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This study aims to comprehensively examine the determinants of household poverty in Brazil, placing a specific emphasis on the heads of households as the primary unit of analysis. Household poverty is a critical and multifaceted issue in developing countries, a reality that holds true for Brazil as well. Understanding the intricate web of factors that contribute to household poverty is of paramount importance to policymakers, researchers, and advocates dedicated to poverty alleviation and socioeconomic development. Household poverty remains a persistent challenge in Brazil, with far-reaching social and economic consequences. To address this issue effectively, it is essential to identify the factors that contribute to poverty among households, particularly those led by individuals who are the primary income earners. These households often face unique economic and social challenges that demand targeted interventions. To analyze household poverty determinants, this study utilizes data from the "Pesquisa Nacional por Amostras de Domicílios Contínua" (Continuous National Household Sample Survey) (PNADC). The dataset provides comprehensive information on the individual characteristics of the household head and household-level attributes, offering a nuanced view of the factors at play. A probit model is employed to estimate the probability of a household head experiencing poverty, allowing for a examination of various factors. The research findings reveal several significant determinants of household poverty in Brazil. Firstly, households led by men are found to be less likely to be in a situation of poverty, shedding light on gender-related disparities in income and opportunities. Secondly, households with heads who have attained higher levels of education exhibit a lower probability of being in poverty, underscoring the importance of education as a pathway out of poverty. Moreover, urban households are found to be less prone to poverty compared to their rural counterparts, since households led by individuals who work in agricultural-related activities are more likely to experience poverty. This emphasizes the need for targeted rural development strategies. Additionally, households located in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil face a higher likelihood of poverty, possibly due to regional economic disparities that require specific policy attention. These findings have important policy implications for poverty alleviation efforts in Brazil. Policymakers should consider targeted interventions that focus on improving access to education, particularly in regions with higher poverty rates, as education is a powerful tool for poverty reduction. Efforts to promote gender equality and enhance economic opportunities in rural areas are also essential to address the diverse causes of poverty. Additionally, regional disparities in poverty should be addressed through comprehensive regional development initiatives that take into account the unique challenges faced by different areas of the country. Our results also highlight the importance of community-specific social programs, including conditional-cash transfers and incentives for childhood education, which can play a pivotal role in breaking the cycle of poverty in Brazil's diverse communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is one of the most dynamic social movements and, as a phenomenon, the migration process can be motivated by personal or conjunctural interests, and more intense in less developed countries, such as Haiti. With strong growth in the 2000s, the Haitian migration flow is associated with social, economic, political conflicts and natural disasters. Therefore, this article aimed to understand the migratory process in Haiti, identifying the specificities that have generated the intensification of this phenomenon in the country. To this end, a bibliographic survey was conducted on migratory theories, brief characterization of the phenomenon in Haiti and analysis of development indicators GDP, HDI and data on migration in Haiti between 1999 and 2019. From the survey on the migration process in Haiti, 488 papers were selected, 255 in English, 124 in Portuguese, 10 in French and 9 in Spanish, as well as reports on the social reality of the country. It can be noted that there are few studies on internal migration in Haiti, and most of the studies deal superficially with this process. In general, the migration issue is intrinsically associated with socioeconomic issues and lack of public policy regarding sustainable development. the country, making necessary policy measures to cool the increase in this migration and provide improvement in development indicators such as GDP and HDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the environmental sustainability of the traditional Atalaia community, in the municipality of Canavieiras, Bahia, Brazil. The research undertaken uses a qualitative and quantitative approach. For this purpose, sustainability indicators were used, covering the social, economic, and natural resources dimensions. The scale adopted was the ordinal from 0 to 4, with the following intervals: from 0 to < 0.8 (critical sustainability); from 0.8 to < 1.6 (low sustainability); from 1.6 to < 2.4 (average sustainability); from 2.4 to < 3.2 (medium-high sustainability); and from 3.2 to 4 (high sustainability). The results of the study show that, in general, the community of Atalaia has average environmental sustainability, general index of 2.100. In all three dimensions considered, an average environmental sustainability was also achieved, in the social dimension it obtained 2.238, in the economic dimension it obtained 1.686 and in the dimension of natural resources it obtained 2,377. The aspects of health and transportation infrastructure were those identified by the community as the ones most in need of attention and improvement actions. This indicates the need to implement effective actions aimed at these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the socioeconomic effects of eucalyptus cultivation on the development of producing municipalities in the state of Bahia, Brazil. As a methodology, it was made a recent panoramic analysis of the production of logs for pulp and paper production in the main Brazilian producing states; characterization of forestry in the state of Bahia; Identification of possible influences of the productive activity on the economy of the studied municipalities, through economic data and the agrarian structure analysis; Possible social transformations in the municipalities studied were analyzed through socioeconomic data. According to the results, it is noted that the expansion of the activity in question generated a greater concentration of land due to the increase in the number of large rural properties, migration of the rural population to urban areas, and also, it was unable to provide benefits for population from these locations, from the point of view of the socioeconomic indicators analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a brief overview of the recent transformation undergone by the Cacao-growing Microregion of Bahía (Brazil), emphasizing the main endogenous and exogenous factors that contributed to the process of regional transformation. The methodology involved bibliographic research considering i) articles published in scientific journals; (ii) articles available in specialized online journals and in printed books; (iii) socioeconomic secondary-data drawn from the websites of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (ibge), Datasus, and undp; (iv) as well as the production of cartographic documents (maps). For decades, the prevalence of cacao monoculture has marked the local socioeconomic scenario in a substantial manner. The last of the three main crises in this sector has contributed significantly to rural and socioeconomic changes in the landscape, which brought about a process of socioeconomic reorganization and a resignification of the micro-region. The main endogenous factors identified were: a severe crisis in cacao growing due to low water levels; brown rot, and infestation by crinipellis perniciosa (witches' broom); lack of modernization of production; decapitalization and indebtedness of cacao growers; and bankruptcy of industrial and commercial companies. The main exogenous factors identified were: macroeconomic instability; overproduction of cacao in other countries; decrease in product prices; structural changes in Brazil; and transformations due to globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the irregular occupation in the Sagrado Coração de Jesus neighborhood, located in a permanent preservation area, within the city of Itajuípe, South of Bahia, Brazil. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effects of mitigating actions adopted by established political authorities and social control within the city area of Itajuípe, Bahia. The occupancy began in 2002 when the first irregular construction appeared. We develop a study to analyze this situation, using statistical instruments through measures of central tendency. The formal document called Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta among constituted town authorities defined the main public actions for the desoccupancy of this area. It was observable that the city administration of Itajuípe fulfilled, totally or partially, the actions agreed with the Public Ministry of Bahia, though the desoccupancy did occur as a whole. Two perspectives analyze the effects resulting from this desoccupancy: environmental, the joint actions allowed the area to recover by replanting of native trees, where previously were houses; social point of view, the transferred families still require numerous services such as adequate basic sanitation, garbage collection, drainage, pavement, and sanitary sewage. Thus, the result of the agreement was positive, but it still needs adjustments to provide a better quality of housing for families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]