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1. Author Correction: Subpolar North Atlantic western boundary density anomalies and the Meridional Overturning Circulation

Author

Li, F., Lozier, M. S., Bacon, S., Bower, A. S., Cunningham, S. A., de Jong, M. F., deYoung, B., Fraser, N., Fried, N., Han, G., Holliday, N. P., Holte, J., Houpert, L., Inall, M. E., Johns, W. E., Jones, S., Johnson, C., Karstensen, J., Le Bras, I. A., Lherminier, P., Lin, X., Mercier, H., Oltmanns, M., Pacini, A., Petit, T., Pickart, R. S., Rayner, D., Straneo, F., Thierry, V., Visbeck, M., Yashayaev, I., and Zhou, C.

Published
2022
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2. Subpolar North Atlantic western boundary density anomalies and the Meridional Overturning Circulation

Author

Li, F., Lozier, M. S., Bacon, S., Bower, A. S., Cunningham, S. A., de Jong, M. F., deYoung, B., Fraser, N., Fried, N., Han, G., Holliday, N. P., Holte, J., Houpert, L., Inall, M. E., Johns, W. E., Jones, S., Johnson, C., Karstensen, J., Le Bras, I. A., Lherminier, P., Lin, X., Mercier, H., Oltmanns, M., Pacini, A., Petit, T., Pickart, R. S., Rayner, D., Straneo, F., Thierry, V., Visbeck, M., Yashayaev, I., and Zhou, C.

Published
2021
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6. Global perspectives on observing ocean boundary current systems

Author

Balmaseda, M.A., Wilkin, J., Seim, H., Muglia, M., Goes, M.P., Rykaczewski, R.R., Sutton, A.J., Todd, R.E., Shannon, L., Davis, R.E., Fawcett, S.E., Gray, A.R., Plueddemann, A.J., Rodrigues, R.R., Lacan, F., Feng, M., Piola, A.R., Fassbender, A.J., Lin, X., Thompson, L., Calil, P.H., Palter, J.B., Gutiérrez, D., Chavez, F.P., Phillips, H.E., Ito, S.-I., Montes, I., Lazar, A., Centurioni, L.R., Zilberman, N.V., Volkov, D., Sprintall, J., Cronin, M.F., Clayton, S., Rudnick, D.L., Levine, N., Sloyan, B.M., Roughan, M., Archer, M., Cirano, M., Graco, M.I., Middleton, J., Lengaigne, M., Rossby, T., Zhang, D., Gupta, A.S., Escribano, R., Palevsky, H.I., Hebert, D., Dong, S., Hummels, R., Bane, J.M., Lee, C.M., Chidichimo, M.P., Curchitser, E.N., Dengler, M., Campos, E., Nagai, T., Qiu, B., DeYoung, B., Laurindo, L., Beal, L.M., Goni, G.J., Krug, M., Barth, J.A., Baringer, M.O., Arístegui, J., van der Plas, A.K., Zhang, L., Brandt, P., Saraceno, M., and CRAVATTE, S.E.

Abstract

Ocean boundary current systems are key components of the climate system, are home to highly productive ecosystems, and have numerous societal impacts. Establishment of a global network of boundary current observing systems is a critical part of ongoing development of the Global Ocean Observing System. The characteristics of boundary current systems are reviewed, focusing on scientific and societal motivations for sustained observing. Techniques currently used to observe boundary current systems are reviewed, followed by a census of the current state of boundary current observing systems globally. Next steps in the development of boundary current observing systems are considered, leading to several specific recommendations.

Published
2019
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8. A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic

