Search

Chlamydia pecorum causes subclinical infections in cattle, but sporadic, bovine encephalomyelitis cases have been reported in calves and documented in two instances in European buffalo. An outbreak of Chlamydia pecorum -induced encephalomyelitis and serositis occurred in 3-month-old buffalo calves from Brazil. Initially presenting with pelvic limb incoordination, the calves progressed to lateral recumbency, depression, and death. Necropsies of two calves revealed encephalomyelomalacia, fibrin deposition on the external surface of the pericardium (case 1) and pleural and pericardial fibrosis (case 2). Microscopically, a multifocal to coalescing, necrotizing, neutrophilic and lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis with fibrinoid vasculitis and thrombosis was present. Anti- Chlamydia antibody labeling was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Bacteriological examination yielded no pathogenic bacteria in the brain or lungs. Chlamydia pecorum was confirmed by PCR. This work describes the gross, histopathological, microbiological, and molecular findings in two cases from an outbreak of Chlamydia pecorum -induced disease in buffalo calves., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Aim: Maternal caffeine crosses the placenta and mammary barriers, reaching the baby and, because his/her caffeine metabolism is immature, our hypothesis is that even a low caffeine intake (250 mg/day), lower than the dose limit recommended by the World Health Organization, can promote caffeine overexposure in the offspring, leading to short- and long-term changes., Main Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats received intragastric caffeine (CAF) (25 mg/Kg/day) or vehicle during the gestation and lactation periods. We evaluated morphometrical, metabolic, hormonal, and behavioral parameters of male and female offspring at different ages., Key Findings: Even a low caffeine intake promoted lower maternal body mass and adiposity, higher plasma cholesterol and lower plasma T3, without changes in plasma corticosterone. Female CAF offspring exhibited lower birth weight, body mass gain and food intake throughout life, and hyperinsulinemia at weaning, while male CAF offspring showed reduced food intake and lower plasma T3 at weaning. At puberty and adulthood, male CAF showed higher preference for palatable food, aversion to caffeine intake and higher locomotor activity, while female CAF only showed lower preference for high fat diet (HFD) and lower anxiety-like behavior. At adulthood, both male and female offspring showed higher plasma T3. Male CAF showed hypertestosteronemia, while female CAF showed hypoinsulinemia without effect on glucose tolerance., Significance: A low caffeine intake during the perinatal period affects rat's offspring development, promoting sex-dependent hormonal and behavior changes. Current data suggest the need to review caffeine recommendations during the perinatal period., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This article aims to explore the integration of ChatGPT, an advanced conversational artificial intelligence model, in the field of dentistry. The review primarily consists of information related to the capabilities and functionalities of ChatGPT and how these abilities can aid dental professionals. This study includes data from research papers, case studies, and relevant literature on language models, as well as papers on dentistry, patient communication, dental education, and clinical decision-making. A systematic approach was used to select relevant studies and literature. The selection criteria focused on papers that specifically discussed the integration of language models, ChatGPT in particular, in dentistry and their applications. The study findings revealed that ChatGPT has significant potential to revolutionize dentistry by offering various applications and benefits. It can enhance patient engagement and understanding through personalized oral health information and guidance. In dental education, ChatGPT can provide interactive learning, case studies, and virtual patient simulations. ChatGPT can also assist researchers in analyzing dental literature, identifying patterns, and generating insights. Moreover, it supports dentists with evidence-based recommendations, treatment options, and diagnostic support. Integrating ChatGPT in dentistry can be highly beneficial, but it is crucial to address ethical considerations, accuracy, and privacy concerns. Responsible implementation and continuous improvement of its functionalities are necessary to ensure that patient care and outcomes are improved., Competing Interests: No conflicts of interest reported.

