below the major coal seam, and of an age of ~ 24 Ma

Pollen assemblages from lacustrine sediments that have known positions relative to mammal faunas in central and western Turkey are analysed. The stratigraphical order of the pollen samples is based on the stage of evolution of the associated mammal remains. The early Early Miocene pollen spectra indicate a flora dominated by mega-mesothermic elements such as Engelhardia and this flora reflects a subtropical climate. The decrease of mega-mesothermic elements during late Early Miocene suggests a slight decrease in temperature. During Middle Miocene a rich mixed forest flora including Quercus, Engelhardia, Zelkova, Parrotia persica, Alnus, Cedrus and Pinus indicative of a warm temperate climate are identified. The loss and decrease in abundance of several mesothermic elements indicates a possible climatic deterioration in Late Miocene. The Late Miocene flora reflects wide open areas with dominant Asteraceae. The Pliocene and Pleistocene palynofloras are similarly rich in herbs such as Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae and coniferous trees (Pinus, Tsuga, Cedrus, Abies) developed in a humid-temperate climatic condition. These palaeoclimatological interpretations are basically supported by the mammal faunas collected from the same localities.

In recent years, public organisations have been challenged to offer electronic services. This has caused a proliferation of disconnected web sites or web portals, often reflecting the internal structures (departments or sections) of these organizations. This paper shows that electronic public services can be improved if these services are designed based on the citizens’ life events, and are supported by a user-centric dynamic service composition approach. A user-centric service composition approach aims at creating orchestrations of available public services at runtime, according to the requirements of the citizens that ultimately use these services. This paper presents, evaluates and justifies our service composition approach, and discusses the prototype that we developed to demonstrate and evaluate this approach. It also shows that the life events strategy supported by our user-centric service composition approach is able to improve the overall experience of public services.

LC-MS is a powerful method for the sensitive detection of proteins and peptides in biological fluids. However, the presence of highly abundant proteins often masks those of lower abundance and thus generally prevents their detection and identification in proteomic studies. In human serum the most abundant proteins are albumin and gamma-globulins. We tested several approaches to specifically reduce the level of these proteins based on either specific antibodies, dye ligands (for albumin) and protein A or G (for gamma-globulins). The resulting, depleted serum was analyzed by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and LC-MS for the residual presence of these abundant proteins as well as for other serum proteins that should remain after depletion. To test the applicability of this method to real-life samples, depleted serum of a cervical cancer patient was analyzed for the presence of a specific tumor marker protein SCCA1 (squamous cell carcinoma antigen 1; P29508), which is present at ng/ml concentrations. The results demonstrate that SCCA1 can be detected by LC-MS in patient serum following depletion of albumin and gamma-globulins thus opening the possibility of screening patient sera for other, so far unknown, tumor markers.

We measured the maternal serum cancer antigen 125 (MS-CA 125) levels in 98 nonpregnant women, 765 first- and second-trimester pregnancies with chromosomally-normal fetuses, and 54 chromosomally-abnormal pregnancies. To determine the MS-CA 125 concentration, we used a new automated microparticle enzyme immunoassay with low inter-assay variability. The median MS-CA 125 level decreased from the first to the second trimester of pregnancy and was higher than that in non-pregnant women. We found no difference between normal and Down's syndrome (n = 29) pregnancies (t-test: t = 0.57, p > 0.5). The MS-CA 125 levels in pregnancies with other chromosomal abnormalities showed no difference either, compared with the normals. We conclude that MS-CA 125 is not a useful marker for fetal Down's syndrome, nor for other chromosomal disorders in pregnancy