Author

Lozier, M. S., Li, F., Bacon, S., Bahr, F., Bower, A. S., Cunningham, S. A., De Jong, M. F., De Steur, L., Deyoung, B., Fischer, J., Gary, S. F., Greenan, B. J. W., Holliday, N. P., Houk, A., Houpert, L., Inall, M. E., Johns, W. E., Johnson, H. L., Johnson, C., Karstensen, J., Koman, G., Le Bras, I. A., Lin, X., Mackay, N., Marshall, D. P., Mercier, Herle, Oltmanns, M., Pickart, R. S., Ramsey, A. L., Rayner, D., Straneo, F., Thierry, Virginie, Torres, D. J., Williams, R. G., Wilson, C., Yang, J., Yashayaev, I., Zhao, J., Lozier, M. S., Li, F., Bacon, S., Bahr, F., Bower, A. S., Cunningham, S. A., De Jong, M. F., De Steur, L., Deyoung, B., Fischer, J., Gary, S. F., Greenan, B. J. W., Holliday, N. P., Houk, A., Houpert, L., Inall, M. E., Johns, W. E., Johnson, H. L., Johnson, C., Karstensen, J., Koman, G., Le Bras, I. A., Lin, X., Mackay, N., Marshall, D. P., Mercier, Herle, Oltmanns, M., Pickart, R. S., Ramsey, A. L., Rayner, D., Straneo, F., Thierry, Virginie, Torres, D. J., Williams, R. G., Wilson, C., Yang, J., Yashayaev, I., and Zhao, J.

Abstract

To provide an observational basis for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections of a slowing Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the 21st century, the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) observing system was launched in the summer of 2014. The first 21-month record reveals a highly variable overturning circulation responsible for the majority of the heat and freshwater transport across the OSNAP line. In a departure from the prevailing view that changes in deep water formation in the Labrador Sea dominate MOC variability, these results suggest that the conversion of warm, salty, shallow Atlantic waters into colder, fresher, deep waters that move southward in the Irminger and Iceland basins is largely responsible for overturning and its variability in the subpolar basin.

Published
2019
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9. Global perspectives on observing ocean boundary current systems

Author

Todd, RE, Chavez, FP, Clayton, S, CRAVATTE, SE, Goes, MP, Graco, MI, Lin, X, Sprintall, J, Zilberman, NV, Archer, M, Arístegui, J, Balmaseda, MA, Bane, JM, Baringer, MO, Barth, JA, Beal, LM, Brandt, P, Calil, PH, Campos, E, Centurioni, LR, Chidichimo, MP, Cirano, M, Cronin, MF, Curchitser, EN, Davis, RE, Dengler, M, DeYoung, B, Dong, S, Escribano, R, Fassbender, AJ, Fawcett, SE, Feng, M, Goni, GJ, Gray, AR, Gutiérrez, D, Hebert, D, Hummels, R, Ito, SI, Krug, M, Lacan, F, Laurindo, L, Lazar, A, Lee, CM, Lengaigne, M, Levine, N, Middleton, J, Montes, I, Muglia, M, Nagai, T, Palevsky, HI, Palter, JB, Phillips, HE, Piola, AR, Plueddemann, AJ, Qiu, B, Rodrigues, RR, Rossby, T, Roughan, M, Rudnick, DL, Rykaczewski, RR, Saraceno, M, Seim, H, Gupta, AS, Shannon, L, Sloyan, BM, Sutton, AJ, Thompson, LA, van der Plas, AK, Volkov, D, Wilkin, J, Zhang, D, Zhang, L, Todd, RE, Chavez, FP, Clayton, S, CRAVATTE, SE, Goes, MP, Graco, MI, Lin, X, Sprintall, J, Zilberman, NV, Archer, M, Arístegui, J, Balmaseda, MA, Bane, JM, Baringer, MO, Barth, JA, Beal, LM, Brandt, P, Calil, PH, Campos, E, Centurioni, LR, Chidichimo, MP, Cirano, M, Cronin, MF, Curchitser, EN, Davis, RE, Dengler, M, DeYoung, B, Dong, S, Escribano, R, Fassbender, AJ, Fawcett, SE, Feng, M, Goni, GJ, Gray, AR, Gutiérrez, D, Hebert, D, Hummels, R, Ito, SI, Krug, M, Lacan, F, Laurindo, L, Lazar, A, Lee, CM, Lengaigne, M, Levine, N, Middleton, J, Montes, I, Muglia, M, Nagai, T, Palevsky, HI, Palter, JB, Phillips, HE, Piola, AR, Plueddemann, AJ, Qiu, B, Rodrigues, RR, Rossby, T, Roughan, M, Rudnick, DL, Rykaczewski, RR, Saraceno, M, Seim, H, Gupta, AS, Shannon, L, Sloyan, BM, Sutton, AJ, Thompson, LA, van der Plas, AK, Volkov, D, Wilkin, J, Zhang, D, and Zhang, L

Abstract

Ocean boundary current systems are key components of the climate system, are home to highly productive ecosystems, and have numerous societal impacts. Establishment of a global network of boundary current observing systems is a critical part of ongoing development of the Global Ocean Observing System. The characteristics of boundary current systems are reviewed, focusing on scientific and societal motivations for sustained observing. Techniques currently used to observe boundary current systems are reviewed, followed by a census of the current state of boundary current observing systems globally. Next steps in the development of boundary current observing systems are considered, leading to several specific recommendations.

