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Background: To evaluate the antifungal activity of the red propolis hydroalcoholic extract (RPHE) against Candida albicans biofilms., Material and Methods: The minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC) of the RPHE were determined by the microdilution technique. C. albicans biofilms were formed on the surface of resin specimens preconditioned with artificial saliva (1h). The specimens (N=48) were equally divided according to the four solutions used for anti-biofilm evaluation (n=12 per group). After overnight incubation, biofilms were daily exposed (2x/day for 15 min) along 3 days with 3% RPHE, 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX), 50,000 IU/mL nystatin (NYS) or saline (0.9% NaCl). Biofilms were analyzed regarding the number of viable microorganisms (CFU/mL), the metabolic activity (MTT assay) and the proportion of hyphae (optical microscopy)., Results: The MIC and MFC of RPHE were respectively 0.29 mg/mL (0.03%) and 1.17 mg/mL (0.12%). There was no difference in the microorganisms' viability (CFU/mL) among groups treated with RPHE (4.92×103), CHX (3.33×102) or NYS (6.8×104), being all of them different from NaCl (3.93×107) ( p <0.05). The CHX (0.133) had the lowest metabolic activity ( p <0.05), followed by RPHE (0.292) and NYS (0.302) ( p >0.05). All experimental groups had a mean proportion of hyphae <10%, lower than NaCl (70%)., Conclusions: RPHE has antifungal activity against C. albicans biofilms, suggesting its use for the biofilm control on denture surfaces. Key words: Propolis, Candida albicans, biofilm, dentures, antifungal agents., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Medicina Oral S.L.)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of glycolic acid (GA) (with pH 1.2 and 5) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the chemical and mechanical properties of dentin to investigate the potential use of GA as final irrigant in the root canal therapy. Specifically, changes in microhardness, smear layer removal, erosion, mineral content distribution, apatite/collagen ratio and flexural strength of mineralized dentin treated with GA were assessed. Saline solution was used as a negative control. Knoop microhardness (KHN) was measured on the root canal lumen of root segments. Dentin beams were used for 3-point flexural strength (σ) test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of root sections were obtained for evaluation of smear layer removal and dentin erosion on root segments and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used for mineral content distribution. The apatite/collagen ratio (A/C) in dentin powder were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. KHN, σ and A/C results were statistically analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). Smear layer and dentin erosion scores were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 0.05). Root dentin treated with EDTA and GA presented similar KHN regardless of the pH (p > 0.05). However, KHN was significantly reduced in EDTA and GA groups when compared to control group (p<0.001). GA showed the same ability to remove the smear layer and to cause dentin erosion as EDTA. EDS results showed that the GA and EDTA solutions did not alter the dentin mineral content distribution. The apatite/collagen ratio reduced with all irrigant solution and was the lowest with GA pH 5 (p<0.001), while σ was not significantly affected by the experimental solutions (p = 0.559). It can be concluded that GA has similar ability to remove the smear layer than EDTA. GA does not affect negatively the chemical/mechanical properties and it does not increase dentin erosion. The use of GA with low pH seems to promote less change in collagen/apatite ratio, but further studies are needed to establish an ideal clinical protocol. Therefore, this study supports the potential use of GA as an alternative final irrigation solution for root canal preparation.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection transmitted by the bite of infected female sandflies. It principally affects the skin, and the frequency of mucosal involvement is about 5% to 20%. Considering the rarity of leishmaniasis affecting the upper aerodigestive tract mucosa, we evaluated the characteristics of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and mucosal leishmaniasis and the diagnostic difficulty when the parasites are scarce in tissue samples. The clinical, histopathological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of 17 cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and mucosal leishmaniasis were assessed. Mucosal disease was principally found in the soft palate, oropharynx, and nose, manifesting mainly as a solitary ulcer. In hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, 10 cases revealed abundant amastigotes within the macrophages. Giemsa staining was not shown to be helpful to confirm the diagnosis in 6 cases with scarce or nondetectable amastigotes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed high sensitivity by positive staining in 14 out of 17 cases (82.3%). Polymerase chain reaction was shown to be more sensitive than IHC with 13 out of 14 (92.8%) positive cases, including the 3 IHC negative cases; however, this technique is not available in many endemic regions. In summary, we suggest that the IHC is a simple technique with rapid results and relatively low cost, when compared with other laboratorial procedures; thus, IHC is a helpful tool that should be implemented in the routine diagnosis of leishmania.

