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7. Humusica 1, article 5: Terrestrial humus systems and forms — Keys of classification of humus systems and forms

Author

Zanella, Augusto, Ponge, Jean-François, Jabiol, Bernard, Sartori, Giacomo, Kolb, Ekart, Le Bayon, Renée-Claire, Gobat, Jean-Michel, Aubert, Michaël, De Waal, Rein, Van Delft, Bas, Vacca, Andrea, Serra, Gianluca, Chersich, Silvia, Andreetta, Anna, Kõlli, Raimo, Brun, Jean Jacques, Cools, Nathalie, Englisch, Michael, Hager, Herbert, Katzensteiner, Klaus, Brêthes, Alain, De Nicola, Cristina, Testi, Anna, Bernier, Nicolas, Graefe, Ulfert, Wolf, Ugo, Juilleret, Jérôme, Garlato, Andrea, Obber, Silvia, Galvan, Paola, Zampedri, Roberto, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Tomasi, Mauro, Banas, Damien, Bureau, Fabrice, Tatti, Dylan, Salmon, Sandrine, Menardi, Roberto, Fontanella, Fausto, Carraro, Vinicio, Pizzeghello, Diego, Concheri, Giuseppe, Squartini, Andrea, Cattaneo, Dina, Scattolin, Linda, Nardi, Serenella, Nicolini, Gianni, and Viola, Franco

Published
2018
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11. A Standardized Morpho-Functional Classification of the Planet’s Humipedons

Author

Zanella, Augusto, primary, Ponge, Jean-François, additional, Jabiol, Bernard, additional, Van Delft, Bas, additional, De Waal, Rein, additional, Katzensteiner, Klaus, additional, Kolb, Eckart, additional, Bernier, Nicolas, additional, Mei, Giacomo, additional, Blouin, Manuel, additional, Juilleret, Jérôme, additional, Pousse, Noémie, additional, Stanchi, Silvia, additional, Cesario, Fernando, additional, Le Bayon, Renée-Claire, additional, Tatti, Dylan, additional, Chersich, Silvia, additional, Carollo, Luca, additional, Englisch, Michael, additional, Schrötter, Anna, additional, Schaufler, Judith, additional, Bonifacio, Eleonora, additional, Fritz, Ines, additional, Sofo, Adriano, additional, Bazot, Stéphane, additional, Lata, Jean-Christophe, additional, Iffly, Jean-Francois, additional, Wetzel, Carlos E., additional, Hissler, Christophe, additional, Fabiani, Ginevra, additional, Aubert, Michael, additional, Vacca, Andrea, additional, Serra, Gianluca, additional, Menta, Cristina, additional, Visentin, Francesca, additional, Cools, Nathalie, additional, Bolzonella, Cristian, additional, Frizzera, Lorenzo, additional, Zampedri, Roberto, additional, Tomasi, Mauro, additional, Galvan, Paola, additional, Charzynski, Przemyslaw, additional, Zakharchenko, Elina, additional, Waez-Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad, additional, Brun, Jean-Jacques, additional, Menardi, Roberto, additional, Fontanella, Fausto, additional, Zaminato, Nicola, additional, Carollo, Silvio, additional, Brandolese, Alessio, additional, Bertelle, Michele, additional, Zanella, Gaétan, additional, Bronner, Thomas, additional, Graefe, Ulfert, additional, and Hager, Herbert, additional

Published
2022
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12. A Standardized Morpho-Functional Classification of the Planet’s Humipedons