Tributyltin (TBT) is the chemical substance commonly used worldwide to prevent biofouling of vessels. Due to its ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify, even after being banned, significant concentrations of TBT can be detected in sediment, affecting marine and human life. Although studies have shown that direct exposure to TBT alters physiological parameters in mammals, the relationship between exposure to TBT during pregnancy and lactation, considered critical windows for metabolic programming, has not been fully elucidated. Our hypothesis is that offspring whose mothers were exposed to TBT during critical stages of development may exhibit dysfunctions in endocrine-metabolic parameters. We used pregnant Wistar rats that were divided into groups and received the following treatments from gestational day 7 until the end of lactation by intragastric gavage: vehicle (ethanol 0.01%; Control), low TBT dose (100 ng/kg of body weight (bw)/day; TBT100ng) and high TBT dose (1000 ng/kg bw/day; TBT1000ng). Dams and offspring at birth and weaning (21 days old) were studied. Maternal exposure to TBT promoted dose-dependent changes in dams. The findings for adiposity, milk composition and lipid profile were more pronounced in TBT100 ng dam; however, thyroid morphology was altered in TBT1000 ng dam. Female offspring were differentially affected by the dose of exposure. At birth, females in the TBT100ng group had low body weight, lower naso-anal length (NAL), and higher plasma T4, and at weaning, females in the TBT100ng group had lower insulin and leptin levels. Females in the TBT1000ng group had lower NAL at birth and lower leptinemia and weight of white adipose tissue at weaning. Male offspring from TBT groups showed high T3 at birth, without biometric alterations at birth or weaning. Despite these findings, both sexes exhibited dose-dependent morphological changes in the thyroid gland. Thus, maternal exposure to TBT constitutes an important route of contamination for both dams and offspring., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Amyloidosis exhibits a variable spectrum of systemic signs and oral manifestations that can be difficult to diagnose. This study aimed to characterize the clinical, demographic, and microscopic features of amyloidosis in the oral cavity., Methods: This collaborative study involved three Brazilian oral pathology centers and described cases with a confirmed diagnosis of amyloidosis on available oral tissue biopsies. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. H&E, Congo-red, and immunohistochemically stained slides were analyzed., Results: Twenty-six oral biopsies from 23 individuals (65.2% males; mean age: 59.6 years) were included. Oral involvement was the first sign of the disease in 67.0% of cases. Two patients had no clinical manifestation in the oral mucosa, although the histological analysis confirmed amyloid deposition. Amyloid deposits were distributed in perivascular (88.0%), periacinar and periductal (80.0%), perineurial (80.0%), endoneurial (33.3%), perimuscular (88.2%), intramuscular (94.1%), and subepithelial (35.3%) sites as well as around fat cells (100.0%). Mild/moderate inflammation was found in 65.4% of cases and 23.1% had giant cells., Conclusions: Amyloid deposits were consistently found in oral tissues, exhibiting distinct deposition patterns. Oral biopsy is less invasive than internal organ biopsy and enables the reliable identification of amyloid deposits even in the absence of oral manifestations. These findings corroborate the relevance of oral biopsy for the diagnosis of amyloidosis., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Dysplasia grading systems for oral epithelial dysplasia are a source of disagreement among pathologists. Therefore, machine learning approaches are being developed to mitigate this issue., Methods: This cross-sectional study included a cohort of 82 patients with oral potentially malignant disorders and correspondent 98 hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole slide images with biopsied-proven dysplasia. All whole-slide images were manually annotated based on the binary system for oral epithelial dysplasia. The annotated regions of interest were segmented and fragmented into small patches and non-randomly sampled into training/validation and test subsets. The training/validation data were color augmented, resulting in a total of 81,786 patches for training. The held-out independent test set enrolled a total of 4,486 patches. Seven state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks were trained, validated, and tested with the same dataset., Results: The models presented a high learning rate, yet very low generalization potential. At the model development, VGG16 performed the best, but with massive overfitting. In the test set, VGG16 presented the best accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (62%, 62%, 66%, and 65%, respectively), associated with the higher loss among all Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) tested. EfficientB0 has comparable metrics and the lowest loss among all convolutional neural networks, being a great candidate for further studies., Conclusion: The models were not able to generalize enough to be applied in real-life datasets due to an overlapping of features between the two classes (i.e., high risk and low risk of malignization)., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Context: It is unclear whether immersion in cool water, typical of many beaches, increases the concentration of blood glucose in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)., Objective: To test the hypothesis in individuals with T1DM that immersion neck-deep in cool water (COOL) causes an increase in blood glucose concentration, but not exposure to thermoneutral water (THERMO) or thermoneutral air., Methods: Eight overnight-fasted participants with T1DM were exposed for 60 minutes on separate days to 3 experimental conditions: cool water (COOL, 23 °C); thermoneutral water (THERMO, 33.5 °C); or thermoneutral air (24 °C). They then recovered for 60 minutes on land at 24 °C. At time intervals, we measured: blood glucose and plasma insulin concentration, rate of carbohydrate and fat oxidation, skin and core temperature, subcutaneous blood flow, and shivering via electromyography., Results: There was no change in blood glucose concentration during the 3 experimental conditions ( P > .05). During recovery after COOL, blood glucose increased ( P < .05) but did not change in the other 2 conditions. The rate of carbohydrate oxidation during and early after COOL was higher than in the other 2 conditions ( P < .05), and COOL led to a decrease in subcutaneous blood flow and the concentration of plasma insulin ( P < .05)., Conclusion: Cool or thermoneutral neck-deep immersion in water does not cause a change in the concentration of blood glucose in people with T1DM, but on-land recovery from COOL causes an increase in blood glucose that may be due, at least in part, to the accompanying decrease in plasma insulin., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.)

Background: Subgemmal neurogenous plaques (SNP) are composed of neural structures found in the posterolateral portion of the tongue, rarely biopsied as most of them are asymptomatic or eventually only clinically managed. We aimed to investigate a case series of possible correlation of symptomatic subgemmal neurogenous plaque (SNP) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)., Methods: Eleven formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cases from patients with previous confirmed COVID-19 (by RT-PCR) were retrieved from two pathology files. Histological sections were morphologically studied, and then submitted to immunohistochemical reactions against S-100 and neurofilament proteins, neuron-specific enolase, Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), synaptophysin, CD56, Ki67, cytokeratins (7, 8-18, 19, 20), nucleocapsid and spike proteins (SARS-CoV-1; and -2) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) antibodies. Clinical data were retrieved from the patients' medical files, including the symptoms and the complete history of the progression of the disease., Results: The patients who had COVID-19 included in this study experienced painful lesions in the tongue that corresponded to prominent or altered SNP. Microscopically, neural structures were positive for S-100, GFAP and neurofilament protein. And the cellular proliferative index (by Ki-67) was very low., Conclusion: Thus, based on the current results, we hypothesize that symptomatic SNP may be a late manifestation of COVID-19 infection., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: To evaluate the prevalence and clinicopathological features of a large series of gingival neoplasms in Brazil., Material and Methods:  All gingival benign and malignant neoplasms were retrieved from the records of six Oral Pathology Services in Brazil, during a 41-year period. Clinical and demographic data, clinical diagnosis, and histopathological data were collected from the patients' clinical charts. For statistical analysis, the chi-square, median test of independent samples and the U Mann-Whitney tests were used, considering a significance of 5%., Results:  From 100,026 oral lesions, 888 (0.9%) were gingival neoplasms. There were 496 (55.9%) males, with a mean age of 54.2 years. Most cases (70.3%) were malignant neoplasms. Nodules (46.2%) and ulcers (38.9%) were the most common clinical appearance for benign and malignant neoplasms, respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma (55.6%) was the most common gingival neoplasm, followed by squamous cell papilloma (19.6%). In 69 (11.1%) malignant neoplasms, the lesions were clinically considered to be inflammatory or of infectious origin. Malignant neoplasms were more common in older men, appeared with larger size, and with a time of complaint shorter than benign neoplasms (p<0.001)., Conclusions:  Benign and malignant tumors may appear as nodules in gingival tissue. In addition, malignant neoplasms, especially squamous cell carcinoma, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent single gingival ulcers.

