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The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of drought and flooding on the photosynthetic activity of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindh), cultivar 'America'. We analyzed the chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf gas exchange in plants, with approximately 12 months, grown in greenhouse and subjected to water deficit. Analyses were initiated two days after the onset of drought and one day after the flooding, resulting in four evaluations during the maintenance of stress. Net photosynthesis was reduced by stomatal limitation in both stresses. The condition of water restriction did not alter the maximum quantum yield. The photosynthetic performance indexes showed differences between stresses, featuring the plants of plum cv America as the most susceptible to drought than flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]