Author

Zanella, Augusto, Ponge, Jean François, Jabiol, Bernard, Van Delft, Bas, De Waal, Rein, Katzensteiner, Klaus, Kolb, Eckart, Bernier, Nicolas, Mei, Giacomo, Blouin, Manuel, Juilleret, Jérôme, Pousse, Noémie, Stanchi, Silvia, Cesario, Fernando, Le Bayon, Renée Claire, Tatti, Dylan, Chersich, Silvia, Carollo, Luca, Englisch, Michael, Schrötter, Anna, Schaufler, Judith, Bonifacio, Eleonora, Fritz, Ines, Sofo, Adriano, Bazot, Stéphane, Lata, Jean Christophe, Iffly, Jean Francois, Wetzel, Carlos E., Hissler, Christophe, Fabiani, Ginevra, Aubert, Michael, Vacca, Andrea, Serra, Gianluca, Menta, Cristina, Visentin, Francesca, Cools, Nathalie, Bolzonella, Cristian, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Zampedri, Roberto, Tomasi, Mauro, Galvan, Paola, Charzynski, Przemyslaw, Zakharchenko, Elina, Waez-Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad, Brun, Jean Jacques, Menardi, Roberto, Fontanella, Fausto, Zaminato, Nicola, Carollo, Silvio, Brandolese, Alessio, Bertelle, Michele, Zanella, Gaétan, Bronner, Thomas, Graefe, Ulfert, Hager, Herbert, Zanella, Augusto, Ponge, Jean François, Jabiol, Bernard, Van Delft, Bas, De Waal, Rein, Katzensteiner, Klaus, Kolb, Eckart, Bernier, Nicolas, Mei, Giacomo, Blouin, Manuel, Juilleret, Jérôme, Pousse, Noémie, Stanchi, Silvia, Cesario, Fernando, Le Bayon, Renée Claire, Tatti, Dylan, Chersich, Silvia, Carollo, Luca, Englisch, Michael, Schrötter, Anna, Schaufler, Judith, Bonifacio, Eleonora, Fritz, Ines, Sofo, Adriano, Bazot, Stéphane, Lata, Jean Christophe, Iffly, Jean Francois, Wetzel, Carlos E., Hissler, Christophe, Fabiani, Ginevra, Aubert, Michael, Vacca, Andrea, Serra, Gianluca, Menta, Cristina, Visentin, Francesca, Cools, Nathalie, Bolzonella, Cristian, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Zampedri, Roberto, Tomasi, Mauro, Galvan, Paola, Charzynski, Przemyslaw, Zakharchenko, Elina, Waez-Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad, Brun, Jean Jacques, Menardi, Roberto, Fontanella, Fausto, Zaminato, Nicola, Carollo, Silvio, Brandolese, Alessio, Bertelle, Michele, Zanella, Gaétan, Bronner, Thomas, Graefe, Ulfert, and Hager, Herbert

Abstract

It was time to take stock. We modified the humipedon classification key published in 2018 to make it easier and more practical. This morpho-functional taxonomy of the topsoil (humipedon) was only available in English; we also translated it into French and Italian. A standardized morphofunctional classification of humipedons (roughly the top 30–40 cm of soil: organic and organomineral surface horizons) would allow for a better understanding of the functioning of the soil ecosystem. This paper provides the founding principles of the classification of humipedon into humus systems and forms. With the recognition of a few diagnostic horizons, all humus systems can be determined. The humus forms that make up these humus systems are revealed by measuring the thicknesses of the diagnostic horizons. In the final part of the article, several figures represent the screenshots of a mobile phone or tablet application that allows for a fast recall of the diagnostic elements of the classification in the field. The article attempts to promote a standardized classification of humipedons for a global and shared management of soil at planet level.

Published
2022

14. Kan uitstel van houtoogst bijdragen aan CO2-mitigatie?

Author

den Ouden, Jan, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, Clerkx, Sandra, de Waal, Rein, Lerink, Bas, den Ouden, Jan, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, Clerkx, Sandra, de Waal, Rein, and Lerink, Bas

Abstract

In order to assess the role of postponing harvest in forests as a management option for climate mitigation, remeasurements were taken in 2018 and 2019 in unmanaged forest reserves containing douglas fir, larch, beech and Scots pine. This yielded information on the above-ground increment over a period of 30 years, carbon content in the litter layer and topsoil, and decomposition rates of dead wood. This produced insights in the carbon sequestration when timber harvesting is postponed for several decades and this was compared to managed forests. Based on the collected information on the increment of above-ground biomass in the forest reserves, the model EFISCEN Space was used to simulate carbon dynamics in the forest biomass in forest reserves, and the effects scaled up to the entire Dutch forest area. The carbon stocks and fluxes in forest biomass, trees and wood products were quantified using the model CO2FIX., Om na te gaan welk effect uitstel van oogst in bossen als beheermaatregel heeft in de klimaatmitigatie, zijn in 2018 en 2019 heropnamen gemaakt van de bosstructuur van onbeheerde bossen van douglas, lariks, beuk en grove den in bosreservaten. Hierbij is de bovengrondse bijgroei over een periode van dertig jaar gemeten, zijn koolstofbepalingen gedaan van de strooisellagen en bovengrond en zijn verteringssnelheden van dood hout bepaald. Hiermee is inzicht verkregen in de koolstofvastlegging wanneer oogst voor meerdere decennia wordt uitgesteld en vergeleken met beheerde bossen. Met de verzamelde informatie over de bijgroei van de bovengrondse biomassa in de bosreservaten, is met behulp van het model EFISCEN Space de koolstof in de biomassa gesimuleerd, opgeschaald naar het hele Nederlandse bos. Met het model CO2FIX zijn de koolstofvoorraad en de koolstofstromen in bosbiomassa, bodem en houtproducten gekwantificeerd.