Oral potentially malignant disorders represent precursor lesions that may undergo malignant transformation to oral cancer. There are many known risk factors associated with the development of oral potentially malignant disorders, and contribute to the risk of malignant transformation. Although many advances have been reported to understand the biological behavior of oral potentially malignant disorders, their clinical features that indicate the characteristics of malignant transformation are not well established. Early diagnosis of malignancy is the most important factor to improve patients' prognosis. The integration of machine learning into routine diagnosis has recently emerged as an adjunct to aid clinical examination. Increased performances of artificial intelligence AI-assisted medical devices are claimed to exceed the human capability in the clinical detection of early cancer. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review is to introduce artificial intelligence terminology, concepts, and models currently used in oncology to familiarize oral medicine scientists with the language skills, best research practices, and knowledge for developing machine learning models applied to the clinical detection of oral potentially malignant disorders., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: A poor patient adherence often limits the real-world effectiveness of an oral disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study, we aimed to map patient preferences, attitudes toward treatment, and quality of life to identify the predictors of non-adherence to teriflunomide. Methods: This was a single-arm, non-interventional, multicenter study (Czech Act 378/2007 Coll.) consisting of three visits: the first at treatment initiation (teriflunomide 14 mg), and then after 3 and 9 months of therapy. We enrolled both DMT-naïve and patients who had undergone a DMT diagnosed with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) or relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The functional status and MS activity were estimated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and annualized relapse rate (ARR); the quality of life via the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29); the medication adherence with the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8); the confidence in the ability to take medications by the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Score (SEAMS); and the attitude to the therapy via the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ). After nine months of therapy, we predicted the adherence to teriflunomide (MMAS-8) by fitting a multivariate ordinal logistic model with EDSS changes, gender, previous DMT, MSIS-29, BMQ, and SEAMS as the explanatory variables. Results: Between 2018 and 2019, 114 patients were enrolled at 10 sites in the Czech Republic. The mean age was 41.2 years, 64.8% were diagnosed with a CIS, 52.4% were DMT-naïve, and 98.1% of patients preferred an oral administration at the baseline. The mean EDSS baseline was 1.97 and remained constant during the 9 months of therapy. The ARR baseline was 0.72 and dropped to 0.19 and 0.15 after 3 and 9 months, respectively. Despite a more than 4-fold higher ARR baseline, the treatment-naïve patients achieved an ARR at 9 months comparable with those previously treated. There were ten non-serious adverse reactions. After nine months of teriflunomide therapy, 63.3%, 21.2%, and 15.4% of patients had a high, medium, and low adherence, respectively, as per the MMAS-8; 100% of patients preferred an oral administration. The SEAMS score (odds ratio (OR) = 0.91; p = 0.013) and previous DMT (OR = 4.28; p = 0.005) were the only significant predictors of non-adherence. The disability, the quality of life, and beliefs about medicines had no measurable effect on adherence. Conclusion: After nine months of teriflunomide therapy, both the disability and quality of life remained stable; the relapse rate significantly decreased, 63.3% of patients had a high adherence, and 100% of patients preferred an oral administration. A low adherence was associated with previous DMT experiences and a low self-efficacy for the appropriate medication (i.e., the confidence in one's ability to take medication correctly).

Background: IgG4-related disease is a fibroinflammatory and immune-mediated condition, which has extremely variable clinical manifestations. In this study, we aim to investigate the clinicopathological features of IgG4-related disease involving the oral and maxillofacial region., Methods: Cases of IgG4-related disease manifesting in the oral and maxillofacial region were retrieved from three Brazilian institutions. Clinical and serological data were obtained from the patients' medical charts, while microscopic and immunohistochemical findings were revised by oral pathologists. Diagnosis followed the American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism criteria., Results: Seven patients diagnosed with IgG4-related disease were included in this study. Women were affected in all analysed cases, with a mean age of 55.4 years. Two patients presented with the clinical involvement of more than one oral and maxillofacial anatomic site. Therefore, our sample comprised nine oral and maxillofacial anatomic sites affected by IgG4-related disease. The submandibular gland was affected in four cases, the tongue and the parotid gland in two cases each, and the palate in one case. In a few cases, exploratory lower lip biopsy was used as a diagnostic approach. A moderate-to-severe lymphoid infiltrate containing plasma cells and lymphocytes, with an increased IgG4/IgG ratio, was common. Treatment varied and steroids were the most frequently used (57.4%). Six patients remained alive, while one died from unknown causes., Conclusion: Although major salivary glands are commonly affected by IgG4-related disease, the oral cavity can also be involved, and lower lip biopsy may be an auxiliary diagnostic tool., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