Published
2019

10. OceanGliders: A component of the integrated GOOS

Author

Testor, P, DeYoung, B, Rudnick, DL, Glenn, S, Hayes, D, Lee, C, Pattiaratchi, CB, Hill, KL, Heslop, E, Turpin, V, Alenius, P, Barrera, C, Barth, J, Beaird, N, Becu, G, Bosse, A, Bourrin, F, Brearley, A, Chao, Y, Chen, S, Chiggiato, J, Coppola, L, Crout, R, Cummings, J, Curry, B, Curry, R, Davis, R, Desai, K, DiMarco, S, Edwards, C, Fielding, S, Fer, I, Frajka-Williams, E, Gildor, H, Goni, G, Gutierrez, D, Hanson, S, Haugan, P, Hebert, D, Heiderich, J, Heywood, KJ, Hogan, P, Houpert, L, Huh, S, Inall, ME, Ishii, M, Ito, SI, Itoh, S, Jan, S, Kaiser, J, Karstensen, J, Kirkpatrick, B, Klymak, J, Kohut, J, Krahmann, G, Krug, M, McClatchie, S, Marin, F, Mauri, E, Mehra, A, Meredith, MP, Miles, T, Morell, J, Mortier, L, Nicholson, S, O'Callaghan, J, O'Conchubhair, D, Oke, PR, Sanz, EP, Palmer, M, Park, JJ, Perivoliotis, L, Poulain, PM, Perry, R, Queste, B, Rainville, L, Rehm, E, Roughan, M, Rome, N, Ross, T, Ruiz, S, Saba, G, Schaeffer, A, Schonau, M, Schroeder, K, Shimizu, Y, Sloyan, BM, Smeed, D, Snowden, DP, Song, Y, Swart, S, Tenreiro, M, Thompson, AF, Tintore, J, Todd, RE, Toro, C, Venables, H, Waterman, S, Watlington, R, Wilson, D, Testor, P, DeYoung, B, Rudnick, DL, Glenn, S, Hayes, D, Lee, C, Pattiaratchi, CB, Hill, KL, Heslop, E, Turpin, V, Alenius, P, Barrera, C, Barth, J, Beaird, N, Becu, G, Bosse, A, Bourrin, F, Brearley, A, Chao, Y, Chen, S, Chiggiato, J, Coppola, L, Crout, R, Cummings, J, Curry, B, Curry, R, Davis, R, Desai, K, DiMarco, S, Edwards, C, Fielding, S, Fer, I, Frajka-Williams, E, Gildor, H, Goni, G, Gutierrez, D, Hanson, S, Haugan, P, Hebert, D, Heiderich, J, Heywood, KJ, Hogan, P, Houpert, L, Huh, S, Inall, ME, Ishii, M, Ito, SI, Itoh, S, Jan, S, Kaiser, J, Karstensen, J, Kirkpatrick, B, Klymak, J, Kohut, J, Krahmann, G, Krug, M, McClatchie, S, Marin, F, Mauri, E, Mehra, A, Meredith, MP, Miles, T, Morell, J, Mortier, L, Nicholson, S, O'Callaghan, J, O'Conchubhair, D, Oke, PR, Sanz, EP, Palmer, M, Park, JJ, Perivoliotis, L, Poulain, PM, Perry, R, Queste, B, Rainville, L, Rehm, E, Roughan, M, Rome, N, Ross, T, Ruiz, S, Saba, G, Schaeffer, A, Schonau, M, Schroeder, K, Shimizu, Y, Sloyan, BM, Smeed, D, Snowden, DP, Song, Y, Swart, S, Tenreiro, M, Thompson, AF, Tintore, J, Todd, RE, Toro, C, Venables, H, Waterman, S, Watlington, R, and Wilson, D