Primary aluminum production is an uninterrupted and complex process that must operate in a closed loop, hindering possibilities for experiments to improve production. In this sense, it is important to have ways to simulate this process computationally without acting directly on the plant, since such direct intervention could be dangerous, expensive, and time-consuming. This problem is addressed in this paper by combining real data, the artificial neural network technique, and clustering methods to create soft sensors to estimate the temperature, the aluminum fluoride percentage in the electrolytic bath, and the level of metal of aluminum reduction cells (pots). An innovative strategy is used to split the entire dataset by section and lifespan of pots with automatic clustering for soft sensors. The soft sensors created by this methodology have small estimation mean squared error with high generalization power. Results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach to soft sensors in the aluminum industry that may improve process control and save resources.

Objective: To understand the health integrality in the daily work of Family Health Strategy (FHS) and its concept according to the managers in Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil., Methodology: This is a multiple case study of holistic and qualitative approach based on the Quotidian Comprehensive Sociology. The subjects were workers of the Family Health Strategy teams, the support team and managers in a total of 48., Results: The results show the integrality as a principle of life and right to health and to contemplate it in the quotidian of doings in health, others principles of the Unified Health System may be addressed consecutively. The universal right to health care needs is declared in contemplation of integrity of being, the idealization of a subject-centered care, one that is our aim in health care, which signals a step towards a change of attitude in seeking comprehensive care., Conclusion: It is considered that the principle of integrality is a difficult accomplishment in its dimensions.

In the context of the Unified Health System (SUS), health actions and services constitute a social right to be guaranteed by the State and managed under the responsibility of three autonomous spheres of government. This is a holistic multiple case study with a qualitative approach based on the assumptions of Comprehensive Everyday Sociology, which originated from a PhD thesis. It sought to understand the construction of comprehensive health practices in the daily work of family health teams and managers of the cities in Vale do Jequitinhonha - Minas Gerais, Brazil. The individuals studied were professionals from the Family Health Teams, support staff and managers with a total of 48 participants. In order to reveal the construction of the whole, the data show that "SUS is universal, but quotas are the norm." Bearing in mind its limitations, it is difficult to ensure that SUS is a right for all. Thus, regulation is essential to order, guide, define and optimize the use of resources available for comprehensive care and also guarantee public access to actions and services in a timely and equitable manner.

The objective of this qualitative case study was to present the understanding that health care workers and administrators of Belo Horizonte have about comprehensive care. Thirty-two workers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis showed that comprehensiveness permeates the various levels of health care, adding the concept of health promotion. Interdisciplinary work emerges as a key element for the health care practice, which is made effective by sharing feelings. On the other hand, data show that comprehensive health care is only made effective provided that basic conditions are present, and services often do not provide those conditions. In conclusion, it is necessary to eliminate the fragmentations that exist in the form of health care organization as well as in the everyday practice of health care workers at the referred services so that it is possible to offer comprehensive, problem-solving care and humanize health care practices always aiming at the quality of life of the population.

Background: Surface topography and porosity of barrier membranes is suggested to impact the soft and hard tissue response. In this study, the specific soft and hard tissue response characteristics of a synthetic polylactide membrane are evaluated including soft tissue inflammation, osteogenesis, and osteopromotion., Methods: Analysis of porosity and surface topography of the test material was performed by scanning electron microscopy. Transosseous parietal defects were surgically created bilaterally in 32 BalbC/ByJ mice and treated either with the barrier (test) or sham-operated (control). Healing was assessed histologically and histomorphometrically with quantification of bone bridging., Results: Scanning electron microscopy analyses of the barrier revealed a microstructure resembling cancellous bone. Interconnecting pores and channels, measuring between 6 and 60 microm in diameter, formed by smooth internal walls were observed throughout the device. Two distinct patterns of porosity were observed. The external surface of the membrane was characterized by a highly porous structure, with minimal interporous nodes and average pore sizes ranging between 6 and 20 microm in diameter. The internal surface was characterized by a minimal porous structure, with significant interporous nodes and average pore sizes ranging between 18 and 60 mum in diameter. Histomorphometric analyses demonstrated increased bone bridging by 60% and 300% in membrane-treated sites after 14 and 28 days of healing, respectively. The rough surface of the barrier contained significantly more giant cells, whereas the smooth surface contained significantly more inflammatory cells., Conclusion: The surface topographies engineered on different sides of the barrier promote differential soft tissue responses leading, however, to similar amounts of enhanced bone formation.