An accurate assessment of cardiovascular performance is essential to predict and evaluate hemodynamic response to interventions. The objective of this prospective study was to assess whether point-of-care ultrasonography of the common carotid artery (CCA) can estimate the stroke volume (SV) and cardiac index (Ci) of critically ill children. Participants underwent Doppler ultrasonography of the left CCA and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Variables measured by TTE were SV and Ci. Carotid blood flow (CBF) was calculated based on both systolic velocity-time integral (CBF (s) ) and total velocity-time integral (CBF (t) ). Carotid corrected flow time(CFT)was also determined. A total of 50 children were enrolled. The median age and weight of participants were 36.0 months and 14.2 kg, respectively. Both CBF (s) and CBF (t) correlated very strongly with SV (ρ = 0.98 and 0.97, respectively) and Ci (ρ = 0.96 and 0.92, respectively). Agreement analysis showed low biases and clinically acceptable percentage errors between variables measured by TTE (SV and Ci) and those estimated by Doppler ultrasonography. Linear regression analysis revealed that the Ci of mechanically ventilated children can be estimated by the following equation: [Formula: see text]. CFT did not significantly correlate with SV or Ci (ρ = 0.27 and 0.05, respectively). Doppler ultrasonography of the left CCA is able to estimate the SV and Ci of critically ill children. Therefore, the CDU may be considered as an alternative for estimating Ci in critically ill children when TTE is not feasible or available., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Hybrid odontogenic lesions combine histopathological characteristics of two or more odontogenic cysts and/or tumours. The aim of this study was to evaluate the available data on hybrid odontogenic lesions (HOL) and to analyse their epidemiological/clinical features and biological behaviour., Methods: An electronic search was done in January 2021 using multiple databases. Eligibility criteria encompassed publications with sufficient clinical and histological information to confirm the tumours' diagnoses., Results: A total of 147 articles were included in this study, comprising 203 cases. Calcifying odontogenic cyst associated with odontoma (COC/OD) (37/18.2%) was the most common HOL. Females were more affected with a mean age of 24.9 years. Lesions presented as asymptomatic swellings, with a mean evolution time of 8.2 months (0.3-96), and mean tumour size of 4.8 cm (0.3-7). Radiographic aspects frequently showed radiolucent (139/68.4%) and unilocular (52/25.6%) images with well-defined limits (48/23.6%). The lesions mostly affected mandibular pre-molars (69/34%) and mandibular molars (69/34%) regions. Enucleation (89/43.8%) and surgical excision (59/29%) were the most common treatment modalities. The mean follow-up time was 33.8 months (0.5-216 months) and recurrences were observed in four cases (1.9%), all of which were central odontogenic fibroma associated with central giant cell granuloma (COF/CGCG)., Conclusion: COC/OD is the most common HOL and recurrence is a rare event, being usually associated with the diagnosis of COF/CGCG., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) is a benign, intraosseous, odontogenic cyst which originates from the basal cells of overlying epithelium or from the dental lamina remnants. Clinically, they are presented as asymptomatic swellings, although can sometimes be associated with pain. Growth of an OKC leads to expansion and destruction of bone as it infiltrates the tissue around it. It is commonly seen in males between the second and fourth decades of life. The aim of this study is to report on the clinicopathological characteristics of an odontogenic keratocyst in a 9-month-old female patient and posterior rehabilitation with a removable maxillary expander.

Background: Lymphomas in the oral and oropharyngeal regions are relatively uncommon, and their diagnosis is challenging and complex due to the myriad histopathological subtypes. Herein, we report a large series of oral and oropharyngeal lymphomas and compare our data with the currently available literature., Methods: All cases diagnosed as lymphomas affecting the oral and oropharyngeal regions were retrospectively retrieved from seven Brazilian institutions. Clinicodemographic data and histopathological features were evaluated and described, while a comprehensive literature review was undertaken in order to compare our findings., Results: A total of 304 cases of oral and oropharyngeal lymphomas were obtained, mostly affecting individuals aged 60-69 years (n = 68) with a mean age at diagnosis of 54.2 ± 20.1 years. Males and females were equally affected. Mature B-cell neoplasms (87.2%) were the most common group, followed by mature T- and NK-cell neoplasms (11.2%) and precursor lymphoid neoplasms (1.6%). The most frequent subtypes in each group were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified (n = 99), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas, nasal type (n = 12), and B-lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphomas, not otherwise specified (n = 4). The most commonly involved sites were the palate (26.3%), mandible (13%), and maxilla (10.5%)., Conclusion: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, remains the most common subtype of lymphomas in the oral and oropharyngeal region. Older patients are the most affected, with no gender predilection and the palate and jaw are usually affected., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the clinicopathological, molecular, and prognostic features of oral/oropharyngeal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and high-grade B-cell lymphoma., Study Design: All cases were retrieved from 7 Brazilian institutions. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed to confirm the diagnoses and to categorize the tumors. In situ hybridization was used to detect Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to identify gene rearrangements., Results: Most cases involved the oral cavity (76.8%). Males and females, with a mean age of 60 years, were evenly affected. Tumors mostly presented as painful swellings. Forty cases represented germinal center B-cell type (58%). Five cases presented double-hit translocation and 3 harbored rearrangement for MYC/BCL2/BCL6. EBV was detected in 3 cases (4.3%). The 5-year overall survival was 44.4%. Female sex, presence of pain and ulcer, microscopic "starry sky pattern" and necrosis, co-expression of c-Myc/Bcl2, and translocation of MYC were associated with a lower survival in univariate analysis (P = .05, P = .01, P = .01, P = .03, P = .05, P = .006, P = .05, respectively)., Conclusion: Patients affected by oral/oropharyngeal DLBCL have a low survival rate. High-grade B-cell lymphoma (17.7%) and EBV-positive DLBCL, not otherwise specified (4.3%) account for a small number of cases., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background/aim: p16 and PTEN are tumor suppressor genes. Loss of these molecules in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been studied worldwide. In this study, we explored whether p16 cooperates with inactive PTEN during the pathogenesis of OSCC, especially in regard to tumor aggressiveness and proliferation., Materials and Methods: Immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis were used to examine the levels of p16 and PTEN. Sequencing analysis was performed to identify mutations in the PTEN gene and HPV infection. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to examine the presence of the PTEN locus., Results: PTEN analysis showed high positivity in T4 samples. HPV-positive tumors correlated with tabagism, tumor size 3 and 4, disease stages 3 and 4, presence of lymph node metastasis (N1) and poor differentiation. Immunoexpression of p16 was strongly correlated with the presence of HPV., Conclusion: PTEN demonstrated a higher reactivity in advanced disease stages and p16 was strongly associated with HPV. Viral presence decreases tumor aggressiveness. Patients with advanced stage lesions demonstrated lower survival rate., (Copyright© 2020, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.)

