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Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) in Spain and Mexico, focusing on microbial patterns, antibiotic resistance, infection sources, risk factors, and patient outcomes. Methods: Over 20 years, 705 endophthalmitis cases were reviewed, and we identified 78 cases of EE in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, and Mexico City, Mexico. Microbial etiology, infection sources, antibiotic resistance, and treatment outcomes were compared between patients from Spain and Mexico. Results: Among the 78 EE cases, 47 (60.25%) were from Spain and primarily had bacterial infections (57.1%, mainly Staphylococcus and Streptococcus). In contrast, 31 cases (39.74%) were from Mexico and had a higher prevalence of fungal infections, particularly Candida (47.1%). Diabetes mellitus was a significant risk factor, and was more common in Mexico (61.3%) than in Spain (37.0%). The Spanish cohort exhibited notable antibiotic resistance, especially in Staphylococcus. Treatment typically involved systemic and intraocular antibiotics, with vitrectomy performed in 61.5% cases. Post-treatment, bacterial infections had higher success rates (approximately 50%) compared with fungal infections (approximately 30%). Evisceration was necessary in 9% cases, and the overall mortality rate was approximately 4.4%; it was slightly higher in Mexico than in Spain. Conclusions: The study highlights significant regional differences in EE between Spain and Mexico, particularly regarding microbial etiology and antibiotic resistance. The findings emphasize the need to adapt healthcare practices to specific regions to improve EE treatment outcomes, underscoring the importance of ongoing research and interregional collaboration to better understand and manage this complex condition.

The prognosis of uveal melanoma is significantly influenced by the risk of metastasis, which varies according to clinical and genetic features. Driver mutations can predict the likelihood of disease progression and survival, although the data in the literature are inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of driver mutations, including GNAQ , GNA11 , BAP1 , and SF3B1 , in the advancement of uveal melanoma. A comprehensive search of databases yielded relevant studies, and data from 13 studies (848 eyes) were synthesized to assess the impact of these mutations on metastasis-free survival. The BAP1 mutation and negative immunohistochemistry were associated with a higher risk of metastasis (logHR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.05-1.83). GNAQ , GNA11 , and SF3B1 mutations did not show a significant increase in risk. In summary, BAP1 has proven to reliably predict the likelihood of disease progression in uveal melanoma, while further studies are needed to establish the significance of other driver mutations.

Purpose: Uveal melanoma is the most prevalent intraocular malignancy in adults, derived from uveal tract melanocytes. This study focuses on the frequency and risk of second primary malignancies in UM patients., Methods: A PubMed search (1980-2023) identified studies on SPM incidence in UM patients. From 191 references, 14 studies were chosen, focusing on UM, SPMs, and analysing data on demographics and types of neoplasms., Results: Among 31,235 UM patients in 14 studies, 4695 had 4730 SPMs (15.03% prevalence). Prostate (15%), breast (12%), and colorectal (9%) cancers were most common. Digestive system malignancies were highest (19%), with colorectal cancer leading (51%). Breast and prostate cancers were prevalent in respective systems. Lung, bladder, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were also notable. The study observed an increasing trend in the frequency of SPMs over time, reflecting broader trends in cancer survivorship and the growing prevalence of multiple malignancies., Conclusion: The study highlights a significant presence of SPMs in UM patients, with an increasing trend in frequency over time, emphasizing prostate and breast cancers. This underscores the need for focused surveillance and tailored follow-up for UM survivors, considering their higher risk of additional malignancies. Future research should further investigate SPM aetiology in UM patients., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)