Published
2020

18. Karakterisering, uitbreiding en herstel kwaliteit van Veldbies-Beukenbossen

Author

Hommel, Patrick, Bijlsma, Rienk-Jan, Jansman, Hugh, den Ouden, Jan, Schaminée, Joop, de Waal, Rein, and Wallis de Vries, Michiel

Subjects
Dierecologie, Life Science, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Animal Ecology, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management
Published
2018

20. European Humus Forms Reference Base

Author

Zanella, Augusto, Jabiol, Bernard, Ponge, Jean-François, Sartori, Giacomo, de Waal, Rein, van Delft, Bas, Graefe, Ulfert, Cools, Nathalie, Katzensteiner, Klaus, Hager, Herbert, Englisch, Michael, Brêthes, Alain, Broll, Gabrielle, Gobat, Jean-Michel, Brun, Jean-Jacques, Milbert, Gerhard, Kolb, Eckart, Wolf, Ugo, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Galvan, Paola, Kõlli, Raimo, Baritz, Rainer, Kemmers, Rolf, Vacca, Andrea, Serra, Gino, Banas, Damien, Garlato, Adriano, Chersich, Silvia, Klimo, Emil, Langohr, Roger, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museo delle Scienze, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institut für Angewandte Bodenbiologie GmbH (IFAB), Institute for Applied Soil Biology, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Department of Forest Ecology and Soil, Bundesamt für Wald, Office National des Forêts (ONF), ONF, Department of Geo- and Agroecology, University of Vechta, Laboratoire Sol & Végétation, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Geological Survey of Northrhine-Westphalia, Forest Nutrition and Water Resources, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Department of Agronomy and Land Management (DiPSA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Centro di Ecologia Alpina (CEALP), Centro di Ecologia Alpina, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Cagliari], Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari], Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires (ENSAIA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Servizio Osservatorio Suoli e Bonifiche (ARPAV), ARPAV, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell'Ambiente [Pavia], Università degli Studi di Pavia, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Technische Universität München [München] (TUM), University of Florence (UNIFI), Estonian University of Life Sciences, Università di Pavia, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), and Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV)

Subjects
litter biodegradation, humus forms, soil dynamics, litter, European humus classification, soil animals, litter decomposition, humus, soil carbon, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, humus functioning
Abstract

In Europe an abundance of humus taxonomies exists starting with early approaches in the late 19th century. Frequently used in an international context, they do not cover all site conditions in the European area. Although having basic concepts and general lines, the European (and North American, Canadian) classification systems differ in important parameters used for the description and classification of humus forms. These discrepancies result in incongruities, so require adjustments when exchanging partially compatible soil data, even between nearby countries. In 2003, 26 European specialists in humus forms met in Trento (Italy) and decided to formulate rules of classification based on morphogenetic descriptions and diagnostic horizons, adapted to European ecological conditions. Taking into account old and new European and North American systems of humus forms classification, six main references (Anmoor, Mull, Moder, Mor, Amphi and Tangel) were defined, each of them further dividing into detailed categories. This inventory assigned a strong discriminatory power to the action of the pedofauna. Both semiterrestrial (anoxic) and terrestrial (aerated) topsoils were classified. The descriptors of the diagnostic horizons were conceived in accordance with the spirit of recent international soil classifications. Assigning an “ecological value” to each main humus form along a gradient dividing those characterized by accumulation of poorly transformed organic matter, from very biologically active forms degrading and incorporating all organic remains, this European system of classification avoids a hierarchical structure and allows an elastic approach open to additional ecological contributions and renditions.