The aim of this study was to integrate the available data published on Liposarcomas (LPSs) of the oral cavity into an analysis of its clinical features, treatment modalities, and prognostic factors. An electronic search was undertaken in January 2019. The eligibility criteria included publications that had enough clinical and histological information to confirm the diagnosis. Forty-five publications (104 LPSs) were included. The lesion was more prevalent in males from the fifth to seventh decades of life. Treatment (P = .03) and distant metastasis (P = .0001) were independently associated with survival. A lower possibility of recurrence was statistically associated with age (younger patients) (P = .03), tumor size (smaller than 2.8 cm) (P = .001), and treatment (radical surgery) (P = .04). LPS presents a good survival for patients after 5 years of follow-up (66.4%). Patients who were treated with conservative surgery and presented with distant metastasis showed poor prognosis., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Background: The aim of this study was to integrate the available data published on radiation-induced sarcoma of the oral cavity into an analysis of its clinical features, treatment modalities and prognostic factors., Methods: An electronic search was undertaken in September 2019. The eligibility criteria included publications that had enough clinical and histological information to confirm the diagnosis., Results: Forty-two publications with 122 radiation-induced sarcoma of the oral cavities (RISOCs) were included. The mean latency period was 114 months and mean radiation total dose was 62.5 Gy. The tumors were more prevalent in males between 50 and 60 years old and the mandible was the most affected site. Osteosarcoma was the most prevalent histological type and patients were mostly treated with radical surgery., Conclusions: RISOC showed a poor survival rate of 15.1% in 5-year follow-up. Gender and histological type were independently associated with survival., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

The objective was to evaluate the available published data on sinonasal melanoma and analyse its clinical features, treatment modalities, and prognostic factors. An electronic search was undertaken in March 2018 in multiple databases. Eligibility criteria included publications with sufficient clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical information to confirm the diagnosis. Seventy-three publications (439 cases) were included. The lesion was more prevalent in females than in males. There was a higher prevalence in the seventh and eighth decades of life. The lesions mainly presented as epistaxis and commonly involved the nasal cavity. Age (>67.6 years; P=0.0012), primary location (middle turbinate; P=0.0112), disease stage (advanced disease stage; P=0.0026), treatment (radiotherapy; P=0.0111), recurrence (recurrence presented; P=0.0137), and distant metastasis (distant metastasis presented; P=0.0011) were independently associated with a lower survival rate. Recurrence was significantly correlated with age (>67.6 years; P=0.0021), sex (males tended to present a higher recurrence rate than females; P=0.0051), disease stage (stages III and IV presented a higher recurrence rate than stages I and II; P=0.0331), and histological type (amelanotic lesions presented a higher index of recurrence than melanotic lesions; P=0.0095). In conclusion, sinonasal melanoma is a neoplasm with a poor prognosis, presenting a 30.69% possibility of survival after 5 years., (Copyright © 2019 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oral sarcomas from geographic regions of Brazil., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on biopsies obtained from January 2007 to December 2016 at twelve Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology centres. Gender, age, evolution time, clinical aspects, tumour location, tumour size at diagnosis, radiographic aspects and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated. Data were analysed using descriptive statistical methods., Results: From 176,537, a total of 200 (0.11%) oral sarcomas were reported, and the most prevalent were osteosarcomas (74 cases; 37%) and Kaposi's sarcomas (52 cases; 26%). Males were more affected than females at a mean age of 32.2 years old (range of 3-87 years). The most common symptoms were swelling¸ localised pain and bleeding at a mean evolution time of 5.14 months (range <1-156 months). The lesions were mostly observed in the mandible (90 cases; 45%), with a mean tumour size of 3.4 cm (range of 0.3-15 cm). Radiographically, the lesions presented a radiolucent aspect showing cortical bone destruction and ill-defined limits., Conclusions: Oral sarcomas are rare lesions with more than 50 described subtypes. Osteosarcomas and Kaposi's sarcomas were the main sarcomas of the oral cavity in Brazil., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Water restriction periods were evaluated in crossbred lambs (n = 32) distributed in one of four treatments: without water restriction, water restriction for 24, 48 and 72 h. The water restriction for 72 h reduced the water and dry matter intakes, body weight at slaughter and hot and cold carcass yields. Water restriction did not affect the weight of the carcass cuts and the chemical composition of the meat. The fatty acid EPA increased and DHA reduced with increasing water restriction period. There was an increasing linear effect for meat shear force, with less force (30.5 N/cm 2 ) for sheep meat without water restriction and higher force (45.8 N/cm 2 ) for those with water restriction for 72 h. The period of 24 h of water restriction was the one that promoted the highest similarities in the characteristics assessed to those in animals receiving water ad libitum. Therefore, water restriction periods should not exceed 24 h for feedlot animals in situations of severe water shortage., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Neuromedin B, a bombesin-like peptide, and its receptor, are expressed in white adipose tissue with undefined roles. Female mice with disruption of neuromedin B receptor (NB-R) exhibited partial resistance to diet-induced obesity leading to our hypothesis that NB-R is involved in adipogenesis. Here, we showed that adipose stem/stromal cells (ASC) from perigonadal fat of female NB-R-knockout mice, exposed to a differentiation protocol in vitro, accumulated less lipid (45%) than wild type, suggesting reduced capacity to differentiate under adipogenic input. To further explore mechanisms, preadipocytes 3T3-L1 cells were incubated in the presence of NB-R antagonist (PD168368) during the first 3 days in culture. Cells were analyzed in the end of the treatment (Day 3) and later when fully differentiated (Day 21). NB-R antagonist induced lower number of cells at day 3 and 21 (33-39%), reduced cell proliferation at day 3 (-53%) and reduced lipid accumulation at day 21 (-86%). The mRNA expressions of several adipocyte differentiation markers were importantly reduced at both days: Cebpb and Pparg and Fabp4, Plin-1 and Adipoq, and additionally Lep mRNA at day 21. The antagonist had no effect when incubated with mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, genetically disruption of NB-R in mice ASC or pharmacological antagonism of NB-R in 3T3-L1 cells impairs adipogenesis. The mechanisms suggested by results in 3T3-L1 cells involve reduction of cell proliferation and of early gene expressions, leading to decreased number of mature adipocytes. We speculate that NB-R antagonism may be useful to limit the increase in adiposity due to pre-adipocyte differentiation.