Abstract

The OceanGliders program started in 2016 to support active coordination and enhancement of global glider activity. OceanGliders contributes to the international efforts of the Global Ocean Observation System (GOOS) for Climate, Ocean Health and Operational Services. It brings together marine scientists and engineers operating gliders around the world: (1) to observe the long-term physical, biogeochemical, and biological ocean processes and phenomena that are relevant for societal applications; and, (2) to contribute to the GOOS through real-time and delayed mode data dissemination. The OceanGliders program is distributed across national and regional observing systems and significantly contributes to integrated, multi-scale and multi-platform sampling strategies. OceanGliders shares best practices, requirements, and scientific knowledge needed for glider operations, data collection and analysis. It also monitors global glider activity and supports the dissemination of glider data through regional and global databases, in real-time and delayed modes, facilitating data access to the wider community. OceanGliders currently supports national, regional and global initiatives to maintian and expand the capabilities and application of gliders to meet key global challenges such as improved measurement of ocean boundary currents, water transformation and storm forecast.

Published
2019

11. A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic

Author

Lozier, M.S., Li, F., Bacon, S., Bahr, F., Bower, A.S., Cunningham, S.A., de Jong, M.F., de Steur, L., deYoung, B., Fischer, J., Gary, S.F., Greenan, B.J.W., Holliday, N.P., Houk, A., Houpert, L., Inall, M.E., Johns, W.E., Johnson, H.L., Johnson, C., Karstensen, J., Koman, G., Le Bras, I.A., Lin, X., Mackay, N., Marshall, D.P., Mercier, H., Oltmanns, M., Pickart, R.S., Hawkins, A.L., Rayner, D., Straneo, F., Thierry, V., Torres, D.J., Williams, R.G., Wilson, C., Yang, J., Yashayaev, I., Zhao, J., Lozier, M.S., Li, F., Bacon, S., Bahr, F., Bower, A.S., Cunningham, S.A., de Jong, M.F., de Steur, L., deYoung, B., Fischer, J., Gary, S.F., Greenan, B.J.W., Holliday, N.P., Houk, A., Houpert, L., Inall, M.E., Johns, W.E., Johnson, H.L., Johnson, C., Karstensen, J., Koman, G., Le Bras, I.A., Lin, X., Mackay, N., Marshall, D.P., Mercier, H., Oltmanns, M., Pickart, R.S., Hawkins, A.L., Rayner, D., Straneo, F., Thierry, V., Torres, D.J., Williams, R.G., Wilson, C., Yang, J., Yashayaev, I., and Zhao, J.

Abstract

To provide an observational basis for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections of a slowing Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the 21st century, the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) observing system was launched in the summer of 2014. The first 21-month record reveals a highly variable overturning circulation responsible for the majority of the heat and freshwater transport across the OSNAP line. In a departure from the prevailing view that changes in deep water formation in the Labrador Sea dominate MOC variability, these results suggest that the conversion of warm, salty, shallow Atlantic waters into colder, fresher, deep waters that move southward in the Irminger and Iceland basins is largely responsible for overturning and its variability in the subpolar basin.

Published
2019

14. A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic

Author

Lozier, M. S., primary, Li, F., additional, Bacon, S., additional, Bahr, F., additional, Bower, A. S., additional, Cunningham, S. A., additional, de Jong, M. F., additional, de Steur, L., additional, deYoung, B., additional, Fischer, J., additional, Gary, S. F., additional, Greenan, B. J. W., additional, Holliday, N. P., additional, Houk, A., additional, Houpert, L., additional, Inall, M. E., additional, Johns, W. E., additional, Johnson, H. L., additional, Johnson, C., additional, Karstensen, J., additional, Koman, G., additional, Le Bras, I. A., additional, Lin, X., additional, Mackay, N., additional, Marshall, D. P., additional, Mercier, H., additional, Oltmanns, M., additional, Pickart, R. S., additional, Ramsey, A. L., additional, Rayner, D., additional, Straneo, F., additional, Thierry, V., additional, Torres, D. J., additional, Williams, R. G., additional, Wilson, C., additional, Yang, J., additional, Yashayaev, I., additional, and Zhao, J., additional