Published
2011

21. Towards an European classification of terrestrial humus forms

Author

Jabiol, Bernard, Zanella, Augusto, Englisch, Michael, Hager, Herbert, Katzensteiner, Klaus, De Waal, Rein, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universita di Padova, Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests Natural Hazards and Landscape, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), and Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR)

Subjects
classification, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], humus, europe, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2004

23. Humusica 1, article 3: Essential bases ‒ Quick look at the classification

Author

Maria De Nobili, Jérôme Juilleret, Chiara Ferronato, Jean-François Ponge, Rein de Waal, Augusto Zanella, Dipartimento del Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Alterra, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Bologna, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Zanella, Augusto, Ponge, Jean-Françoi, de Waal, Rein, Ferronato, Chiara, De Nobili, Maria, and Juilleret, Jérôme

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Computer science, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Anthropogenic humus system, Soil Science, Soil science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), Humus, Set (abstract data type), Anthropogenic humus systems, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Terrestrial humus system, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Para humus system, Vegetatie, Vegetation, Information retrieval, Ecology, Aqueous humus systems, Aqueous humus system, Humu, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Humus classification, Histic humus systems, Para humus systems, Terrestrial humus systems, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Histic humus system, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Terms and concepts have been defined in Humusica 1, article 1 and the functioning of humus systems has been discussed in Humusica 1, article 2. Here a short overview of the matter, showing humus systems in their environment, is provided for beginners, before making field investigations. The present work is intended as a part of the field manual (Humusica 1 and 2), an illustrated, easy-to-use application tool for humus systems classification, helpful even for not (yet) expert pedologists. The present article gives also a fast look at the classification, sharing Terrestrial, Histic, Aqueous and Para humus systems, every group being defined by its characteristics set in synthetic tables, and suggests a step-by-step approach allowing everyone to classify and investigate humus systems and forms.

Published
2018
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24. Humusica 2, article 11 : Histic humus systems and forms-Epihisto intergrades and dynamics

Author

Bernard Jabiol, Bas van Delft, Augusto Zanella, Maria De Nobili, Chiara Ferronato, Rein de Waal, Gilmo Vianello, Livia Vittori Antisari, Jean-François Ponge, University of Padua [Italy], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], University of Bologna, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Zanella, Augusto, Ponge, Jean-François, De Waal, Rein, Van Delft, Ba, De Nobili, Maria, Ferronato, Chiara, Antisari, Livia Vittori, Vianello, Gilmo, Jabiol, Bernard, and Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water en Landgebruik, Histosol, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Peats, Soil Science, Wetland, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Humus, Soil, Water dynamics, Soil, Water and Land Use, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Bodem, Histosols, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Bog, Soil water dynamic, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Vegetation, Ecology, Water and Land Use, Peat, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Humu, 15. Life on land, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Biodegradation, Soil water dynamics, Wetlands, Bodem, Water en Landgebruik, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Geology
Abstract

International audience; The processes of formation and evolution of Histic humipedons are related to the soil/water dynamics. In a first part of the paper we present diagnostic features and horizons necessary for describing the intergrade humipedons existing between Histic and Hydro humipedons. Called Epihistic (" superficial " Histic), these humipedons are very common and help in better defining the relationships between plant and soil in semi-terrestrial environments. In a second part of the paper we set some information about biological activities and correlated environmental frames of Histic and Epihisto units. The article concludes with dynamic relationships between humipedons, describing them in fen or bog ecosystems, allowing the interpretation of complex wetlands. The present manuscript updates the description and classification of semi-terrestrial humus forms previously published by Zanella et al. (2011a, 2011b).

Published
2018
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25. Humusica 2, article 10: Histic humus systems and forms - Key of classification

Author

Augusto Zanella, Bas van Delft, Renée-Claire Le Bayon, Maria De Nobili, Anna Andreetta, Jean-François Ponge, Rein de Waal, Chiara Ferronato, Raimo Kõlli, Zanella, Augusto, De Waal, Rein, Van Delft, Ba, Ponge, Jean-Françoi, Ferronato, Chiara, De Nobili, Maria, Le Bayon, Renée-Claire, Andreetta, Anna, Kõlli, Raimo, Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), University of Bologna, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], Institut de Biologie, Laboratoire Sol et Végétation, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), University of Firenze, and Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU)

Subjects
Vocabulary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Histic humus classification, Computer science, Process (engineering), media_common.quotation_subject, Soil Science, Soil science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), Humus, Histic humu, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Moor, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Horizon (archaeology), Ecology, business.industry, Histic humus, Peat, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Humu, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Humusica, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Key (cryptography), 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Table (database), Artificial intelligence, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, computer, Natural language processing
Abstract

International audience; This paper corresponds to an illustrated field key of classification of Histic humipedon. Vocabulary and diagnostic horizon definitions are in Humusica 2, article 9. The process of classification can follow a step by step way or simply be realised choosing the right diagnostic horizon on a table and composing the whole profile as in a game of construction. Examples of real profiles are given for comparison with the ones people can find in the field.

Published
2018
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