The objective was to integrate the available published data on chondrosarcoma (CHS) of the jaw bones into a comprehensive analysis of its clinical and histological features, treatment, and prognostic factors. An electronic search was undertaken in October 2017. To be eligible, the publication had to provide sufficient clinical/histological data to confirm the diagnosis. One hundred and ten publications (224 cases of CHS) were identified and included. There was a slightly higher prevalence of CHS in males than in females. Most subjects with CHS were in the second to fifth decades of life. The most common symptom was swelling and the most commonly observed location was the maxilla. Histologically, most tumours were of the conventional type and were low grade tumours. The treatment of choice was tumour resection. Histological grade, treatment with chemotherapy alone, and the presentation of recurrence or metastasis were found to be significant independent prognostic factors: patients who presented high-grade tumours, who received chemotherapy alone as the treatment of choice, and those who presented recurrence or metastasis were more likely to have a worse prognosis. In addition, radical surgery associated with radiotherapy as the treatment protocol showed a better prognosis., (Copyright © 2018 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, NOS (DLBCL NOS) is the commonest extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosed in the oral and maxillofacial region. However, few studies are currently available and its prognostic determinants remain undefined., Purpose: To analyse the available data on oral DLBCL NOS and to describe its clinicopathological features, identifying potential prognostic factors., Methods: An electronic systematic search was performed using multiple databases with a specific search strategy in April 2018. All reports describing DLBCL NOS involving the oral cavity and jaw bones with sufficient clinicopathological information were assessed., Results: Sixty-three publications were included in the study, comprising 122 cases. Oral DLBCL NOS was found predominantly in elderly males (61.5%), and most often presented as an asymptomatic swelling of the gingiva. Patients commonly were HIV-negative (36.1%), with few reports describing EBV-positive cases (four cases/3.3%). Only eight cases presented B symptoms and most cases were classified as stage I or II (48.4%). CHOP therapy was the main treatment option (24.5%) and the overall 5-year survival rate achieved 83%. Males and advanced Ann Arbor stage patients presented significantly lower survival rates in the univariate analysis, but no significance was found in the multivariate model., Conclusion: Oral DLBCL NOS is an aggressive malignancy, but with a high survival rate., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The aim of the present study was to integrate the available data published on melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) of the jaw bones. An electronic search was undertaken in April 2018. Hundred forty-seven publications and 371 patients were included. The lesion was more prevalent in males and in the second to sixth months of life. The lesions mostly presented as a rapidly growing bluish swelling and the most commonly involved was the anterior maxilla. The mean follow-up was 51.1 months (range 1-408 months). Age (P ≤ .0001), location (P = .007), occurrence of lymph node metastasis (P ≤ .0001), treatment (P = .001), recurrence (P ≤ .0001), and distant metastasis (P = .0001) were independently associated with survival. Recurrence was significantly correlated with age (P = .0001), distant metastasis (P = .0001), and treatment (P = .0001). Patients older than 12 months, with lesions in the mandible, positive regional lymph node metastasis, treated with chemotherapy, recurrence, or distant metastasis presented the worst prognosis., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Background: Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a high-grade lymphoma that often affects the oral cavity of HIV-positive patients; however, its prognostic determinants remain unknown., Purpose: To integrate the available data on oral PBL to determine its clinicopathological features and to identify potential prognostic factors., Methods: An electronic systematic review was performed using multiple databases with a specific search strategy in February 2018. Inclusion criteria comprised cases diagnosed as PBL affecting the oral cavity and gnathic bones with sufficient data to confirm the diagnoses., Results: A total of 70 publications were included, representing 153 cases. Oral PBL predominantly affected HIV-positive males (76.4%). EBV was observed in 63.4% of the cases. The gingiva was the most involved site and the lesion usually presented as an asymptomatic swelling. Most cases were classified as stage I (21.6%), and chemotherapy alone was applied in 28.8% of the cases. There was a significant association between HIV and EBV infections, and cases affecting HIV-negative patients were more common in older individuals. Cumulative survival of the patients achieved 42.4% and 33.5% after 2 and 5 years, respectively. Although there were no statistically significant clinicopathological parameters in the univariate analysis, the multivariate Cox regression model demonstrated that EBV-positive status, presence of B-symptoms, and chemotherapy alone were independent prognostic determinants of a poor prognosis., Conclusion: Oral PBL is an aggressive neoplasm with low survival rates, which is influenced by the presence of EBV, presence of B-symptoms, and with the use of chemotherapy only., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Maternal diet plays a critical role in health development. Perinatal overnutrition induces metabolic dysfunctions and obesity in the offspring. Obesity is associated with endocannabinoid system (ECS) over activation and oxidative stress. Liver ECS activation induces hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis while the antagonism of cannabinoid receptors ameliorates these alterations. Here, we investigated the effect of perinatal maternal high-fat diet (HF, 29% of calories as fat) on the ECS and antioxidant system in liver of male and female adult rat offspring (180 days old). Maternal HF diet increased hepatic cannabinoid receptors, ECS metabolizing enzymes and triglyceride content, with male offspring more affected. ECS changes are likely independent of estradiol serum levels but associated with increased hepatic content of estrogen receptor, which can stimulate the expression of ECS components. Differently, maternal HF diet decreased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, and increased oxidative stress markers in both sexes. Alterations in the redox homeostasis were associated with mitochondria damage but not with liver fibrosis. Our data suggest that maternal HF diet induces ECS over activation in adulthood, and that male offspring are at higher risk to develop liver disease compared with female rats.