Published
2019
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17. Overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic program: A new international ocean observing system

Author

Zika, J., Inall, M., Pillar, H., Zhao, J., Li, F., Lozier, M., Bower, A., Houpert, L., Yang, J., Bacon, S., Greenan, B., Holliday, N., Thierry, V., Marshall, D., Heimbach, P., Weller, R., Pickart, R., Lin, X., Cunningham, S., Karstensen, J., Wilson, C., Johnson, H., DeYoung, B., Gary, S., Williams, R., Straneo, F., Mackay, N., Johns, W., Fischer, J., Mercier, H., De Jong, M., De Steur, L., and Myers, P.

Published
2017
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18. Passive tracer reconstruction as a least-squares problem with a semi-Lagrangian constraint: An application to fish eggs and larvae

Author

Panteleev, G.G., deYoung, B., Reiss, C.S., and Taggard, C.T.

Subjects
Oceanography -- Research, Fishes -- Larvae, Fishes -- Growth, Fishes -- Observations, Company growth, Biological sciences, Earth sciences
Abstract

The sensitivity of the reconstructed tracer fields to the distribution of the pseudo-oceanographic sampling strategy, essentially an antenna problem, and to errors in the velocity field and the observations are explored. The algorithm was applied to observations of silver hake eggs and larvae obtained in August 1998 on the Scotian Shelf and the evolution of fish eggs and larvae concentration was found.

Published
2004

35. The Mean Summer and Fall Circulation of Western Bank on the Scotian Shelf.

Author

Panteleev, G. G., DeYoung, B., and Yaremchuk, M.

Subjects
TEMPERATURE measurements, ATMOSPHERIC temperature, CLIMATOLOGY, SALINITY, SUMMER, AUTUMN
Abstract

Copyright of Atmosphere - Ocean (Canadian Meteorological & Oceanographic Society) is the property of Canadian Meteorological & Oceanographic Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2001
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36. An Analysis of Fleet Numerical Oceanographic Center Winds on the Grand Banks.

Author

DeYoung, B. and Tang, C. L.

Subjects
OCEANOGRAPHY, OCEAN, REGRESSION analysis, OIL well drilling rigs, WIND speed
Abstract

Copyright of Atmosphere - Ocean (Canadian Meteorological & Oceanographic Society) is the property of Canadian Meteorological & Oceanographic Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
1989

37. Cod (Gadus morhua L.) migration speeds and transport relative to currents on the north-east Newfoundland Shelf.

Author

Rose, G. A., deYoung, B., and Colbourne, E. B.

Abstract

Cod were tracked during shoreward migrations across the north-east Newfoundland shelf for 13, 9, and 36 d in the spring of 1990, 1991, and 1992, respectively, with echo-sounder-equipped vessels. Mean daily ground speeds ranged from 0.08–0.28 m s−1in the three years (max. 0.68 m s−1) over distances up to 59 km (mean daily displacements from 1990–1993 were 10, 24, and 7 km). Mean migration headings were identical in the three years (198°). Cross-track error was smaller and fish were older in 1990 than in 1991 or 1992. Movements along the migration route (198°) coincided with fish movements off the bottom and increasing sea temperatures (325 m station, rises in 2°C isotherm). In 1992, swimming speeds assessed by subtracting currents from ground speeds average 0.10 m s−1(0.23 bl) (maximum 0.28 m s−1; 0.64 bl s−1). After spawning abated, cod exhibited directed movements shoreward. By comparing ground and swimming speeds, we examined hypotheses on passive and active transport. At times, cod actively migrated with advancing flows (ground speeds>swimming speeds), and tended to stem retreating flows (but not always). In contrast, the strong flows across the route (90° to the mean direction) had little effect on cod movements. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1995
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38. Frequent mutation of p16 in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Author

Lang JC, Tobin EJ, Knobloch TJ, Schuller DE, Bartynski KJ, Mountain RE, Nicholson R, DeYoung BR, Weghorst CM, Lang, J C, Tobin, E J, Knobloch, T J, Schuller, D E, Bartynski, K J, Mountain, R E, Nicholson, R, DeYoung, B R, and Weghorst, C M

