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Caprine livestock are significant reservoirs of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), contributing to tuberculosis (TB) transmission among animals and humans. The P22 protein immunocomplex (P22PI), derived from bovine tuberculin, shows immunostimulating capacity and is used for TB diagnosis. This study assessed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of P22PI in two groups of goats: 24 naïve goats (12 immunised, 12 controls) from a TB-free herd, and 24 infected goats (12 immunised, 12 controls), referred to as pre-infected animals, from a M. bovis-infected herd. Both were exposed for 5 months to M. bovis-naturally infected goats. Reactors to single and comparative intradermal tuberculin (SIT and SCIT, respectively) tests and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) significantly increased (p

Introduction: All the surgeries carry risks, which may lead to readmission at a later date. At present, there is limited Trauma and Orthopaedic (T&O) specific data in the literature. As a result, a prospective regional service evaluation aimed to discover the current complication and readmission rates across all T&O procedures and identify any factors associated with these outcomes.Methods: Data were collected at six sites across Yorkshire and Humber for all T&O procedures during October 2016. Patient demographics and procedure-specific data were collected. Post-operative complications and length of stay were recorded. All the patients were then followed up for 30 days post-discharge to determine if they experienced complications which resulted in readmission and further surgical intervention.Results: 1411 patients having a total of 64 operations were recorded with 1391 completing follow-up (98.5%). Overall in-patient complication rate was 8.4% with the readmission rate being 4.4%. An ASA grade of three or more was found to be associated with readmission. Procedure-related factors such as the use of VTE prophylaxis and prophylactic antibiotics, as well as the elective nature of certain operations were negatively associated with readmission. The largest subgroup of patients was those undergoing total hip (THR) or knee replacements (TKR). For these 234 patients, the readmission rate for TKR and THR being 3.77% and 3.13%, respectively.Conclusions: This large, multi-centre project describes readmission rates following trauma and orthopaedic surgery. In the presented study, the elective nature of the procedure was associated with a reduced risk of readmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vapor nucleation induced by seed ions of controlled size and charge is studied for several monovalent positive and negative ions as well as divalent cations. Ions from dissolved salts are transferred into a gas via electrospray, purified by differential mobility selection, and introduced into a condensation nucleus counter of the mixing type using supersaturated dibutyl phthalate vapors. The number of drops nucleated on the ions is then measured as a function of the vapor supersaturation S. None of the anions tested is activated. Singly charged cations with mobilities Z from 0.48 up to 0.93 cm²/V/s are activated at values of ln S 30% smaller than predicted by Thomson's model. All doubly charged cations tested (Z from 0.46 to 1.08 cm²/V/s) fall very near the Thomson curve, independently of their size or of whether the double ionic charge is localized on one metal atom or on two separate monovalent sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information pertaining to the Taylor cone-jets of electrolytes in vacuo. Behavioral pattern of the Taylor cones of electrolytes of organic liquids and liquid metal ion sources; Information on the electrical conductivity variable; Attribution of these variations; Reference to experimental information.

Abstract: Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. a. paratuberculosis) isolates classifies them into three groups: cattle or Type II, sheep or Type I, and intermediate or Type III. To avoid problems associated with characterization of extremely slow growth strains, PCR-based techniques that divide the M. a. paratuberculosis strains in two main groups (cattle or Type II, and sheep or Types I/III) can be performed. The objectives of this study were to characterize the M. a. paratuberculosis isolates identified by different PCR-based tests (IS1311-PCR and restriction endonuclease analysis, PCR test based on a DNA sequence difference, and a PCR aimed at three Type I-specific loci), and to determine the clinical and epidemiological implications of Types I/III M. a. paratuberculosis strains in livestock. One hundred and fifty-eight M. a. paratuberculosis strains from domestic ruminants were analyzed. One hundred and six M. a. paratuberculosis isolates (61 from goats and 45 from cattle) were classified as Type II strains; and 52 (29 from cows, 20 from goats, and three from sheep) were included in the Types I/III. The Types I/III M. a. paratuberculosis strains were associated to Spanish native breeds. The majority of these animals had not been in direct or indirect contact with sheep flocks infected with M. a. paratuberculosis. This fact should be taken into account when implementing paratuberculosis control programs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]