Background: To describe the clinicopathological characteristics of a series of head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and to review the literature., Material and Methods: Cases diagnosed as RMS affecting the head and neck region were retrospectively retrieved from the files of two Brazilian institutions from January 2006 to January 2017. Data on clinical features (sex, age and affected site), microscopic subtype, immunohistochemical results, treatment employed and follow-up status were obtained from the patient's medical charts., Results: During the period considered, 10 cases of RMS were identified. Females predominated (4M:6F), the mean age at diagnosis was 16.5 years-old and the orbit was the most affected site (4 cases). Microscopically, most cases were classified as embryonal RMS (6 cases) and the Desmin/Myogenin/Myo-D1 immunohistochemical positivity was useful to confirm the diagnosis. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were applied to 9 and 8 patients respectively, whereas 2 patients were treated by surgery. Recurrences occurred in 3 patients and distant metastasis in 2 cases. Nine patients were alive in their last follow-up, 3 of them with disease, whereas 1 patient died due to the disease., Conclusion: Head and neck RMS is an aggressive malignant neoplasm which demands especial concern to achieve early diagnosis and successful treatment.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of Akt, PTEN, Mdm2 and p53 proteins in three different head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines (HN6, HN19 and HN30), all of them treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG), an inhibitor of Hsp90 protein., Material and Methods: Immunofluorescence and western blot were performed in order to analyze the location and quantification, respectively, of proteins under the action 17-AAG and EGF., Results: Treatment with EGF resulted in increased levels of Akt, PTEN and p53 in all cell lineages. The expression of Mdm2 was constant in HN30 and HN6 lineages, while in HN19 showed slightly decreased expression. Under the action 17-AAG, in HN6 and HN19, the expression of PTEN and p53 proteins was suppressed, while Akt and Mdm2 expression was reduced. Finally, in the HN30 cell lineage were absolute absence of expression of Akt, Mdm2 and p53 and decreased expression of PTEN., Conclusion: These data allow us to speculate on the particular utility of 17-AAG for HNSCC treatment through the inhibition of Akt protein expression, especially in the cases that retain the expression of PTEN protein., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: To integrate the available data published on central mucoepidermoid carcinoma (CMC) into a comprehensive analysis of its clinical aspects, histology, treatment, and prognostic factors., Methods: An electronic search was undertaken in July 2017. Eligibility criteria for publications included having clinical, histological, treatment, and time of follow-up data to confirm the diagnosis., Results: In addition, gender, histological grade, conservative treatment, and lymph node metastasis were significant independent prognostic factors., Conclusion: Male patients with histological grade III CMC of the jaw bone, who used conservative treatment as the main treatment, and presented with lymph node metastasis, were more likely to have a worse prognosis., (Copyright © 2017 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Ranula consists of a pathological process induced by ductal disruption of the minor salivary glands followed by extravasation of mucous material surrounding adjacent structures. A swelling causing breathing and feeding problems associated with tongue displacement is frequently observed. It is a disease that generally involves the younger age group. In newborns congenital ranula may occur, an uncommon variance that differs from common ranula by not relate to post-traumatic reactions. There are reports that indicate a salivary gland duct atresia as the main cause of this pathology. The aim of this study is to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of congenital ranula by reporting a new case report of this salivary cyst and reviewing the case reports previously published in the English literature.

Objective: To describe the oral and maxillofacial manifestations of patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders., Study Design: Over a 13-year period, clinicopathologic data of patients diagnosed with CKD-MBD who had oral and maxillofacial alterations were retrieved from the files of 4 Brazilian institutions. Data included clinical, radiographic, microscopic, and biochemical findings; treatment employed; and follow-up status., Results: Twenty-one cases were identified, with 13 patients diagnosed as brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism (BTH) and 8 as osteitis fibrosa/renal osteodystrophy (OF/RO) (4 of them clinically consistent with Sagliker syndrome). The mean age was 32.7 years, and the mandible was the most affected site (42.8%). OF/RO had an ill-defined "ground glass" radiographic appearance, and BTH produced well-defined radiolucent images. Biochemically the following mean values were obtained: parathormone 1511.07 pg/mL, calcium 9.25 mg/dL, phosphorus 5.19 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase 941.55 U/L, urea 125.42 mg/dL, and creatinine 7.14 mg/dL. Treatment comprised vitamin D and calcium intake, parathyroidectomy, hemodialysis, renal transplantation, and local surgery. During follow-up, 5 patients with BTH were free of lesions, whereas 2 affected by OF/RO/Sagliker syndrome died., Conclusions: Oral and maxillofacial manifestations of BTH and OF/RO are uncommon, but they can be associated with an important life-threatening scenario., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