Abstract

RNA was isolated from 22 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) obtained from diverse sites within the head and neck and from matched normal tissue where available. Tissue samples were then screened for expression of RNA from tumor suppressor gene p16 by utilizing semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. p16-Specific PCR amplification products generated from tumor samples were subject to further analysis by direct DNA sequencing to determine if any tumor sample harbored a p16 mutation. The results show the presence of mutations in 10 of 22 (45%) of the tumor samples. Mutations comprise two identical point mutations, two small deletions (1 bp and 2 bp), one single-nucleotide insertion, four larger deletions, and an insertion/deletion. No mutations in p16 have been identified by analysis of PCR products generated from normal matched tissue, suggesting that p16 alterations are generated by somatic mutation and are not germline in origin. All 22 samples were analyzed additionally by immunohistochemistry for nuclear expression of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor gene product. Results show lack of RB nuclear expression in only one sample, suggesting that mutation of RB is an infrequent event in the development of SCC of the head and neck (SCCHN). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998

39. Cod (Gadus morhuaL.) migration speeds and transport relative to currents on the north-east Newfoundland Shelf

Author

Rose, G. A., deYoung, B., and Colbourne, E. B.

Abstract

Cod were tracked during shoreward migrations across the north-east Newfoundland shelf for 13, 9, and 36d in the spring of 1990, 1991, and 1992, respectively, with echo-sounder-equipped vessels. Mean daily ground speeds ranged from 0.08–0.28m s−1in the three years (max. 0.68m s−1) over distances up to 59km (mean daily displacements from 1990–1993 were 10, 24, and 7km). Mean migration headings were identical in the three years (198°). Cross-track error was smaller and fish were older in 1990 than in 1991 or 1992. Movements along the migration route (198°) coincided with fish movements off the bottom and increasing sea temperatures (325m station, rises in 2°C isotherm). In 1992, swimming speeds assessed by subtracting currents from ground speeds average 0.10m s−1(0.23bl) (maximum 0.28m s−1; 0.64bl s−1). After spawning abated, cod exhibited directed movements shoreward. By comparing ground and swimming speeds, we examined hypotheses on passive and active transport. At times, cod actively migrated with advancing flows (ground speeds>swimming speeds), and tended to stem retreating flows (but not always). In contrast, the strong flows across the route (90° to the mean direction) had little effect on cod movements.

Published
1995
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41. A sea change in our view of overturning - first results from the overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program

Author

Lozier, MS, Li, F, Bacon, S, Bahr, F, Bower, A, Cunningham, S, de Jong, F, de Steur, L, DeYoung, B, Fischer, J, Gary, S, Greenan, B, Holliday, NP, Houk, A, LeBras, L, Lin, X, Mackay, N, Marshall, D, Mercier, H, Oltmanns, M, Pickart, RS, Ramsey, A, Rayner, D, Straneo, F, Thierry, V, Torres, DJ, Williams, RG, Wilson, C, Yang, J, Yashayaev, I, and Zhao, J

Abstract

To provide an observational basis for IPCC projections of a slowing Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) in the 21st century, the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) observing system was launched in the summer of 2014. The first 21-month record reveals a highly variable overturning circulation responsible for the majority of the heat and freshwater transport across the OSNAP line. In a departure from the prevailing view that changes in deep water formation in the Labrador Sea dominate MOC variability, these results suggest that the conversion of warm, salty, shallow Atlantic waters into colder, fresher, deep waters that move southward in the Irminger and Iceland basins, is largely responsible for overturning and its variability in the subpolar basin.

44. Technicalities exploring the labrador sea with autonomous vehicles

Author

Deyoung, B., Eleanor Frajka-Williams, Oppeln-Bronikowski, N. V., and Woodward, S.