Background: The treatment of molar furcation defects remains a considerable challenge in clinical practice. The degree of success in the management of furcation involvement is highly variable and inversely related to initial probing depth (PD) measurements in these lesions. The identification of clinical measurements influential to the treatment outcomes is critical to optimize the results of surgical periodontal therapy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical response of mandibular buccal Class II furcation lesions to a combined regenerative treatment modality., Methods: Sixty patients were divided into two (n = 30) treatment groups. An experimental combined regenerative therapy (ET) was compared to open flap debridement (OFD). The ET was a combination of a composite graft consisting of bioabsorbable hydroxyapatite and tetracycline (3:1), a guided tissue regeneration barrier, and a coronally advanced flap. The clinical variables evaluated were plaque, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, PD, vertical attachment level (VAL), horizontal attachment level (HAL), furcation vertical height, furcation horizontal depth, and the amount of tissue under the barrier membrane at uncovering. Reevaluation was performed 12 months after the surgical procedure., Results: Both treatments resulted in improvements in all clinical variables evaluated. Postoperative measurements revealed a reduction in PD of 3.65 +/- 0.6 mm and 0.60 +/- 1.0 mm; VAL gains of 3.05 +/- 0.6 mm and 0.65 +/- 0.6 mm and HAL gains of 3.45 +/- 1.3 mm and 0.55 +/- 0.7 mm in the ET and OFD groups, respectively. In the ET group, significant positive correlations were found between baseline PD and PD reduction at 12 months, and the initial VAL correlated positively with PD reduction and HAL gain. The horizontal furcation depth and amount of tissue formed under the membrane at uncovering correlated positively with PD reduction and HAL and VAL gains. For the OFD group, the initial PD correlated positively with PD reduction and VAL and HAL gains and correlated negatively with recession. Initial VAL correlated positively with PD reductions and VAL and HAL gains. The initial HAL correlated negatively with recession at 12 months., Conclusions: ET exhibited significantly better clinical results, with more PD reduction, HAL and VAL gains, and a higher frequency of furcation closure compared to OFD and showed promise as a regenerative treatment technique. The ability to predict a response to treatment based upon pretreatment parameters was not consistent between groups; thus, prediction of treatment outcomes based on pretreatment measurements should be carefully evaluated for each treatment modality.

Purpose: Soft tissue closure is mandatory for optimal healing of extraction sites treated via guided bone regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a flap design based on the extension of palatal tissues to obtain and maintain soft tissue coverage over grafted extraction sockets., Materials and Methods: Adult patients (n = 22) with at least two teeth indicated for extraction were treated. After atraumatic extraction, control sockets were filled with a composite graft (1:1) containing demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts and Bio-Oss. Experimental sockets were treated identically, except that an Atrisorb absorbable barrier membrane was also placed over the graft material before flap closure, which was obtained, in all sockets, by the coronal extension of a vascularized pedicle dissected from the periosteal aspect of the palate., Results: Primary tension-free wound closure was achieved at all treated sites. Exfoliation of the graft material during healing was not observed in either treatment group. High levels of soft tissue closure were maintained throughout the study period for both treatment groups, and membrane exposure was observed in only 7% of treated sites., Conclusion: On the basis of this study it appears that the reported technique was an adequate method of achieving and maintaining complete soft tissue coverage and promoting healing by primary intention in grafted extraction sockets in humans.

This article discusses the theory and practice of health and education, beginning with the notion of the hegemony (in health education practice) of strategies linked to the notion that to grasp established knowledge always leads to the acquisition of new behaviors and practices. Five different axioms have oriented education and health practices, either juxtaposed or at different moments: (1) the notion of overcoming the determination of knowledge over practices; (2) the determination of representations over practices; (3) the analysis of representations within the traditional framework of right and wrong; (4) reciprocity between representations and practices; and (5) the importance of considering practices amenable to re-elaboration through representations, thus situating experience in understanding subjects' illness processes, as well as the way subjects culturally construct illness. The article highlights the need for a link between social representations and illness-as-experience in health education practices.

Descriptive study with objective to delimit the profile of the manager of the UBS of Belo Horizonte. They had been collected given from a basic script of a sample of 46.45% of controlling of 127 UBS. The managemental picture is composed in the majority for women, nurses, with age between 36 and 50 years, exerting the management has more than 5 years, with knowledge acquired in the graduation. For the reach of the resolution the management demand individual attributes that surpass the knowledge acquired in formal programs of qualification. Intent for the necessity of the city to assume the commitment with the qualification of its controlling, being endorsed them with complementary knowledge in face to the requirements of the politics of management of the SUS.