We explored the comparative effects of minocycline treatment and intrastriatal BMMC transplantation after experimental striatal stroke in adult rats. Male Wistar adult rats were divided as follows: saline-treated ( N = 5), minocycline-treated ( N = 5), and BMMC-transplanted ( N = 5) animals. Animals received intrastriatal microinjections of 80 pmol of endothelin-1 (ET-1). Behavioral tests were performed at 1, 3, and 7 days postischemia. Animals were treated with minocycline (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or intrastriatal transplants of 106 BMMCs at 24 h postischemia. Animals were perfused at 7 days after ischemic induction. Coronal sections were stained with cresyl violet for gross histopathological analysis and immunolabeled for the identification of neuronal bodies (NeuN), activated microglia/macrophages (ED1), and apoptotic cells (active caspase-3). BMMC transplantation and minocycline reduced the number of ED1+ cells ( p < 0.05, ANOVA-Tukey), but BMMC afforded better results. Both treatments afforded comparable levels of neuronal preservation compared to control ( p > 0.05). BMMC transplantation induced a higher decrease in the number of apoptotic cells compared to control and minocycline treatment. Both therapeutic approaches improved functional recovery in ischemic animals. The results suggest that BMMC transplantation is more effective in modulating microglial activation and reducing apoptotic cell death than minocycline, although both treatments are equally efficacious on improving neuronal preservation.

We previously showed that a yin meridian of the upper limb decreased electromyographic activity (root mean square) and muscle strength ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of stimulation. Here, we tested the upper trapezius (UT) muscle response after stimulation of a yang meridian of the upper limb, the small intestine (SI). Thirty-eight healthy volunteers were randomized into the following groups: UT muscle (SI14), distant of the UT muscle (SI8), without stimulation (CG), and sham (R3). An acupuncturist certificated by the Brazilian Society of Physical Therapists and Acupuncturists performed the needle insertion. Each volunteer received only one stimulation to the right upper limb. The evaluation occurred before, 5 minutes after, and 20 minutes after needle withdrawal. The root mean square activity increased on the right side in the UT muscle for the SI8 and SI14 groups (F 3,37  = 4.67; p < 0.025) at the 20-minute evaluation. The most vigorous response occurred on the contralateral side because the effects were maintained for 5 minutes after withdrawal (F 3,37  = 4.52; p < 0.025). Both groups showed an increase in the UT muscle strength at the 20-minute evaluation (F 3,37  = 3.41; p < 0.025). The CG and R3 groups did not show any changes. Our data indicate that SI a yang meridian increases the UT muscle response., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the in vitro toxic effects of 5 Bothrops spp. snake venoms, which are part of the antigenic mixture used for the production of Brazilian antivenom, and evaluate their correlation with the in vivo toxic activities of Bothrops spp. venoms. The correlation analysis could be helpful for the replacement of living animals experimentation for in vitro bioassay. Cytotoxicity, L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO), proteolitic (serine and metalloproteinase), hyaluronidase (Hyal), and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities were estimated and the correlation coefficient was determined for each activity in relation to lethality, edema, hemorrhage and necrosis induced in live animals by B. jararaca, B. alternatus, B. jararacussu, B. neuwiedi, and B. moojeni venoms. The lethal activity in mice was highly related to Hyal activity (r = 0.94, p < .05), edema related to PLA2 activity (r = 0.94, p < .05), whereas the necrotizing activity showed high correlation with LAAO activity (r = 0.83, p < .05). A very significant correlation between in vitro cytotoxicity and LAAO activities was also observed (r = 0.97, p < .05)., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, has been connected to beneficial effects elicited by calorie restriction. Physiological adaptation to starvation requires higher activity of SIRT1 and also the suppression of thyroid hormone (TH) action to achieve energy conservation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that those two events are correlated and that TH may be a regulator of SIRT1 expression. Forty-eight-hour fasting mice exhibited reduced serum TH and increased SIRT1 protein content in liver and brown adipose tissue (BAT), and physiological thyroxine replacement prevented or attenuated the increment of SIRT1 in liver and BAT of fasted mice. Hypothyroid mice exhibited increased liver SIRT1 protein, while hyperthyroid ones showed decreased SIRT1 in liver and BAT. In the liver, decreased protein is accompanied by reduced SIRT1 activity and no alteration in its mRNA. Hyperthyroid and hypothyroid mice exhibited increases and decreases in food intake and body weight gain respectively. Food-restricted hyperthyroid animals (pair-fed to euthyroid group) exhibited liver and BAT SIRT1 protein levels intermediary between euthyroid and hyperthyroid mice fed ad libitum. Mice with TH resistance at the liver presented increased hepatic SIRT1 protein and activity, with no alteration in Sirt1 mRNA. These results suggest that TH decreases SIRT1 protein, directly and indirectly, via food ingestion control and, in the liver, this reduction involves TRβ. The SIRT1 reduction induced by TH has important implication to integrated metabolic responses to fasting, as the increase in SIRT1 protein requires the fasting-associated suppression of TH serum levels.

Meningoencephalitis caused by Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) is responsible for heavy economic losses in the cattle industry. As in other Alphaherpesviruses, the envelope glycoprotein IV (gD), which mediates penetration into host cells, is one of the major candidate antigens for a recombinant vaccine, since it induces a strong and persistent immune response. The DNA coding for a truncated form of BoHV-5 gD (tgD) has been cloned into the Pichia pastoris expression vector pPICZalphaB to allow protein secretion into the medium. After induction with methanol, a approximately 55kDa protein was obtained. Enzyme deglycosylation with Endo H showed a smaller size band in SDS-PGAE, with approximately 50kDa, suggesting that tgD has N-linked oligosaccharides and that it is not hyperglycosylated. The approximately 55kDa protein was recognized by several polyclonal antibodies, including polyclonal antibody anti-tgD and polyclonal antibodies of different animal species immunized with BoHV-5 and BoHV-1. This is the first report of BoHV-5 gD expression in yeast. It was shown that the recombinant truncated form of BoHV-5 gD has antigenic and immunogenic properties similar to the native BoHV-5 gD. Expression of tgD as a secreted protein allows simple and inexpensive purification methods that can be used for further studies to evaluate its immunogenicity in cattle.