Abstract

The Labrador Sea is a fascinating and difficult environment in which to work. In the winter, wind speeds can gust upwards of 200 km/hr, while 10-m wave heights and below freezing temperatures (-20°C) are not unheard off, making it an inhospitable area for field work. Indeed, few ships are present in the Labrador Sea during the winter. However, the same harsh conditions have made the Labrador Sea a key region for Earth’s climate, with the wintertime conditions resulting in localized deep mixing of waters and carbon to great depths (2 km) in the ocean [Lazier, 1980; Pickart, 1997]. As a consequence, in-situ observations in the Labrador Sea are critical to advancing scientific knowledge on past and future climate change scenarios. Previous attempts to use ships for wintertime work required long expeditions at sea, but often with little data collected due to unworkable conditions. Autonomous marine vehicles provide an obvious solution to collecting in-situ data in the wintertime, as they can operate in extreme conditions yet still give us the flexibility to adapt our sampling during the mission [deYoung et al., 2018; Testor et al., 2019].

47. Meridional overturning circulation observed by the OSNAP (Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program) array from August 2014 to May 2018

Author

Li, F., Lozier, M.S., Bacon, S., Bower, A., Cunningham, S.A., de Jong, M.F., DeYoung, B., Fraser, N., Fried, N., Han, G., Holliday, N.P., Holte, J., Houpert, L., Inall, M.E., Johns, W.E., Jones, S., Johnson, C., Karstensen, J., LeBras, I.A., Lherminier, P., Lin, X., Mercier, H., Oltmanns, M., Pacini, A., Petit, T., Pickart, R.S., Rayner, D., Straneo, F., Thierry, V., Visbeck, M., Yashayaev, I., Zhou, C., Li, F., Lozier, M.S., Bacon, S., Bower, A., Cunningham, S.A., de Jong, M.F., DeYoung, B., Fraser, N., Fried, N., Han, G., Holliday, N.P., Holte, J., Houpert, L., Inall, M.E., Johns, W.E., Jones, S., Johnson, C., Karstensen, J., LeBras, I.A., Lherminier, P., Lin, X., Mercier, H., Oltmanns, M., Pacini, A., Petit, T., Pickart, R.S., Rayner, D., Straneo, F., Thierry, V., Visbeck, M., Yashayaev, I., and Zhou, C.

Abstract

An international effort, Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP), is a partnership among oceanographers from the US, UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Canada and China whose goal is to measure and understand what drives the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and its variability. OSNAP is consisted of more than 53 moorings that stretch from Labrador to Greenland to Scotland, providing a continuous record of the full water column, trans-basin volume transports in the subpolar North Atlantic. The first 4 years of data (August 2014 - May 2018) from the full OSNAP array has been used to produce the 30-day mean estimates of the MOC at OSNAP. All data are freely available from www.o-snap.org.

48. Meridional overturning circulation observed by the OSNAP (Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program) array from August 2014 to May 2018

Author

Li, F., Lozier, M.S., Bacon, S., Bower, A., Cunningham, S.A., de Jong, M.F., DeYoung, B., Fraser, N., Fried, N., Han, G., Holliday, N.P., Holte, J., Houpert, L., Inall, M.E., Johns, W.E., Jones, S., Johnson, C., Karstensen, J., LeBras, I.A., Lherminier, P., Lin, X., Mercier, H., Oltmanns, M., Pacini, A., Petit, T., Pickart, R.S., Rayner, D., Straneo, F., Thierry, V., Visbeck, M., Yashayaev, I., Zhou, C., Li, F., Lozier, M.S., Bacon, S., Bower, A., Cunningham, S.A., de Jong, M.F., DeYoung, B., Fraser, N., Fried, N., Han, G., Holliday, N.P., Holte, J., Houpert, L., Inall, M.E., Johns, W.E., Jones, S., Johnson, C., Karstensen, J., LeBras, I.A., Lherminier, P., Lin, X., Mercier, H., Oltmanns, M., Pacini, A., Petit, T., Pickart, R.S., Rayner, D., Straneo, F., Thierry, V., Visbeck, M., Yashayaev, I., and Zhou, C.

Abstract

An international effort, Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP), is a partnership among oceanographers from the US, UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Canada and China whose goal is to measure and understand what drives the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and its variability. OSNAP is consisted of more than 53 moorings that stretch from Labrador to Greenland to Scotland, providing a continuous record of the full water column, trans-basin volume transports in the subpolar North Atlantic. The first 4 years of data (August 2014 - May 2018) from the full OSNAP array has been used to produce the 30-day mean estimates of the MOC at OSNAP. All data are freely available from www.o-snap.org.

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